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Tecnologia e sociedade: o caso SIVAM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-16)
Rossi, Isabel Cristina
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Martins Filho, João Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4795350065883490
The main purpose of this thesis is to approach the Sistema de Vigilância da Amazônia [Amazônia Vigilance System, SIVAM] as part of the military strategy for establishing Brazil as a power/leadership in South America. Because this strategy Brazil had to pay a high price for the world superpower asset and, by this way, the Brazilian militaries kept in force their politic power, their status quo, remains of the dictatorship era in face of a civilian regime. The referred asset can be realized as in effect since the very moment of the Air Force Department establishment, which happened at the same time of the creation of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) during the Second World War and its research institutes Air Force Technology Institute (ITA) and Air Force Technology Center (CTA) , which had the purpose to raise and prepare critical mass for the later development of aeronautics. By the end of the Second World War Brazil dismantled its small, although important, aeronautics industry, which had many years of experience in aircraft construction. All the researches and experience were thrown away because lack of investments in this industry, result of the Brazilian government option for buying the French and American war leftovers . National interests were put aside with this attitude because the alignment with the United States would provide access to power and reputation for the Brazilian military elite, reason why it was essential to turn the country into a sub-hegemonic power in South America. It happened a similar process with the SIVAM when it was bought technology for its project and not used technology that could be developed inwards by Brazil. Brazilian militaries established the SIVAM with a nationalistic speech that had in its terms the preservation of the sovereignty and defense of the national territory. However, the praxis was contradictory since it revealed authentic the critics made against the SIVAM as an inefficient and outmoded system during its development. This study intends to make considerations in order to offer a possible explication for this attitude onto the specific case of the SIVAM.
Percepção e memória em Bergson: um questionamento acerca das críticas sartrianas à Matéria e memória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-17)
Bitterbier, Solange
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Marques, Silene Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2409795523544490
Important philosopher and researcher of the twentieth century, Henri Bergson has gained prominence not only for his detailed analysis of consciousness and for the new meaning given to already established philosophical terms, but also for his addressing of the notion of duration, which is present in his major works and is the basis many for many of his conceptions. Bergson's philosophical writings have earned him much admiration and, at the same time, many critcisms, which, as they raise questions concerning fundamental points of the bergsonian philosophy, allow discussions that result in several studies. Among the most prominent criticisms, some are concentrated in the text of the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, entitled The Imagination, which addresses important aspects of the work Matter and memory. However, Sartre s criticisms seem to address Bergson s arguments in an one-sided way. Given this, our objective is to analyze the bergsonian reflections presented in Matter and memory trying to show that Sartre's positions regarding to Bergson were taken in a superficial way, which leads us to assert that Bergson's philosophy has not, as claimed by the author of The imagination, failed in his conceptions. For that, we will emphasize two fundamental notions present in Matter and memory, which were widely criticized by Sartre, namely the notions of perception and consciousness, as well as the conclusions presented in the finalization of the work about the dualism of body and spirit.
Determinação simultanêa de pesticidas utilizando métodos eletroanalíticos e quimiométricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-17)
Silva, Zilene Alves da
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700463114669811
This paper describes the simultaneous determination of the pesticides paraquat and diquat using electroanalytical techniques coupled with chemometric methods. Although these two pesticides can be easily determined in trace levels, the same does not apply to mix due to a large overlap of the voltammetric peaks. For this reason it became necessary to treat the data obtained by square wave voltammetry with chemometric methods that used no current peaks, but all points of the voltammogram. In a first stage of work, the parameters were optimized voltammetric technique, the frequency of the pulse, amplitude and increased potential for using the design of experiments. In this step, for each analyte were used as a response to peak current, ip, and the first principal component, PC1. Both analysis procedures showed that the frequency of the pulse amplitude and the cross effect of these variables has a significant effect on the response of the system (ip or PC1). In a second step, the effect of the most significant variables were studied by response surface, which employed a planning CCD (central composite design of English) was optimized. It was then built an empirical model that correlates the response (ip or PCs) with the variables studied. The optimum values to obtain the best voltammetric response was frequency 170 s-1, amplitude 40 mV and scan increment of 2 mV. Finally, in a third stage of labor was performed to analyze the mixture of paraquat and diquat, applying the optimized parameters and transforming the voltammograms for the space of principal components. The quantification of the mixture of pesticides was performed using the Partial Least Squares Regression, PLS. The XII models developed had a RMSEP, 1,39 and 2,22 for paraquat and diquat for the correlation coefficients greater than 0.99, which demonstrates the efficiency of the methodology used.
Perovskitas baseadas no PZT e PLZT sintetizadas usando o método dos complexos oxidantes de peróxido (OPM)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-17)
Gonçalves, Mayra Dancini
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9207706266657791
Were synthesized by the OPM, the solid solutions of Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 with x = 0.8, 0.48 and 0.2, and also the lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate compositions (Pb0.95La0.05) (Zr1-xTix)O3 with x = 0.8 and 0.2. This paper reports the first synthesis of PLZT by means of the OPM route. The techniques for X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy at room temperature showed that the PZT and PLZT compositions Ti-rich have essentially tetragonal structure and the compositions Zr-rich are rhombohedral. Since the composition with x = 0.48 known as the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) shows a mixture of both structures. Analysis by BET isotherms showed that the powders have high surface area even when thermally treated at 700 ° C, confirming its higher reactivity compared to powders obtained by other synthetic methods. At this temperature, images from scanning electron microscopy reveal the formation of aggregates of nanometric spherical particles already in the process of sintering due to diffusion of matter and formation of necks between them. Since these materials have great technological importance, the powders were conformed to the shape of discs and sintered in two types of ovens, conventional and microwave ones, for evaluation and comparison of morphological, structural and dielectric properties. The composition of PZT in the MPB showed dielectric constant higher than the values reported in the literature, both for the samples sintered in a conventional oven (12330) as for the sintered using microwave energy (17900). However, the Curie temperature also showed anomalous values of 460 and 465 ° C, respectively. It can be attributed to the influence of the absence or lower content of oxygen vacancies in the powders synthesized by means of the OPM route.
Questão social no Brasil: uma análise sobre o debate nas décadas de 1920 e 1930
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Barbosa, Aline Ramos
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7939834632437833
The transition to modernity in Brazil has its roots in the transformations engendered in Brazilian society since the mid-nineteenth century to the emblematic 1930 s Revolution. The social question, that in this context was related to capital-work conflict engedered by the economic changes occurred in the country, may has its solution take as part of universal rights generation, specifically, with reference to social rights. In Brazilian case, that don t seeks the marshallian logic, first came the social rights, in the decade of 1930, concomitantly with the suppression of political rights and strong reduction of civil rights (come and go) by varguista State. Notwithstanding, despite the evident importance of the decade of 1930 in this process, it can t be underestimated the importance of the previous years. Thus, the focus of this research is analyze the advances and continuities in relation to social question in Brazil, that, despite to be a problem always present in this country, when referred to work question, found in the decade of 1930 a solution supported in work and welfare legislations and its and cultminating in 1934 s Constitution, in the chapter referred to Social and Economic Order. That way, the question of police became a social issue, to acquire the status of political issue in the 1934 s Constitution.
Análise histológica, histoquímica, histométrica e ultraestrutural de intestinos de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare DAUDIN, 1802) (Crocodilia: Reptilia) criado em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Aleixo, Victor Manuel
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Ferraz, Rosa Helena dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9651706159626917
The commercial breeding of the Caiman yacare has been consolidated in the state of Mato Grosso as an alternative and as a legal activity for rural properties in the area of its natural occurrence, restraining predatory hunting and collaborating to the preservation of the species. The rationalization of the production process into the caiman's breading is a relatively new action, which allows obtaining better skin quality and its integral use, different from those originated from animals living in wildlife. Considering the importance of the intestines as the main organ where the major events related to obtaining nutrients for the body metabolism occur, this study aimed at characterizing qualitative and quantitatively the mucosa of the small and large intestine of the C. yacare. For the characterization of the intestinal wall structure and histometry of the mucosa, intestinal samples from 16 animals were collected for the study in the optical microscope and two others for the study in the scanning electron microscope. The samples were obtained and processed according to the respective protocols, in five regions, four from the small intestine and one from the large intestine. The stains were hematoxylin, eosin, Mallory trichomo and Picrossirius, and the histochemical techniques consisted of the reaction to periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue pH 1.0 counterstained with hematoxylin and alcian blue pH 2.5 conjugated to periodic acid-Schiff. Histometric study was used in the analysis of variance and Neuwman-Keuls test. For the description of histological structures it was used the terminology available in Nomina Histology. The wall structure of small and large intestine of the C. yacare was composed of the tunica mucosa, muscular and serosa. The mucosa was composed of epithelial lining like the simple cylindrical type made by epithelial columnar cells of the villus and goblet cells; characteristic lamina of loose connective tissue and muscular tissue from the single mucosa. The composition of the secretion of goblet cells ranged from neutral to acid. It was not observed the presence of intestinal glands. The muscular layer consisted of two decks, the circular and the longitudinal, the former being the most developed. The serosa was typical. The specializations of the mucosa observed in the small and in the large intestine, respectively, were intestinal villi and folds, and alongside the regions of the intestine, showed a reduction of its complexity. The histometric study of the mucosa showed a statistically significant difference between the small and the large intestine. The scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of one type of ridge or fold in the duodenum and two types in the other regions analyzed. They showed variation in shape, spacing, height and scale between the regions. Although the structure of the intestinal wall of C. yacare is similar to those of other crocodilians, of the green turtle and of the ostrich, it is still necessary to carry out studies about the histophysiology so that the nutritional management of the species in captivity is improved.
Síntese e caracterização de compósitos multiferroicos de manganita La: Sr e titanatos de Ba e Sr
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Paranhos, Rafael Rodrigo Garofalo
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Cardoso, Claudio Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0332061570052918
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4310999203376154
In this paper, we seek to prepare composite multiferroics extrinsic whose potential for technological applications, especially in the electronics industry, and the possibility of new phenomena of fundamental scientific interest made the subject multiferroics has attracted attention and efforts of the scientific community. Such composites have in its constitution the combination of ferroelectric barium titanate, strontium titanate in paraelectric and the ferromagnetic lanthanum-strontium manganite. This choice is due to the interesting magnetic properties of manganites and its strong coupling between the magnetic properties, electrical and estrututrais, leading to the occurrence of giant magnetostrição [1]. The ferroelectric chosen has a structure compatible with that of the manganite. Moreover, the possibility of adjusting the ferromagnetic transition temperature of the manganite, through chemical doping could make room for the optimization of their properties at room temperature. The synthesis method chosen was the Pechini chemical route, featuring good conditions of uniformity in their characteristics and the final conformation of the specimen was (0-3) For the characterization of the samples was proposed a protocol starting from the structural characterizations and chemical profiles using X-ray diffraction, microstructural through the electron microscope using a high-resolution physical characterizations of relative density, resistivity, dielectric and ferroelectric properties and, finally, analysis of magnetoelectric coupling. The results that deserve mention are the correct phase formation in composite materials and a good densification of the bodies of evidence, above 90%. We can observe the deterioration of electrical properties in composite materials
Efeitos de condições de monitoramento de mães sobre desempenho em supervisão de estudos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Christovam, Ana Carolina Camargo
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Cortegoso, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2767863425745220
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2550991108264200
Studies on school problems and school failure suggest that some of these problems are result of ineffective interactions between student, family and school. This is a serious concern for the educational practices, as parental involvement is also indicated as desirable behavior of parents and that has important impacts for the children's school performance. In this way, the Homework has been the subject of several studies since that role both in academic performance, and as a communication tool between school and families, and as a strategy for promoting parental involvement. Thus, to effect an action that helps the practice of parents in the education of the child, especially in the habits of study, was proposed in this study to evaluate the contingencies arranged by parents in the installation and maintenance of home study behaviors, to interfere with these contingencies from a set of interventions and assess the differential impact of these interventions for the performance of parents also tried to verify possible changes in the child's behavior due to the change in the behavior of mothers. Study participants were the teacher, three students in the first year of elementary school at a municipal school in a town in the state that had begun a project in Homework and their mothers. To perform the study, it were used a multiple-baseline design, with gradual introduction of three different experimental conditions (preparation methods for parents to deal with behaviors of study), and held subsequent sessions of the introduction of observation conditions. For data analysis, the behaviors of interest were selected according to the literature and organized in order to organize the data into five categories: behaviors related to place of study, behaviors related to study material, behaviors related to execution of task, behaviors in need of help, and behaviors related to mother-child relationship during the task. Data were analyzed for each Dyad, comparing the data obtained at different stages, and by comparing the impacts possibly generated by each of the stages in the mother's behavior to monitor for their children. It was also found possible changes in the performance of participating students from the change in behavior of mothers as educators. The results indicate the relevance of the procedure tested for promoting appropriate behavior study and was effective in modifying some aspects of the behavior of all Dyads: To observe the completion of the task, the child's manifestation of humor, Moment of providing materials, subject responsible for providing materials and subject responsible for organizing materials. Behavioral changes occurred in at least two of Dyads in relation to: quality of help offered by the mother in carrying out the task, quality of help offered in the correction of the task and the adequacy and quality of the child. It may also receive help in accomplishing the task. These results show the importance of all the conditions for the training of parents as educational agents, showing better results than the conditions seen isolated.
Estudo da técnica de ondas de tensão como instrumento de avaliação interna de árvores urbanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Paduelli, Marcela Candian
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Sales, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7635127820758535
Arborization is fundamental in urban spaces, due to the significant benefits it provides. To important issue to guarantee the adequacy of the role it plays is its maintenance. To this purpose, an application of preventive methods of diagnosis is recommended, allowing the evaluation of external and internal conditions of tress. Currently, the analysis of urban trees is subjectivity. For a complete and secure analysis, it is important to associate this visual external analysis to an internal analysis. This could be done by applying non-destructive techniques, wich allows an internal visualization of the tree through a tomographic image, without causing it any damage. Among the non-destructive techniques, that have applicability in the internal evaluation of urban trees, the technique of stress waves can be highlighted. Considering the great benefits that this technique can provide in the evaluation of urban trees, this research seeks to verify its scientific and technique viability, analyzing its reliability and also establishing some parameters of application. Studies with 12 trees of the Caesalpinea peltophoroides species (popularly known as Sibipiruna) have been carried out. The stress waves equipment was applied to sections of 50, 90 and 130 cm from the trees basis, generating tomographic images of these sections. Afterwards, the trees were cut at the level of these sections and, in order to compare these images, some pictures of them were made. The results show that the trees waves technique presents large applicability for internal evaluation of urban trees, achieving significant results. Also some parameters for the application of this technique were established. For instance, it is necessary to determinate the speed reference of waves propagation for the interpretation of tomographic images, as well as it is to determinate the best height of the assays section. The latter consisting on the height of the diameter to the chest height (DAP), where average density of the tree is representative.
Limitação ventilatória e eficiência cardiorrespiratória de indivíduos após infarto do miocárdio recente e/ou insuficiência cardíaca crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Karsten, Marlus
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2183320690087782
Myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic heart failure (CHF) are among the cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality and both conditions are characterized by reduced ability to perform dynamic exercise. In CHF, the mechanisms responsible for exercise intolerance has been most widely investigated. There is a complex interaction between central and peripheral factors, including changes in lung function, reduced respiratory muscle strength and impaired autonomic modulation. However, little is known about their capacity to exercise at high altitude. The responsible factors to the functional capacity reduction in IM are unclear, especially in the early phase of recovery after hospital discharge. In this sense, two studies were developed with the purpose of assessing ventilatory limitation and cardiorespiratory efficiency in subjects with recent myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. The first was developed in two stages and involved eight men (49 ± 8 years) with uncomplicated recent MI (RMI) and ten men (48 ± 9 years) apparently healthy subjects (CG). All patients underwent pulmonary function (PF), cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a ramp (CPX) and constant load (TECC) protocol. TECC was applied at three intensities, identified in CPET, corresponding to ventilatory anaerobic threshold, plus 25% and minus 25%. At the initial step we investigated the ventilatory limitation, with exercise tidal flow-volume loop, the breathing strategy and ventilatory efficiency during exercise (VE/VCO2 slope and OUES). The RMI group presented lower expiratory reserve volume (0.9±0.3 vs. 1.8±0.5 L; p<0.05) and OUES (1836±470 vs. 2695±258; p<0.01) when compared to the CG. RMI group also demonstrated EFL during all three CWETs, whereas the CG presented EFL only during the higher intensity. In the second step we evaluated the heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) responses at the beginning of dynamic exercise at three intensities, through the kinetics analysis. The RMI time constants (_) of HR (_HR) and VO2 (_VO2) showed different response, because the _VO2 was slower than _HR. When compared to the CG, RMI presented slower _VO2 at moderate workload. In conclusion, recent uncomplicated MI is associated with reduction in oxygen uptake ventilatory efficiency, slowing of _VO2 and ventilatory limitation at dynamic exercise, even when there is no reduction in PF and respiratory muscle strength. In the second study, thirty CHF patients (NYHA I-III, 25M/5F; 59±10 years, LVEF=39.6±7.1%) treated with carvedilol were underwent to CPET and CWET. CWET was applied at 50% of the peak workload reached at CPET, in normoxia and hypoxia, to simulate a 2000 meters altitude. To identify the effect of carvedilol on the response to moderate exercise in hypoxia, we evaluated the kinetics of HR and VO2 at the initial stage of dynamic exercise and the response of these variables during the CWET. The VO2 was 20% higher in hypoxia, the _VO2 was faster in hypoxia and the _HR was faster in normoxia. Ten patients, who lowered _VO2 in hypoxia had greater HR increase during maximal CPET, suggesting lower functional betablockade. The faster _VO2 in hypoxia is likely due to a peripheral effect of carvedilol mediated either by _- or _-receptor.
Refugiados no contexto das mudanças ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-21)
Costa, Claudia Silvana da
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742019059668505
This thesis aims to focus on the construction of a subject called environmental refugee, new social group s formation that came from an adverse context, caused by the damaging effects of climate changes at its land which became inhabitable and inhospitable. Like that, unlike other refugees who leaved their countries for political, ethnic-religious, economical or social reasons, environmental refugees unwittingly has to leave their countries once in their lands has no way of survival because of the deleterious effects caused by climate change that are in the process, making certain territorial bases in social production and identity of peoples. Accordingly to the United Nations (UN) data, the number of environmental refugees on the planet will increase significantly over the next few years, mostly will come from Africa and from its other small Islands, which are those with greater vulnerability to the impacts of climate changes because of their geographical location, becoming like that, the potential environmental refugees. This way, trying to contribute to build a larger problematic for this matter inside a context that shows how necessary is to designate a definition that fits ruight this kind of refugees and to build a new legal framework guaranteeing to this group human being conditions, taking by example the case of São Tomé e Príncipe, small African s Island considered as States, with the clipping sample of Ilha de São Tomé, which is already under the risks of climate effects on its territory and with potential environmental refugees, providing like that, a reflection about the challenges of the environmental refugees, placing them on the spot of the legal Constitution.
Análise das propriedades mecânicas de juntas sobrepostas na liga Al 6181-T4 soldadas por fricção por ponto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-21)
Parra, Bruno Serafim
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Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4026294524581312
Lightweight alloys, originally developed for aeronautic applications, have also shown increasing use in the automotive sector, aiming fuel consumption and reduction of production costs. In addition to this there is the increasing environmental concern that makes lightweight alloys even more attractive, due to recycling capabilities. It is important notice that parts produced with lightweight alloys may need, at some point of the production process, be joined to others parts. In the aeronautic industry the joining is made primarily by riveting while in the automotive industry RSW - Resistance Spot Welding is usually employed. These processes present some problems such as those related to metallurgical defects and the low weldability for some lightweight alloys. Within this context the FSpW - Friction Spot Welding, that is a solid state joining process, was developed at GKSS Research Centre in Germany. This process has shown great potential for applications where the already established RSW (automotive) and riveting (aircraft), present some disadvantages. In this work the applicability of this new process for the production of overlapping joints of the alloy 6181-T4, which is already used in the automotive industry, was studied. Joints were produced with different welding parameters (welding time and rotational speed) and will be submitted to mechanical characterization, by means of microhardness measurements and mechanical tests for assessment of the performance of the welds. Microstructural characterizations will be performed using optical and electron microscopy to determine the effect of the welding parameters on the final microstructure of the welds, as well as eventual defects. It will be also done a study of failure analysis, aiming the understanding of the mechanisms of fracture, correlating them with the process parameters. Sound joints with high mechanical strength and good repeatability were obtained, with better results associated to low welding time and high toll rotational speed.
Influência da composição dietética nas alterações cognitivas de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-22)
Mecca, Marita Scarpim
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Pedrazzani, Elisete Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3642498501748735
Currently the interest in investigating the role of nutrition and its influence on the development of cognitive functions has been increasing. This influence has been studied as a protective involvement and/or in retardation of dysfunctions and degenerative changes inherent to aging. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of diet composition on cognitive impairment of elderly people. Fifty individuals over 60 years of age were evaluated, treated at the Unidade de Saúde Escola da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, and divided in two groups: without cognitive impairment (GS) and with cognitive impairment (GC). To obtain general data, an anamnesis was applied. A food frequency questionnaire and the 24-hour recall method were also applied to assess the diet. With the obtained data the nutrients were calculated in the software NutWin 1.5. After that, weight and height were measured and the BMI of the survey participants was taken. For statistical analysis were done the tests chi-squared, t student, Wilcoxon Mann Whitney, Shapiro Wilk, a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) , and the significance level was pre-set = 0,05. Individuals from group GS were predominantly classified as obese , and the ones from group GC as eutrophic . There was a significant difference between the groups, throughout life, regarding exercising more than three times a week, altered bowel movement, daily intake of fruits, vegetables, leafy vegetables, wholegrain products and sweet, and also an intake of nuts and fastfood three times a week. There was also difference regarding inadequacy of nutrients for VitA, B12, B6 and Zinc. We can observe with this research that healthy habits seem to be related to lower risks of cognitive impairment in old age, thus more Nutrition programs for the population are needed, aimed to the health promotion and prevention of diseases.
Fronteiras da "ilegalidade": migrações não documentadas de Governador Valadares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-23)
Yamauie, Thaisa Lumie
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Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2147894099585401
Complexos de cobre (II) com bases de Schiff tridentadas, tipo ONN e tetradentadas simétricas e assimétricas, tipo ONNO: síntese e caracterização e estudos como catalisadores na oxidação de catecóis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-23)
Paulo, Luciana Batista de
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Dockal, Edward Ralph
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882360987934876
Salen-type complexes are an important class of coordination compounds and are used as catalysts in various homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Complexes of transition metals participate in many chemical processes, which make the study of these complexes very interesting. Research shows that the complexes of salen [salen = N, N'-ethylenebis (salicilidenoamina)] are efficient catalysts. Some compounds of this type have been investigated as catalysts for the oxidation of catechol. In this work three types of compounds the tetradentate ligands and symmetrical complexes, tridentate complexes and the asymmetric tetradentate complex, were synthesized. The series provided satisfactory yields. The compounds synthesized in this work were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, vibrational spectroscopy in the IR region, absorption spectra in the UV-vis, conductivity measurements and solubility. The ligands were also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. From these characterizations, comparisons were made with respect to the effects of the substituents on the aromatic ring within the same series of compounds and also compared the results obtained for different lines of work. The kinetics was performed using a spectrophotometer, following the formation of the product derived from oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol at 400 nm. Among the complexes showed catalytic activity are the symmetrical complex [Cu (salen)], kcat = 2.6 x10-2 s-1, Vmax = 1.74 x10-7 mol L-1 s-1 and the complex asymmetric [Cu (3.5 Brsalen)]ass, kcat = 4.1 x10-2s-1, Vmax = 2.72 x10-7 mol L-1 s-1 and [Cu (3.5 Br4MeO-3, 5Br'salen) ]ass, kcat = 5.2 x10-2 s-1, Vmax = 3.39 x10-7 mol L-1 s-1.
Leis de conservacão escalar: fórmula explícita e unicidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-23)
Rossini, Alex Ferreira
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Kondo, Cezar Issao
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0900348462714778
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3442840719931515
We study scalar conservation laws, with the deduction of an explicit formula of a smooth solution with compact support, we also present the behavior of the solution given by the formula when the initial value is zero outside a finite interval. In order to study the uniqueness of a given conservation law under certain hypotheses.
Estudo de influência de cobertura plástica na remoção de água de lodos de estações de tratamento de água em leitos de drenagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-23)
Reis, Renan Felicio dos
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1840510720475585
Most of Water Treatment Plant (WTP) for public supply in Brazil use surface water as source and conventional complete cycle as treatment system. In this type of treatment wastewater are restrained/generated which vary mainly according to the type and amount of chemical added and the characteristics of the water resource. This wastewater is found mainly in clarifiers (sludge) and backwash water filter (BWF) from WTP. Unfortunately, most of Brazilian WTP launches its waste directly into water resources, violating Brazilian Law 9605 published in 1998. There are mechanical and natural technologies for water removal from wastewater restrained during the treatment. Once known that wastewater from WTP has fluid characteristic, some technologies to remove its water have been developed. A natural one is the drainage bed, developed and proposed by Cordeiro (2001). The drainage bed has basically two stages: drainage and evaporation. This dissertation presents results of a study, whose centre objective was to achieve improvements in water sludge removal restrained in clarifiers by the use of plastic cover (evaporation stage). Results of effective tests in prototypes located in Sao Carlos WTP (Sao Paulo State) with plastic cover have showed that this roof (commercial reference PVC 0.30 milimeters) uses has accelerated the evaporation process, and has protected sludge from rain. The height of the roof that presented the best result was 0.20 meters in relation to the board of prototype, realizing to obtain a sludge 56% dryer than in tests without the roof. Preliminary tests in laboratory scale generated a promising scenario for the use of cationic polymer in large scale doubling the efficiency of the initial drainage of sludge. However, other laboratory tests with different characteristics of geotextile blanket only confirmed the superiority of using woven blanket type with surface density of 600 g/m² (which had already been used in other studies), compared to the others, in reference to obtain better efficiency at the initial drainage of water present in raw sludge.
Abordagem clássica e bayesiana para os modelos de séries temporais da família GARMA com aplicações para dados contínuos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-24)
Cascone, Marcos Henrique
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Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2413229482195408
In this work, the aim was to analyze in the classic and bayesian context, the GARMA model with three different continuous distributions: Gaussian, Inverse Gaussian and Gamma. We analyzed the performance and the goodness of fit of the three models, as well as the performance of the coverage percentile. In the classic analyze we consider the maximum likelihood estimator and by simulation study, we verified the consistency, the bias and de mean square error of the models. To the bayesian approach we proposed a non-informative prior distribution for the parameters of the model, resulting in a posterior distribution, which we found the bayesian estimatives for the parameters. This study still was not found in the literature. So, we can observe that the bayesian inference showed a good quality in the analysis of the serie, which can be comprove with the last section of this work. This, consist in the analyze of a real data set corresponding in the rate of tuberculosis cases in metropolitan area of Sao Paulo. The results show that, either the classical and bayesian approach, are good alternatives to describe the behavior of the real time serie.
Formação de complexos entre compostos híbridos pirrolbenzodiazepinas-cumarinas com DNA por estudos de docking molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-24)
Rodrigues, Sergio Ricardo Pizano
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Caracelli, Ignez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956527354576143
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1426286258268503
Compounds of the pirrolbenzodiazepine (PBD) family are known for their promising antitumor activity. Among these, the hybrids, those that have a portion PDB a chain spacer and another functional group, such as the coumarins of this work, have been extensively explored. It is also known that these compounds bind to DNA, but there is no structural data showing how it occurs. To overcome this lack of information molecular docking calculations were performed to study the formation of complexes between these PBD-hybrids and DNA. The compounds were modeled and the coordinates of complexes DNA-receptors with different ligands were obtained from the Protein Data Bank. The redocking served to validate the conditions of the experiments and the scores were used as the parameter to evaluate the complexes formed. The analysis of the intermolecular interactions, an essential knowledge for understanding the obtained structures were analyzed using high-resolution molecular imaging. The results of the in silico experiments showed the formation of complexes in the mixed-mode with the PBD ligand moiety intercalating between the DNA bases and the coumarin portion occupying the minor groove, and a preference for intercalation between GG bases. Moreover, it is possible to postulate that the complex becomes an adduct with the formation of a covalent bond between the intercalated portion PBD and a nucleotide base G. Finally, a correlation between the docking results and the biological activities of the studied compounds was established.
Padrões espacial e temporal do atropelamento de mamíferos em uma rodovia no cerrado brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-24)
Oliveira, Adriana Nepomuceno de
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Freitas, Simone Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4161677878228867
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8416900673023142
This thesis is divided into a general introduction on the issue of roads ecology and the main factors that lead to the general public and the animals roadkills, followed by a chapter that investigates if there is spatial and seasonal patterns of medium and big mammals roadkills in a road (SP-225) in northeast of São Paulo State, Brazil. The road is located in a region of Cerrado, semideciduous forest and riparian vegetation. Data were collected during the years 2006, 2007 until February 2008. 114 roadkills were recorded for medium and large mammals.-vehicle collision were recorded,. The two species most hit were Cerdocyon thous and Lepus europaeus, with 32 and 22 records respectively .It was analyzed if there was spatial clustering of roadkills per kilometer between Km 75-235 and noticed the Km 146- is the one that has the highest number of roadkills, with 7 records, followed by Km 115 and Km 125, with 5 and 4 records respectively. When road is divided into sections of 5 km each, the passages that had higher indices of collision were Km 145-150, followed by passage of Km 125-130, with 15 and 10 roadkills respectively. This analysis showed that the most impacted areas have been the most probable for roadkills. In these sections, it is indicate the application of mitigation measures. The temporal patterns of roadkills distribution were not clear, except in 2006, when the rainy season showed a higher rate of roadkills than dry season. Using three species as a model, it was analyzed the relationship between the landscape around the Road and roadkills frequency. Three species were chosen, the two most frequently hit (Cerdocyon thous and Lepus europaeus) and one threatened (Chrysocyon brachyurus). The roadkills of C. thous were associated to areas of reforestation and less urban, while the roadkills of L. europaeus were in areas of planting (reforestation and orange s crop). The urban areas and with less pasture were associated to the C. brachyurus roadkills.