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Análise histológica, histoquímica, histométrica e ultraestrutural de intestinos de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare DAUDIN, 1802) (Crocodilia: Reptilia) criado em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18) Aleixo, Victor Manuel; Ferraz, Rosa Helena dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9651706159626917
The commercial breeding of the Caiman yacare has been consolidated in the state of Mato Grosso as an alternative and as a legal activity for rural properties in the area of its natural occurrence, restraining predatory hunting and collaborating to the preservation of the species. The rationalization of the production process into the caiman's breading is a relatively new action, which allows obtaining better skin quality and its integral use, different from those originated from animals living in wildlife. Considering the importance of the intestines as the main organ where the major events related to obtaining nutrients for the body metabolism occur, this study aimed at characterizing qualitative and quantitatively the mucosa of the small and large intestine of the C. yacare. For the characterization of the intestinal wall structure and histometry of the mucosa, intestinal samples from 16 animals were collected for the study in the optical microscope and two others for the study in the scanning electron microscope. The samples were obtained and processed according to the respective protocols, in five regions, four from the small intestine and one from the large intestine. The stains were hematoxylin, eosin, Mallory trichomo and Picrossirius, and the histochemical techniques consisted of the reaction to periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue pH 1.0 counterstained with hematoxylin and alcian blue pH 2.5 conjugated to periodic acid-Schiff. Histometric study was used in the analysis of variance and Neuwman-Keuls test. For the description of histological structures it was used the terminology available in Nomina Histology. The wall structure of small and large intestine of the C. yacare was composed of the tunica mucosa, muscular and serosa. The mucosa was composed of epithelial lining like the simple cylindrical type made by epithelial columnar cells of the villus and goblet cells; characteristic lamina of loose connective tissue and muscular tissue from the single mucosa. The composition of the secretion of goblet cells ranged from neutral to acid. It was not observed the presence of intestinal glands. The muscular layer consisted of two decks, the circular and the longitudinal, the former being the most developed. The serosa was typical. The specializations of the mucosa observed in the small and in the large intestine, respectively, were intestinal villi and folds, and alongside the regions of the intestine, showed a reduction of its complexity. The histometric study of the mucosa showed a statistically significant difference between the small and the large intestine. The scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of one type of ridge or fold in the duodenum and two types in the other regions analyzed. They showed variation in shape, spacing, height and scale between the regions. Although the structure of the intestinal wall of C. yacare is similar to those of other crocodilians, of the green turtle and of the ostrich, it is still necessary to carry out studies about the histophysiology so that the nutritional management of the species in captivity is improved.
Questão social no Brasil: uma análise sobre o debate nas décadas de 1920 e 1930
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18) Barbosa, Aline Ramos; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7939834632437833
The transition to modernity in Brazil has its roots in the transformations engendered in Brazilian society since the mid-nineteenth century to the emblematic 1930 s Revolution. The social question, that in this context was related to capital-work conflict engedered by the economic changes occurred in the country, may has its solution take as part of universal rights generation, specifically, with reference to social rights. In Brazilian case, that don t seeks the marshallian logic, first came the social rights, in the decade of 1930, concomitantly with the suppression of political rights and strong reduction of civil rights (come and go) by varguista State. Notwithstanding, despite the evident importance of the decade of 1930 in this process, it can t be underestimated the importance of the previous years. Thus, the focus of this research is analyze the advances and continuities in relation to social question in Brazil, that, despite to be a problem always present in this country, when referred to work question, found in the decade of 1930 a solution supported in work and welfare legislations and its and cultminating in 1934 s Constitution, in the chapter referred to Social and Economic Order. That way, the question of police became a social issue, to acquire the status of political issue in the 1934 s Constitution.
Síntese e caracterização de compósitos multiferroicos de manganita La: Sr e titanatos de Ba e Sr
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18) Paranhos, Rafael Rodrigo Garofalo; Cardoso, Claudio Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0332061570052918; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4310999203376154
In this paper, we seek to prepare composite multiferroics extrinsic whose potential for technological applications, especially in the electronics industry, and the possibility of new phenomena of fundamental scientific interest made the subject multiferroics has attracted attention and efforts of the scientific community. Such composites have in its constitution the combination of ferroelectric barium titanate, strontium titanate in paraelectric and the ferromagnetic lanthanum-strontium manganite. This choice is due to the interesting magnetic properties of manganites and its strong coupling between the magnetic properties, electrical and estrututrais, leading to the occurrence of giant magnetostrição [1]. The ferroelectric chosen has a structure compatible with that of the manganite. Moreover, the possibility of adjusting the ferromagnetic transition temperature of the manganite, through chemical doping could make room for the optimization of their properties at room temperature. The synthesis method chosen was the Pechini chemical route, featuring good conditions of uniformity in their characteristics and the final conformation of the specimen was (0-3) For the characterization of the samples was proposed a protocol starting from the structural characterizations and chemical profiles using X-ray diffraction, microstructural through the electron microscope using a high-resolution physical characterizations of relative density, resistivity, dielectric and ferroelectric properties and, finally, analysis of magnetoelectric coupling. The results that deserve mention are the correct phase formation in composite materials and a good densification of the bodies of evidence, above 90%. We can observe the deterioration of electrical properties in composite materials
Efeitos de condições de monitoramento de mães sobre desempenho em supervisão de estudos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18) Christovam, Ana Carolina Camargo; Cortegoso, Ana Lúcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2767863425745220; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2550991108264200
Studies on school problems and school failure suggest that some of these problems are result of ineffective interactions between student, family and school. This is a serious concern for the educational practices, as parental involvement is also indicated as desirable behavior of parents and that has important impacts for the children's school performance. In this way, the Homework has been the subject of several studies since that role both in academic performance, and as a communication tool between school and families, and as a strategy for promoting parental involvement. Thus, to effect an action that helps the practice of parents in the education of the child, especially in the habits of study, was proposed in this study to evaluate the contingencies arranged by parents in the installation and maintenance of home study behaviors, to interfere with these contingencies from a set of interventions and assess the differential impact of these interventions for the performance of parents also tried to verify possible changes in the child's behavior due to the change in the behavior of mothers. Study participants were the teacher, three students in the first year of elementary school at a municipal school in a town in the state that had begun a project in Homework and their mothers. To perform the study, it were used a multiple-baseline design, with gradual introduction of three different experimental conditions (preparation methods for parents to deal with behaviors of study), and held subsequent sessions of the introduction of observation conditions. For data analysis, the behaviors of interest were selected according to the literature and organized in order to organize the data into five categories: behaviors related to place of study, behaviors related to study material, behaviors related to execution of task, behaviors in need of help, and behaviors related to mother-child relationship during the task. Data were analyzed for each Dyad, comparing the data obtained at different stages, and by comparing the impacts possibly generated by each of the stages in the mother's behavior to monitor for their children. It was also found possible changes in the performance of participating students from the change in behavior of mothers as educators. The results indicate the relevance of the procedure tested for promoting appropriate behavior study and was effective in modifying some aspects of the behavior of all Dyads: To observe the completion of the task, the child's manifestation of humor, Moment of providing materials, subject responsible for providing materials and subject responsible for organizing materials. Behavioral changes occurred in at least two of Dyads in relation to: quality of help offered by the mother in carrying out the task, quality of help offered in the correction of the task and the adequacy and quality of the child. It may also receive help in accomplishing the task. These results show the importance of all the conditions for the training of parents as educational agents, showing better results than the conditions seen isolated.
Estudo da técnica de ondas de tensão como instrumento de avaliação interna de árvores urbanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18) Paduelli, Marcela Candian; Sales, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7635127820758535
Arborization is fundamental in urban spaces, due to the significant benefits it provides. To important issue to guarantee the adequacy of the role it plays is its maintenance. To this purpose, an application of preventive methods of diagnosis is recommended, allowing the evaluation of external and internal conditions of tress. Currently, the analysis of urban trees is subjectivity. For a complete and secure analysis, it is important to associate this visual external analysis to an internal analysis. This could be done by applying non-destructive techniques, wich allows an internal visualization of the tree through a tomographic image, without causing it any damage. Among the non-destructive techniques, that have applicability in the internal evaluation of urban trees, the technique of stress waves can be highlighted. Considering the great benefits that this technique can provide in the evaluation of urban trees, this research seeks to verify its scientific and technique viability, analyzing its reliability and also establishing some parameters of application. Studies with 12 trees of the Caesalpinea peltophoroides species (popularly known as Sibipiruna) have been carried out. The stress waves equipment was applied to sections of 50, 90 and 130 cm from the trees basis, generating tomographic images of these sections. Afterwards, the trees were cut at the level of these sections and, in order to compare these images, some pictures of them were made. The results show that the trees waves technique presents large applicability for internal evaluation of urban trees, achieving significant results. Also some parameters for the application of this technique were established. For instance, it is necessary to determinate the speed reference of waves propagation for the interpretation of tomographic images, as well as it is to determinate the best height of the assays section. The latter consisting on the height of the diameter to the chest height (DAP), where average density of the tree is representative.
Limitação ventilatória e eficiência cardiorrespiratória de indivíduos após infarto do miocárdio recente e/ou insuficiência cardíaca crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18) Karsten, Marlus; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2183320690087782
Myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic heart failure (CHF) are among the cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality and both conditions are characterized by reduced ability to perform dynamic exercise. In CHF, the mechanisms responsible for exercise intolerance has been most widely investigated. There is a complex interaction between central and peripheral factors, including changes in lung function, reduced respiratory muscle strength and impaired autonomic modulation. However, little is known about their capacity to exercise at high altitude. The responsible factors to the functional capacity reduction in IM are unclear, especially in the early phase of recovery after hospital discharge. In this sense, two studies were developed with the purpose of assessing ventilatory limitation and cardiorespiratory efficiency in subjects with recent myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. The first was developed in two stages and involved eight men (49 ± 8 years) with uncomplicated recent MI (RMI) and ten men (48 ± 9 years) apparently healthy subjects (CG). All patients underwent pulmonary function (PF), cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a ramp (CPX) and constant load (TECC) protocol. TECC was applied at three intensities, identified in CPET, corresponding to ventilatory anaerobic threshold, plus 25% and minus 25%. At the initial step we investigated the ventilatory limitation, with exercise tidal flow-volume loop, the breathing strategy and ventilatory efficiency during exercise (VE/VCO2 slope and OUES). The RMI group presented lower expiratory reserve volume (0.9±0.3 vs. 1.8±0.5 L; p<0.05) and OUES (1836±470 vs. 2695±258; p<0.01) when compared to the CG. RMI group also demonstrated EFL during all three CWETs, whereas the CG presented EFL only during the higher intensity. In the second step we evaluated the heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) responses at the beginning of dynamic exercise at three intensities, through the kinetics analysis. The RMI time constants (_) of HR (_HR) and VO2 (_VO2) showed different response, because the _VO2 was slower than _HR. When compared to the CG, RMI presented slower _VO2 at moderate workload. In conclusion, recent uncomplicated MI is associated with reduction in oxygen uptake ventilatory efficiency, slowing of _VO2 and ventilatory limitation at dynamic exercise, even when there is no reduction in PF and respiratory muscle strength. In the second study, thirty CHF patients (NYHA I-III, 25M/5F; 59±10 years, LVEF=39.6±7.1%) treated with carvedilol were underwent to CPET and CWET. CWET was applied at 50% of the peak workload reached at CPET, in normoxia and hypoxia, to simulate a 2000 meters altitude. To identify the effect of carvedilol on the response to moderate exercise in hypoxia, we evaluated the kinetics of HR and VO2 at the initial stage of dynamic exercise and the response of these variables during the CWET. The VO2 was 20% higher in hypoxia, the _VO2 was faster in hypoxia and the _HR was faster in normoxia. Ten patients, who lowered _VO2 in hypoxia had greater HR increase during maximal CPET, suggesting lower functional betablockade. The faster _VO2 in hypoxia is likely due to a peripheral effect of carvedilol mediated either by _- or _-receptor.