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Higienismo e educação nas páginas de O Ateneu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Bercho, Carolina Fuzaro
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Bittar, Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2796440118637554
This text analyzes the schooling process in Brazil during se XIX century, questioning the formation of secondary education on the Empire of the Court. Rather, the discourse for the education, set within the broad project of social intervention, made by the medical corporation. Aiming to examine more precisely the representations medicalhygienic, we used two tipes os sources: two theses by graduating in medicine from the mid XIX century, and the romance of memories: O Ateneu, written by the intellectual Raul Pompéia in 1888. Aiming to examine the proposal set out in the literature in conjunction with the medical-civilizing project for youth in Rio de Janeiro, as well as highlight the importance of hygiene and the orientation mechanism of the everyday practices of school time.
O uso da simulação em ergonomia de concepção: uma reflexão a partir do projeto de uma cabine de ponte rolante em uma refinaria de petróleo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Silverio, Michel
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2996612750156443
Despite the benefits provided by the ergonomic approach to the design process, their participation is still limited, given that the specifics of workers as gestures and reasoning, in most cases, are not covered by the professionals responsible for developing new systems work. Thus, this work is to present a case study involving the practice of ergonomic design in the development of a crane cab in a petroleum refining industry. For this, we developed an Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA), used as the basis for the development of concepts supported by sketches, plans and digital models. It was also used as a way of representing the human-environment system, digital human dummy that gave rise to the scenarios used in the construction of simulated situations. These situations were aimed at the confrontation of different representations of the members of the design process. From the conclusions of the case study, we presented the constraints and the contributions that simulation can bring to the process of designing work situations, whether in the construction of scenarios, or in simulated situations or participating in ergonomic designs.
O extrativismo de castanha-do-brasil Bertholletia excelsa (Humbl. & Bonpl.) no rio Madeira, Rondônia: bases para uma gestão ambiental participativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Santos, Raquel Rodrigues dos
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Nordi, Nivaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4077740709764864
The approaches of socio-ecological systems, resilience, and adaptive management suggest new forest governance arrangements that include the participation of marginalized rural people in territorial management. These approaches require efforts of scientists and managers to deal with local knowledge and with the social institutions that govern resource access and use by these people. This research was conducted in two communities of the Lower Madeira River (São Carlos and Cuniã) and the objectives were: (i) to characterize the Brazil nut Bertholletia excelsa (Humb. & Bonpl.) harvest based on harvest practices and local knowledge; (ii) to characterize the official land tenure and the customary property rights regimes in the harvest areas within and around the protected areas where co-management between government and local communities is officially assumed; (iii) to determine whether there are discrepancies between official land tenure and customary property rights regimes in those areas; and (iv) to verify the influence of customary property rights regimes on specie's management, and which regime or regime arrangements are more likely to promote the conservation of the harvest areas and the species. Qualitative and ethnographic methods were used with semi-structured and open-ended questionnaires, participatory observation, and mapping with Brazil nut harvesters from the two communities and other stakeholders. The data were interpreted from the perspective of ethnoecology ("etnoecologia abrangente"), human ecology and property rights regimes. The results suggest that: (i) the existing local knowledge in the region is extensive and driven by environmental feedbacks and therefore should be considered for adaptive comanagement; (ii) the organization and dynamics in the harvest areas are complex and differ from the official land tenure; (iii) the management practices that contribute to conservation of B. excelsa are more likely to remain in property regime arrangements between state and community, since these regimes have less conflicts and uncertainty in relation to harvest areas access and use.
Atrator no sentido pullback e trajetórias completas extremas para problemas governados pelo p-Laplaciano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Capelato, Erika
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Gentile, Cláudia Buttarello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1295174684198407
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6192405950709744
We study non-autonomous problems with the main part given by the p- Laplacian and establish existence results of pullback attractor, comparison of solutions and existence of a maximal and a minimal complete trajectories. In bounded smooth domains we assume rather general conditions on the perturbative operator and we admit the process associated with the problem being multivalued. We obtain analogous results for systems in Rn with further restrictions in perturbative terms in such way that we deal with a univocal process.
Desenvolvimento de projetos sobre meio ambiente para o ensino-aprendizagem de conceitos físicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Gouveia, Riama Coelho
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2500065916129657
The environment is a complex issue that involves knowledge of several areas of science. Environmental problems are becoming increasingly important for peaple around de world, both in direct confrontation of pollution or disasters and through the media, when it releases the global warming or the hole in the ozone layer. The high school students establish contact with environmental issues, plus the prior knowledge they acquire at the fundamental level, so the environment which be use as context for the discussion of diverse subject matter of physics. From another point of view, discussion of environmental issues in the classroom meets the education of citizens aware of the world they live in, the relations men establish with nature, and so able an active participation seeking for emancipation. Taking advantage of these features of environment were developed projects involving teachers from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo campus Sertãozinho, of physics, chemistry, biology, portuguese and sociology, and students of classes 1 and 2 years High School integrated with the Technical Education in Chemistry and Industrial Automation. The topics discussed in the projects, a total of eight distributed between the years 2009 and 2010, were chosen by the group of students and teachers involved and the methodology used was action research, emphasizing the participation and active cooperation of all during the entire process, since the organization of the steps to the analysis of results. The work included research in bibliographical sources, writing papers, discussions in the classroom, build experiments, making banners, preparation of seminars and presentations at events type science fairs. The data for analysis were collected through several sources: the researcher's daily log, photographic records, questionnaires, interviews, school documents and work produced by students. The materials and student responses to questions on proposed assessments showed a good understanding of the physics concepts treated in projects and a greater engagement about school knowledge. Every group involved has recognized the role of social work, in the sense that a better understanding of environmental problems contributes to the training staff and enables a more conscious action in the community. During the development of research other aspects appeared: the eminently interdisciplinaity of environmental problemas as a teaching resource and the motivation of students to conduct research, make experiments and public presentation, characteristics that are necessary for the implementation of system projects. On the other hand, the activities showed the difficulties of teamwork, both among teachers and among students, what unfortunately is not restricted to this project or the educational system, but it is present in various moments of life in society. vi Despite the difficulties the objectives were achieved, thus demonstrating the contribution of the inclusion of environmental issues for the teaching-learning process, particularly in the physical component of the curriculum. However, there is much to research, about the themes that can be explored and how to use the environment as a truly interdisciplinary proposal.
Redução do biofilme de Streptococcus mutans sobre um material restaurador dentário modificado com nanopartículas de prata – estudo in vitro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Agnelli, Patricia Bolzan
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4261719492756858
The bacterium Streptococcus mutans is one of the main initiators species of biofilm and is related to the etiology of caries. Currently there have been many studies investigating ways to reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on biomaterials, in order to prevent diseases and infections, such as the use of silver nanoparticles embedded in the materials. However, few studies have investigated the benefits of these particles in materials that are utilized within the oral cavity. The main objective of this research was to compare biofilm formation of this specie on the composite resin in its commercial form today and an experimental composite resin, which were added silver nanoparticles, which are bactericidal, using a method of counting viable cells recovered from the biofilms. Were produced cylindrical specimens of 4 mm in height and circular base of 4 mm in diameter, resin and resin with nanoparticles at three different concentrations, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6% by mass. They were incubated in liquid medium with sucrose, containing about 108 CFU/ml, to cause bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro. The count of viable cells from the samples was made after the disintegration of biofilms on them adhered in ultrasonic tank, and was performed after 1 day, 4 days and 7 days of incubation. Considering the mean and standard deviation values, the results showed that on the experimental resins with concentrations of 0.3% and 0.6% of silver nanoparticles, the number of adhered bacterial cells was lower than in resin in its commercial form today, no silver, and also smaller than the resin to 0.1% in the three incubation periods studied. The scanning electron micrograph of a biofilm of S. mutans adhered to the surface of each specimen was also performed after the same time intervals, and allowed morphological analysis of the structure of cells and cell clusters attached to surfaces. A compression test was also performed to verify if the inclusion of antibacterial nanoparticles in the resin does not affect the mechanical performance of the same. The results of this trial showed that the resin with 0.3% concentration of nanoparticle had a better mechanical properties in compression, and resin with a concentration of 0.6% worse performance, compared with the resin without silver nanoparticles, It was concluded that the composites with 0.3% silver nanoparticles are advantageous for clinical application, because it showed how a material less favorable to bacterial adhesion, without prejudice to its mechanical resistance. They may therefore benefit patients, assisting in the prevention of recurrent caries, which occur around the margins of restorations, and in the maintenance of good oral hygiene.
Aplicação de ZnO nanoestruturado na agricultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Fattobene, André Luiz Evangelista
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842928655195216
In this study we attempted to produce two fertilizers with ZnO nanoparticles and also attempted to characterize and apply them in order to establish a comparison between the distribution of particle sizes and levels of implementation, using as basis a micronized commercial fertilizer keeping the concentration. To produce these fertilizers it was used the technologie called Top-Down using the technique of high energy milling among with characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun (SEM-FEG), analysis of micrographs using the software ImageJ obtaining the distribution of particle size, analysis of content and heavy metals by an ICP-OES, pH, specific gravity, viscosity and premature aging test. It was noticed that during the aging tests there was a precipitation, what indicated that the suspending agent was not effective. After a year and three months the distributions of particle size was analyzed and there was no significant change, demonstrating that the increased amount of dispersant was appropriate. The agronomic tests were divided into two phases, the first one was used to collect data about which of the two fertilizers would have the best performance and the second one was used to understand what the correct dosage and the best way of application. At the first test it was only possible to notice the difference between the two at a dosage of 37.5 ml/ha, the smallest of all. The fertilizer Nano Zinc 5 produced the better results. At the second test, when the fertilizer Nano Zinc 5 was tested in various dosages and applications at seeds and leaves, the best result in mg/kg at the leaf and grain was the 50 mL. The applications that have brought higher average number of seeds per pod were the one with 100 mL/ha by seed, 50 mL/ha via seed and 100 mL/ha on the leaves. The applications that have brought greater average weight of grain per plant were 200 mL/ha by leaves, 100 mL/ha by leaves, 50 ml/ha by seeds, 200 mL/ha by seeds and 100 mL/ha by seeds. Regarding productivity, applications with higher productivity are in the same sequence of average mass per grain. These results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of producing a fertilizer on the nanometer scale.
Caracterização ambiental da bacia do Alto Jacaré-Guaçu (experimentos laboratoriais e in situ): elaboração de sedimentos sintéticos para avaliação da toxicidade do cádmio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Rodrigues, Beatriz Kawamura
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Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7920949423765971
The Alto Jacaré-Guaçu Basin was evaluated regarding limnological and ecotoxicological aspects in four water and sediment sampling campaigns at 14 points distributed in the area. Toxicity tests with water, in the laboratory and in situ, showed chronic toxicity, with effects on the survival, growth and gill morphology of juveniles of both fish species examined (Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata). The lowest survival percentages in the laboratory assays were observed for point L, and in the field tests for point J1. The analysis of the gills revealed first-stage alterations in the specimens of both species exposed at all the sample points, and there were second-stage alterations (aneurism and vascular congestion) at various points. The high concentrations of nutrients and metals in the basin s water and sediments reveal a system impacted by human activities in the surrounding region. The analyses of metals quantified Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Fe levels in the water above those permitted by the Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA 357/05), and of Cd in the sediments above the threshold levels permitted both by national (CONAMA 344/04) and international regulations (CCME, 2003). Simple synthetic sediments were prepared composed of sand, clay and organic matter (obtained from the aquatic macrophyte Scirpus cubensis, at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%) to assess the toxicity of Cd. The synthetic sediments were viable for the growth and survival of Ceriodaphnia silvestrii, Chironomus xanthus and Danio rerio, and were suitable for use in spiked experiments. The evaluation of the acute toxicity of the sediments fortified with Cd indicated mean 48-h;EC50 for C. silvestrii of 3.09mg.Kg-1 in the sediments with 0% OM and 2.98mg.Kg-1 in the sediments with 1% OM. The mean 96-h;LC50 for C. xanthus was 18.67 mg.Kg-1 in the sediments with 0% OM and nearly four times lower in those with 1% OM (4.93 mg.Kg-1). A similar pattern was noted for D. rerio, a higher 48-h;LC50 in the sediments with 0% OM (114.88 mg.Kg-1) than in the sediments with 1% OM (75.31 mg.Kg-1). In subsequent experiments, the sediments were also spiked with 0.6mg.Kg-1 of Cd, a concentration considered safe for protection of aquatic life according to the applicable national and international regulations. In these tests, the survival of C. silvestrii was impaired in the Cd spiked sediments, so it was not possible to assess the effects on reproduction. There were also effects on the survival, biomass, mentum morphology and Cd concentration in the tissues of C. xanthus. For D. rerio, the survival and growth were compromised in the sediments with higher percentage of organic matter. Besides this, the organisms showed impaired gill morphology and higher Cd concentration in tissue in function of exposure to sediments spiked with the metal. Based on the results, it can be concluded that C. silvestrii was the most sensitive species to the sediments fortified with Cd, followed by C. xanthus and D. rerio, the least sensitive. These effects on the iv organisms at concentrations considered safe for the biota suggest more conservative thresholds of this metal should be established for tropical aquatic habitats.
Merleau-Ponty e a crise da razão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Marques, Rodrigo Vieira
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3984221131754417
ABSTRACT This work takes its point of departure in Merleau-Ponty s Philosophy, centered in the notion of Crisis of Reason , basing itself on the presupposition that this is a fundamental concept of contemporary phenomenology. In the Cartesian thought, already it was possible to find the idea of the crisis, however, it was the finding of a crisis of sciences . Something similar was also in Valery, especially when he speaks of a crisis of spirit . The novelty of Husserl was exactly in showing that the crisis, as he lived it, was deeper, shook the Reason itself. This work assumes the task of showing that, not limiting to a crisis of sciences, of the spirit or of Reason itself, Merleau-Ponty discusses a present crisis in the man himself, or rather, in the diverse points of view that has about him. In this sense, his philosophical project is based, primarily, on the attempt to establish a dialogue with the points of view of the philosophy and of the science. Therefore, an inquiry of the divergence of these points, is warranted, elucidating not only the scenario in which the conflict is, but also its genesis. Likewise, starting from a Merleau-Pontian understanding of the crisis, finally, this study also assumes the task of asking about the repercussions of this crisis in the relation of philosophical knowledge to itself, then, in the way of his own philosophy to understand its history, being, therefore, the importance of this incursion in the desire to explain what, according to Merleau-Ponty, would be a possible way of overcoming.
Estudo cinético da hidrólise enzimática de celulose de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Carvalho, Mirella Lucas de
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3375214335297840
This work presents a kinetic study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of three cellulosic substrates: filter paper (FP), used as a de-lignified substrate model; sugarcane bagasse (SB) steam exploded; and acid treated SB, the last two treated with 4% NaOH. All SB were chemically characterized. Hydrolysis experiments to study the influence of agitation and substrate concentration were performed in shaker, using Accellerase® 1500, Genencor, at pH 4.8, in 50mM sodium citrate buffer. To verify the substrate concentration effect, cellulose load (weightsubstrate/weighttotal) was 0.5%-13% (for FP) and 0.99%-9.09% (for SB). For FP, the role of the external mass transport resistance was not significant when the agitation speed was in the range 150-300 rpm. It was possible to fit a pseudo-homogeneous Michaelis-Menten model for substrate concentrations up to 13% (w/w). Preliminary tests fitting the model proposed by Chrastil (CHRASTIL J. Enzymic product formation curves with the normal or diffusion limited reaction mechanism and in the presence of substrate receptors, Int. J. Biochem., v. 20, No. 7, p. 683, 1988) indicated that the role of diffusion through the external film was a more relevant feature for steam exploded SB than for FP, at higher concentrations of substrate. It was possible to fit a pseudo-homogeneous model for steam exploded SB, within a range of cellulose concentrations from 0.99% to 3.85% (w/w). Product inhibition had to be considered by the model. For higher loads of steam exploded SB, a modified Michaelis- Menten model, appropriate for heterogeneous systems with high diffusion resistance, was fitted. Finally, for the highly recalcitrant acid treated SB, Chrastil models were fitted. As expected, the complexity of this system regarding to the substrate and to the pool of enzymes acting in synergy, makes difficult the use of one single lumped parameter model for all hydrolysis operation conditions.
Modelos estatísticos para LGD : uma visão clássica e bayesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Varga, Maria Clara Mecatte
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
Every day in financial institution is common to nd customers who are unable to honor their commitments. When this occurs we say that the individual is in default. In a possible economic downturn the portfolio could su_er losses due to excessive default clients and high loss rates. At this stage it is essential that financial institutions have a capital reserve to absorb this potential loss. This reserve is known as economic capital. We examined four different models, Normal, Log-Normal, Logit-Normal and Beta Regression, used to determine the individual loss rate, since the client is in default, also known as LGD (Loss Given Default). Such models are used to determine the economic capital. In the models, both the default and LGD depend on a single systematic risk factor, which describes the state of the economy. This means that we considered that the event of default and LGD are correlated. We describe in detail for the four models, two ways of calculating economic capital, using the asymptotic approximation of the distribution of loss rate and the normal approximation. Through a simulation study, we compared the different estimates of economic capital. A bayesian approach to the Beta Regression model is developed modeling mean and dispersion parameter jointly.
Pré-tratamento alcalino (NaOH) do bagaço de cana-de açúcar para a produção de etanol e obtenção de xilooligômeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Nascimento, Viviane Marcos
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8560315748041202
The aim of this study was to optimize the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse raw and exploded with diluted sulfuric acid, water and sodium hydroxide in order to obtain Xylooligosaccharides in hemicellulose and production of second generation ethanol. The experiments with sugarcane bagasse and exploded with diluted acid and water respectively were performed according to the methodology CCRD (Central Composite Rotatable Design) with two replications at the center point response variables were: amount of xylose (g), acid concentration acetic acid and furfural (g / l) and xyllo-oligomers yield (%). Pretreatment with sodium hydroxide was carried out with sugarcane bagasse according to the methodology of factorial design with two replications at the central point in order to evaluate the influence of time of pretreatment (t), and hydroxide concentration sodium in the release of sugars after hydrolysis. The pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with fresh H2SO4 concentration 0.8% v / v, 13 minutes at 100 º C allowed 94% extraction of xylan in the form of scyllo-oligomers, with a minimum of xylose, furfural and acetic acid showing as a condition favorable for the extraction of XOS production. The pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse was used only blown hot water already there due to acetic acid, due to the fact that exploded bagasse have already undergone a process of pre-treatment self-hydrolysis at the plant. Provided by washing with water in the ratio 1:5 (w / v) for 5 minutes at 70 ° C allowed the extraction of 80% xylose from bagasse which was already dissolved in the material, this fraction was 62.5% in the form oligomers. If this condition is unfavorable for the production of XOS is great because the production of monomer (xylose), which required a purification step which is very costly. If ethanol is the desired end product is a slight increase in the need of pretreatment conditions for improved xylose production by hydrolysis step by the enzyme xylanase or using acid as catalyst. For the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse early experiments proved inconclusive for obtaining a correlation between the length, amount of NaOH used in the hydrolysis and fermentation yields. With the experimental design was obtained for 7% NaOH, 30 minutes (min.) 76% of hydrolysis efficiency with a maximum production of glucose 62 g / l and 90% efficiency of fermentation with an average yield of 20g / L ethanol. The materials were characterized chemically and physically before and after the stages of pretreatment showing the openness and better availability of fibers for the enzymatic process.
Habilidades sociais de crianças com diferentes necessidades educacionais especiais: comparações múltiplas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Freitas, Lucas Cordeiro
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9607932972038616
Evaluation studies about social skills of children have shown that in general there is an impairment of social skills in learning disabilities, sensory disabilities and other conditions of special educational needs. However, there is a gap in the literature as to a broader comparison of social skills of a greater diversity of populations of children, including sensory disabilities, mental retardation, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, behavior problems, learning disabilities, among others. The paucity of comparative studies to evaluate children with different special needs has hindered the production of empirical knowledge about specific issues to each population. Moreover, the lack of comparative evaluation studies has been an obstacle to the identification of needs that might guide the goals of educational and therapeutic interventions in social skills among children with different developmental characteristics. This study aimed to fill part of this gap and its goals was: (a) to compare, based on teacher evaluation, the repertoire of social skills of children from 12 different groups of special educational needs among themselves and with the normative sample of the Social Skills Rating System- SSRS-BR (Autism, Hearing Impairment, Mild Mental Retard, Moderate Mental Retard, Visual Impairment, Phonological Disorder, Learning Disabilities, Giftedness and Talent, Externalizing Behavior Problems, Internalizing Behavior Problems, Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), (b) identify resources and deficits in social skills from each of the 12 groups and (c) assess the degree of prediction of different special educational needs on the repertoire of social skills of the children. Teachers of 120 students in regular and special schools, aged between six and 14 years, from four states, responded to the SSRS-BR to assess the social skills of their students. The results showed that the special needs that had a lower frequency of social skills compared to the other were also the best predictor of deficits in this area, according to the regression analysis performed: ADHD, Autism, Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems and Externalizing Behavior Problems. Furthermore, the groups that most often presented these skills were Gifted and Talented, Children with Visual Impairment and Mild Mental Retard. The comparative analysis identified resources and deficits in specific social skills to each of the 12 participating groups. The results were discussed in relation to the intervention needs of each population, providing possible educational and therapeutic implications.
Catalisadores à base de Mo, CoMo e NiMo incorporados por impregnação ou in situ em γ-Al2O3, ZrO2 e γ-Al2O3-ZrO2 - avaliação na hidrodessulfurização do tiofeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Baston, Eduardo Prado
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1277176561519941
The preparation of Mo, CoMo or NiMo catalysts supported on -Al2O3, ZrO2 and - Al2O3-ZrO2 was studied. The zirconia contend added into alumina was 20 or 40 % wt.. The supports were synthesized via sol-gel and impregnation or direct addition in the synthesis mixture were used to incorporate the metals. The solids were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRD), Zeta potential, N2 adsorption/desorption, hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2- TPR), ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS-UVvis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and evaluated in the HDS of thiophene used as model molecule. The results showed that the synthesis via sol-gel allowed the formation of the above supports with high specific surface area, with zirconia being highly distributed in the alumina framework. The metal incorporation through impregnation or in situ led to catalysts with Mo, Co or Ni species highly dispersed. The activity data of the thiophene HDS on these catalysts indicated a promoter effect of the incorporation of about 20% of zirconia in the alumina that was simultaneous to the well known Co or Ni promoter character, this evidencing that the Mo activity is affected by the nature of the promoter metal and the textural and physico-chemical properties of the supports, which are strongly involved in the HDS mechanism. The main products of the thiophene HDS were butene-1, n-butane, trans-butene-2 and cis-butene-2, result that corroborates the high selective nature of the Mo based catalysts. Due to the close values of the specific reaction rate of the thiophene HDS on the studied catalysts, it can be concluded that the in situ preparation led to catalysts with very similar properties to those prepared by traditional impregnation. This result is highly attractive from a commercial point of view because it eliminates several steps in the catalysts preparation process, therefore, decreasing the preparation time and costs of labor and energy.
A gestão da demanda em cadeias de suprimentos: um estudo no setor atacadista distribuidor de produtos de mercearia básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-29)
Melo, Daniela de Castro
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6156975969568772
Demand management is an emerging topic in supply chain management. It is focused on a fast and adequate integration of supplier needs in order to balance and strategically align demand with operational capability in the supply chain. The lack of demand alignment deals with problems in supply chain, which leads to inefficient customer service, poor stock rotation, and high obsolescence rate aggravated by the wide diversity of products. The objective of this thesis was to develop a framework for demand management in the supply chain of grocery products considering the dyadic relationship between the supplier and the wholesale. The research revealed that the framework can be divided into 1) determining factors for the implementation of demand management between the wholesale and supplier and 2) the implementation process of the demand management between these firms. The determining factors involve strategic intent; internal alignment of the strategic policies; supplier segmentation; customer segmentation; reward, expertise, legitimate power and collaborative supply chain orientation. The implementation of this process can be divided into three phases: 1) joint alignment of strategic policies, 2) formulation of business plan and 3) implementation and monitoring of the business plan. Moreover, this process has four elements that permeate it: top management involvement, inter and intra-firm interactions, challenges and benefits of demand management. The benefits reflect on a reduction of the effect of the demand amplification, profitability by improving efficiency and effectiveness, as well as knowledge sharing and learning.
O Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia e o PROEJA : o caso do campus de Vitória da Conquista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-29)
Fernandes, Marta Quadros
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Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7718442724224231
This dissertation is the result of the master s research whose general objective was to investigate the current status of the National Program for Integrating Professional Education with Basic Education in the Modality of Youths and Adults Education PROEJA, at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia IFBA, Campus of Vitória da Conquista, in order to verify the effectiveness of the Program and its scope for the public to which it is intended. Based on studies on education by Marxist theorists, the researcher analyzed data on the history of the Brazilian professional education. Therefore, in order to reach the desired end, one proceeded to the literature review on the history of education in Brazil, to the study of official documents from the implantation of PROEJA, to applying questionnaires and an interview guide with students from the Medium Level Computer Technician Course of this modality, teachers, administrative staff, managers and students from the Specialization Course in PROEJA. The research started from the assumption that the current public policies of youths and adults education have not yet achieved their intent to give access to school and the consequent permanence to a significant percentage of those Brazilians who have not completed the studies within the so-called regular time. Thus, they prove ineffective. The text is structured into five chapters. In the first, there is an overview of the history of the Brazilian professional education in the political, social and economical context of the early twentieth century until the end of the military dictatorship focusing on the populism phenomenon. In the second, public policies of professional education and youths and adults education in the 1990 s are situated. The third chapter deals with the origin of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia IFBA, its evolution and development. Also in this chapter is included the Campus of Vitória da Conquista, the locus of the Program and Course being analyzed. The fourth chapter dealt with exposing the issue around public policies for youths, especially in the educational sector, and their relationship with secondary education. In the last chapter, the fifth, PROEJA is presented as a government program designed to overcome the precarious professional schooling of Brazilian youths and adults. The focus of the research turns, in this chapter, towards the Medium Level Computer Technician Course in PROEJA by IFBA Campus of Vitória da Conquista. Data analysis leads to the realization that, in spite of making some progress, public policies in the education sector, aimed at popular classes, still present in its core the mark of populism that was present for many decades in the twentieth century, which ends up confirming the social inequality imposed by class division for not promoting the universalization of education quality. In the specific case of PROEJA, the Program needs to find its place in the network of federal technical schools and then effect its proposal to provide youths and adults with the professional training integrated to the secondary education able to give them conditions for improving their lives and survival in an increasingly individualistic and competitive society.
Ensino médio no estado de São Paulo: desafios na escolarização de alunos com deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-29)
Cruz, Rosangela Aparecida Silva da
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7548299206132781
The objectives of this study were writing and reflecting about: a) the treatment given to students with deficiencies by school in secondary education; b) the school census statistic data regarding early enrollments for secondary and special education nationwide and in the State of São Paulo. We followed a qualitative approach, analyzing official documents of the scholar census of different established governments, and using the group focus technique we interviewed three special education teachers and six regular education teachers. We also performed four individual interviews with high school students with deficiencies two of them also attended the resources classrooms. The analyzed data showed the increasing number of enrollments in high school and special education showed the evolution of enrollments in high school and special education (by age), and the advances and ruptures of enrollments in high school (by grade). We reviewed teachers and students' testimonials in four thematic axes: a) the inclusive classroom context; b) the resources classroom context; c) teachers' work conditions; d) permanency conditions in public school. The results we found reveal that challenges of SEE-SP are related to the expansion of resources classroom attendance to places near students' houses as it is related to the structure of school transport. This study can contribute to discussions about limits and challenges of education in the State of São Paulo. The inclusive classroom and the resources classroom could become a reality that relies on more than guaranteed school access, because offering students conditions to stay in school is utterly necessary, as well as providing better conditions for the teachers' work.
Pré-tratamento organossolve do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para a produção de etanol e obtenção de xilooligômeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-29)
Wolf, Lucia Daniela
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9019547473114281
Sugarcane bagasse is an abundant lignocelulosic byproduct, due to the high ethanol production from sugarcane juice, which turns this residue an attractive alternative for obtaining cellulosic ethanol and other products of higher value added. However, the use of bagasse requires a pre-treatment step for better use of its fractions. It was proposed in this study, an evaluation of different operational conditions of bagasse Organsolv pre-treatment, followed or not by alkaline delignification, acid catalyzed or not, aiming the application of cellulose to ethanol production and xylan to produce xylo-oligosaccharides (XO). The pretreatment reactions were conducted in a high pressure reactor (Parr) under different temperature conditions (150, 170 and 190°C), time (10, 30, 60 and 90min), ethanol concentration (30, 50 and 70%), with solid:liquid ratio of 1:10 (w/v) and stirring speed of 300 rpm. The pre-treatments with higher severity factor were followed by delignification with 1% NaOH (w/v) at 100°C for 1 hour. Acid catalysis with 1% H2SO4 (w/w) was used in the pretreatment condition at 190°C/10min/50%ethanol with or without the alkaline delignification step. The evaluation of pre-treatment efficiency was carried out using structural, chemical and gravimetric characterization of the obtained solid fraction, cellulose enzymatic conversion in the hydrolysis of this fraction and ethanol yield after hydrolisate fermentation. The liquid fraction was characterized with respect to its xylan yield and the ratio obtained between xylan oligomers and xylose. The conditions of higher severity factor presented higher lignin and hemicelulose solubilization with average values of 80% and 86,3%, respectively, and average cellulose degradation of 2,4%. The same conditions, when associated with alkaline delignification, led to a increase on lignin and hemicelulose solubilization, 89,7% and 96,8%, respectively. However, the average initial cellulosic fraction loss of 14% was depicted. The use of acid catalyst, despite having promoted increase in solubilization of lignin (4%) and hemicelulose (12%), led to a expressive degradation of the cellulosic fraction, with mass loss of 34% and 12,6%, with and without alkaline delignification, respectively. The pre-treatment condition at 190°C/10min/50%ethanol promoted a higher enzymatic conversion (61,2%) with cellulose degradation of only 1% and after alkaline delignification step, reached 88,2%. The alkaline delignification led to a conversion increase for all the conditions tested, but also led to significant cellulose losses. On the other hand, the use of the acid catalyst had no significant effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. The fermentation of the hydrolisates was equally satisfactory for all the conditions evaluated, with average yield of 80%. The SEM analysis showed changes on the morphological structure of the fiber compared to the in natura bagasse, for the different pre-treatment conditions. The black liquor obtained after the pretreatment was evaluated with respect to its hemicelulosic fraction, obtaining 54,5% of xylooligomers and only 2% of xylose at the best condition (170°C/60min/50%ethanol), with 75% of recovery yield of xylan initially present in the bagasse.
Tamanho populacional de lobos-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) em uma área protegida de cerrado no sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-30)
Ramalho, Fernanda do Passo
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2267433036206158
The Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is listed among the threatened extinction species in Brazil due to loss of its natural habitat to agriculture and frequent roadkill. Aiming to determinate the population size of C. brachyurus into a Ecological Station in the northeast of Sao Paulo State (Estação Ecológica do Jataí EEJ), a non invasive method genetic analysis of feces was employed to confirm the specie findings which deposit the feces, in accordance of morphological characteristics and specific scent of the C. brachyurus specie. Through a panel of five loci microsatellite was possible to identify each collected sample. Among the 41 stool samples, we identified 13 specimens of C. brachyurus in the EEJ. The probability of identity (PID) was 0.8 x 10 -6 and the probability of not detecting allelic (allelic dropout) was 16.2%. There was no imbalance linkage between the analyzed loci. Values for C. brachyurus internal heterozygosity were rated low. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) average was 0.52 and expected heterozygosity (He) average was 0.72. The number of alleles per locus was found to be 5.4. In the analysis of Hardy-Weinberg were found three loci that showed some deviations, after Bonferroni correction: loci 2018, 2054 and 2140. Fis values were highly significant for all into the situ population. The degree of relatedness of individuals, or varied of 0.000 (not relative) to 0.5253 (father and son), indicating that there are related animals in the area. Tests conducted to determine the gender of the samples of C. brachyurus were not found satisfactory results, once the expected fragments were not amplified in any of the tests and in none of the samples. The estimation of the population size of the C. brachyurus in the area of EEJ may be used as reference of management action plans of species conservation.
Avaliação integrada da poluição em dois estuários do Espírito Santo, Brasil por meio de biomarcadores e análises químicas no ambiente e em Centropomus parallelus Poey, 1860
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-30)
Souza, Iara da Costa
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391583114634391
Estuarine and coastal regions are often impacted by various anthropogenic influences derived from industries, port activities, agriculture and sewage. Two Brazilian estuaries (Piraque-açu - ES and Santa Maria - ES) were evaluated in order to correlate genetic, biochemical, morphological and physiological biomarkers determined in the fish Centropomus parallelus with water quality parameters, metals in superficial and interstitial water and sediments. Integrated physical and chemical parameters were measured in Victoria Bay and Santa Cruz during the winter and summer. Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Ag, Cd, Pb, Hg were observed in samples of water, interstitial water, sediment and fish muscle. Biomarkers include the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear alterations, NKA activity, histopathological changes and cellular chloride. The biomarkers showed changes mostly at reversible, triggering mild to moderate level of contamination. The characteristics of the estuary, as organic matter and dissolved oxygen are correlated with the concentration of metals present in C. parallelus, influencing the bioavailability of the same. The combined use of biomarkers to measures of water quality shows the importance of assessing the degree of contamination and its consequences for aquatic biota.