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Caracterização ambiental da bacia do Alto Jacaré-Guaçu (experimentos laboratoriais e in situ): elaboração de sedimentos sintéticos para avaliação da toxicidade do cádmio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Rodrigues, Beatriz Kawamura
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Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7920949423765971
The Alto Jacaré-Guaçu Basin was evaluated regarding limnological and ecotoxicological aspects in four water and sediment sampling campaigns at 14 points distributed in the area. Toxicity tests with water, in the laboratory and in situ, showed chronic toxicity, with effects on the survival, growth and gill morphology of juveniles of both fish species examined (Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata). The lowest survival percentages in the laboratory assays were observed for point L, and in the field tests for point J1. The analysis of the gills revealed first-stage alterations in the specimens of both species exposed at all the sample points, and there were second-stage alterations (aneurism and vascular congestion) at various points. The high concentrations of nutrients and metals in the basin s water and sediments reveal a system impacted by human activities in the surrounding region. The analyses of metals quantified Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Fe levels in the water above those permitted by the Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA 357/05), and of Cd in the sediments above the threshold levels permitted both by national (CONAMA 344/04) and international regulations (CCME, 2003). Simple synthetic sediments were prepared composed of sand, clay and organic matter (obtained from the aquatic macrophyte Scirpus cubensis, at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%) to assess the toxicity of Cd. The synthetic sediments were viable for the growth and survival of Ceriodaphnia silvestrii, Chironomus xanthus and Danio rerio, and were suitable for use in spiked experiments. The evaluation of the acute toxicity of the sediments fortified with Cd indicated mean 48-h;EC50 for C. silvestrii of 3.09mg.Kg-1 in the sediments with 0% OM and 2.98mg.Kg-1 in the sediments with 1% OM. The mean 96-h;LC50 for C. xanthus was 18.67 mg.Kg-1 in the sediments with 0% OM and nearly four times lower in those with 1% OM (4.93 mg.Kg-1). A similar pattern was noted for D. rerio, a higher 48-h;LC50 in the sediments with 0% OM (114.88 mg.Kg-1) than in the sediments with 1% OM (75.31 mg.Kg-1). In subsequent experiments, the sediments were also spiked with 0.6mg.Kg-1 of Cd, a concentration considered safe for protection of aquatic life according to the applicable national and international regulations. In these tests, the survival of C. silvestrii was impaired in the Cd spiked sediments, so it was not possible to assess the effects on reproduction. There were also effects on the survival, biomass, mentum morphology and Cd concentration in the tissues of C. xanthus. For D. rerio, the survival and growth were compromised in the sediments with higher percentage of organic matter. Besides this, the organisms showed impaired gill morphology and higher Cd concentration in tissue in function of exposure to sediments spiked with the metal. Based on the results, it can be concluded that C. silvestrii was the most sensitive species to the sediments fortified with Cd, followed by C. xanthus and D. rerio, the least sensitive. These effects on the iv organisms at concentrations considered safe for the biota suggest more conservative thresholds of this metal should be established for tropical aquatic habitats.
Merleau-Ponty e a crise da razão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Marques, Rodrigo Vieira
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3984221131754417
ABSTRACT This work takes its point of departure in Merleau-Ponty s Philosophy, centered in the notion of Crisis of Reason , basing itself on the presupposition that this is a fundamental concept of contemporary phenomenology. In the Cartesian thought, already it was possible to find the idea of the crisis, however, it was the finding of a crisis of sciences . Something similar was also in Valery, especially when he speaks of a crisis of spirit . The novelty of Husserl was exactly in showing that the crisis, as he lived it, was deeper, shook the Reason itself. This work assumes the task of showing that, not limiting to a crisis of sciences, of the spirit or of Reason itself, Merleau-Ponty discusses a present crisis in the man himself, or rather, in the diverse points of view that has about him. In this sense, his philosophical project is based, primarily, on the attempt to establish a dialogue with the points of view of the philosophy and of the science. Therefore, an inquiry of the divergence of these points, is warranted, elucidating not only the scenario in which the conflict is, but also its genesis. Likewise, starting from a Merleau-Pontian understanding of the crisis, finally, this study also assumes the task of asking about the repercussions of this crisis in the relation of philosophical knowledge to itself, then, in the way of his own philosophy to understand its history, being, therefore, the importance of this incursion in the desire to explain what, according to Merleau-Ponty, would be a possible way of overcoming.
Estudo cinético da hidrólise enzimática de celulose de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Carvalho, Mirella Lucas de
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3375214335297840
This work presents a kinetic study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of three cellulosic substrates: filter paper (FP), used as a de-lignified substrate model; sugarcane bagasse (SB) steam exploded; and acid treated SB, the last two treated with 4% NaOH. All SB were chemically characterized. Hydrolysis experiments to study the influence of agitation and substrate concentration were performed in shaker, using Accellerase® 1500, Genencor, at pH 4.8, in 50mM sodium citrate buffer. To verify the substrate concentration effect, cellulose load (weightsubstrate/weighttotal) was 0.5%-13% (for FP) and 0.99%-9.09% (for SB). For FP, the role of the external mass transport resistance was not significant when the agitation speed was in the range 150-300 rpm. It was possible to fit a pseudo-homogeneous Michaelis-Menten model for substrate concentrations up to 13% (w/w). Preliminary tests fitting the model proposed by Chrastil (CHRASTIL J. Enzymic product formation curves with the normal or diffusion limited reaction mechanism and in the presence of substrate receptors, Int. J. Biochem., v. 20, No. 7, p. 683, 1988) indicated that the role of diffusion through the external film was a more relevant feature for steam exploded SB than for FP, at higher concentrations of substrate. It was possible to fit a pseudo-homogeneous model for steam exploded SB, within a range of cellulose concentrations from 0.99% to 3.85% (w/w). Product inhibition had to be considered by the model. For higher loads of steam exploded SB, a modified Michaelis- Menten model, appropriate for heterogeneous systems with high diffusion resistance, was fitted. Finally, for the highly recalcitrant acid treated SB, Chrastil models were fitted. As expected, the complexity of this system regarding to the substrate and to the pool of enzymes acting in synergy, makes difficult the use of one single lumped parameter model for all hydrolysis operation conditions.
Modelos estatísticos para LGD : uma visão clássica e bayesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Varga, Maria Clara Mecatte
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
Every day in financial institution is common to nd customers who are unable to honor their commitments. When this occurs we say that the individual is in default. In a possible economic downturn the portfolio could su_er losses due to excessive default clients and high loss rates. At this stage it is essential that financial institutions have a capital reserve to absorb this potential loss. This reserve is known as economic capital. We examined four different models, Normal, Log-Normal, Logit-Normal and Beta Regression, used to determine the individual loss rate, since the client is in default, also known as LGD (Loss Given Default). Such models are used to determine the economic capital. In the models, both the default and LGD depend on a single systematic risk factor, which describes the state of the economy. This means that we considered that the event of default and LGD are correlated. We describe in detail for the four models, two ways of calculating economic capital, using the asymptotic approximation of the distribution of loss rate and the normal approximation. Through a simulation study, we compared the different estimates of economic capital. A bayesian approach to the Beta Regression model is developed modeling mean and dispersion parameter jointly.
Pré-tratamento alcalino (NaOH) do bagaço de cana-de açúcar para a produção de etanol e obtenção de xilooligômeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Nascimento, Viviane Marcos
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8560315748041202
The aim of this study was to optimize the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse raw and exploded with diluted sulfuric acid, water and sodium hydroxide in order to obtain Xylooligosaccharides in hemicellulose and production of second generation ethanol. The experiments with sugarcane bagasse and exploded with diluted acid and water respectively were performed according to the methodology CCRD (Central Composite Rotatable Design) with two replications at the center point response variables were: amount of xylose (g), acid concentration acetic acid and furfural (g / l) and xyllo-oligomers yield (%). Pretreatment with sodium hydroxide was carried out with sugarcane bagasse according to the methodology of factorial design with two replications at the central point in order to evaluate the influence of time of pretreatment (t), and hydroxide concentration sodium in the release of sugars after hydrolysis. The pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with fresh H2SO4 concentration 0.8% v / v, 13 minutes at 100 º C allowed 94% extraction of xylan in the form of scyllo-oligomers, with a minimum of xylose, furfural and acetic acid showing as a condition favorable for the extraction of XOS production. The pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse was used only blown hot water already there due to acetic acid, due to the fact that exploded bagasse have already undergone a process of pre-treatment self-hydrolysis at the plant. Provided by washing with water in the ratio 1:5 (w / v) for 5 minutes at 70 ° C allowed the extraction of 80% xylose from bagasse which was already dissolved in the material, this fraction was 62.5% in the form oligomers. If this condition is unfavorable for the production of XOS is great because the production of monomer (xylose), which required a purification step which is very costly. If ethanol is the desired end product is a slight increase in the need of pretreatment conditions for improved xylose production by hydrolysis step by the enzyme xylanase or using acid as catalyst. For the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse early experiments proved inconclusive for obtaining a correlation between the length, amount of NaOH used in the hydrolysis and fermentation yields. With the experimental design was obtained for 7% NaOH, 30 minutes (min.) 76% of hydrolysis efficiency with a maximum production of glucose 62 g / l and 90% efficiency of fermentation with an average yield of 20g / L ethanol. The materials were characterized chemically and physically before and after the stages of pretreatment showing the openness and better availability of fibers for the enzymatic process.
Habilidades sociais de crianças com diferentes necessidades educacionais especiais: comparações múltiplas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Freitas, Lucas Cordeiro
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9607932972038616
Evaluation studies about social skills of children have shown that in general there is an impairment of social skills in learning disabilities, sensory disabilities and other conditions of special educational needs. However, there is a gap in the literature as to a broader comparison of social skills of a greater diversity of populations of children, including sensory disabilities, mental retardation, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, behavior problems, learning disabilities, among others. The paucity of comparative studies to evaluate children with different special needs has hindered the production of empirical knowledge about specific issues to each population. Moreover, the lack of comparative evaluation studies has been an obstacle to the identification of needs that might guide the goals of educational and therapeutic interventions in social skills among children with different developmental characteristics. This study aimed to fill part of this gap and its goals was: (a) to compare, based on teacher evaluation, the repertoire of social skills of children from 12 different groups of special educational needs among themselves and with the normative sample of the Social Skills Rating System- SSRS-BR (Autism, Hearing Impairment, Mild Mental Retard, Moderate Mental Retard, Visual Impairment, Phonological Disorder, Learning Disabilities, Giftedness and Talent, Externalizing Behavior Problems, Internalizing Behavior Problems, Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), (b) identify resources and deficits in social skills from each of the 12 groups and (c) assess the degree of prediction of different special educational needs on the repertoire of social skills of the children. Teachers of 120 students in regular and special schools, aged between six and 14 years, from four states, responded to the SSRS-BR to assess the social skills of their students. The results showed that the special needs that had a lower frequency of social skills compared to the other were also the best predictor of deficits in this area, according to the regression analysis performed: ADHD, Autism, Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems and Externalizing Behavior Problems. Furthermore, the groups that most often presented these skills were Gifted and Talented, Children with Visual Impairment and Mild Mental Retard. The comparative analysis identified resources and deficits in specific social skills to each of the 12 participating groups. The results were discussed in relation to the intervention needs of each population, providing possible educational and therapeutic implications.
Catalisadores à base de Mo, CoMo e NiMo incorporados por impregnação ou in situ em γ-Al2O3, ZrO2 e γ-Al2O3-ZrO2 - avaliação na hidrodessulfurização do tiofeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Baston, Eduardo Prado
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1277176561519941
The preparation of Mo, CoMo or NiMo catalysts supported on -Al2O3, ZrO2 and - Al2O3-ZrO2 was studied. The zirconia contend added into alumina was 20 or 40 % wt.. The supports were synthesized via sol-gel and impregnation or direct addition in the synthesis mixture were used to incorporate the metals. The solids were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRD), Zeta potential, N2 adsorption/desorption, hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2- TPR), ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS-UVvis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and evaluated in the HDS of thiophene used as model molecule. The results showed that the synthesis via sol-gel allowed the formation of the above supports with high specific surface area, with zirconia being highly distributed in the alumina framework. The metal incorporation through impregnation or in situ led to catalysts with Mo, Co or Ni species highly dispersed. The activity data of the thiophene HDS on these catalysts indicated a promoter effect of the incorporation of about 20% of zirconia in the alumina that was simultaneous to the well known Co or Ni promoter character, this evidencing that the Mo activity is affected by the nature of the promoter metal and the textural and physico-chemical properties of the supports, which are strongly involved in the HDS mechanism. The main products of the thiophene HDS were butene-1, n-butane, trans-butene-2 and cis-butene-2, result that corroborates the high selective nature of the Mo based catalysts. Due to the close values of the specific reaction rate of the thiophene HDS on the studied catalysts, it can be concluded that the in situ preparation led to catalysts with very similar properties to those prepared by traditional impregnation. This result is highly attractive from a commercial point of view because it eliminates several steps in the catalysts preparation process, therefore, decreasing the preparation time and costs of labor and energy.
A gestão da demanda em cadeias de suprimentos: um estudo no setor atacadista distribuidor de produtos de mercearia básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-29)
Melo, Daniela de Castro
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6156975969568772
Demand management is an emerging topic in supply chain management. It is focused on a fast and adequate integration of supplier needs in order to balance and strategically align demand with operational capability in the supply chain. The lack of demand alignment deals with problems in supply chain, which leads to inefficient customer service, poor stock rotation, and high obsolescence rate aggravated by the wide diversity of products. The objective of this thesis was to develop a framework for demand management in the supply chain of grocery products considering the dyadic relationship between the supplier and the wholesale. The research revealed that the framework can be divided into 1) determining factors for the implementation of demand management between the wholesale and supplier and 2) the implementation process of the demand management between these firms. The determining factors involve strategic intent; internal alignment of the strategic policies; supplier segmentation; customer segmentation; reward, expertise, legitimate power and collaborative supply chain orientation. The implementation of this process can be divided into three phases: 1) joint alignment of strategic policies, 2) formulation of business plan and 3) implementation and monitoring of the business plan. Moreover, this process has four elements that permeate it: top management involvement, inter and intra-firm interactions, challenges and benefits of demand management. The benefits reflect on a reduction of the effect of the demand amplification, profitability by improving efficiency and effectiveness, as well as knowledge sharing and learning.
O Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia e o PROEJA : o caso do campus de Vitória da Conquista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-29)
Fernandes, Marta Quadros
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Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7718442724224231
This dissertation is the result of the master s research whose general objective was to investigate the current status of the National Program for Integrating Professional Education with Basic Education in the Modality of Youths and Adults Education PROEJA, at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia IFBA, Campus of Vitória da Conquista, in order to verify the effectiveness of the Program and its scope for the public to which it is intended. Based on studies on education by Marxist theorists, the researcher analyzed data on the history of the Brazilian professional education. Therefore, in order to reach the desired end, one proceeded to the literature review on the history of education in Brazil, to the study of official documents from the implantation of PROEJA, to applying questionnaires and an interview guide with students from the Medium Level Computer Technician Course of this modality, teachers, administrative staff, managers and students from the Specialization Course in PROEJA. The research started from the assumption that the current public policies of youths and adults education have not yet achieved their intent to give access to school and the consequent permanence to a significant percentage of those Brazilians who have not completed the studies within the so-called regular time. Thus, they prove ineffective. The text is structured into five chapters. In the first, there is an overview of the history of the Brazilian professional education in the political, social and economical context of the early twentieth century until the end of the military dictatorship focusing on the populism phenomenon. In the second, public policies of professional education and youths and adults education in the 1990 s are situated. The third chapter deals with the origin of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia IFBA, its evolution and development. Also in this chapter is included the Campus of Vitória da Conquista, the locus of the Program and Course being analyzed. The fourth chapter dealt with exposing the issue around public policies for youths, especially in the educational sector, and their relationship with secondary education. In the last chapter, the fifth, PROEJA is presented as a government program designed to overcome the precarious professional schooling of Brazilian youths and adults. The focus of the research turns, in this chapter, towards the Medium Level Computer Technician Course in PROEJA by IFBA Campus of Vitória da Conquista. Data analysis leads to the realization that, in spite of making some progress, public policies in the education sector, aimed at popular classes, still present in its core the mark of populism that was present for many decades in the twentieth century, which ends up confirming the social inequality imposed by class division for not promoting the universalization of education quality. In the specific case of PROEJA, the Program needs to find its place in the network of federal technical schools and then effect its proposal to provide youths and adults with the professional training integrated to the secondary education able to give them conditions for improving their lives and survival in an increasingly individualistic and competitive society.
Ensino médio no estado de São Paulo: desafios na escolarização de alunos com deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-29)
Cruz, Rosangela Aparecida Silva da
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7548299206132781
The objectives of this study were writing and reflecting about: a) the treatment given to students with deficiencies by school in secondary education; b) the school census statistic data regarding early enrollments for secondary and special education nationwide and in the State of São Paulo. We followed a qualitative approach, analyzing official documents of the scholar census of different established governments, and using the group focus technique we interviewed three special education teachers and six regular education teachers. We also performed four individual interviews with high school students with deficiencies two of them also attended the resources classrooms. The analyzed data showed the increasing number of enrollments in high school and special education showed the evolution of enrollments in high school and special education (by age), and the advances and ruptures of enrollments in high school (by grade). We reviewed teachers and students' testimonials in four thematic axes: a) the inclusive classroom context; b) the resources classroom context; c) teachers' work conditions; d) permanency conditions in public school. The results we found reveal that challenges of SEE-SP are related to the expansion of resources classroom attendance to places near students' houses as it is related to the structure of school transport. This study can contribute to discussions about limits and challenges of education in the State of São Paulo. The inclusive classroom and the resources classroom could become a reality that relies on more than guaranteed school access, because offering students conditions to stay in school is utterly necessary, as well as providing better conditions for the teachers' work.
Pré-tratamento organossolve do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para a produção de etanol e obtenção de xilooligômeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-29)
Wolf, Lucia Daniela
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9019547473114281
Sugarcane bagasse is an abundant lignocelulosic byproduct, due to the high ethanol production from sugarcane juice, which turns this residue an attractive alternative for obtaining cellulosic ethanol and other products of higher value added. However, the use of bagasse requires a pre-treatment step for better use of its fractions. It was proposed in this study, an evaluation of different operational conditions of bagasse Organsolv pre-treatment, followed or not by alkaline delignification, acid catalyzed or not, aiming the application of cellulose to ethanol production and xylan to produce xylo-oligosaccharides (XO). The pretreatment reactions were conducted in a high pressure reactor (Parr) under different temperature conditions (150, 170 and 190°C), time (10, 30, 60 and 90min), ethanol concentration (30, 50 and 70%), with solid:liquid ratio of 1:10 (w/v) and stirring speed of 300 rpm. The pre-treatments with higher severity factor were followed by delignification with 1% NaOH (w/v) at 100°C for 1 hour. Acid catalysis with 1% H2SO4 (w/w) was used in the pretreatment condition at 190°C/10min/50%ethanol with or without the alkaline delignification step. The evaluation of pre-treatment efficiency was carried out using structural, chemical and gravimetric characterization of the obtained solid fraction, cellulose enzymatic conversion in the hydrolysis of this fraction and ethanol yield after hydrolisate fermentation. The liquid fraction was characterized with respect to its xylan yield and the ratio obtained between xylan oligomers and xylose. The conditions of higher severity factor presented higher lignin and hemicelulose solubilization with average values of 80% and 86,3%, respectively, and average cellulose degradation of 2,4%. The same conditions, when associated with alkaline delignification, led to a increase on lignin and hemicelulose solubilization, 89,7% and 96,8%, respectively. However, the average initial cellulosic fraction loss of 14% was depicted. The use of acid catalyst, despite having promoted increase in solubilization of lignin (4%) and hemicelulose (12%), led to a expressive degradation of the cellulosic fraction, with mass loss of 34% and 12,6%, with and without alkaline delignification, respectively. The pre-treatment condition at 190°C/10min/50%ethanol promoted a higher enzymatic conversion (61,2%) with cellulose degradation of only 1% and after alkaline delignification step, reached 88,2%. The alkaline delignification led to a conversion increase for all the conditions tested, but also led to significant cellulose losses. On the other hand, the use of the acid catalyst had no significant effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. The fermentation of the hydrolisates was equally satisfactory for all the conditions evaluated, with average yield of 80%. The SEM analysis showed changes on the morphological structure of the fiber compared to the in natura bagasse, for the different pre-treatment conditions. The black liquor obtained after the pretreatment was evaluated with respect to its hemicelulosic fraction, obtaining 54,5% of xylooligomers and only 2% of xylose at the best condition (170°C/60min/50%ethanol), with 75% of recovery yield of xylan initially present in the bagasse.
Tamanho populacional de lobos-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) em uma área protegida de cerrado no sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-30)
Ramalho, Fernanda do Passo
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2267433036206158
The Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is listed among the threatened extinction species in Brazil due to loss of its natural habitat to agriculture and frequent roadkill. Aiming to determinate the population size of C. brachyurus into a Ecological Station in the northeast of Sao Paulo State (Estação Ecológica do Jataí EEJ), a non invasive method genetic analysis of feces was employed to confirm the specie findings which deposit the feces, in accordance of morphological characteristics and specific scent of the C. brachyurus specie. Through a panel of five loci microsatellite was possible to identify each collected sample. Among the 41 stool samples, we identified 13 specimens of C. brachyurus in the EEJ. The probability of identity (PID) was 0.8 x 10 -6 and the probability of not detecting allelic (allelic dropout) was 16.2%. There was no imbalance linkage between the analyzed loci. Values for C. brachyurus internal heterozygosity were rated low. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) average was 0.52 and expected heterozygosity (He) average was 0.72. The number of alleles per locus was found to be 5.4. In the analysis of Hardy-Weinberg were found three loci that showed some deviations, after Bonferroni correction: loci 2018, 2054 and 2140. Fis values were highly significant for all into the situ population. The degree of relatedness of individuals, or varied of 0.000 (not relative) to 0.5253 (father and son), indicating that there are related animals in the area. Tests conducted to determine the gender of the samples of C. brachyurus were not found satisfactory results, once the expected fragments were not amplified in any of the tests and in none of the samples. The estimation of the population size of the C. brachyurus in the area of EEJ may be used as reference of management action plans of species conservation.
Avaliação integrada da poluição em dois estuários do Espírito Santo, Brasil por meio de biomarcadores e análises químicas no ambiente e em Centropomus parallelus Poey, 1860
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-30)
Souza, Iara da Costa
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391583114634391
Estuarine and coastal regions are often impacted by various anthropogenic influences derived from industries, port activities, agriculture and sewage. Two Brazilian estuaries (Piraque-açu - ES and Santa Maria - ES) were evaluated in order to correlate genetic, biochemical, morphological and physiological biomarkers determined in the fish Centropomus parallelus with water quality parameters, metals in superficial and interstitial water and sediments. Integrated physical and chemical parameters were measured in Victoria Bay and Santa Cruz during the winter and summer. Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Ag, Cd, Pb, Hg were observed in samples of water, interstitial water, sediment and fish muscle. Biomarkers include the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear alterations, NKA activity, histopathological changes and cellular chloride. The biomarkers showed changes mostly at reversible, triggering mild to moderate level of contamination. The characteristics of the estuary, as organic matter and dissolved oxygen are correlated with the concentration of metals present in C. parallelus, influencing the bioavailability of the same. The combined use of biomarkers to measures of water quality shows the importance of assessing the degree of contamination and its consequences for aquatic biota.
Metapsicologia e clínica psicanalítica: um estudo sobre as relações entre os princípios clínicos e as construções metapsicológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-30)
Barbelli, Izabel Cristina
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7053202436379502
Research on the Freudian psychoanalysis epistemological characteristics demands an analysis focused on the criteria that Freud established the constituent experimental parameters of the construction and validation processes of metapsychological concepts, as an analysis on the rationality nature that underlies the conceptual outline structure of metapsychological theory, from the search for endopsychic laws formulated by logical articulation of the results obtained in clinical practice. Therefore, the research objective is to examine whether or not these criteria may provide an effective reference to the human psychic reality, to this theory, indeed.
Análise da percepção das comunidades escolares sobre segurança de trânsito no entorno das escolas do município de São Carlos - S.P
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-30)
Zani, Kelly Keyth Guimarães
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2638238200104278
The rates of traffic accidents have shown a serious public health issue. The incompatibility between the built environment of cities, the behavior of drivers, the great movement of pedestrians under unsafe conditions, becomes Brazil one of the highest rates of traffic accidents worldwide. Trampling stands as the leading cause of death from accidents involving children from five to ten years old. Often, children at this age are starting school, that´s the point having a window of vulnerability in which both expectations about the demands of adults extrapolate the skills that these children are able to offer, if viewed on condition of pedestrians who are expected mature enough to cross streets safely. It s a huge justification, putting into practice investments researches focused on the preservation and integrity of life of children and teenagers. The school grounds are daily destination for millions of children worldwide, this study tried to identify the perception of groups of people who use the areas surrounding the school, in relation to traffic safety. The opinions were issued through completing questionnaires, using a Likert´s scale guided exclusively for engineering, traffic education and legal effort. This scale is widely used to verify people's opinion for a particular topic, because it requires respondents indicate a degree of agreement or disagreement with a series of statements related to the object of study. The diagnosis of these perceptions can contribute to a better understanding of the school environment, particularly related to traffic safety, offering subsidies to technicians responsible to develop policies, strategies and action plans, aimed at road safety. For purposes didactic only, this paper is divided into six chapters. The first presents the introduction, purpose and structure of the work, the second brings the theoretical explanation and the three "Es" of traffic insurance, the third section describes the scale used for the interpretation of the questionnaires and procedures for analysis of the questionnaires, the fourth shows the importance of the five (5) groups that guided this research, the fifth chapter is flagged with an overview of the schools and the sample size calculation for the analysis of questionnaires and finally the sixth and final chapter presents the conclusions and findings of the research, as well as some recommendations for further research in the area of traffic safety around the school areas.
Docking de herbicidas na glutationa transferase tau4-4 de soja (Glycine max)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-30)
Mendes, Josiane Enevina
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Schpector, Júlio Zukerman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7090048899340182
This study, based on molecular docking, describes the search for the most favorable conformations when complexes between herbicides, used in soybean cultivation, and an enzyme involved in the detoxification process are formed and based on these results some guidelines for the developing of new compounds are proposed. The glutathione transferase Tau, GmGSTU4-4, from soybean was the target protein, and diclofop, fluazifop, Clethodim, clomazone, diquat, paraquat, atrazine, diuron, bentazone, acifluorofem, fomesafem, sulfentrazone, glyphosate and clorimurom, the 14 herbicides studied. These last ones were chosen based on the list of those that are used in soybean crops and are registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Supply of Brasil. For all of them the GmGSTU4-4-herbicide complexes were obtained. The protein binding site, analyzed by molecular visualization, presents an almost cylindrical shape, open and exposed to the solvent and is composed of two sites G and H. Three water molecules were observed in the G-site in that participate in molecular interactions with several of the studied herbicides, This finding suggests that new compounds that could, and should, be developed need to have in their structure chemical groups capable of interacting with the water, both as donors and acceptors of hydrogen bonds. Another interesting finding was that the largest herbicides may occupy both the G and H sites, and seem to be most promising in the activity of detoxification.
Redes interdiscursivas e convergência de mídias: uma análise de Brilho Eterno de uma Mente Sem Lembranças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-31)
Mestriner, Rogério Secomandi
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Soares Junior, José Gatti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0524357924562820
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2538146661081827
With digital media's broad dissemination towards society, confirmed by the market expansion of electronic games and the growing digital inclusion due to Web 2.0 advances and mobile telephony, the audiovisual expression transforms itself in meaningful ways, having its effect noticed mainly at the structure of many films, such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (EUA, 2004), directed by Michel Gondry. This study intends to elaborate how the incorporation of certain specificities of digital media which can be seen as an actual cinematographic tendency, analyzing some of earlier works from this director to point out his manners towards the virtual world and sort it out his unique vision in an authorial and consistent body of work. We‟re interested in studying specifically the convergence process between cinematographic narrative and digital media, starting by the analysis of multilinear structures that illustrate this process. The final objective is to cast new lights over this new standard of audiovisual entertainment that rises with the coming of digital media.
Incorporação em lipossomos da aloína e imobilização em filmes nanoestruturados para aplicação em liberação modificada de fármacos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-31)
Xavier, Aline Carla Farrapo
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Ferreira, Marystela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4520392095066496
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Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes
Currently, thanks to the high due technological development, a new class of systems has been explored for drug delivery systems, or controlled release of drugs. These systems have great importance as a rare drug in an aqueous solution or in the conventional way can achieve the target concentrations appropriate to achieve the desired therapeutic efficacy, for this reason, in recent years a new pharmacological concept was developed through the preparation of biologically active systems with the use of molecular aggregates. Among the delivery systems most studied, we highlight the liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers and carbon nanotubes. In this work we immobilized Aloin (barbaloin), component present in Aloe vera, which has healing activity, in nanostructured films, using the technique of self-assembly layer by layer ( LbL). To obtain the ultrathin films for the process Layer-by-Layer, Aloin (barbaloin) was incorporated into dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG) liposomes and self-assembled with polyelectrolytes to development of a drug controlled release system of the adhesive type (patches). The film growth and its ability to release the Aloin were monitored using UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The films showed linear growth, indicating that the same amount of material was absorbed in each deposition step. Aloin release from the LbL films made with DPPG liposomes showed constant for 12 hours. This possibility of release through a long time course is promising for medical applications using patches.
Análise comparativa da predação de Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy) e Aphis spiraecola (Patch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) por artrópodes, em cultura de citros, através da serologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-31)
Costa, Fabiano de Mello
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Silva, Carlos Roberto Sousa e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4890369735136839
Citriculture is one of the most important agricultural activities in Brazil, and its production, specially directed to the export of concentrated juice, generates profits that surpass one billion dollars a year. In the present work, specific antisera for Aphis spiraecola (Patch) and Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were produced, and potential predators of these pests were identified. Serology is based on the possibility of specific reactions between an antiserum obtained for the prey that is going to be investigated and the antigens obtained through the maceration of the possible predators captured in the fields. Samples of the A. spiraecola and T. citricidus aphids were macerated in a 0.75% salt solution. The macerated samples were centrifuged, and the floating ones were used as immunizing antigens for the attainment of the specific antiserum. For that purpose, two rabbits were immunized with doses of antigens in the region of the lymph nodes. Homologous and heterologous serological tests were performed through the method of double diffusion in agar. Homologous serological reactions were positive for both antisera as soon as seven days after the first antigen inoculation. The maximum title between both antisera was of 32. Positive heterologous reactions were observed as for Coccinellidae Azia luteipes (Mulsant), Cycloneda conjugata (Mulsant), Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Hippodamia convergens (Guérrin-Meneville), Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant) and Scymnus spp; Chrysoperla externa larvae (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Pseudodorus clavatus larvae (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Syrphidae); one heteropterous (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and one arachnid (Araneae). No significant differences were observed between C. sanguinea, H. convergens e H. axyridis as for their predatory efficiency. The predators C. sanguinea, H. convergens and H. axyridis did not present differences in their food preference for A. spiraecola or T. citricidus. From the obtained results, one can infer that the predators found in citrus cultivations are potential predators of A. spiraecola and/or T. citricidus and may act as efficient agents of biological control of those aphids, reducing their populations and the damages caused by them. The serological technique used was effective in the detection of predators of those aphids in the fields.
Produção de monoéster via etanólise por hidrotalcitas termoativadas: síntese e caracterização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-31)
Mazzone, Lana Christiane de Albuquerque
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202952707086564
Among biofuels of the 1st generation, biodiesel stands out for its equivalent features to those of mineral diesel, however less polluting. It can be obtained by transesterification of triglyceride fats or vegetable oils by (m)ethanolysis. Aiming at improving the chemical process, different types of catalysis have been studied: i) homogeneous (acid e.g. H2SO4 and basic e.g. KOH), ii) heterogeneous (acid e.g. Montmorillonite, basic e.g. Hydrotalcite and enzymatic e.g. immobilized Lipases). However, the basic solid catalysts show themselves attractive because they are easily separated from the reaction media by filtration, avoiding both the formation of by-products and the need for biodiesel neutralization. In this group of catalysts there are some that stand out from the others, such as hydrotalcites, which, when thermically treated, result in mixed oxides with high superficial area and basicity. In this study, the efficiency of these heterogeneous catalysts containing K-Mg-Al was investigated in the transesterification of the molecule-model (CH3COOCH3) via ethanolysis in mild reaction conditions: 323K, 30 min, EtOH:AcMe=6:1 and 4 wt % of catalyst. Two methods to synthesize the hydrotalcite were used: sol-gel and impregnation. In the sol-gel, the variables fixed were: mass of carbonate (2 wt %), synthesis time (18hrs) and temperature (363K). The ratio of Mg:Al and the aging time varied in the range of 2:1-3:1 and 1-3 days, respectively. For the evaluation of this method, the incipient-wetness impregnation was used through addition of different percentage of potassium cations (2, 5 and 10%) in mixed oxide originated from the free sol-gel alkali metals hydrotalcite. Through the results of X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis it was found that the compounds produced were different in crystallinity, structural order and quantity of water molecules present in the structure. The pores of the obtained materials presented, on average, large diameters, between 14-21 nm to sol-gel samples, and 12 nm for the impregnated ones. The basicity of these were determinate by test of CO2 desorption at a programmed temperature. Among the studied parameters in the reaction of transesterification, the temperature showed the biggest influence. Thus, the most active catalysts for this condition (343K, 30 min and ratio of 6:1) were tested in regards to their reuse. The most stable catalyst in catalytic activity was the oxide (2KHTTa3-1) synthesized through precursor via sol-gel with highest quantity of magnesium in its composition and aged for one day.