Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2011-04-01"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 19616

Degradação eletrooxidativa e biológica de corantes em meios aquosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-01)
Aquino, José Mario de
;
Rocha Filho, Romeu Cardozo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5200717413563550
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8847710280926769
The electrochemical degradation of the Reactive Red 141, Acid Blue 62 (AB 62), Direct Black 22, and Disperse Orange 29 dyes in a 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution with and without NaCl addition was investigated with Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 and Si/DDB anodes, using a filter-press reactor, and assessed by the experimental design methodology (investigated variables: current density, pH, NaCl concentration, and temperature). Color removal occurred more efficiently in acidic solutions, in the presence of NaCl, whereas COD removal occurred more efficiently in neutral to basic solutions. The addition of NaCl, with the consequent electrogeneration of active chlorine, significantly improved color and COD removal, demanding low charges per unit volume of solution (Qap) treated by indirect oxidation. Hydroxyl or chloro radicals mediated the organic load mineralization, on the anode surface, requiring similar operational conditions for all investigated dyes, with high Qap values. In spite of the higher levels of oxidation and mineralization attained using the Si/DDB anode, the Ti- Pt/β-PbO2 anode could be an interesting option for the decolorization of dyes. Next, the electrooxidation of a real textile effluent was investigated using Nb/DDB and Ti- Pt/β-PbO2 anodes. As a consequence of its high oxidation power, the Nb/DDB anode was more effective in the removal of color and COD than the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode, with higher current efficiencies and low energy consumption (~ 30 kW h m 3). However, detachment and deactivation of the BDD film was observed in some electrolysis conditions. Additionally, the coupling between the biologic method (BM, with swine sludge) and the electrochemical one (EM, using the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode) was investigated for the degradation of dyes, with results depending on the type of dye used. In the BM, the azo dyes only underwent biotransformation, probably yielding aromatic amines. The afterward EM removal of these compounds was difficult; hence, in this case it is better to use EM directly. The AB 62 anthraquinonic dye proved to be highly degradable and, thus, could be degraded using only BM. Prior electrooxidaction of dye solutions followed by coupling with BM resulted in microorganism inhibition, probably due to the electrogenerated oxidants. Finally, the results from the investigation of reaction intermediates for the AB 62 dye suggest that their amount and nature depend on the solution pH as well as on the electrode material used in the electrolysis. On the other hand, the electrogeneration of organochloride compounds is more efficiently avoided in basic solutions.
Toxicidade e alterações morfofuncionais em Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) exposto ao herbicida Roundup Ready
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-01)
Shiogiri, Natália Sayuri
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0069152887129671
The water body contamination by agrochemical residues is one of the main concerns on the preservation of aquatic biota. The glyphosate is one of the most used herbicides and the Roundup® Ready (RR) formulation has been recently introduced in the market and needs to be evaluated in relation to the possible effects to the aquatic biota. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the herbicide glyphosate in the Roundup® Ready formulation, determining the LC 50;48h and the effects of acute and chronic exposure over the hematologic variables, morphofunctional alterations in gills and liver and responses of the antioxidant defense system in the liver of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. The LC 50;48h of glyphosate in this formulation was estimated in 3,74 mg.L-1, with inferior limit of 3,54 mg.L-1 and superior limit of 3,95 mg.L-1. According to LC 50;48h values, it were defined the quotients stipulating concentrations to be used in the chronic toxicity test. The analyzed alterations in liver of pacus allowed the estimation of the Index of histopathological alterations (IAH), wich ranged between 1,69 to 135,84 in acute test; and between 2,07 to 55,43 in chronic test. In the fishes gills submitted to both tests, acute and chronic, there were no severe alterations. The IAH on gills ranged between 0,29 to 2,07 and no changes were observed in the normal function of the organ. The NKA activity of fishes submitted to both tests presented a medium increase, however it was not significant. Fishes presented a decrease of total number of erythrocytes (RBC) in relation to control, however, hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased significantly on fishes submitted to glyphosate exposure in relation to control (p<0,05). The antioxidant enzyme activity of fishes submitted to chronic toxicity test showed a decrease in the specific activity of liver superoxide dismutase and catalase and there was no change in the activity of liver glutathione peroxidase. An increase in the liver lipidic peroxidation was observed after glyphosate exposure. The specific activity of acetylcholinesterase decreased in the brain, but not in the muscle. It was not observed changes in plasma ions concentration. In conclusion, the results of this study shows toxicity of the glyphosate, in the Roundup® Ready formulation, to P. mesopotamicus, which alterations in the animal can compromise the process of detoxification and tissue repair, which may lead the animal to death.
Concepções dos professores de português sobre surdez e aluno surdo num curso de formação continuada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-04)
Furlan, Luciana Aparecida
;
Toyoda, Cristina Yoshie
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5872141115382552
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1195207251154672
One of the issues related to the construction and consolidation of a truly inclusive school concerns the importance of teachers, their valorization and their training, both initial and continued in the form of graduate specialization, update courses and short term courses. The objective of this work, considering the above context, was to determine whether teachers' conceptions of Portuguese, referring to his deaf students, have been changed after attending a continuing education course entitled Portuguese Language for the Deaf. The study was conducted at a Board of Education located in the central region of São Paulo State, which offered the course in the period 2004 to 2008, and focused on the year 2005. Study participants were 33 teachers who took part of course in Portuguese Language for the Deaf in 2005 and responded to assessments of the same period. The research, which consisted of a study of descriptive and exploratory qualitative approach was used to document analysis and semistructured interviews. Data analysis employed the procedures of content analysis. The writings of the teachers revealed some misconceptions about deafness, the deaf students and their learning. They also revealed the contributions of the course concerned that these contributions have been revised. The survey also offered some reflections on the issues surrounding the initial training and continuing education, the complexity of teaching Portuguese for the deaf and the points that could be improved in the course examination.
Avaliação da corrosão intergranular de aços inoxidáveis por meio de normas e de ensaios eletroquímicos em altos potenciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-04)
Higa, Silvia Midori
;
Kuri, Sebastião Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7245298285401456
The corrosion resistance of stainless steels is given by the formation of a Cr2O3 film on the metal surface, inhibiting its contact with the aggressive medium. The sensitization that occurs in these steels at temperatures ranging from 500 to 800°C is responsible for corrosion due to carbide precipitation at grain boundaries, which makes the adjacent regions depleted of chromium. The standards used in industries to assess the stainless steels in their susceptibility to corrosion is based on immersion tests followed by microstructural analysis. The electrochemical tests provide a deeper analysis of the degree of sensitization that is often not detected by tests of immersion. This study aimed to evaluate the different techniques to determine the susceptibility to localized corrosion, pitting and intergranular in stainless steels to sensitization at different temperatures and compare them with current standards. Were used austenitic stainless steel AISI 304, AISI 304L, AISI 316L and martensitic stainless steel AISI 420. The evaluation of corrosion was carried out by potentiodynamic reactivation tests and double-loop cyclic anodic polarization, besides the classification according to the criteria of ASTM A 262 practice A. The electrochemical tests have provided a further analysis based on the standard immersion tests. The degree of sensitization obtained in the electrochemical tests showed an impairment of corrosion resistance of stainless steels, which, according to the criteria of the standard would be accepted for susceptibility to intergranular corrosion.
Blendas de polietileno e amido termoplástico modificado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-06)
Miranda, Vinícius Atílio Rostelato de
;
Carvalho, Antonio José Felix de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5050955206618507
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6285754769008388
;
Botaro, Vagner Roberto
The development of materials derived from renewable or biodegradable resources has attracted attention from academic and industrial sectors due to the growing need for replacement of synthetic materials derived from renewable sources and also due to the need for biodegradable materials. The interest in the use of blends of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and polyethylene has also gained attention in the last decade due to a new concept in which the increase in the content of materials from renewable sources is required and due to recent advances in the thermoplastic starch technology. In this work we studied blends of low density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermoplastic starch (1:1, w / w). In a first step the thermoplastic starch was prepared by processing corn starch and glycerol in the ratio starch/glycerol 70/30 w/w, modified in the presence of 0; 0.5, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 wt% of citric acid in a single screw extruder, L/D = 40. In a second step the blends of thermoplastic starch and polyethylene (1:1, w/w) were produced using the same extruders. We investigated the effect of starch modification on the morphology and compatibility of polyethylene and TPS. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile-stress mechanical testing, dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA), high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and water absorption experiments. The modification of starch causes a decrease in its molecular weight and hence the melt viscosity. It was observed that the TPS modification causes a better distribution of the dispersed phase of thermoplastic starch in the blend. This improvement was mainly observed for starch modified by adding 1.0% and 1.5% citric acid. The blends have lower moisture absorption and better mechanical properties with respect to the blends produced with unmodified thermoplastic starch.
Introdução ao controle estatístico de processo on-line
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-07)
Silva, Paulo Henrique Ferreira da
;
Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8538524597034643
Efeitos da presença de macrófitas aquáticas nos macroinvertebrados de córregos tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-08)
Fonseca, Daniel Gonçalves da
;
Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623315609149062
The riparian forest deforestation by pasture activities allows greater solar incidence on the streams bed. The high input of light favours the development of aquatic macrophytes, which also contributing with the high primary production rate and are important substrate for aquatic organisms. This substrate generates stability subunities and complex microhabitats which are used as refugee, places and feeding source and interfere in the trophic relations in the streams. Benthic macroinvertebrates can be affected in several ways by fish (predators) through direct effects (feeding) or indirect effects (predation risk, bio-perturbation, trophic links). However, the complexity offered by the macrophytes can influence the trophic interactions between fish and the macroinvertebrates, decreasing the predation pressure and allowing the coexistence among these organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the macrophyte influence on the aquatic communities. With the purpose of facilitate the understanding, the study was divided in two chapters: (1) It compared the macroinvertebrate assemblages present in sites with or without macrophytes in three different streams; (2) It evaluated the aquatic macrophyte effects on the colonization of macroinvertebrate communities and on the predation interaction between macroinvertebrates and fish, using an experiment with exclusion cages in two streams. The results allow a better understanding of the functional processes in the structure of the streams, providing knowledge about the human interaction effects on the functioning of these systems.
Formação inicial de professores de química na região norte: análise das diferentes concepções das IES públicas e de professores e estudantes do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-08)
Farias, Sidilene Aquino de
;
Ferreira, Luiz Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6974383103784984
This research was aimed at the initial formation of Chemistry Teachers in the North Brazilian Region. Thus, it searched out knowing the conceptions of Public Institutions of Higher Education and Secondary Education. There were used, in the data gathering of this qualitative research, a document analysis of the Political-Pedagogic Project (PPP) and the Curricular Matrix (CM) from courses of Chemistry Degree, as well as personal interviews with Course Coordinators, Professors of Supervised Training Period and/or integrating disciplines (Chemistry/Education) and three graduating first-degree students. Participated in the Secondary Education schools Chemistry Teachers and three students from the third form, this last group of subjects also answered a questionnaire. The data was gathered in twelve Chemistry Degree courses from Public Institutions of Higher Education (PIsHE), placed in the following States: Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, e Roraima. Also 26 schools of Secondary Education placed in the same cities as the courses. The results were analysed based on the legal standards and theoretical references ruled in the paradigm of Practical Reasonability. Save some exceptions, was observed that only few cares were allocated for the curricular components Practise as Curricular Component, Pedagogic Dimension and Curricular Training Period. In general, the elaboration of the PPPs occurred with a low involvement of professors. It was realized that in the majority of the courses, the Chemistry contents are the more appreciated items, as in the CM, in timetable terms, as the subjects report. Some students, though, highlight fails in the pedagogical formation and in the proximity necessary with the school. It was noticed that PIsHE are on the opposite way of the Secondary Education teachers and students craving, once these ones pointed the pedagogical knowledge as the most important characteristics for a teacher. The students, for example, propose that the PIsHE prepare the future teacher to understand the students difficulties and to teach differently . Furthermore, three subjects groups condition the course s quality improvement to the compromise and pedagogical qualification of the educator; employment of teachers from Chemistry Education, aiming for a Chemistry/education relation.
Efeitos de um programa de treinamento físico no equipamento elíptico sobre a capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica: um estudo piloto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-11)
Paes, Cilso Dias
;
Jamami, Maurício
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8037844846508708
Objective: To verify the effects of a physical training program on an elliptical trainer on quality of life and on the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the cardiopulmonary test (CPT) performances in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Nine individuals with COPD (age= 68.3 ±7.6 years; FEV1/FVC= 54.6 ± 16.8%; FEV1= 64.4 ±17.3% from predicted) and six individuals with no pulmonary disease (age= 67.3 ±5.7 years; FEV1/FVC= 78.8 ±4.9%; FEV1= 118 ±18.3% from predicted) took part in the present study. Individuals with COPD constituted the COPDG group, and individuals with no pulmonary disease constituted the healthy group HG . Both groups underwent an anamnesis and a spirometry, and also performed the 6MWT and CPT during evaluation and reevaluation. The COPDG completed the Saint George s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) during evaluation and reevaluation. The distance walked during the 6MWT (6MWD), heart rate, oxygen uptake, and sensation of dyspnea and lower limb fatigue during the CPT were all recorded. Both groups underwent a training program on an elliptical trainer, at least twice a week, until completing a total of eighteen sessions. The elliptical exercise was an interval training and, only, to the exercise period were added time. Results: The inter-groups analysis presented no significant difference in 6MWD and CPT s variables. The intragroup analysis presented significant improvement in all CPT variables in the COPDG, pre and post-training. In the HG, only reduction of dyspnea sensation occurred. As for the 6MWD, there was no significant difference in intragroup analysis. The score reduction in the SGRQ domains and in total score was clinically significant in the COPDG. Conclusion: The training program on an elliptical trainer promoted quality of life improvement, better performance in the CPT, and physiological benefits as reduction of heart rate, oxygen uptake, dyspnea sensation and leg fatigue at iso-workload in the COPDG.
Transformações das abordagens urbanísticas e ambientais na gestão territorial brasileira: confluências e divergências no direito de propriedade, nos instrumentos de gestão e no desenho institucional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-12)
Silva, Sandra Regina Mota
;
Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973870842834947
This work addresses the transformations of urban and environmental approaches in Brazil s territory management, identifying its convergences and divergences. This study was structured from the contextualization of a representative legal framework for the urban and environmental policy, predominantly composed in the 1930s until the most recent enacted statute, according to specific themes organized into six regulation series. The topics discussed include the constitutional frameworks, the division of land, the legal principles from the urban reform proposals, the environmental legislation before and after the 1980s, and the normative system related to the Permanent Preservation Areas - APPs. The analytical structuring was based on identifying aspects considered essential for the research, which included property rights; land and environmental policy management instruments; institutional structure; and ways to approach environmental issues posed by the urban perspective, and vice versa, the urban and social approach posed by the environmental perspective. The analysis of the transformation of these aspects, within the legislative series selected, was preceded by the discussion and contextualization of the social movements that emerged in the 1970s and which influenced the shaping of new paradigms embodied in the contemporary urban and environmental legislation. For the urban perspective, some concepts of territorial planning and management used in Brazil are discussed, especially the role of the National Urban Reform Movement and the emergence of the principle of the social function of city and property. For the Environmental perspective, the origins of environmental concerns in Brazil are discussed, as well as the role of the environmental movement and its impact in shaping the legal system to protect the environment. The interactive analysis discussed and identified the main challenges in the integrated articulation of urban and environmental policy. Although there is a process to expand the interfaces in these matters, disputes and conflicts still prevail with regards to territorial ownership and occupation, which represent challenges for the perspective to achieve the unified paradigm of the socioenvironmental function of the city and property.
BlueYou: uma plataforma de comunicação ciente de contexto baseada em serviços para computação móvel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-14)
Almeida, Ricardo Aparecido Perez de
;
Guardia, Hélio Crestana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0757467522077216
The raising number of mobile devices with high computing capacity and support to different wireless transmission technologies has been motivating the creation of communication services capable to provide information to users anytime and anywhere. Particularly, it s possible to note the existence of a massive number of devices equipped with the Bluetooth communication technology, available in millions of devices. Plenty of mechanisms for content dissemination and sharing have been developed for use with Bluetooth technology in different application scenarios, such as mobile marketing, u-commerce and mobile learning. Most of these mechanisms, however, are used for specific purposes or are highly dependent on a communication infrastructure. Moreover, most of them use only little information about different contexts related to the environment, the users and the state of the devices involved in the transmissions. This work presents the project and a feasibility analysis of a context-aware communication platform that enables the delivery of data to mobile devices. Different types of information may be delivered, as produced by the execution of services which generate or retrieve them prior to transmission. Transmissions to the devices occur via wireless communication technologies, especially the Bluetooth. Called BlueYou, this platform makes use of context information and the profiles of mobile device to set policies for content delivery and content adaptation. Moreover, in order to expand the access to the services that generate the contents to deliver by BlueYou, the platform is integrated with a communication mechanism that creates an opportunistic ad hoc networking between mobile devices to transmit data to a particular recipient. As a result, it is expected that BlueYou can be widely used without requiring high deployment costs (financial, technological or time), and can serve as a basis for future studies involving communication patterns and interaction between users of mobile technologies.
John Stuart Mill e a Filosofia das Ciências Sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-14)
Junta, Cristiano Moraes
;
Cass, Mark Julian Richter
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549114665097353
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3847386584166153
We analyzed John Stuart Mill s book System of Logic Inductive and Deductive. Our aim are present the philosophy of social science formulate by Mill in this book. The discussion empathize the millian interpretation of inductive methods. At last, we make the critical balance of those conceptions in relation of methodology of social science in confrontation with Emile Durkheim s opinions.
Novas ligas formadoras de fase amorfa do sistema Ni-Nb-Zr e seu comportamento mecânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-15)
Santos, Fabricio Simão dos
;
Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5443002033733395
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2720282515226804
Ni-based amorphizable alloys in the bulk form show a good combination of properties, with high mechanical strength and hardness, good ductility and excellent corrosion resistance. These alloys have been used in recent technological applications, for example, in pressure sensors and micro-geared motors. Particularly, Ni-Nb-Zr alloys with amorphous structure show, in addition to good mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance in acid medium due to the formation of a Nb- and Zr-rich passive film. In this context, the purpose of this project is to develop Ni-Nb-Zr alloys with high glass-forming ability (GFA) by using the topological λ criterion combined with the average electronegativity difference, Δe , and to carry out its mechanical characterization by nanoindentation. Ni45.5Nb23Zr31.5, Ni50Nb28Zr22, Ni57Nb17.5Zr25.5 and Ni79Nb8.5Zr12.5 alloys were selected and produced in the form of melt-spun ribbons and copper mold cast wedges. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nanoindentation. Results from the processing of wedge samples revealed the highest GFA for the Ni50Nb28Zr22 alloy, which presented 60% of amorphous fraction for a thickness of 200 μm and 23% for thickness of 320-480 μm. The alloy Ni45.5Nb23Zr31.5 showed the second highest GFA, making possible to obtain 14% of amorphous fraction for a thickness of 240 μm. The hardness and reduced elastic modulus of the ribbon samples increased in the following order: Ni45.5Nb23Zr31.5 < Ni50Nb28Zr22 < Ni57Nb17.5Zr25.5. For the Ni50Nb28Zr22 alloy, it was attained higher hardness and elastic modulus and lower plastic energy for the wedge compared to the ribbon, which can be ascribed to the higher amount of free volume in the structure of the amorphous ribbon. The compressive yield stress (σy,C) of this alloy was estimated to be 2.5 and 3.2 GPa for ribbon and wedge, respectively. viii
Complexos do tipo cis-[Ru(L-phen)2(apy)2]2+ com interesse no tratamento de Mal de Alzheimer: propriedades físico-químicas e estudos de inibição da Acetilcolina Esterase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-15)
Chinini, Guilherme Luiz
;
Carlos, Rose Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8779203176912828
The photochemical and photophysical properties of the cis-[Ru(phen)2(4apy)2]2+ complex where 4apy= 4-aminopyridine are reported. In this work the complexes are thermically stable throughout the course of many hours in non-aqueous and aqueous solution and highly colored (red solution in the most of solvents). The absorption is characterized by two broad shoulders and an intense emission is found at 640 nm. Upon photolysis in aqueous solution, accompanied by spectroscopic techniques (UVvis, luminescence, 1H NMR, HPLC) cis-[Ru(phen)2(4apy)2]2+ complex loses the 4apy ligand to give the aquo complexes: cis-[Ru(phen)2(4apy)(H2O)]2+, cis- [Ru(phen)2(H2O)2]2+ and trans-[Ru(phen)2(H2O)2]2+. The aquo complexes have been synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The photochemical mechanism is confirmed by TD-DFT calculations. Considering the role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the Alzheimer disease treatments, the prepared complexes were tested for AChE inhibition using the Ellman and fluorimetric methods. In these studies Tacrine (hydrochloride-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-amine) was used for comparison purposes. The complexes were also evaluated for their toxicity towards to 3T3 and NG97 cells. The cis-complex binds with micromolar affinity to AChE and display an IC50 of 1.38. The cis-complex is a reversible competitive inhibitor while Tacrine gives mixed and uncompetitive inhibition with acetylcholine as the substrate. Citotoxicity studies showed that the cis complex presents a higher citoxicity against NG97 cells (IC50= 39.84 μmol.mL-1) and a lower citotoxicity toward 3T3 cell. We evaluated the in situ emissive activity of the complex cis-[Ru(phen)2(4apy)2]2+ through confocal microscopy, obtaining the expected contrast as well as the emissive loss resulting from the photolysis process. Overall, these results are of particular interest for designing intelligent metallodrugs based on photochemical and photophysical processes and offer promising potentials for the treatment of Alzheimer diseases.
Enunciados comunicativos de uma jovem usuária de comunicação alternativa e seus parceiros de comunicação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-18)
Silva, Aline Pillegi da
;
Almeida, Maria Amélia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1450987784698792
Communication, innate and essential factor to human development, finds itself present in every moment of life. However, communication is not based just on speech, on orality. For a more efficient communication, we have facial and body expressions helping. For individuals who have no speech or speech is unintelligible, we can make use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication. The point of this study is to trace and analyze the profile of communicative statements of two young girls of thirteen years old, Marcela, cerebral palsy, literate, who not maintain oral function and uses alternative communication system, and Miriam, with normal development who uses speech to communicate (subject control). This research is part of a cross-cultural project that aims to describe how the understanding and expressing of certain kinds of utterances graphics occurs in children and young people of different ages and in different countries that uses alternative communication systems, and how these statements are understood by partners - parents, teachers and peers. The alternative system used by the participant with cerebral palsy consisted of pictures of family, words and sentences, alphabet and numerals in the format of a book of alternative communication. To collect data we used the following instruments: semi-structured interview with the mother, teacher, Marcela and Miriam; evaluation of the communication system held by Marcela`s mother and her teacher; standardized instruments for rating intelligence, receptive language, motor skills; communicative tasks applied to the two participants (comprehension tasks and production). Data revealed that the mother was the more competent communication partner, had more knowledge about the use of alternative communication system and favored the development of Marcela`s alternative language. Data also revealed that Marcela had no difficulties in comprehensive and expressive language, compared with his partner, Miriam. The main difference in the answers from Marcela and Miriam was about the response time. Marcela tok a longer time to give the answers, compared with Miriam. This is due to the fact of Marcela using augmentative and alternative communication to give the answers while Miriam uses speech. It can be concluded that individuals with impaired speech, with normal cognitive development, can communicate itself as effectively as individuals without impairment of speech, since the alternative communication system is implemented effectively and their communication partners are trained in the use of AAC.
A configuração da prática como componente curricular nos cursos de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas das Universidades Estaduais da Bahia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-18)
Brito, Luisa Dias
;
Freitas, Denise de
In this study, the curricular configurations designed by undergraduate teacher training courses in the Biological Sciences area of Bahia state universities to implement 400 hours of practice as a curricular component , according to the national Curricular Guidelines for teacher education (DCN), were investigated. The objective of this study was to understand those configurations of the course projects and identify the senses of practice, included in the DCN, which were mobilized for the production of such design. In addition, this study aimed at understanding the processes, conflicts, and disputes involved in this design process. This study was based on the policy cycle approach, a contribution to the analysis of educational policies, proposed by the British researcher Stephen Ball and his collaborators and also on Brazilian studies based on Ball‟s theories and which investigate the current national curricular policies for teacher education. This research was divided into two parts. Firstly, a documental analysis of the courses‟ designs was performed focusing on the identification of how the practice as a curricular component is configured in each design and which practice senses were actually mobilized. In the second part of the research, two of the courses evaluated were investigated through semi-structured interviews with teachers who were involved in the development process for the creation of a curricular space of practice as part of the curricular content. The goal was to identify the conflicts involved in the development of this process. Results: among the 6 projects analyzed, four respond to the DCNs recontextualizing the arguments that justify the special focus on practice in teacher training. In those projects, the practice space focuses on involving the undergraduate students seeking a teacher degree, from the beginning of the course, in the issues and problems related to the educational area in general and in specific areas of teaching, more specifically sciences and biology. Some ideas were recontextualized, for instance, the idea, according to DCN, that the experience the undergraduate students will have with numerous education spaces and/or the problematization of the issues related to professional practice would enable them to reinforce their education as teachers as well as to recognize the complexities inherent in teaching. The projects analyzed are aimed at promoting and articulating different practices from an interdisciplinary perspective focusing on procedures, readings, analyses, discussions, group work, reflexive processes and contact with different educational spaces. It was found that in the other two projects, the DCN argumentations were not mobilizing for the configuration of the curricular space under consideration. The analysis of the interviewee‟s responses indicated the arising of conflicts and the disputes involving the configuration of the curricular space of practice , which were based on the senses attributed to this space: a) in one of the courses, the debates were about whether the practice hours should be part of the specific area disciplines (biology) or they should have their own space in the curriculum; b) in the other course, the debates were about whether the practice should be the place where the undergraduate students would learn to transpose their specific knowledge into teaching science and biology or whether the role of practice as a curricular component would be problematizing issues inherent in professional practice and science and biology teaching. In sum, this study showed that practice as an education-related dimension, has been widely used in the context of undergraduate teacher training courses in Biological Sciences of Bahia state universities through a recontextualization of national curricular policies for teacher education (DCN).
Preparação e caracterização de nanocompósitos a base de poli(álcool vinílico) carregados com nanopartículas de propriedades bactericidas via eletrofiação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-19)
Costa, Rodrigo Guerreiro Fontoura
;
Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1445307502444087
The work in this thesis mainly focuses on the preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)-based nanocomposites loaded with nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2 anatase and TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal treatment) and silver (Ag) designed to test the bactericidal activity of such materials. For this purpose, PVOH aqueous solutions at concentrations of 10 wt.% and 18 wt.% were electrospun. Results of the morphological characterization showed that the average diameters of these fibers are in the range of 77 to 155 nm. Subsequently, the poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVOH)/silver (Ag) nanocomposites were prepared by electrospinning process. These nanofibers were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and MET. SEM images have shown the average diameter of electrospun fibers of around 90 nm. TEM images have shown the nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in the fiber, with an average diameter of 5,8 nm. These materials demonstrated significant antibacterial activities against Stapylococcus aureus (87,8%) and Escherichia coli (85,0%). Likewise, this work presents the characterization of PVOH/TiO2 (anatase, commercial) and PVOH/TiO2 (hydrothermal) nanocomposites. These nanofibers were characterized by SEM, XRD, EDS, TEM, UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, TG, and DSC. The TiO2 loading have been shown to be effective in the nanocomposite, changing the UV absorbance. In an attempt to offer an indirect assessment of the antibacterial activities of these nanocomposites, photocatalytics experiments were carried out using a dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), that have been used to probe the activity of TiO2. Although the degradation degree of RhB using nanofibers of PVOH/TiO2 (anatase) and PVOH/TiO2 (hydrothermal) is lower than nanopowders of TiO2 (anatase) and TiO2 (hydrothermal), conversely, the results have shown that nanofibers have photoactivity indicating that some nanoparticles of TiO2 were on the surface, degrading RhB. However, the PVOH photocatalytic degradation experiment showed that only the TiO2 nanoparticles (anatase and spherical in shape) degraded the PVOH. The results showed that the total weight loss percentage of PVOH in the PVOH/TiO2 fiber is 56% after 1 hour irradiation. The PVOH in nanocomposite PVOH/TiO2 (5wt.%) (hydrothermal) was not degraded due to the rodshaped nanoparticles of TiO2 and the predominance of the rutile crystalline phase, which is known to have less and poor photocatalyst activity than TiO2 anatase phase. In this study, PVOH/TiO2 (anatase), PVOH/TiO2 (hydrothermal), and PVOH/Ag nanocomposites are considered to be promising materials for application in the food industry.
A ascensão da diversidade nas políticas educacionais contemporâneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-20)
Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
;
Abramowicz, Anete
The goal of this dissertation is to analyze the theoretical, practical and political conditions that enabled the emergence of the concept of diversity in educational public policies between the years 2003 and 2006. Utilized as a slogan in the first mandate of former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, particularly in respect to the ministry of Education, this concept has gone through several political utilizations in the public policies of the federal government. The analysis of this process is based on the examination of the different perspectives identified in the national and international debates about culture and education. Some of the most prominent perspectives in these contexts were multiculralism, interculturalism, and black studies. The scenario evinces the existence of a dispute between a universalist diverse perspective of education and another one grounded on cultural difference. As for the evaluation of public policies, the research utilizes as primary sources interviews, discourses and official documents, such as the Government Evaluation 2003-2010, the Multi-annual Plan 2004-2007, and the Budgetary Laws between 2003-2006, administration reports and notifications from Lula´s government, there was a process of institutionalization of diversity policies, but the utilizations of the concept of diversity are unequal and restricted to a few Secretariat of the Ministry of Education. Moreover, the research demonstrated that few of the programs that went through a process of institutionalization which had budgetary purposes, one of the reflexes of the multiple utilizations and diversity projects also in dispute in the political sphere.
Planejamento do processo de suprimento de frutas e legumes na cadeia varejista: estudo de caso e proposta de um método
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-20)
Marqui, Angela Cristina
;
Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3299907254457518
ABSTRACT The basic grocery supply chain and the retailers themselves make use of practices to support management of business processes with the aim of better meeting demand requirements and/or reduced costs of the processes along the supply chain. However, by researching the management of the supply chain of more specific product categories, such as fruit and vegetables, it can be observed that there is a significant difference in management of the supply chain for these products compared to basic grocery. The differences are due to, among other factors, the particularities of the supplier market, competitiveness, and the strategic importance of fruit and vegetables for the retailers. On the other hand, products with shorter shelf life, like fruit and vegetables, require more attention on managing the order-todelivery cycle, so that the availability at point of sale is guaranteed. The lower the order-todelivery cycle, the longer the product will be available before it becomes inappropriate for commercialization. Moreover, differently to the suppliers of basic groceries, the supplier base of fruit and vegetables in a national context are characterized by low professionalization of manpower and poor management infrastructure. In this context, the objective of this project is to develop a method for planning the supply process of fruits and vegetables in retail supply chains . For this purpose it was proposed to undertake case studies in different store formats, distribution centers and first-tier suppliers. As result it is expected to analyze the differences between the categories of basic groceries and fruits and vegetables, thus showing the contextual factors that lead to the need for a method for planning the supply process of fruits and vegetables in retail supply chains. Finally, it is expected to contribute by proposing a method that takes into account such particularities. This research contributes to the theory, since it groups under-researched elements in a specific sector, the fruits and vegetables, in order to contribute to the development of the subject taking into account the Brazilian context. Beside this, it is expected that the results of this thesis contribute to the practice of retail supply chains, particularly the management of supply and distribution of fruit and vegetables items.
Os impactos urbanos na instalação de grandes empreendimentos: um estudo dos supermercados no município de Ribeirão Preto : o EIV como instrumento de gestão urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-21)
Stanganini, Fábio Noel
;
Lollo, José Augusto de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8987677644041247
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600
This dissertation deals with the EIV - Neighborhood Impact Study in setting up business-generating impact, in this case, the supermarkets in the urban area of Ribeirão Preto - SP. The purpose of this dissertation is to present and observe the impacts generated by these businesses post-installation and their damages, whether temporary or permanent, caused by its surroundings and the urban context. Thus, we seek to integrate the establishment of enterprises and quality of urban life that can be achieved in communion with economic growth. Through the use of geo and field studies was done to conduct the dissertation. As a result, it was observed that the installation of supermarkets in urban areas is already consolidated the city and with a standard infrastructure to minimize impacts as parking, traffic generation, noise and others. Supermarkets are potential developments that impact, and these impacts can be minimized with neighborhood impact studies. It is emphasized that the ultimate goal of AI is the search for a combination of environmental and economic factors within the urban environment, not impeding or obstructing the construction, but rather giving technical and scientific support so that this instrument of urban management, help in shaping more sustainable cities.