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Formação inicial de professores de química na região norte: análise das diferentes concepções das IES públicas e de professores e estudantes do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-08) Farias, Sidilene Aquino de; Ferreira, Luiz Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6974383103784984
This research was aimed at the initial formation of Chemistry Teachers in the North Brazilian Region. Thus, it searched out knowing the conceptions of Public Institutions of Higher Education and Secondary Education. There were used, in the data gathering of this qualitative research, a document analysis of the Political-Pedagogic Project (PPP) and the Curricular Matrix (CM) from courses of Chemistry Degree, as well as personal interviews with Course Coordinators, Professors of Supervised Training Period and/or integrating disciplines (Chemistry/Education) and three graduating first-degree students. Participated in the Secondary Education schools Chemistry Teachers and three students from the third form, this last group of subjects also answered a questionnaire. The data was gathered in twelve Chemistry Degree courses from Public Institutions of Higher Education (PIsHE), placed in the following States: Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, e Roraima. Also 26 schools of Secondary Education placed in the same cities as the courses. The results were analysed based on the legal standards and theoretical references ruled in the paradigm of Practical Reasonability. Save some exceptions, was observed that only few cares were allocated for the curricular components Practise as Curricular Component, Pedagogic Dimension and Curricular Training Period. In general, the elaboration of the PPPs occurred with a low involvement of professors. It was realized that in the majority of the courses, the Chemistry contents are the more appreciated items, as in the CM, in timetable terms, as the subjects report. Some students, though, highlight fails in the pedagogical formation and in the proximity necessary with the school. It was noticed that PIsHE are on the opposite way of the Secondary Education teachers and students craving, once these ones pointed the pedagogical knowledge as the most important characteristics for a teacher. The students, for example, propose that the PIsHE prepare the future teacher to understand the students difficulties and to teach differently . Furthermore, three subjects groups condition the course s quality improvement to the compromise and pedagogical qualification of the educator; employment of teachers from Chemistry Education, aiming for a Chemistry/education relation.
Efeitos da presença de macrófitas aquáticas nos macroinvertebrados de córregos tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-08) Fonseca, Daniel Gonçalves da; Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623315609149062
The riparian forest deforestation by pasture activities allows greater solar incidence on the streams bed. The high input of light favours the development of aquatic macrophytes, which also contributing with the high primary production rate and are important substrate for aquatic organisms. This substrate generates stability subunities and complex microhabitats which are used as refugee, places and feeding source and interfere in the trophic relations in the streams. Benthic macroinvertebrates can be affected in several ways by fish (predators) through direct effects (feeding) or indirect effects (predation risk, bio-perturbation, trophic links). However, the complexity offered by the macrophytes can influence the trophic interactions between fish and the macroinvertebrates, decreasing the predation pressure and allowing the coexistence among these organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the macrophyte influence on the aquatic communities. With the purpose of facilitate the understanding, the study was divided in two chapters: (1) It compared the macroinvertebrate assemblages present in sites with or without macrophytes in three different streams; (2) It evaluated the aquatic macrophyte effects on the colonization of macroinvertebrate communities and on the predation interaction between macroinvertebrates and fish, using an experiment with exclusion cages in two streams. The results allow a better understanding of the functional processes in the structure of the streams, providing knowledge about the human interaction effects on the functioning of these systems.