Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2011-04-14"

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BlueYou: uma plataforma de comunicação ciente de contexto baseada em serviços para computação móvel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-14)
Almeida, Ricardo Aparecido Perez de
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Guardia, Hélio Crestana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0757467522077216
The raising number of mobile devices with high computing capacity and support to different wireless transmission technologies has been motivating the creation of communication services capable to provide information to users anytime and anywhere. Particularly, it s possible to note the existence of a massive number of devices equipped with the Bluetooth communication technology, available in millions of devices. Plenty of mechanisms for content dissemination and sharing have been developed for use with Bluetooth technology in different application scenarios, such as mobile marketing, u-commerce and mobile learning. Most of these mechanisms, however, are used for specific purposes or are highly dependent on a communication infrastructure. Moreover, most of them use only little information about different contexts related to the environment, the users and the state of the devices involved in the transmissions. This work presents the project and a feasibility analysis of a context-aware communication platform that enables the delivery of data to mobile devices. Different types of information may be delivered, as produced by the execution of services which generate or retrieve them prior to transmission. Transmissions to the devices occur via wireless communication technologies, especially the Bluetooth. Called BlueYou, this platform makes use of context information and the profiles of mobile device to set policies for content delivery and content adaptation. Moreover, in order to expand the access to the services that generate the contents to deliver by BlueYou, the platform is integrated with a communication mechanism that creates an opportunistic ad hoc networking between mobile devices to transmit data to a particular recipient. As a result, it is expected that BlueYou can be widely used without requiring high deployment costs (financial, technological or time), and can serve as a basis for future studies involving communication patterns and interaction between users of mobile technologies.
John Stuart Mill e a Filosofia das Ciências Sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-14)
Junta, Cristiano Moraes
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Cass, Mark Julian Richter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549114665097353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3847386584166153
We analyzed John Stuart Mill s book System of Logic Inductive and Deductive. Our aim are present the philosophy of social science formulate by Mill in this book. The discussion empathize the millian interpretation of inductive methods. At last, we make the critical balance of those conceptions in relation of methodology of social science in confrontation with Emile Durkheim s opinions.
Novas ligas formadoras de fase amorfa do sistema Ni-Nb-Zr e seu comportamento mecânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-15)
Santos, Fabricio Simão dos
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Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5443002033733395
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2720282515226804
Ni-based amorphizable alloys in the bulk form show a good combination of properties, with high mechanical strength and hardness, good ductility and excellent corrosion resistance. These alloys have been used in recent technological applications, for example, in pressure sensors and micro-geared motors. Particularly, Ni-Nb-Zr alloys with amorphous structure show, in addition to good mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance in acid medium due to the formation of a Nb- and Zr-rich passive film. In this context, the purpose of this project is to develop Ni-Nb-Zr alloys with high glass-forming ability (GFA) by using the topological λ criterion combined with the average electronegativity difference, Δe , and to carry out its mechanical characterization by nanoindentation. Ni45.5Nb23Zr31.5, Ni50Nb28Zr22, Ni57Nb17.5Zr25.5 and Ni79Nb8.5Zr12.5 alloys were selected and produced in the form of melt-spun ribbons and copper mold cast wedges. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nanoindentation. Results from the processing of wedge samples revealed the highest GFA for the Ni50Nb28Zr22 alloy, which presented 60% of amorphous fraction for a thickness of 200 μm and 23% for thickness of 320-480 μm. The alloy Ni45.5Nb23Zr31.5 showed the second highest GFA, making possible to obtain 14% of amorphous fraction for a thickness of 240 μm. The hardness and reduced elastic modulus of the ribbon samples increased in the following order: Ni45.5Nb23Zr31.5 < Ni50Nb28Zr22 < Ni57Nb17.5Zr25.5. For the Ni50Nb28Zr22 alloy, it was attained higher hardness and elastic modulus and lower plastic energy for the wedge compared to the ribbon, which can be ascribed to the higher amount of free volume in the structure of the amorphous ribbon. The compressive yield stress (σy,C) of this alloy was estimated to be 2.5 and 3.2 GPa for ribbon and wedge, respectively. viii
Complexos do tipo cis-[Ru(L-phen)2(apy)2]2+ com interesse no tratamento de Mal de Alzheimer: propriedades físico-químicas e estudos de inibição da Acetilcolina Esterase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-15)
Chinini, Guilherme Luiz
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Carlos, Rose Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8779203176912828
The photochemical and photophysical properties of the cis-[Ru(phen)2(4apy)2]2+ complex where 4apy= 4-aminopyridine are reported. In this work the complexes are thermically stable throughout the course of many hours in non-aqueous and aqueous solution and highly colored (red solution in the most of solvents). The absorption is characterized by two broad shoulders and an intense emission is found at 640 nm. Upon photolysis in aqueous solution, accompanied by spectroscopic techniques (UVvis, luminescence, 1H NMR, HPLC) cis-[Ru(phen)2(4apy)2]2+ complex loses the 4apy ligand to give the aquo complexes: cis-[Ru(phen)2(4apy)(H2O)]2+, cis- [Ru(phen)2(H2O)2]2+ and trans-[Ru(phen)2(H2O)2]2+. The aquo complexes have been synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The photochemical mechanism is confirmed by TD-DFT calculations. Considering the role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the Alzheimer disease treatments, the prepared complexes were tested for AChE inhibition using the Ellman and fluorimetric methods. In these studies Tacrine (hydrochloride-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-amine) was used for comparison purposes. The complexes were also evaluated for their toxicity towards to 3T3 and NG97 cells. The cis-complex binds with micromolar affinity to AChE and display an IC50 of 1.38. The cis-complex is a reversible competitive inhibitor while Tacrine gives mixed and uncompetitive inhibition with acetylcholine as the substrate. Citotoxicity studies showed that the cis complex presents a higher citoxicity against NG97 cells (IC50= 39.84 μmol.mL-1) and a lower citotoxicity toward 3T3 cell. We evaluated the in situ emissive activity of the complex cis-[Ru(phen)2(4apy)2]2+ through confocal microscopy, obtaining the expected contrast as well as the emissive loss resulting from the photolysis process. Overall, these results are of particular interest for designing intelligent metallodrugs based on photochemical and photophysical processes and offer promising potentials for the treatment of Alzheimer diseases.
Enunciados comunicativos de uma jovem usuária de comunicação alternativa e seus parceiros de comunicação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-18)
Silva, Aline Pillegi da
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Almeida, Maria Amélia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1450987784698792
Communication, innate and essential factor to human development, finds itself present in every moment of life. However, communication is not based just on speech, on orality. For a more efficient communication, we have facial and body expressions helping. For individuals who have no speech or speech is unintelligible, we can make use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication. The point of this study is to trace and analyze the profile of communicative statements of two young girls of thirteen years old, Marcela, cerebral palsy, literate, who not maintain oral function and uses alternative communication system, and Miriam, with normal development who uses speech to communicate (subject control). This research is part of a cross-cultural project that aims to describe how the understanding and expressing of certain kinds of utterances graphics occurs in children and young people of different ages and in different countries that uses alternative communication systems, and how these statements are understood by partners - parents, teachers and peers. The alternative system used by the participant with cerebral palsy consisted of pictures of family, words and sentences, alphabet and numerals in the format of a book of alternative communication. To collect data we used the following instruments: semi-structured interview with the mother, teacher, Marcela and Miriam; evaluation of the communication system held by Marcela`s mother and her teacher; standardized instruments for rating intelligence, receptive language, motor skills; communicative tasks applied to the two participants (comprehension tasks and production). Data revealed that the mother was the more competent communication partner, had more knowledge about the use of alternative communication system and favored the development of Marcela`s alternative language. Data also revealed that Marcela had no difficulties in comprehensive and expressive language, compared with his partner, Miriam. The main difference in the answers from Marcela and Miriam was about the response time. Marcela tok a longer time to give the answers, compared with Miriam. This is due to the fact of Marcela using augmentative and alternative communication to give the answers while Miriam uses speech. It can be concluded that individuals with impaired speech, with normal cognitive development, can communicate itself as effectively as individuals without impairment of speech, since the alternative communication system is implemented effectively and their communication partners are trained in the use of AAC.
A configuração da prática como componente curricular nos cursos de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas das Universidades Estaduais da Bahia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-18)
Brito, Luisa Dias
;
Freitas, Denise de
In this study, the curricular configurations designed by undergraduate teacher training courses in the Biological Sciences area of Bahia state universities to implement 400 hours of practice as a curricular component , according to the national Curricular Guidelines for teacher education (DCN), were investigated. The objective of this study was to understand those configurations of the course projects and identify the senses of practice, included in the DCN, which were mobilized for the production of such design. In addition, this study aimed at understanding the processes, conflicts, and disputes involved in this design process. This study was based on the policy cycle approach, a contribution to the analysis of educational policies, proposed by the British researcher Stephen Ball and his collaborators and also on Brazilian studies based on Ball‟s theories and which investigate the current national curricular policies for teacher education. This research was divided into two parts. Firstly, a documental analysis of the courses‟ designs was performed focusing on the identification of how the practice as a curricular component is configured in each design and which practice senses were actually mobilized. In the second part of the research, two of the courses evaluated were investigated through semi-structured interviews with teachers who were involved in the development process for the creation of a curricular space of practice as part of the curricular content. The goal was to identify the conflicts involved in the development of this process. Results: among the 6 projects analyzed, four respond to the DCNs recontextualizing the arguments that justify the special focus on practice in teacher training. In those projects, the practice space focuses on involving the undergraduate students seeking a teacher degree, from the beginning of the course, in the issues and problems related to the educational area in general and in specific areas of teaching, more specifically sciences and biology. Some ideas were recontextualized, for instance, the idea, according to DCN, that the experience the undergraduate students will have with numerous education spaces and/or the problematization of the issues related to professional practice would enable them to reinforce their education as teachers as well as to recognize the complexities inherent in teaching. The projects analyzed are aimed at promoting and articulating different practices from an interdisciplinary perspective focusing on procedures, readings, analyses, discussions, group work, reflexive processes and contact with different educational spaces. It was found that in the other two projects, the DCN argumentations were not mobilizing for the configuration of the curricular space under consideration. The analysis of the interviewee‟s responses indicated the arising of conflicts and the disputes involving the configuration of the curricular space of practice , which were based on the senses attributed to this space: a) in one of the courses, the debates were about whether the practice hours should be part of the specific area disciplines (biology) or they should have their own space in the curriculum; b) in the other course, the debates were about whether the practice should be the place where the undergraduate students would learn to transpose their specific knowledge into teaching science and biology or whether the role of practice as a curricular component would be problematizing issues inherent in professional practice and science and biology teaching. In sum, this study showed that practice as an education-related dimension, has been widely used in the context of undergraduate teacher training courses in Biological Sciences of Bahia state universities through a recontextualization of national curricular policies for teacher education (DCN).
Preparação e caracterização de nanocompósitos a base de poli(álcool vinílico) carregados com nanopartículas de propriedades bactericidas via eletrofiação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-19)
Costa, Rodrigo Guerreiro Fontoura
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1445307502444087
The work in this thesis mainly focuses on the preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)-based nanocomposites loaded with nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2 anatase and TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal treatment) and silver (Ag) designed to test the bactericidal activity of such materials. For this purpose, PVOH aqueous solutions at concentrations of 10 wt.% and 18 wt.% were electrospun. Results of the morphological characterization showed that the average diameters of these fibers are in the range of 77 to 155 nm. Subsequently, the poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVOH)/silver (Ag) nanocomposites were prepared by electrospinning process. These nanofibers were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and MET. SEM images have shown the average diameter of electrospun fibers of around 90 nm. TEM images have shown the nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in the fiber, with an average diameter of 5,8 nm. These materials demonstrated significant antibacterial activities against Stapylococcus aureus (87,8%) and Escherichia coli (85,0%). Likewise, this work presents the characterization of PVOH/TiO2 (anatase, commercial) and PVOH/TiO2 (hydrothermal) nanocomposites. These nanofibers were characterized by SEM, XRD, EDS, TEM, UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, TG, and DSC. The TiO2 loading have been shown to be effective in the nanocomposite, changing the UV absorbance. In an attempt to offer an indirect assessment of the antibacterial activities of these nanocomposites, photocatalytics experiments were carried out using a dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), that have been used to probe the activity of TiO2. Although the degradation degree of RhB using nanofibers of PVOH/TiO2 (anatase) and PVOH/TiO2 (hydrothermal) is lower than nanopowders of TiO2 (anatase) and TiO2 (hydrothermal), conversely, the results have shown that nanofibers have photoactivity indicating that some nanoparticles of TiO2 were on the surface, degrading RhB. However, the PVOH photocatalytic degradation experiment showed that only the TiO2 nanoparticles (anatase and spherical in shape) degraded the PVOH. The results showed that the total weight loss percentage of PVOH in the PVOH/TiO2 fiber is 56% after 1 hour irradiation. The PVOH in nanocomposite PVOH/TiO2 (5wt.%) (hydrothermal) was not degraded due to the rodshaped nanoparticles of TiO2 and the predominance of the rutile crystalline phase, which is known to have less and poor photocatalyst activity than TiO2 anatase phase. In this study, PVOH/TiO2 (anatase), PVOH/TiO2 (hydrothermal), and PVOH/Ag nanocomposites are considered to be promising materials for application in the food industry.
A ascensão da diversidade nas políticas educacionais contemporâneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-20)
Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
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Abramowicz, Anete
The goal of this dissertation is to analyze the theoretical, practical and political conditions that enabled the emergence of the concept of diversity in educational public policies between the years 2003 and 2006. Utilized as a slogan in the first mandate of former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, particularly in respect to the ministry of Education, this concept has gone through several political utilizations in the public policies of the federal government. The analysis of this process is based on the examination of the different perspectives identified in the national and international debates about culture and education. Some of the most prominent perspectives in these contexts were multiculralism, interculturalism, and black studies. The scenario evinces the existence of a dispute between a universalist diverse perspective of education and another one grounded on cultural difference. As for the evaluation of public policies, the research utilizes as primary sources interviews, discourses and official documents, such as the Government Evaluation 2003-2010, the Multi-annual Plan 2004-2007, and the Budgetary Laws between 2003-2006, administration reports and notifications from Lula´s government, there was a process of institutionalization of diversity policies, but the utilizations of the concept of diversity are unequal and restricted to a few Secretariat of the Ministry of Education. Moreover, the research demonstrated that few of the programs that went through a process of institutionalization which had budgetary purposes, one of the reflexes of the multiple utilizations and diversity projects also in dispute in the political sphere.
Planejamento do processo de suprimento de frutas e legumes na cadeia varejista: estudo de caso e proposta de um método
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-20)
Marqui, Angela Cristina
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3299907254457518
ABSTRACT The basic grocery supply chain and the retailers themselves make use of practices to support management of business processes with the aim of better meeting demand requirements and/or reduced costs of the processes along the supply chain. However, by researching the management of the supply chain of more specific product categories, such as fruit and vegetables, it can be observed that there is a significant difference in management of the supply chain for these products compared to basic grocery. The differences are due to, among other factors, the particularities of the supplier market, competitiveness, and the strategic importance of fruit and vegetables for the retailers. On the other hand, products with shorter shelf life, like fruit and vegetables, require more attention on managing the order-todelivery cycle, so that the availability at point of sale is guaranteed. The lower the order-todelivery cycle, the longer the product will be available before it becomes inappropriate for commercialization. Moreover, differently to the suppliers of basic groceries, the supplier base of fruit and vegetables in a national context are characterized by low professionalization of manpower and poor management infrastructure. In this context, the objective of this project is to develop a method for planning the supply process of fruits and vegetables in retail supply chains . For this purpose it was proposed to undertake case studies in different store formats, distribution centers and first-tier suppliers. As result it is expected to analyze the differences between the categories of basic groceries and fruits and vegetables, thus showing the contextual factors that lead to the need for a method for planning the supply process of fruits and vegetables in retail supply chains. Finally, it is expected to contribute by proposing a method that takes into account such particularities. This research contributes to the theory, since it groups under-researched elements in a specific sector, the fruits and vegetables, in order to contribute to the development of the subject taking into account the Brazilian context. Beside this, it is expected that the results of this thesis contribute to the practice of retail supply chains, particularly the management of supply and distribution of fruit and vegetables items.
Os impactos urbanos na instalação de grandes empreendimentos: um estudo dos supermercados no município de Ribeirão Preto : o EIV como instrumento de gestão urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-21)
Stanganini, Fábio Noel
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Lollo, José Augusto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8987677644041247
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600
This dissertation deals with the EIV - Neighborhood Impact Study in setting up business-generating impact, in this case, the supermarkets in the urban area of Ribeirão Preto - SP. The purpose of this dissertation is to present and observe the impacts generated by these businesses post-installation and their damages, whether temporary or permanent, caused by its surroundings and the urban context. Thus, we seek to integrate the establishment of enterprises and quality of urban life that can be achieved in communion with economic growth. Through the use of geo and field studies was done to conduct the dissertation. As a result, it was observed that the installation of supermarkets in urban areas is already consolidated the city and with a standard infrastructure to minimize impacts as parking, traffic generation, noise and others. Supermarkets are potential developments that impact, and these impacts can be minimized with neighborhood impact studies. It is emphasized that the ultimate goal of AI is the search for a combination of environmental and economic factors within the urban environment, not impeding or obstructing the construction, but rather giving technical and scientific support so that this instrument of urban management, help in shaping more sustainable cities.
Uso da língua eletrônica na avaliação de soluções ultradiluídas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-23)
Laranjeira, Mateus Silva
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Riul Júnior, Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0751163307734256
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2282063265851486
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Miranda, Paulo Barbeitas
In this work it was used an electronic tongue constituted by ultrathin films of distinct materials deposited on gold interdigitated electrodes. According to the impedance measurements taken, it was tested if the device is able to differentiate highly diluted liquid systems. Solutions highly diluted and dynamically prepared were made at the laboratories of Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (USP) by Profa. Dra Marilisa Guimarães Lara. Experimental data acquisition was conducted by blind tests measurements involving samples with the same active principle (belladona) at distinct molar concentrations. We have made a comparison between conventional measurements taken at 1 kHZ and tan  values in addition to, in some cases, the tan  results favour the samples correlation throughout the Principal Component Analysis technique, by which it was possible the distinction of highly diluted solutions, with a good statistical correlation of the systems analysed. Moreover, it was made an in-situ impedance investigation during the growth of the layer-by-layer films used as sensing units, aiming a better comprehension of the fabrication process of these films onto interdigitated electrodes.
Avaliação do desenvolvimento infantil em Programas de Saúde da Família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-25)
Sigolo, Ana Regina Lucato
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Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2474882255218417
This paper aimed to determine the contribution of development screening instrument in the reporting from parents on child assessment accomplished in the Family Health Program. Thereunto it was proposed the following specific objectives: 1) to locate a screening tool for development in the literature, appointed by it as the most relevant and appropriate, based on reports from parents, in order to identify possible signs of risk for the development (step 1), 2) to verify types of notes in medical records (step 2) and if nature of these notes changes after doctors had knowledge of the research objectives (step 3), 3) to verify if there is a discrepancy among information contained in records of the child and those provided by the instrument from reported information by the person responsible for implementation of the instrument (step 4), 4) to evaluate, with physicians and nurses from the Family Health Program, the contribution of introducing an assessment of development based on evaluation of parents to identify signs of risk in development (step 5). Participated this research five doctors, five nurses, 60 parents/ children‟s guardians aged zero to two years attended in five units from Family Health Program. In step 1, through documentary research, it was selected an existent tool on the literature for screening of child development. The steps 2 and 3 were to medical records analysis of 12 children attended in each unit (60 records at each step) in a period before and after (respectively) of knowledge research objectives by doctors. In step 4, it was conducted interviews with families and application of instrument selected with parents / guardians of 12 children attended in each unit. In step five, doctors and nurses were interviewed about the adequacy and functionality of the instrument. It analyzed qualitative and quantitative results according previously defined with classes of response, categories and subcategories. It was hoped thereby to verify the utility of this practice in the Family Health Units and thus it contribute to the early detection of children‟s development delays in public health system. As a result of step 1 was accomplished an adaptation of the instrument defined "File Monitoring of Development" proposed by the Health Ministry. In steps 2 and 3 can be observed prevalence of health complaints and medical behaviors also related to health in medical records and there was no difference in the nature of medical notes after the knowledge of the goals of searching for them. In step 4, the results showed that 38 of 60 (63.34%) children who didn‟t show a normal development for their age, their medical records didn‟t have any information regarding the risk/delay detected by the instrument. And in step 5, 66.67% of respondents said that information provided by parents had to be considered complementary to the evaluation of the child, because in most cases, weren‟t totally reliable information. However, everybody reported to be possible to introduce into the routine of the Family Health Program evaluation procedures of child development, even with existence of some difficulties, this practice is keeping fundamental importance in child health.
Conflitos no campo jurídico em torno da profissionalização da mediação judicial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-27)
Ozores, Audria Helena de Souza Perez
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Bonelli, Maria da Glória
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2534537894297019
The present work seeks to analyze the relationship between the mediators in the judicial sector Judicial Mediation in the city of São Paulo called Comarca Azul and agents of the world of law: lawyers and judges. Just as lawyers, mediators develop different strategies to achieve better positions and distinctions within this field. Our goal was to understand the meanings of these local around the mediation field marked by the pursuit of ownership of the practice of this activity and the authority to speak and act with legitimacy. The methodology used was based on a qualitative approach with interviews, participant observation and document analysis, aiming to realize negotiations and dispute within the group of professionals in the legal world.
Análise das questões do ENEM da área de Ciências Naturais pelo enfoque CTS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-27)
Ferreira, Sergio Daniel
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
ENEM has been viewed as a strategy to develop competencies and skills in students, making them more participatory and integrated with the environment in which they live. Added to this, scientific literacy has been developing research and debate on issues involving science, technology and society. Realizing the importance and political dimension, both social and educational issues have taken, this research develops through Content Analysis, a research from the perspective of a particular conception of education in the evaluation of CTS present ENEM in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007. We propose to first do a survey and study of the present discussion of STS education in line with science teaching, then do the same in the documentation and materials ENEM in the area of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and its technologies and, finally, examine the issues in the assessments ENEM, looking for answers: The array of references ENEM, used for construction of the questions from the skills and abilities, brings correlations with the assumptions of an STS Education adopted in this work? The intention with this project, contribute to the study of STS education and focus on this analysis in the development and qualification of high school.
Ação das enzimas extracelulares na dinâmica da decomposição de macrófitas aquáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-28)
Sciessere, Luciana
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0782646321102015
Given the importance of mineralization processes to the knowledge of biogeochemical cycles in aquatic environments and aiming to detail these processes through enzymatic activities of microorganisms which act on aquatic macrophytes detritus, this study had as main goals to determine the dynamics of five enzymes activities which act on degradation of lignocellulosic wastes (endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4 and EC 3.2.1.91), β- xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), β-1,4-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.2)) and the annual succession and efficiency of these enzymes during aquatic macrophytes decomposition, according to intrinsic (fiber content and chemical quality) and extrinsicconditions (temperature, pH, condition of oxygenation and proximity of sediment) in two aquatic systems. The experiments were conducted in the ecological station of Jataí (Luiz Antonio SP). For each experiment 216 litter bags (20 × 20 cm; ф pore = 0.4 mm) were prepared with fragments of Salvinia molesta (10 g (DW)), Eichhornia azurea (15 g (DW)), Cyperus giganteus (Exp. I) and Eleocharis sp. (Exp. II) (15 g (DW)) previously dried. The litter bags were incubated in 3 different sites in two depths: surface (≈ 0.2 m) and sediment-water interface (≈ 3.0 m) at Lagoa do Óleo (oxbow lagoon) in January 2008 and Represa do Beija-Flor (reservoir) in January 2009. Each sampling day (1, 3, 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350) three litter bags of each depth were collected and taken to the laboratory for remaining particulate matter analysis. Taking into account the similarity observed between the systems, it was considered that those detritus were decomposed into acid environment with low nutrient availability (at least part of the year) and, mostly, aerobic (anaerobic periods could have occurred in s-w interface). The chemical quality, characterized by C:N ratio, exercised greatest influence on POMR mass loss and decay coefficients. Enzyme activity on the studied detritus was initiated at the same time of leaching process, intensively. After this period, a decrease in this activity was observed, occurring intermediate peaks. Until the 350th day of decomposition there was a predominance of hydrolytic enzymes activity in relation to oxidative enzymes. There was a direct relationship between mass loss and enzyme activity, related mainly to xylanase activity.
Nanopartículas de Pt suportadas em Al2O3 e CeO2-Al2O3: síntese e caracterização de catalisadores aplicados à reação de deslocamento gás-água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-28)
Ribeiro, Renata Uema
;
Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9202692096525582
Colloidal Pt nanoparticles were synthesized according to an adapted procedure from Song and co-workers [1], which it was based on the reduction of dihydrogen hexachloroplatinate by ethylene glycol in a basic solution, but using two PVP/Pt = 0,2 and 10 ratio. Both the ratio lead to monodisperse platinum nanoparticles with similar sizes (2.0 and 2.8 nm). Colloidal Pt nanoparticles solutions were incorporated into alumina during sol-gel synthesis and showed different stabilities when submitted to thermal treatment in synthetic air, He and H2 atmospheres. PVP/Pt ratio added to nanoparticles after synthesis was the main parameter considered to the stability of the particles on the support. Using a minor PVP/Pt ratio lead to particles agglomerates during calcinations step in synthetic air. On the other hand, when an excess of PVP was used stable and disperse particles were obtained during a severe thermal treatment. The anchoring of particles into support during incorporation stage could be the most plausible explanation for this. Platinum nanocatalysts supported on alumina and ceriaalumina showed catalytic activity for the water gas shift reaction. CO conversion data indicated that the increasing of CeO2 loading of 12 to 20% lead to an improvement in the catalytic activity. XPS measurements after pre-treatment in H2 confirmed the presence of Pt+on the catalyst surface containing ceria, suggesting some metal-support interaction. In situ characterization techniques allowed to a better understanding of species involved into water gas shift reaction mechanism. Through X-ray absorption near edge structure in the Pt edge measurements showed reduced Pt during reaction for all catalysts, suggesting that similar electronic density of sites was present. This was also observed in CO adsorbed DRIFTS measurements. Nevertheless, XANES spectra in the Ce edge showed some changes in oxidation state of Ce during the reaction, indicating the occurrence of redox mechanism, mediated by ceria. In situ DRIFTS experiments showed little concentrations of formates and carbonates species on the catalyst surface during the reaction, suggesting that more than one mechanism may occur simultaneously.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos eletroanalíticos para a determinação de antioxidantes e corantes em produtos alimentícios empregando um eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-29)
Medeiros, Roberta Antigo
;
Fatibello Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3760577547828061
The following topics were investigated in this thesis: a) the electrochemical response of a boron-doped diamond electrode, after different electrochemical pretreatments, for two antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole BHA and butylated hydroxytoluene BHT) and three food colorants (tartrazine TT, sunset yellow SY, and brilliant blue BB); b) the development of electroanalytical methods for the simultaneous determination of these antioxidants and colorants, using pulse voltammetric techniques (SWV and DPV) and the multiple pulse amperometric technique coupled to a FIA system (MPA-FIA). In general, for the antioxidants as well as the food colorants, lower redox potentials and higher intensities of peak current were obtained after the BDD electrode underwent cathodic pretreatment on its surface. Better analytical conditions for the determination of both antioxidants in 0.01 mol L-1 KNO3 (30% v/v ethanol; pHcond. = 1.5) were obtained using SWV, which was selected for the simultaneous determination of BHA and BHT, when a 300 mV separation between their oxidation peak potentials was attained. The corresponding analytical curves were linear in the concentration range 5.99 × 10-7 to 1.01 × 10-5 mol L-1, with detection limits of 1.45 10-7 mol L-1, for BHA, and 2.47 10-7 mol L-1, for BHT. The simultaneous determination of these antioxidants was also carried out using MPA-FIA, applying a dualpotential waveform: Edet.1 = 850 mV / 200 ms and Edet.2 = 1150 mV / 200 ms vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L-1 KCl). Only BHA is oxidized at Edet.1, while both BHA and BHT are oxidized at Edet.2; thus, IBHA = IEdet.1 and IBHT = IEdet.2 - IEdet.1. The respective analytical curves presented a good linearity in the investigated concentration ranges (4.80 10-8 - 3.00 10-6 mol L-1, for BHA, and 6.80 10-7 6.80 10-5 mol L-1, for BHT), with detection limits of 3.00 10-8 mol L-1, for BHA, and 4.00 10-7 mol L-1, for BHT. DPV was used for the simultaneous voltammetric determination of the colorant pairs TT and SY or BB and SY; in the 0.10 mol L-1 H2SO4 supporting electrolyte, the separation between the reduction peak potentials was 150 mV, for TT and SY, and 189 mV, for BB and SY. The corresponding analytical curves were obtained in the concentration ranges 9.99 × 10-8 - 5.66 × 10-6 mol L-1, for TT, and 2.00 × 10-8 - 4.76 × 10-6 mol L-1, for SY, 5.96 × 10-7 - 9.90 × 10-6 mol L-1, for BB, and 9.99 × 10-8 - 4.76 × 10-6 mol L-1, for SY. The obtained detection limits were 6.27 × 10-8 mol L-1 and 1.31 × 10-8 mol L-1 for the pair TT and SY, respectively, and 1.43 × 10-7 mol L-1 and 2.56 × 10-8 mol L-1, for the pair BB and SY, respectively. An MPA-FIA procedure for the simultaneous determination of these pairs of colorants was also developed. The dual-potential waveform was the following: Edet.1 = -150 mV / 400 ms, when only SY is reduced, and Edet.2 = -450 mV / 100 ms vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L-1 KCl), when both TT and SY or BB and SY are reduced. Detection limits of 2.55 10-6 mol L-1 and 8.10 10-7 mol L-1 were obtained for colorant pair TT and SY, respectively, and 3.52 10-6 mol L-1 and 8.54 10-7 mol L-1, for the pair BB and SY, respectively. Finally, the proposed methods were successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of those antioxidants and colorants in food products; the obtained results were satisfactory and similar to those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography methods adopted as comparative methods.
Avaliação sistemática do efeito de matriz em ensaios bioanalíticos por LC-MS/MS para a análise de rifampicina em fluidos biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-29)
Iceri, Taciane Mitsuko
;
Oliveira, Regina Vincenzi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609377714413073
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9365883330503284
Bioanalytical assays by LC-MS/MS were conducted in order to investigate the matrix effect (ME) in the analysis of rifampicin (RIF) in biological matrices, human plasma or microsomal fractions, which were submitted to different sample pretreatment procedures: 1) off-line – solid phase extraction (SPE), protein precipitation using acetonitrila (PP(ACN)) or methanol (PP(MeOH)) and 2) on-line – by using of a restricted access media (RAM) bovine serum albumin (BSA) octyl column in a single or multidimensional mode of analysis. The ME was also determined through the employment of different chromatographic conditions and different mechanisms of ionization. Conventional stationary phases (C18 Nucleosil homemade; 5 μm, 100 Å) and columns with Fused Core technology (C18 Supelco Ascentis® Express; 2,7 μm, 90 Å), as well as, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray (ESI) were investigated in this work. Among the off-line sample clean-up (RIF 50 g/mL) procedures evaluated in the quantitative ME experiments by LC-ESI-MS/MS, it was found that SPE showed to be more efficient in the reduction of ME. Additionally, the chromatographic conditions using the Ascentis Express column provided the best result for ME reduction. Therefore, the Ascentis Express column was chosen to be used in the evaluation of the ionization mechanisms in either quantitative or qualitative experiments using off-line extraction configuration and, in all results obtained, the ESI ionization was less susceptible to ME than APCI. The assays of biological samples spiked before and after the off-line clean-up procedures also provided results for recovery (RE) and process efficiency (PE). For the sample preparation using the on-line RAM-C8-BSA column (5,0 x 0,46 cm I.D.; 10 m, 100 Å) two methods were developed: 1) single mode and 2) multidimensional configuration of analysis, with the C18 Ascentis Express in the second chromatographic dimension. In these procedures the ESI ionization was the ionization source employed. The ME was measured for RIF (500 ng/mL) and when the microsomal fractions was the biological fluid, the multidimensional configuration allowed a reduction of ME from 47.86 % to 14.63 % by comparing to the single mode result. For the human plasma was not possible to obtain a ME profile since this Abstract / xxvi comparison was hampered by the unidimensional data (RSD = 38.73 %). In most cases, when the results obtained from microsomal fractions and human plasma were compared, there was no predominant ME correlation between both matrices for all extraction procedures off-line and on-line. In this work, the rifampicin LC-MS/MS analysis was performed in positive ion mode, monitoring the m/z 823  791 transition.
As vicissitudes de famílias que convivem com a violência: um estudo longitudinal com intervenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-29)
Pereira, Paulo Celso
;
Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
Family violence is an international phenomenon, victimizing, among others, primarily women and children. The child may be the target of abuse (direct violence) and/or being exposed to marital violence (indirect violence). Women are the preferential victim of marital aggression. Such factors are serious risk factor for any stage of development. The objectives of the present study were: 1) conducting a longitudinal study to investigate the events over time (four years) of families living with violence, in order to: a) determine the impact of family violence on children's school performance; b) identify risk and protective factors present in the current context of family violence, and c) identifying a history of victimization of the father and his views on family violence (Study 1); and 2) implementing and evaluating an intervention program to teach parenting skills to mothers who are victims of domestic violence, and whose children were also victimized (Study 2). Participants in Study 1 were 18 adolescents, 17 mothers and 12 fathers. The adolescents were assessed at school and responded to the Parenting Styles Inventory (IEP), presented a sample of their school notebook and Report Card in terms of Math and Portuguese grades, as well as producing an essay in terms of a particular drawing as analysis of their writing skills. Mothers and fathers were assessed in their respective homes, answering a semi-structured interview. The data obtained from the longitudinal study (Study 1) revealed that most families overcame two serious risk factors which had ceased: family violence and the use of alcohol or drugs. In terms of domestic violence, the cessation of violence against women was statistically significant, a positive outcome, which also means the end of the exposure of children to marital aggression. The condition of poverty in the families has remained over time. Except for one adolescent, all others attended school, which in this study served as a protective factor. More than half of youngsters maintained or improved their school performance. In Study 2, these 17 mothers participated of an intervention program called Project Parceria (Partnership), consisting of 16 weekly sessions conducted in the homes of participants. Mothers filled an Evaluation Sheet Daily of their sense of well-being and of maternal competence. The intervention program was evaluated in three stages: pre-intervention, post intervention and followup. In addition, for the evaluation of the intervention mothers answered the following instruments: Parenting Styles Inventory (IEP), The Inventory of Child Abuse Potential (CAP), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Children (SDQ). The intervention program had total attendance by mothers, which is unusual, considering the vulnerability profile of these families. The data that evaluated the program indicated favorable results, especially regarding the IEP and SDQ, as the increase in scores from pre-intervention to post-intervention, for such instruments was statistically significant. In conclusion, despite the crystallization of risk factors, family, social and/or school resources have acted as facilitators of resilience. The study showed that it is possible and feasible to conduct intervention with vulnerable families with psychosocial risk. Implementation of other longitudinal studies is suggested, as well as the replication of the intervention program.
Análise do alinhamento da estratégia de marcas próprias do atacado distribuidor em relação às perspectivas dos clientes varejistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-04-29)
Piato, Éderson Luiz
;
Silva, Andrea Lago da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1439984077907071
For the past few years, wholesalers have shown strong involvement with marketing strategies, including private labels management. This study aims at evaluating the alignment between wholesalers private labels strategy and its retailing customers perspectives, analysing the marketing elements involved in this relationship. This is a qualitative research with exploratory purpose. The research was developed in five sequential phases. In phase one, secondary data was collected though bibliographic research. During phase two, research s elements and questions were defined. Wholesalers were contacted during phase three, asking for retailers contacts from their database (retailers that buy private labels from the wholesalers). During this phase, a pre-test of the study was developed with two different retailers. In phase four, semi-structured interviews with managers and owners of fifteen food retailers in Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais were developed. The interviewed retailers are wholesalers private labels customers. Phase five was characterized by the data analysis, using content analysis and data sources triangulation. As a result, the study presents an analysis of wholesalers private labels strategy based on retailers perspectives about the marketing elements involved in this strategy. Through a comparative analysis of these elements, it was possible to evaluate how retailers understand the marketing elements developed and managed by wholesalers. It was also possible to analyse which aspects facilitate or not the alignment between agents perspectives, as well as strategic and managerial implications of the gaps in this strategy. From the results, it was possible to develop an analytical scheme with suggestions to facilitate the alignment between wholesalers private label strategies and the role of its customers (the interviewed retailers), specially in terms of joint management and implementation of the strategy. Finally, limitations of the research and suggestions for future researches were presented.