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(In)Constantes transformações: relações e conceitos no pensamento do antropólogo Eduardo Viveiros de Castro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10) Massaro, Tatiana de Lourdes; Peggion, Edmundo Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9849805103860827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3475890154199559
This study to understand what a social relation is, showing the anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro s concepts and ideas in his bibliography. This is a research about a social relation concept that is still being developed and studied by the contemporary anthopologist Viveiros de Castro. This work focuses on articles related to the Amerindian thoughts and issues. For the Amerindians, the social relation idea is a wider concept and different from ours. For then, humans beings and animals have different shapes but similar human essence. My work is based on the social relation concept, mainly the one studied in the first ethnological work Indivíduo e Sociedade no Alto Xingu (1977) by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, the doctoral thesis Araweté: os deuses canibais (1986) by the same author and A Inconstância da Alma Selvagem (2002a), where there are many articles gathered signed by Viveiros de Castro.
Caracterização do período de instabilidade de órgãos vegetais submetidos à injúria mecânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10) Albino, Ana Lúcia Seghessi; Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3740327062622042
Mechanical injuries are a major cause of post-harvest losses, since they may cause metabolic and physiological changes in fruit and vegetables. However there are few studies that characterize the state of the tissue after injury and during the reaction of the tissue, which was called "Period of Instability (PI). In this work the objective was to characterize the "Period of Instability (PI) of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and kale leaves (Brassica oleracea v. acephala L.) after harvest, injured by puncture with different diameters. So, it was realized a tissues histological study of and plants water status analysis subjected to injury by puncture with diameters of 1.5 and 3.5 mm. Analysis of the structure of kale leaf and tomato injured tissues was performed using techniques of light microscopy during 9 and 24 days after harvest, respectively. The water status was evaluated by firmness of tomatoes, turgor pressure and firmness of the kale leaves. They were examined for 19 days in tomatoes and for seven days in kale leaves. Healthy tissues of tomatoes 'Carmen' showed uniform arrangement until the 16th day after harvest. In the tomato injured tissues PI there was adherence to the dead cell walls on the healthy cells. Puncture injuries with diameters of 1.5 and 3.5 mm did not change the firmness of tomatoes in 'Carmen' stored at 25°C, but the tomatoes firmness decreased after two days of post-harvest. The healthy leaves of kale showed degradation of cellular structures after nine days of harvest. The injured leaves by puncturing the 1.5 and 3.5 mm exhibited PI with physiological response, characterized by the accumulation of mucilage in the damaged region. Firmness and turgor pressure were not altered in the kale leaves injured stored at 5°C. However, healthy and injured leaves had a water recovery from the first to the second day after harvest, when stored in refrigerator at 5°C. After the water recovery, the treatments have a decreased of firmness and turgor pressure, and the injured groups showed variation in the values of firmness between the fourth and seventh day of post-harvest.
Aspectos cinéticos da degradação aeróbia e anaeróbia de Cyperus giganteus, Eichhornia azurea e Egeria najas da lagoa do Óleo (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10) Gimenes, Karen Zauner; Bianchini Júnior, Irineu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598431426445471
This study aimed to assess the effects of temperature on different aspects of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of aquatic macrophytes from different ecological groups: Cyperus giganteus (emergent), Eichhornia azurea (fixed floating) and Egeria najas (submerged). Considering these purposes, the carbon balance and mass decay, the cellulase and peroxidase activity in the degradation of cellulose and lignin, the oxygen consumption, as well as changes in pH, conductivity and humification degree caused by decomposition in the environment were analysed. In laboratory, decomposition chambers containing aquatic macrophyte and water samples were prepared and maintained under controlled conditions according to the experimental design. The results showed that: (i) temperature changes affected the mass loss coefficients of labile/soluble fractions of debris, but did not alter the mass loss coefficients of refractory fraction; (ii) the temperature increase accelerated the cellulose decay of E. azurea and E. najas detritus, being indifferent to those of C. giganteus; increased the lignin decay of C. giganteus and E. najas debris, although there was no lignin degradation of E. azurea within the experimental period; increased the peroxidase activity of the three species selected detritus and of the cellulase of C. giganteus and E. najas detritus, having the opposite effect on E. azurea debris; led to an increase in oxygen consumption in C. giganteus and E. azurea debris decomposition, having the opposite effect on E. najas decomposition; (iii) regardless to temperature, the content of particulate organic carbon and the half-life times were lower for submerged species and higher for the emerging one, which showed the highest contents of cellulose and lignin; (iv) the E. najas decomposition presented the highest dissolved oxygen consumption in the shortest time; (v) the mass loss of macrophytes detritus were faster under aerobic than under anaerobic condition.