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Aspectos cinéticos da degradação aeróbia e anaeróbia de Cyperus giganteus, Eichhornia azurea e Egeria najas da lagoa do Óleo (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10)
Gimenes, Karen Zauner
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598431426445471
This study aimed to assess the effects of temperature on different aspects of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of aquatic macrophytes from different ecological groups: Cyperus giganteus (emergent), Eichhornia azurea (fixed floating) and Egeria najas (submerged). Considering these purposes, the carbon balance and mass decay, the cellulase and peroxidase activity in the degradation of cellulose and lignin, the oxygen consumption, as well as changes in pH, conductivity and humification degree caused by decomposition in the environment were analysed. In laboratory, decomposition chambers containing aquatic macrophyte and water samples were prepared and maintained under controlled conditions according to the experimental design. The results showed that: (i) temperature changes affected the mass loss coefficients of labile/soluble fractions of debris, but did not alter the mass loss coefficients of refractory fraction; (ii) the temperature increase accelerated the cellulose decay of E. azurea and E. najas detritus, being indifferent to those of C. giganteus; increased the lignin decay of C. giganteus and E. najas debris, although there was no lignin degradation of E. azurea within the experimental period; increased the peroxidase activity of the three species selected detritus and of the cellulase of C. giganteus and E. najas detritus, having the opposite effect on E. azurea debris; led to an increase in oxygen consumption in C. giganteus and E. azurea debris decomposition, having the opposite effect on E. najas decomposition; (iii) regardless to temperature, the content of particulate organic carbon and the half-life times were lower for submerged species and higher for the emerging one, which showed the highest contents of cellulose and lignin; (iv) the E. najas decomposition presented the highest dissolved oxygen consumption in the shortest time; (v) the mass loss of macrophytes detritus were faster under aerobic than under anaerobic condition.
(In)Constantes transformações: relações e conceitos no pensamento do antropólogo Eduardo Viveiros de Castro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10)
Massaro, Tatiana de Lourdes
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Peggion, Edmundo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9849805103860827
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3475890154199559
This study to understand what a social relation is, showing the anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro s concepts and ideas in his bibliography. This is a research about a social relation concept that is still being developed and studied by the contemporary anthopologist Viveiros de Castro. This work focuses on articles related to the Amerindian thoughts and issues. For the Amerindians, the social relation idea is a wider concept and different from ours. For then, humans beings and animals have different shapes but similar human essence. My work is based on the social relation concept, mainly the one studied in the first ethnological work Indivíduo e Sociedade no Alto Xingu (1977) by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, the doctoral thesis Araweté: os deuses canibais (1986) by the same author and A Inconstância da Alma Selvagem (2002a), where there are many articles gathered signed by Viveiros de Castro.
Caracterização do período de instabilidade de órgãos vegetais submetidos à injúria mecânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10)
Albino, Ana Lúcia Seghessi
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Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3740327062622042
Mechanical injuries are a major cause of post-harvest losses, since they may cause metabolic and physiological changes in fruit and vegetables. However there are few studies that characterize the state of the tissue after injury and during the reaction of the tissue, which was called "Period of Instability (PI). In this work the objective was to characterize the "Period of Instability (PI) of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and kale leaves (Brassica oleracea v. acephala L.) after harvest, injured by puncture with different diameters. So, it was realized a tissues histological study of and plants water status analysis subjected to injury by puncture with diameters of 1.5 and 3.5 mm. Analysis of the structure of kale leaf and tomato injured tissues was performed using techniques of light microscopy during 9 and 24 days after harvest, respectively. The water status was evaluated by firmness of tomatoes, turgor pressure and firmness of the kale leaves. They were examined for 19 days in tomatoes and for seven days in kale leaves. Healthy tissues of tomatoes 'Carmen' showed uniform arrangement until the 16th day after harvest. In the tomato injured tissues PI there was adherence to the dead cell walls on the healthy cells. Puncture injuries with diameters of 1.5 and 3.5 mm did not change the firmness of tomatoes in 'Carmen' stored at 25°C, but the tomatoes firmness decreased after two days of post-harvest. The healthy leaves of kale showed degradation of cellular structures after nine days of harvest. The injured leaves by puncturing the 1.5 and 3.5 mm exhibited PI with physiological response, characterized by the accumulation of mucilage in the damaged region. Firmness and turgor pressure were not altered in the kale leaves injured stored at 5°C. However, healthy and injured leaves had a water recovery from the first to the second day after harvest, when stored in refrigerator at 5°C. After the water recovery, the treatments have a decreased of firmness and turgor pressure, and the injured groups showed variation in the values of firmness between the fourth and seventh day of post-harvest.
Serviços ecossistêmicos do reservatório da UHE Carlos Botelho (Lobo-Broa): uma nova abordagem para o gerenciamento e planejamento dos múltiplos usos de represas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-13)
Periotto, Natalia Andricioli
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Tundisi, José Galizia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1566592373309531
Reservoirs of hydroelectric power generation plants are of strategic importance due to its multiple uses as generation of clean energy, water supply, and other social economic opportunities since the beginning of construction, which may also cause negative impacts. Assessing ecosystem services is an approach to complement Environmental Impact Assessment and a tool for cost-effectiveness analysis. This study identified 20 ecosystem services of Carlos Botelho (Lobo-Broa) hydroelectric power plant reservoir (Itirapina, São Paulo, Brazil) and its upstream wetlands, from Itaqueri River and Lobo Stream. It has also assigned qualitative and quantitative values for these services and analyzed their drivers of change. Qualitative valuation indicated direct and indirect influence of ecosystem services on human well-being. Preliminary quantitative valuation resulted in USD 120,445,657.87.ha-1 or USD 45,623.35.ha- 1.year-1, highlighting that losses on indirect use ecosystem services, as groundwater recharge, may reflect on local and regional economy. Analysis of drivers indicated that adequate and efficient environmental management along Tietê-Jacaré hydrographic basin, especially concerning the recovery of spatial heterogeneity, is necessary to avoid ecosystem services losses, especially tourism and recreation that provide local economic fluxes and human well-being.
Trajetória e perfil dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei atendidos pelo NAI - São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-14)
Guimarães, Carlos Eduardo
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Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3044299425417905
Abstract Segments of the teenager population in Brazilian cities are in situations of personal and social risk and some of these young people are involved in illegal activity. Each district, however, while sharing common factors of teenager vulnerability with others can have specific factors affecting the kind of infractions committed. Detailed knowledge of the context of a specific population is crucial to the implementation of public policies that answer the needs of that population. In Sao Carlos there is a Center for Integrated Procedures (Nucleo de Atendimento Integrado NAI) that channels centrally all the juvenile actions taken by official and unofficial institutions in that city. The Centre is, therefore, an important agency in the field of public policies toward the teenager population and a privileged source of data for those aiming to research the behavior of the adolescent population, since it collects all information about teenagers who break the law. Therefore, accessing these data by document analysis allowed the following objectives to be attained: i) to identify the infractions that led to teenagers being seen by NAI; ii) to analyze the changes over the years (from 2002 to 2008) in the incidence of these infractions; by surveying the literature, it will be possible (and this is the third aim of this study) to compare the results obtained in Sao Carlos with those in other towns Sao Paulo city, Brasilia and Ribeirao Preto and even with those in Sao Carlos itself in periods prior to the implementation of NAI. The literature review, focused on the question of social relations existing in the teenagers´ world, especially the types of vulnerability that put them at risk such as violence and their active or passive contact with drugs. This was an explanatory study and the quantitative data, taken from the period 2002 2008, were collected in NAI and organized with the computer package Statistica. The results were followed up by field research, based on a predefined questionnaire approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Sao Carlos. Hence, the fourth objective was achieved: the interviews allowed the identification of the elements of teenager vulnerability, in other words those factors that led the adolescents to break the laws, as well as affording a more complete characterization of the interviewees.
Modelo adaptativo fuzzy genético, preditivo e multiobjetivo para despacho de AGVs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-14)
Caridá, Vinicius Fernandes
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Morandin Júnior, Orides
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0843328163052788
In recent years, most companies apply techniques of industrial automation with the goal of increasing its efficiency. Increasingly Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are used to transport work in factories and warehouses. The management of these AGV is the key to an efficient transport system. One of the main problems encountered in the management of AGV is the dispatching decision. This work proposes a method of dispatching of AGV with the ability to optimize the performance of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) in real time. In the dispatching deciding can be chosen to optimize two objectives: makespan or tardiness. When the goal is to optimize the makespan are evaluated variables: distance, number of nodes, the input buffer and output buffer of the workstation. When the goal is to optimize the tardiness are evaluated variables: distance, number of nodes, task chaining, date of delivery. In both cases are also considered the time of the AGVs and the processing times of the workstations, so you can anticipate some decision-making. To perform the tests we used the softwares: Matlab, CPNtools and Automod, which allow simulations of how the method works dispatching AGVs before the method is implemented in factories. Based on the tests, we analyzed the improvement in makespan and tardiness compared to other studies, but also the flexibility of the method in which it is possible to exchange goals in operating time.
Ampliação do repertório verbal de quatro bebês: ensino de ecóico, relação auditivo-visual e tato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-15)
Löhr, Thaise
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8622825623659235
The present study undertakes teaching tactile response to four infants, ages 26-29 months, with limited exposure to verbal stimulation. The decision to teach tact response is based on the concept that it is one of the most important categories of verbal operants, therefore, a strong aspect of their control is dependent upon the antecedent stimulation in the physical environment. By controlling the child s antecedent environmental stimuli, she then has a wide variety of circumstances for learning, and, as a result, can enhance her verbal repertoire. In order to verify whether tact learning could enhance conditional discrimination learning, a pairing procedure Matching to Sample Auditory-Visual (MTS) was used as a measure of discrimination learning, plus interlaced tact training. In this manner, two teaching procedures were performed: teaching of vocal tact and MTS. Two babies began training with vocal tact, and two begain with MTS. The tact training consisted of instruction/commands by an adult as a condition for the issuance by the baby of: echoics, selective responses and vocal tact responses. The results indicated that the cumulative curves for solicitation of echoics and selection by the researcher and the corresponding curves for the correct responses by the children had gradual positive acceleration. The performance curves of each of the babies, relative to tact, presented a more accentuated curve relative to the cumulative curves for tact requests by the researchers. The data suggest that the teaching of tact response to the tact command can be considered the more exigent task, compared to the demands of echoic and response selection, ahead of vocalization of the object s name. The results warrant discussion of the concomitance of learning echoic response and selection of objects upon vocalization of the name. The outcome of the MTS is that the four participants achieved the learning criterion for the discrimination of presented stimuli. In the statistical analysis of the correlation between percentage of hits with MTS and the percentage of correct responses in the three tact teaching situations, the results indicate that three of the four participants had a directly proportional relative increase between the MTS correct responses and selection solicitation correct responses. For just one participant, the statistical analysis indicated an higher correlation between the tact solicitation correct responses and MTS correct responses, however, this participant required a greater degree of behavioral listener-speaker training with familiar objects. The teaching method used, which interlaced tact training with MTS was as effective for teaching vocal tact as for teaching conditional discrimination.
Natação e treinamento de força: influências sobre a expressão gênica de TNF-alfa e IL-10, área de adipócitos e perfil lipídico em ratos obesos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-16)
Speretta, Guilherme Fleury Fina
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4518946333094830
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of swimming and resistance training exercise on adipose tissue, inflammation and lipid profile in highfat feeding rats. Wistar adult male rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 10 per group): Sed-C, sedentary chow diet; Sed-HL, sedentary high-fat diet; NT-C, swimming chow diet; NT-HL, swimming high-fat diet; TF-C, resistance training chow diet; TF-HL resistance training high-fat diet. An 8-week training period was used. During it period the animals of resistance training groups climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails. The sessions were performed once every 3 days, with 4 9 climbs and 8 12 dynamic movements per climb. Swimming groups performed 60 min/day, 5 days a week, with a constant overload of 5% body weight during 8 weeks in tanks of 50 cm of height and 30 cm of diameter. High fat-diet increased body weight, relative weight of adipose tissue (epididymal, retroperitoneal, visceral and subcutaneous) and adipose tissue area (epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral). There was higher TNF-alpha expression and lower (not significant) IL-10 expression in visceral adipose tissue and negative change in lipid profile because of the high-fat diet. Resistance training presented lower values of visceral and retroperitoneal adipocyte area, lower TNF-alpha expression and changed lipid profile. Swimming presented lower epididymal and retroperitoneal adipocyte area, higher IL-10 expression and changed lipid profile. These results indicate the potential benefits of resistance training and swimming as non pharmacological alternatives to control the effects of high-fat diet on adipocyte area, lipid profile and inflammatory process in rats.
Estimativas locais para complexos elíticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-16)
Picon, Tiago Henrique
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Hounie, Jorge Guillermo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7302904386484949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7853908129934448
In this work, we extend some global L1 estimates proved by Bourgain-Brezis in the case of the de Rham complex on RN to the setup of local L1 estimates for elliptic complexes, namely, those associated to involutive elliptic structures spanned by a family of linearly independent smooth complex vector fields. In particular, we obtain a local version of Gagliardo-Nirenberg estimates for elliptic systems of vector fields.
Correlacões quânticas: medidas e simetrias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-17)
Souza, Simone Ferreira
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Mizrahi, Salomon Sylvain
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143137168199991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3212711417963133
In this thesis, we explore two sort of quantum correlations: entanglement and quantum discord. We present a geometric method to identify and measure the degree of entanglement based on symmetries of vectors and matrices associated with the two-qubits density operator of quantum states. We introduce a new basis of parameters describing the density operator, and this procedure allows us to establish the Peres-Horodecki separability criterion in terms of squared distances that obey the Minkowski metric, giving a more general interpretation of this criterion as well as building a quantifier of entanglement. In this method, if the squared distance is of the kind timelike, i.e. non-negative, the two-qubit system is separable. Otherwise, if it is spacelike, namely, the squared distance is negative, the two qubits are entangled. Such squared distances are invariant by unitary transformations and can be represented graphically in a hyperbolic parameterized phase space, allowing a suitable graphic representation, i.e., in a phase space where the system trajectories can be drawn. The method is generalized to a larger class of states having at most seven independent parameters, the D-7 manifold class. Using group theory methods we classify these states according to the symmetries of seven generators, where one of them commutes with the others. We illustrate the method and the theory by presenting several two-qubit systems found in the literature. This same notation is used to calculate the quantum discord for states whose 4 × 4 matrices belong to the D-7 manifold class, providing a more explicit condition of minimization of entropy. We calculate the dissipative dynamics of two-qubits quantum discord under local noisy environments. Choosing initial conditions that manifest the so-called sudden death of entanglement, we compare the dynamics of entanglement with that of quantum discord and we show that in cases where the entanglement suddenly disappears, quantum discord vanishes only in the asymptotic limit.
Estudo fitoquímico de Astronium graveolens (Anacardiaceae) e da ação de seus constituintes sobre o formigueiro de Atta sexdens rubropilosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-17)
Villari, Maria Fernanda Martinez
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Fernandes, João Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2002147054259410
Brazil has a rich fauna and flora, for these reasons it is called as mega-diverse country. This diversity enables the isolation and identification of substances that become promising in several areas and an example is the insecticidal activity of various substances in agriculture. This study presents the identification of volatiles from leaves, the phytochemical study and insecticidal and fungicidal test of fractions of organic extracts of Astronium graveolens (Anacardiaceae) that belong to the Order Sapindales. Among the fractions tested against leaf-cutting ants (Atta sexdens rubropilosa) and their symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, ethyl acetate fractions of ethanolic extracts of roots, stems and branches showed good activities. In parallel was evaluated the action of those fractions against Spodoptera frugiperda, however, those fractions did not showed promising activities. Phytochemical study of ethyl acetate fractions resulted in the isolation of 11 secondary metabolites, two flavonoids: 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone and myricetin-3-O-_-L-rhaminosídeo, three phenolic compounds: epigallocatechin methyl ester, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3- O-galoil-5-cafeoilchinic acid (inedited); six dimeric chalcones, (7S,8"R)-(2',4,4',5, tetrahydroxychalcone-(2_7",8_8 ')-2' ,4",4"'-trihydroxy-7",8"-dihydrochalcone; (7R,8S,7"S,8"R)-2',4,4',5,7-pentahydroxy-7,8-dihydrochalcone-(2_7",8_8")- 2 ',4",4"'-trihydroxy-7",8"dihydrochalcone; (7S,8R,7 S,8 S)-2',4,4',5,7-pentahydroxy- 7,8-dihydrochalcone-(2_7",8_8")-2 ',4",4"'-trihydroxy-7",8"-dihydrochalcone; rel- (7S,8S,7"S,8S)-tetrahydro-7,7''-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7,7''(furandil)-8,8,2.4''- dihydroxiphenyl;4,5,4 dihydroxy-7,2 -oxo-chalcone-(2_7 ,8_8 )-2 ,4 ,4 ,2 ,4 - trihydroxychalcone; 4,4 dihydroxy-7,2 -oxo-chalcone-(2_7 ,8_8 )-2 ,4 ,2 ,4 - tetrahydroxychalcone . The dimeric chalcones are new to the genera and, except first one, in the literature.
Efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre a expressão gênica de moléculas envolvidas na oxidação de gordura e na lipogênese no fígado de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-17)
Domingos, Mateus Moraes
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Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3127019830672018
Decreased levels of estrogen are associated with hepatic steatosis (HS), through changes in gene expression of molecules related to fat oxidation and lipogenesis. Both resistance training (RT) and endurance training (ET) prevents the HS in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. However, the molecular events associated with this process were only investigated for ET but not for RT. Aims: Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ovx and RT on the gene expression of molecules related to fat oxidation and lipogenesis in the liver of rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley adult female rats were grouped into four groups (n = 6 per group): sham-operated sedentary (Sham-Sed); Ovx sedentary (Ovx-Sed); sham-Rt and Ovx- Rt. A 10-week RT period, during which the animals climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails, was used. The sessions were performed three times a week, with 4-9 climbs and 8-12 dynamic movements per climb. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR by the ΔΔCt method. Results: The estrogen deficiency associated with ovariectomy decreased the gene expression of molecules related to fat oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (53%) and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (27%), and increased of molecules related to lipogenesis, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (106%), acetyl-CoA carboxilase (ACC) (72%) and stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 (109%), which had their expression restored to the RT, with the exception of the ACC. Conclusions: The present results indicate that the RT may have important effects on the prevention of HS in Ovx animals, possibly through the restoration in gene expression of molecules related to hepatic lipid metabolism
Síntese e caracterização de complexos de fórmula geral [Ru(AA)(P-P)(N-N)]PF6, onde (AA= aminoácidos; PP=bifosfinas; N-N= 2,2 -bipiridina e derivados e 1,10-fenantrolina): avaliação de suas potencialidades citotóxicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-20)
Santos, Edjane Rocha dos
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5133211995526143
The present work describes the syntheses and characterization of complexes of general formula [Ru(AA)(P-P)(N-N)]PF6 where AA = aminoacids (Gly, Ala, Val, Met, Tyr, Trp, Leu, Arg, Ser, Lys, His); P-P = 1,4- bis(diphenylphosphino)butane and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane; N-N= 1,10- phenanthroline, 4,4 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine, 5,5 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine e 4,4 - methoxy-2-2'-bipy. The complexes were evaluated against cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 (breast tumor cells), DU-145 (prostate tumor cells) and in FGH and V79 (fibroblasts, normal cells), HeLa (colon tumor cells), as well as antimicrobial tests (tuberculosis) and antiparasite (malaria (CW-2 chloroquine resistant) and Chagas disease (Y-form) ). By analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, UV-vis and infrared spectroscopies and nuclear magnetic resonance (31P{1H}, 13C{1H} and 1H), it was possible to confirm the proposed structures for the synthesized compounds. By the 31P{1H}, 13C and 1H NMR spectra, it was suggested the presence of isomers, these data combined with the X-ray structure analysis of the [Ru(LLeu)( dppb)(bipy)]PF6, allowed us to conclude that those isomers are diastereoisomers. The cyclic voltammograms of all the complexes are similar with the first anodic wave around 1.1 V being attributed to the oxidation RuII→RuIII, and the second anodic wave, in 1.2 V, is attributed to the oxidation of the COO- group of the aminoacid ligands. In the IR spectra of the complexes, characteristic stretching bands of the group NH2 and COO- were observed, which are found shifted to higher frequencies when compared to the free aminoacid. The complexes here studied presented promising results against diseases evaluated. The values of the IC50 for some of the compounds showed 31,5-fold lower than the cisplatin. The antimycobacterial tests were satisfactory, since the complexes showed lower MIC values than some drugs actually used in the tuberculosis treatment. Considering the antiparasitic tests, low IC50 values were also observed.
Alinhamento de árvores sintáticas português-inglês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-20)
Araújo, Josué Garcia de
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
The manual translation of a source natural language into a target natural language is a task that demands time and expertise. In order to reduce the work needed for manual translations, the aim is to accomplish this task through Machine Translation (MT) systems. Since the 1940s, various approaches and techniques of MT have been proposed, investigated and evaluated in order to improve the quality of translations generated automatically. Nowadays, statistical machine translation methods are considered the state-of-art regarding the evaluation automatic measures commonly used in the area (such as BLEU and NIST), however a recent trend indicates that such systems will not improve their level of performance without the application of deeper linguistic knowledge, for instance, syntactic information. Thus, as an attempt to support the building of automatic translators, this dissertation presents the research, the implementation and the evaluation of parse trees alignment techniques. The computational tool for the automatic alignment of syntactic trees, result of this work, may be used to generate an extremely useful resource for various MT techniques: the aligned syntactic trees . This resource, so far unavailable for Brazilian Portuguese, will allow the development of new researches, which can provide the scientific advancement of the area. In this dissertation, a study of various techniques for parse trees alignment from the literature is presented. Besides, the pre-processing of a corpus for the inclusion of syntactic information from which the alignment is performed is also described, as well as the phases of lexical alignment and syntactic analysis. Some implementations and tests have been carried out with the pre-processed corpus, based on the theoretical foundations derived from the study of the techniques proposed in the literature. Based on the results of the intrinsic evaluation of the alignment, it was possible to conclude that the alignment of syntactic trees reached the accuracy of 97.36% and the coverage of 93.48% for tree pairs, representing parallel sentences in Brazilian Portuguese and in English by using different settings. Since the results have been promising, as future work, the aim is to apply the tool to a larger corpus of parallel syntactic trees, in order to obtain more examples of translation and, thus, allow its application to syntax-based machine translation techniques, such as syntax-based statistical methods or data-oriented translation.
Impacto de diferentes vias de contaminação por mercúrio inorgânico sobre os biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo, a função cardio-respiratória e o potencial de bioconcentração e biomagnificação em matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) e em traíra, Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-20)
Monteiro, Diana Amaral
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Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0358411551730768
Both the mercury (Hg) and their compounds are recognized as important pollutants, because they are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. The largest sources of mercury pollution are chloride-alkaline industry and gold mining. The growing contribution of Hg in aquatic environments results in high accumulation of mercury in fishes tissue and their consumers, which poses a serious risk to humans and ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute exposure (96 hours), via water, and a sub-chronic exposure (30 days), via food, to sub-lethal doses of inorganic mercury (HgCl2) in two species Brazilian fishes ecologically distinct, matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) and traíra (Hoplias malabaricus). The cardiorespiratory responses to normoxia (140 mmHg) and graded hypoxia (120 - 10 mmHg), cardiac contractility in vitro, biomarkers of oxidative stress and the potential for bioconcentration and biomagnification were analyzed. The results show that exposure of these species to HgCl2 induces oxidative stress in different tissues, limiting the maintenance of cardiac contractility by reducing the force of myocardial contraction and modulates the response pattern of cardio-respiratory variables to graded hypoxia front, making the species more susceptible to environmental variations of O2. Regarding matrinxã specifically, the critical points highlighted were mainly severe oxidative stress in heart and white muscle; marked reduction of contraction force of isolated heart muscle; hyperventilation and increase the value of the critical tension of O2 in more than 100%; and intense bioconcentration in all tissue whose values exceeded the maximum allowed. In the case of traíras the results were: oxidative stress in the liver and gills; hypoventilation; decreased in metabolic rate and O2 extraction; and bradycardia with impaired electrical conduction as first degree atrioventricular block and lengthiness of the potential plateau action of cardiac muscle. Therefore, the data indicate that mercury via food or water and in environmentally relevant concentrations, can have a negative impact on behavior, health, performance and success of the species, making their survival and/or vulnerable populations.
Viabilidade sócio ambiental do cooperativismo no setor de pesca profissional na Baixada Cuiabana/MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-20)
Ávila, Gabriela Rocha Priante Teles de
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Silva, Carolina Joana da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5253872582067659
Changes in vectors that indirectly affect biodiversity, including population, technology and lifestyle, may lead to changes in vectors that affect biodiversity directly, including fishing and fertilizer application. This result in changes in ecosystems and services they offer, affecting human well-being. These interactions can occur in more than one scale. Different strategies and interventions can be applied in many parts of this structure in order to ensure the well‐being and conserve the ecosystems. Traditional communities have their way of life related to their living environment, and recently have been studied in order to ensure sustainability with a focus on human well‐being based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, in order to implement the established in the National Politics of Sustainable Development to Traditional Peoples and Communities. This study was conducted at the Fishermen Cooperative and Artisans of Pai André and Bonsucesso (Coorimbatá), which gathers people from the urban area of Cuiabá and riverine communities of Bonsucesso and Pai André, located in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, to assess the strategies adopted by Cooperative for the well-being of the cooperative members and the use of natural resources of local biodiversity. The study s hypothesis is that the way the Cooperative Coorimbatá was structured from the amendment of its Statute in 2000, meets the fundamentals of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment with regard to the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems. It also contributes to creating environments for dialogue and action for the sharing of knowledge between traditional peoples and academics, looking forward the human well-being. The method used to prove whether or not this hypothesis has the qualitative research approach to data sources in semi-structured interviews with the founders of the Cooperative Coorimbatá and fishermen from Bonsucesso and Pai André communities, projects and reports made by Coorimbatá. Within an ergological focus, were also made visits to local fishing community of Bonsucesso, with interviews by the self-confrontation method, to obtain additional information to better understand this phenomenon. The semi-structured interview was made from a questionnaire with questions regarding: life history; Cooperative Coorimbatá meaning; type of work, leaders identification, Cooperative s expectations. Initially, the Cooperative main product was fish, however due to this natural resource is no longer available as it was in previous years, the Cooperative began to add other products in its supply chain as fruits raisins (dried), cassava chips, brazilian nuts and more recently the alligator. Know and reveal the lifestyle of these members, their relationships and interactions with the river are important tools to be used in discussions and implementation of public politics.
Benefícios obtidos na colaboração entre sistemas MES e sistemas de manufatura digital do PLM - Diagnóstico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-21)
Gama, Evandro Bertoni da
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Costa, Miguel Antonio Bueno da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5987698530120524
A necessary condition for the economic efficiency of modern plants is the ability to adjust - as quickly and effectively as possible - the performance of manufacturing process for demand request decisions. In this sense, the research emphasized the importance of understanding the best practices in Information Technology (IT) and the trade scenario of solutions using shopfloor real data in virtual environments for simulation and many achieved benefits. The highlights of this research focused on exploring the collaboration (practice of skills for the achievement of mutually beneficial results) between the MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) and the digital manufacturing systems (also called virtual manufacturing systems) of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), in a scenario where the manufacturing processes require high flexibility, reliability and lower delivery times, extensive combination of variants and lower life-cycle of products. The research - in an exploratory and descriptive way, which identified the available knowledge on the subject more sharply between the years 2006 and 2010 - was grounded in the practices of world-renowned companies and institutions and considered opinions and evaluations of renowned researchers and professionals with expertise in initiatives to support the use of MES solutions data in systems of digital manufacturing of PLM to manufacturing processes planning. As a result of the studied scenarios and covered concepts, the research has consolidated a "diagram of information collaboration", with the aim of providing better decision choices within the framework of shop-floor project, processes planning and production management. The research also concluded that the MES systems may have their value extended if integrated within the characteristics of functionalities of the PLM concept. It also brought some recommendations and limitations on the portability of information, commented on the learned lessons and suggestions for future tasks that include the BPM (Business Process Management).
Depois de uma tragédia: família e emigração em Gonzaga, MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-21)
Almeida, Alexandra Cristina Gomes de
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Machado, Igor José de Renó
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7613716021035323
This dissertation addresses issues of emigration flow in the city of Gonzaga (MG). The city was featured in the international media world in consequence of the death of a citizen in September 2005, Jean Charles de Menezes. The young man was killed in a London subway station (England) after the British police have mistaken for a suspected terrorist, the event resumed debate on the problematic conditions which thousands of immigrants are exposed. From the anthropological perspective, the survey reports the social dynamics of the city, focusing on the notions of family and local traditions. So this ethnography describes families in their organization and values, which influence emigration flow.
Estudo da variação do perfil químico de Citrus sinensis sobre Citrus limonia após a inoculação da bactéria Xylella fastidiosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-22)
Soares, Márcio Santos
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7277672046313544
The present work describes the study of variation in the chemical profile of citrus after inoculation of Xylella fastidiosa, in charge of the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis is one of the most serious diseases that cause damage in Brazilian citrus. The bacterium X. fastidiosa was inoculated in Citrus sinensis grafted on C. limonia and was evaluated using chemometric tools and development of analytical methods such as HPLC-DAD, LC-MS/MS, LC-UV-SPE-NMR and HRMAS quantitative variation of some secondary metabolites such as coumarins and flavonoids identified both in grafts and in the matrix C. sinensis and C. limonia. The chemometric methods PCA and HCA applied to the data obtained in studies by HPLC-DAD and HR-MAS allowed to discriminate plants contaminated with the bacteria of the species healthy, as well as the respective individuals. By analyzing the change in the chemical profile of citrus studied by HPLC-UV-SPE-NMR it was possible to detect the presence of a new class of secondary metabolites derived from p-hidroxy-cinnamic acid containing oxidized dihydropyran and dihydrofuran rings. Similarly, when analyzing the compounds of medium polarity by LC-MS/MS technique was identified, until now, in the roots and leaves several coumarins not cited in the literature for any of the species that constitute the graft, as dihydrosuberenol, 2 ', 3'-dihydrosuberosin, citrubutin the limonoid diosfenol limonin and flavonoid 3-hydroxy-3', 4 ',5,7,8- pentamethoxyflavone. Finally, was observed that coumarin bergapten is present in reasonable quantities only in the leaves of Rangpur lime, which is tolerant to X. fastidiosa, and when the graft presents with symptoms of citrus variegated chlorosis is a small production of this in their leaves, indicating that this is a phytoanticipin.
Estudo morfológico dos estádios ninfais das fêmeas de Ceroplastinae Atkinson (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-22)
Rosa, Keila de Cassia Coelho
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Silva, Carlos Roberto Sousa e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4890369735136839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984640335958321
The immature females of twelve species of Ceroplastinae (wax scale insects) were described and compared, macro and microscopically, with the purpose of contributing to the understanding the groups of the species of this subfamily, whose generic status is controversial. The morphology of the immatures, although little studied and not yet used in the phylogenetic studies of this subfamily, was very important for the grouping of the studied species. Nymphs of the first and second instars varied widely in relation to the wax test and the stigmatic setae, separating the species studied in three main groups: I) C. cirripediformis Comstock, 1881, C. floridensis Comstock, 1881, C. formicarius Hempel, 1900, C. grandis Hempel, 1900, C. mosquerai Ben-Dov, 1993 and C. rusci (Linnaeus, 1758), with dry wax filaments and with cylindrical or slightly conical and conical stigmatic setae with rounded apex in the first instar and setae totally conical in the second instar; II) C. formosus Hempel, 1900, C. janeirensis (Gray, 1828) and C. lucidus Hempel, 1900 with a shell of wax glassy and absence of lateral expansions or dry filaments and with stigmatic setae cylindrical with rounded apex and wider than the base, in the two first instars, and III) C. diospyros Hempel, 1928, C. flosculoides Matile-Ferrero, 1993 and C. iheringi Cockerell, 1895 with intermediate characteristics in waxy covering and setae with pentagonal or irregular shapes. The pattern of wax test observed for the group I, previously mentioned for other authors, was the most frequent among the studied species and better distributed in the world, being probably the most common pattern in Ceroplastinae. The patterns of wax cover observed for Groups II and III are here described for the first time for the immature females of Ceroplastinae. The group II is probably restricted to the Neotropical region, and the group III, including Neotropical species, probably has representative species in the Afrotropical region.