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Elaboração, aplicação e avaliação de uma programação para o ensino informatizado, a futuros professores, de relações condicionais envolvidas na leitura inicial/rudimentar, por meio do procedimento de MTS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-11) Penariol, Camila Politi; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9027762114335477
According to stimulus equivalence paradigm, reading consists of relations among different classes of stimuli, in which some of these stimuli are directly taught and others are derived from direct teaching. The procedure called Matching-To-Sample (or MTS) is usually used in the construction of methods for teaching academic repertoires such as reading, to diverse populations, based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm. With advances in computer, programs were developed for the implementation of MTS tasks using the computer. These programs are widely used in researches, however, broadening the potential of this technology depends on its use in applied settings such as schools. In this case, an existing question refers to which repertoires are necessary for an individual with no formal training in research and without knowledge about the theoretical and methodological assumptions of the area of Behavior Analysis to implement successfully matching-to-sample procedures to teach children in applied settings, such as school. Thus, from a systematic replication of the study in progress, developed by Oliveira (2010), this study aimed to program and evaluates a teaching program of undergraduate students for the implementation of the computerized procedure Matching-To-Sample through two studies, described below. In Study 1, participants were four undergraduate students. Initially, a set of three stimuli was used to teach participants to: (1) program AC (dictated word-printed word) training; (2) implement AC training; and (3) analyze data performance of the learner. The procedure consisted of teaching demonstration followed by instruction to repeat the demonstration. Verbal praise following correct answers and incorrect answers end of the trial and replay of the demonstration. The performance criterion was 100% correct responses. Later, generalization tests were conducted with three new sets of stimuli. Consequences for performance differentials were removed and the performance criterion was 100% correct answers. Study 2 involving three new participants and modification of the teaching procedure. It was conducted in a manner analogous to that described in Study 1, except as provided below. Before the teaching sessions, sessions were held to baseline: (1) program AC training; (2) implement AC training; and (3) analyze data performance of the learner. The sessions were performed as described in Study 1, except that differential consequences for performance have been removed. After, teaching sessions were introduced with a demonstration followed by instruction to repeat the demonstration. Correct answers were followed by verbal praise and incorrect answers within the "Retry" and a new opportunity to respond, unlike Study 1. Criterion to finish sessions was 100% of correct responses. Next, participants were presented with generalization tests. During testing sessions, there were no scheduled consequences for participant responses. Criterion to finish the session was 100% of correct responses. According to the results of Studies 1 and 2, all participants met criterion in the three phases of training and showed generalization of repertoire to news sets of stimuli. Results showed that the procedure may be used as a sound basis for the development of a program for teachers. The results suggest that the procedure may be efficient to teach teachers to implement Matching-To-Sample procedures, extending the technology derived from Behavior Analysis Applied to applied settings, 4 such as classrooms and schools. Furthermore, this study could leverage future research with similar goals.
Alelopatia e bioprospecção de Rapanea ferruginea e de Rapanea umbellata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-11) Novaes, Paula; Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1499847216040850
Allelopathy is a process that involves primary or secondary metabolites produced by plants and microorganisms, which influences the growth and development of agricultural and biological systems. The intensity of plant allelopathic effects may depend on the hábitat, age and the biotic and abiotic conditions during the seasons in which they were collected. When allelopathic substances are purified and identified, they can be used to develop alternative products based on natural compounds to control weed species. The Brazilian savanna (cerrado) has very stressful environment conditions, mainly in dry periods, and should favor a greater variety of allelochemicals in Rapanea ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez and Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez (Primulaceae), which have leaves with resin canals and minute secretory glands, sparse throughout the abaxial surface, that can accumulate terpenes or tannins. This thesis hypothesis is that there must be allelopathic substances in the species of Rapanea to favor their establishment in the savanna and that they should be influenced by seasonal factors or by plant age. Allelopathy occurs by the release of allelochemicals in the environment and these may have economic importance, serving as molecular models for the production of natural herbicides, less harmful to the environment. In the first chapter, we compared the effect of plant age and season of leave collection on the allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts of R. ferruginea and R. umbelata. For this, germination and initial length bioassays were conducted using commercially bioindicator cultivated species (lettuce, tomato and onion) under the influence of the aqueous leaf extracts of adults and young individuals from wet and dry season at 10 and 5% (weight of leaf powder per volume of distilled water, g/mL). The extract of adult R. umbellata collected in the dry season showed the highest allelopathic activity and was chosen for the other studies of this thesis. In the second chapter, we compared the allelopathic activity of leaf aqueous extract of R. umbellata (10 and 5%) with the synthetic herbicide Oxyfluorfen on germination and initial length of weed species: barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L., Poaceae), wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L., Euphorbiaceae) and morning-glory (Ipomoea grandifolia Drammer., Convolvulaceae). In the third chapter, bioprospection, purification and isolation of secondary metabolites of agronomic interest was performed with R. umbellata leaves. Bioassays wheat of etiolated coleoptiles and germination and initial length of cress, lettuce, onion and tomato were performed under the effect of extracts of organic solvents for the direction of the compounds purification. The acetone extract was the most active and therefore was used to be fractionated by chromatographic column. It fractions were purified HPLC and Sephadex column. The isolated and purified compounds were identified by NMR1H and 13C spectra. This thesis results permit we to affirm that allelopathy is one way of the R. ferruginea and R. umbellata species to establish themselves in the savanna. The allelopathic activity of its leaves is influenced to a greater degree by the collection season (most active in dry season) than by plant age. The R. umbellata aqueous leaf extract showed distinct action than the Oxyfluorfen synthetic herbicide, being very active on the root part of the weed species while the synthetic herbicide was more active on the arial parts of these species. The bioprospection of R. umbellata leaves conditioned isolation and purification of the substances lutein and (-)- catechin. (-)-Catechin has the potential to be used as a natural origin and biodegradable herbicide.
Do invisível ao visível: o mapeamento dos grupos sociais do estado de Mato Grosso - Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-11) Silva, Regina Aparecida da; Sato, Michele; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9264997837722900; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9329485783404187
xuberant landscape, identities that are at the mercy of the historical indifference and of the hegemonic economy of the agribusiness that advances over the so‐called empty spaces are hidden. In these different environments, a rich cultural mosaic of interacting identities, that many times, are invisible or barely known coexist. With this pseudo‐invisibility, many social groups are not being attended in the elaboration of public policies. An example of this can be noticed in the policies that aim at the territorial management of the State, such as the Ecological Socioeconomic Zoning Project of Mato Grosso that did not support the different social groups that form the mato‐grossense landscape. In the attempt to overcome this fragility and give visibility to this beautiful cultural mosaic, we started in 2008, a daring proposal of building the Mapping of identities and territories of the State of MT , proposed and carried out by the leadership of the Research Group in Environmental Education, Communication and Arts (GPEA) of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) with the important contribution of several partners. Enrolled in this project, we assumed the commitment of performing the mapping of the social groups of MT, with the aim of identifying and registering the identities of resistance. Based on the triad inhabitants-habits-habitats, we sought to understand the identity of the mapped social groups, their different rationalities and ways of life that limit the characteristics of their territories in an intrinsic relationship between culture and nature. Besides, we seek to understand how the identities of these groups are constructed, destroyed and re‐constructed due to the alterations in the habitats. In this trajectory, we elaborated a methodology called Social Map that used the narratives of the representatives of several social groups, aiming at understanding the essence of the identities that build different meanings and act in the different mato‐grossense biomes. Two seminars of Social Mapping with more than 500 participants from 54 municipalities; were held in 2008 and 2010. There were more than 70 Indigenous representatives of 19 ethnicities, of Maroon communities, pantaneiro peoples, families who were camping, settlers, family farmers, rubber‐tappers, extractivist workers, gypsy communities, affected by dams, people from Araguaia, Morroquian communities, among others. In an ethnographic approach field researches were also carried out. In this becoming of several groups and movements we expose the existence of old and new social protagonists, totalizing 52 social groups /communities/movements that added to 47 Indigenous ethnicities that resulted in a prognostic of 99 mapped identities. In the search for finding space for them, a map of the social groups was made, an important result of this thesis. In this map the identities built in traditional dimensions; of the place of culture and habitat; of labor, work and production; of the driving forces and development; and, of the choices and philosophies of life were shown and circumscribed in the territories. The expectation is that with information provided by this research, there will be subsidies for articulations, partnerships and alliances so that the social groups can be strengthened in their struggle for the protection of the State s ecosystems and be attended by the public policies. The environmental education comes hand in hand in this circle allied to the valuing of culture, in the daring idea of reconstructing the sustainable societies that re‐signify values such as environmental justice, belonging and democracy. There are loose dots and lines, but there is also, a territory of hopes that transcends this tyrant time, rescuing the weavings of the collective dreams.
Avifauna pantaneira: diálogo de saberes científico e popular em áreas úmidas (São Pedro de Joselândia, Barão de Melgaço, MT)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-11) Oliveira Júnior, Samuel Borges de; Sato, Michele; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9264997837722900; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2407762540502071
Presently, the accelerating process of globalization has given a change of values that, unfortunately, affect the daily of Bioregional communities, resulting in both loss of biological diversity as well as cultural diversity of those communities. Thus, this study aims to reveal that the Pantanal s community of São Pedro de Joselândia still has a strong relationship with the environment to which it is inserted, as evidenced by the local culture and resident s knowledge, especially the knowledge about local avifauna, demonstrating also that such knowledge can assist in preparing of bird s inventories made by the scientific community and assist in the recognition of resident s knowledge about the Pantanal wetlands, in relevance of dialogue between local and universal knowledge. The methodology is anchored in the Bioregionalism s theories, which advocate the development of the environment surrounding Bioregional communities, taking into consideration the circumstances and the knowledge of these communities. The results allowed the construction of a local list with 162 species of birds belonging to 56 families. The identifications made by the residents were made visually or by vocalizations of the species, and the classification made in the community is linked to morphology, behavior or vocalization of the species. Furthermore, we identified the ecosystem services of provision related to species that serve as a food supplement for the community, and cultural, related to species with some symbolic relation to the residents. Finally, an educational booklet about the community of São Pedro was produced, together with community residents, showing a bit of everyday life and relationships that residents have with the wetland environment, serving as a return to the community of the results achieved during the research.