Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2011-07-14"

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Desenvolvimento de analisadores automáticos em fluxo para o monitoramento de analitos de interesse farmacêutico utilizando microdispositivo LTCC e um minifotômetro Labmade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-14)
Pessoa Neto, Osmundo Dantas
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Faria, Ronaldo Censi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6925274393590079
The objective of this study was to develop automatic flow analyzers for the determination of pharmaceutical analytes using a micro-device based on LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) and a mini-photometer as the detection system. To perform this task, the following devices were developed: 1) A mini-photometer based on RGB-LED (Red Green Blue- Light Emitting Diode) which wavelengths of maximum emission are 465, 525, and 640 nm, respectively, was used as the radiation source. A photodiode (PD) was used as a detector; 2) An optical cell for flowing analysis. A software was developed in graphic language using LabView® 7.0 in order to control and acquire analytical data. The mini-photometer for flowing analysis and software were developed for the determination of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), captopril (CAP), adrenaline (DNA), dopamine (DPN) and ascorbic acid (AAc) in pharmaceutical formulations. First, the mini-photometer was developed and used as a photometric detector. Then, a labmade valve actuator (VA) connected to a computer interface for data acquisition (National Instruments USB 6008) was used to switch on/off the solenoid valves. This interface also enabled to control the mini-photometer as well as the acquisition and processing of transient signals generated in the LTCC. In all determinations, the miniphotometer, the LTCC and the flow system with multicommutation employing threeway solenoid valves were used, except for NAC and CAP where an analyzer with manual injector was used. Solid-phase reactors were also used due to lower reagents consumption. The results from the developed system were compared with reference and validated methods (found in the literature) and there were no significant differences at 95% confidence level. The developed system with LTCC employs low volume of reagents and samples and can be used to determine several analytes in different matrices. applied in any other used (due to), along with a system of universal (able to be applied in any other application in flow) were other good features of this developed system. The good stability and sensibility of the developed mini-photometer (4 x 4 cm) enabled an adequate performance during the determinations.
Avaliação da correlação entre o trabalho essencial de fratura (EWF) e o grau de gelificação de compostos de PVC rígido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-14)
Laurini, Rafael Vilela
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Hage Júnior, Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7475072167427838
Poly(vinyl chloride) or PVC is among the most consumed thermoplastics in the world and has great versatility: A wide range of products, from pipes and rigid window frames to flexible foams, various types of materials such as synthetic leather clothing and flexible sheet can be made from PVC. The mechanical performance of the final product of PVC has direct relationship with the severity of the processing conditions, which can be quantified by the gelation level. This work studied the correlation between the gelation level of rigid PVC samples and the specific essential work of fracture (we), obtained by techniques of analysis of the essential work of fracture (EWF). For this assessment, and in order to control the gelation level, PVC compounds were processed in a torque rheometer, and then molded by compression. Different processing temperatures and two dosage levels in the mixture chamber were used to obtain samples with gelation levels between 2% and 74%, assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). EWF results showed that in PVC samples with low gelation level occur predominantly brittle fracture, while the progressively increasing of gelation level leads to an increasing of ductile portion in the fracture mechanism of the samples. However, samples with excessively high or excessively low gelation levels showed lower we values, when compared to samples with intermediate gelation levels, supported by both industry experiences and results from other researchers, when other techniques were used.
Valoração ecológica de áreas de preservação permanente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-15)
Roncon, Thiago Junqueira
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Beskow, Paulo Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289768261975904
This dissertation uses Emergy Accounting tool, Ecosystem Functional Evaluation and System Ecology approaches to estimate the economic value of Permanent Preservation Areas in São Paulo State, Brazil. Economic values related to natural goods, environmental services and environmental damage were assessed for five case studies located on Serra da Mantiqueira region, which is characterized by semideciduous natural vegetation. This study considered different time period for natural secondary succession: 0, 7, 25, 75 and 200 years. The following natural goods were taking into account for economic valuation: (1) Carbon stock; (2) Decomposers; (3) Nutrients and edaphic structure; (4) Soils and rhizosphere structure; (5) Clay. The economic value in Emdollars (EmUS$) of environmental goods reached 1,180 EmUS$/ha for 0 years time period, 12,922 EmUS$/ha for 7 years, 51,615 EmUS$/ha for 25 years, 182,711 EmUS$/ha for 75 years and 651,520 EmUS$/ha for 200 years. The following environmental services were taking into account for economic valuation: (1) Carbon sequestration and atmosphere chemical composition regulation; (2) Supply of water and soluble minerals to the rivers; (3) Aquifers recharge; (4) Water infiltration; (5 ) Climate regulation; (6) Supplier of food for wild fauna and flora of surrounding ecosystems; (7) Bees pollination, biological control of diseases, increased soil fertility and vegetation productivity of natural ecosystem. The economic value in EmReais (EmR$) of environmental services on natural ecosystem reached 2,181 EmR$/ha.yr for 0 years time period, 4,162 EmR$/ha.yr for 7 years, 4,587 EmR$/ha.yr for 25 years, 4,993 EmR$/ha.yr for 75 years and 4,814 EmR$/ha.yr for 200 years. The x economic value of natural internal areas maintenance were also accounted for: (1) Protection and/or soil formation and soil erosion control; (2) Soil nutrient cycling. These internal services reached 1,257 EmUS$/ha.yr for 0 years, 2,073 EmUS$/ha.yr for 7 years, 2,581 EmUS$/ha.yr for 25 years, 2,984 EmUS$/ha.yr for 75 years and 4,478 EmUS$/ha.yr for 200 years. Finally, the environmental damage identified and evaluated were: (1) Soil erosion processes; (2) Loss of soil structure and edaphic nutrients. Their economic values were 31,832 EmR$/ha.yr for 0 years and 0.0 EmUS$/ha.yr for all other years. All values obtained showed an upward trend according to age of natural secondary succession. Moreover to estimate economic values for environmental services, natural goods and environmental damages, this work shows that the farm s owners whose have natural preserved areas are directly beneficed, as well as society. The indicators obtained in this work highlight the importance of preserved areas with natural vegetation whose economic values should be considered by decision makers for public policies elaboration.
Estudo da dinâmica da solução do solo para o manejo da fertirrigação por gotejamento na cultura do pimentão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-15)
Santoro, Bruno de Lima
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Souza, Claudinei Fonseca
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4858219292242433
Among various systems, the drip irrigation has been increasingly used, mainly because of its greater efficiency in water use. This work aimed to study the dynamics of soil solution, characterizing the distribution and storage of nutrients in the soil solution, and their absorption by pepper through the management of drip fertigation with two flows rates. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located in the Department of Agricultural Science, Unitau. The soil of study is an Oxisol Yellow, medium texture. The crop cycle lasted 120 days. From the readings of TDR probes were possible to estimate water content and soil solution concentration. Thus, the distribution of soil solution was monitored and counted in layers of 0,1m to 0,6 m. The evaluation of root system showed that the treatment of 4 L h-1 had an area of 69,31 cm2, while the treatment of 2 L h-1 had an area of 45,21 cm2. The productivity was 0,19 kg m-2 and 0,27 kg m-2 for 2 Lh-1 and 4 L h-1, respectively, what reinforces the results of nutrients distribution and root system development. It was found that for treatment with the flow rate of 2 L h-1 there was a trend of nutrient loss by percolation, increasing possible contamination of groundwater. The dripper with a flow rate of 4 L h-1 was more efficient at distributing and storing water and nutrients in a soil profile, which improved crop yield.
Desenvolvimento de eletrodos modificados com polímeros condutores e nanotubos de carbono e aplicação na determinação de analitos de interesse farmacêutico em amostras biológicas e em fármacos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-15)
Troiani, Estela de Pieri
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Faria, Ronaldo Censi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9076749540281154
In this work is reported the studies carried out modified electrodes with poly(1-aminoanthracene) (PAA) and poly(1-aminoanthraquinone) (PAAQ), and composite films from a mixture of polymers with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These electrodes were used for determination of dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) in synthetic and real biological samples; in addition, we performed the determination of norepinephrine (NE) and hydroquinone (HQ) in pharmaceutical samples. In this context, was evaluated the influence of a cathodic pretreatment applied to the modified electrodes by verifying a change in electrochemical properties of the films so that after pretreatment of the PAA electrode showed electrocatalytic response to DA while the PAAQ electrode showed a significant increase in DA response. In this work, PAA and PAAQ films were electropolymerized on platinum electrodes, and their surfaces were characterized by microscopic techniques. PAA film showed DA response only after the cathodic pretreatment, which consisted of applying a potential of −0.7 V for 3 s prior to voltammetric measurements. It was found that the union of CNT, PAA and cathodic pretreatment provided a positive synergy, resolving the overlapping oxidation peaks of DA, AA and UA in three well defined peaks. For the PAAQ film, simultaneous responses of AA, DA and UA, with well-defined oxidation peaks was obtained after application of pretreatment, not requiring the incorporation of CNTs in polymer matrix. Using differential voltammetry, analytical curve for AA, DA and UA were constructed with the composite electrode PAACNT showed detection limits of 39.5, 0.29 e 42.2 μmol L−1, respectively. To the cathodically pretreated PAAQ electrode, detection limits obtained were 25.0, 3.05, e 11.5 μmol L−1 for AA, DA and UA, respectively. xxvi Addition of the CNTs in PAAQ film provided a small increase in DA detection limit in the ternary mixture AA, DA and UA, with a value of 3.23 μmol L−1. Following a procedure was developed for NE analysis, using the square wave voltammetry technique (SWV) and using modified PAA electrode. The analytical curve was linear over the NE concentration range between 2.18 99.6 μmol L−1, with a detection limit of 0.58 μmol L−1. Finally, a procedure was developed for the HQ determination using the modified PAAQ electrode and SWV technique. Under optimized experimental conditions, analytical curve was constructed, the HQ concentration obtained range between 2.97 25.5×10−5 mol L−1 and detection limit equal 2.11 μmol L−1. The proposed methods were applied in biological and pharmaceutical samples, obtaining satisfactory results.
Efeito da modulação laser de baixa intensidade na regeneração de tendões de ratos jovens e adultos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-15)
Taciro, Charles
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8381515141542572
Aging is an important factor related to the predisposition to tendon degeneration, pathological and delayed tissue repair. Several physical therapy modalities are used to promote acceleration and improvement of tendon healing, among them the low-level laser therapy (LLLT), but the real effects of this therapy associated with the development and aging effects are not yet known. The present study evaluated the effects of LLLT, applied on the calcanear tendon repair after total tenotomy on calcaneal tendon of rats in two different ages. Young rats (4 weeks old, n = 56, body mass = 111.3 8.3g), randomly divided into 4 subgroups containing 14 animals: J3J (3J/cm2, 8.5mJ/session, 5.0seg/session), J10J (10J/cm2, 28.3mJ/session, 15seg/session), placebo - JPL (0J/cm2), control - JCL (no treatment) and an adult group (27 weeks old, n = 56, body mass = 385.4 34.3g), randomly divided into 4 subgroups: A3J (3J/cm2, 8.5mJ/session, 5.0seg/session), A10J (10J/cm2, 28.3mJ/session, 15seg/session), placebo - APL (0J/cm2) control - ACL (no treatment). LLLT (685nm, 5.4W/cm2) was applied in 12 sessions, once a day, at a single point on the injury site. On the 13th postoperative day, the animals were euthanized and their tendons were removed. The tendon collagen organization was analyzed by polarization microscopy. The metalloproteinases activity (MMP-2 and MMP-1) was analyzed by zymography, nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed by Griess method and the concentration of interleukin-1beta (IL-1 ) and interleukin-10 (IL- 10) by ELISA method. The data analysis showed significant (p <0.05) tissue response to LLLT, both age-dependent and dose-dependent, and the results showed major changes to the adult group at 3J/cm2 when compared to other subgroups in the evaluation of IL-1, IL-10 and birefringence, which we can see a potentially inhibitory and stimulatory window.
Tenacificação de polipropileno com elastômeros olefínicos para aplicações com requisitos de transparência ótica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-19)
Bulhões, Carolina Cerqueira Jordão Ribeiro
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Hage Júnior, Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
The polypropylene is a versatile polymer but has lack of impact resistance. The polypropylene toughness is obtained thorugh the adition of elastomers that cause the loss of the blend stiffness. Many studies were performed in order to have the impact modification efficiency for different types of elastomers normally based on ethylene or styrene. The toughness mechanisms were also studied as well as the nucleant uses for minimizing the negative effect on blend stiffness reduction. The polypropylene blend morphology with containing elastomers, normally, presents two phases harming its transparency. Polypropylene is very used for applications where impact resistance is important but also the transparency like rigid packaging. Some studies were about polypropylene toughness in presence of clarifiers trying to get toughness with transparency. This work aims to evaluate the relation between toughness/ transparency of two types of random polypropylenes using different types of olefinics elastomers, ethylene based and propylene based with different density and molecular weight. The elastomers were added in different amounts, 10% and 20% wt. For the blends with PP12, EOC1 and EOC2 presented an excellent toughness/ stiffness balance. Regarding haze, these two elastomers reduced the blends transparency. PAO1 showed the best toughness/ transparency balance. For the blends with PP45, it was seen that EOC2 had the best toughness/ stiffness balance. However its transparency was reduced. PAO1 e PAO2 showed the best balance toughness/ transparency balance.
Diagnóstico dos resíduos gerados em estações de tratamento de água nas bacias dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-20)
Vilella, Alexandre Luis Almeida
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4557839102891749
The basins of Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí has a territory of 15,304 square kilometers, about 5.2 million inhabitants, 7% of gross national product. However, the scarcity of water resources threatens all this prosperity. The uses of water have led to conflicts because of its multiple and diverse purposes, which require different quantities and qualities. It is against this background that becomes fundamental to understand the current situation of water supply and waste management from the treatment process. The mobilization of society, awareness of public officials and increase the availability of financial resources for the sanitation sector have provided the municipalities to increase their rates of water treatment, through the construction of new structures and technological innovations, however, has aroused another focus attention to the urgent need for the systemic management of waste from water treatment plants, especially the generation, treatment and disposal of sludge and its actual and potential environmental impacts. This research has made diagnosis of generation under the quantitative aspect of the sludge generated in the 89 water treatment plants operating in 58 cities, and identify some experiences about the management. Through various methodological tools, such as the use of questionnaires for data collection to obtain primary data, the paper presents and discusses information about the current generation of waste, existing experiences regarding the disposal and treatment, and the challenges issue requires to be addressed. The results pointed that 9013.20 tons of monthly dry solids are generated, with prominence the one that 70% of plants in operation don't possess any of measurement of the muds system. The realities, front to the service of the effective legislations, training lack and the managers systemic administration and operators on the theme as well as the need of the integration of the sectorial politics with the operation of the systems of water supply that are the great challenges to be overcome.
Aperfeiçoamento de cultivos de alta densidade celular de rE.coli utilizando glicerol como fonte de carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-20)
Sargo, Cíntia Regina
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8592230787138302
Pneumococcal diseases are a major cause of mortality worldwide. New vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae are been developed. The pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is an important pneumococcal virulence factor and a potential vaccine candidate, therefore, a recombinant fragment of PspA gene was cloned into pET37b and the plasmid was inserted into E. coli BL21(DE3) for improved protein production in high cell density cultures (HCDC). Fed-batch is the operational mode most frequently used to obtain high cell density in recombinant E. coli cultures. Before running a high cell density culture (HCDC) of E. coli, it is usually necessary to decide whether to use glucose or glycerol as carbon source in defined or complex media, with IPTG or lactose as inducing agents. Glycerol has outstanding potential as carbon source because its assimilation does not trigger undesirable metabolite formation, even when growth takes place at high rates. However, glycerol is usually simply used as a glucose substitute in media designed for the latter as carbon source. Furthermore, most of the bioreactor induction strategies have been based on a template from molecular biology shake flask expression studies. Here, both batch and fed-batch defined culture medium formulations were modified to improve performance of the process for glycerol as growth limiting substrate. The experiments were carried out in 5 L bioreactor, using an automatically controlled exponential feeding and glycerol as carbon source. The standard defined medium formulation was modified to improve performance of the process for glycerol as growth limiting substrate and induction by both IPTG and lactose was studied. Specific growth rates up to 0.57 h-1, biomass formation yield of 0.56 g DCW/gglycerol and cellular productivities around 6.0 g (DCW)/ L h were achieved in shortened rE. coli HCDC by increasing the thiamine concentration in the medium, adding phosphate salts to the feeding medium and raising the growth phase temperature to 37°C. The performance of lactose as inducer was investigated by implementing an innovative induction strategy, which consisted of addition of a lactose pulse followed by a continuous supply of lactose mixed with glycerol in the feeding solution. The results indicated similar productivity [1.3 g (DCW)/ L h], protein maximum yield (220 mgprotein/g DCW) and concentration (26 gprotein/L) when using IPTG or lactose. These values are significantly higher than some of the best reported in the literature, confirming the efficacy of the proposed biomass formation and protein production strategy. Glycerol showed outstanding performance as carbon source, enabling high growth rates without acetate formation. Together with automatic control of the exponential feeding profile, the cultivation strategy employed resulted in higher rates of cell growth and protein production, leading to shorter cultivations with higher productivities and, consequently, lower production costs. This work is an important contribution to the field of HCDC with glycerol as carbon source and lactose as inducer.
Política e religião: o envolvimento dos católicos carismáticos na política brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-21)
Reis, Marcos Vinicius de Freitas
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0706355533898912
The objective of this study is to analyze the political behavior of politicians linked to the Catholic Charismatic Renewal (CCR). The choice of politicians with such religious affiliation was given due to the significant number of adherents, the Catholic Church's support and the national visibility for its events . For this, bills of state and federal deputies have been analysed, to know if their proposals are consistent with their political parties and CCR s interests. The study drew a biographical profile of heir representatives and the reasons that led charismatic Catholics to step into the political arena.
Estudos das enzimas adenosina kinase e hipoxantina-guanina fosforibosiltransferase de Schistosoma mansoni
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-22)
Romanello, Larissa
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Garratt, Richard Charles
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1405100203133067
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7005429030610852
Schistosoma mansoni is the parasite responsible for schistosomiasis mansonica, a disease that affects about 207 million people worldwide, and does not have the purine de novo sinthetic pathway, depending entirely on the purine salvage pathway to supply its demands on purines. Adenosine kinase (AK) and Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) are important enzymes of the purine salvage, the AK directly phosphorylates adenosine into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and HGPRT is responsible for the reversible phosphorybosylation of hypoxanthine or guanine into IMP or GMP. The purine salvage pathway has been reported as a potential target for developing new drugs against schistosomiasis. The nucleotide coding region of the isoform 2 of AK enzyme was amplified and cloned into pGEM vector and pET28a, the recombinant protein was expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3), purified in a his-tag nickel-affinity resin and AMP-agarose resin, tested for its activity and crystallized. Two data sets were obtained by X-ray diffraction: a ternary complex of AK2-AMP-adenosine in the MX2 light line of the Synchrotron Light National Laboratory and a binary complex AK2-tubercidin in the rotatory anode X-ray source of the Institute of Physics at Sao Carlos - USP, both at 2.3A of resolution. The nucleotide coding region of the enzyme HGPRT was also amplified, cloned into pGEM and pET28a, which heterologous expression was done in E.coli BL21 (DE3) cells at 18°C and purified on a cobalt his-tag affinitiy resin.
Abordagem para desenvolvimento de aplicações móveis com reuso de software baseado em modelagem específica de domínio e arquitetura orientada a serviços
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-26)
Bellini, Alexandre
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1221756779664063
This dissertation presents an approach for the development of mobile applications emphasizing software reuse based on domain-specific modeling and Service Oriented Architecture. The approach is divided into two stages: Domain Engineering (DE) and Application Engineering (AE). In DE, a metamodel, services and Transformations for Model-To-Code are constructed. The metamodel expresses the abstract syntax of Domain-Specific Languages (DSL) for a given problem domain and services - known as the Domain Services - meet common requirements of different applications of the problem domain for which the metamodel has been built, and Transformations for Model- To-Code to reduce the development effort since most of the coding tasks can be encapsulated in the transformations. In EA, applications are built by instantiating the metamodel in order to support the modeling and by reusing Domain Services. In addition, the transformations, built in ED, are applied to the models in order to generate most of the application code. The reuse of the artifacts built in ED provides a productivity gain in the development of applications of the problem domain considered. For evaluation purposes, the proposed approach has been instantiated in the HealthCare Domain. An experimentation of this approach, following the experimental methodology, has been conducted in order to evaluate its impact on the efficiency of teams that develop applications for Healthcare Domain. The results showed that the use of the proposed approach has contributed to the reduction of time in developing mobile applications.
Materiais refratários e práticas operacionais para aumento de vida útil dos cadinhos para transporte de alumínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-26)
Braga, Paulo Moreira
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6081166957911404
The work described in this study deals with the several different factors that affect the performance of refractory lining in the ladles that transfer aluminum molten metal from electrolytic cells (pots) to a holding furnace. By using a systemic approach the work had the objective of increasing the life cycle of these ladles and consequently to reduce the cost of producing aluminum metal. Considering that for refractory lining the potential improvements are associated with a chain of items that include inspection, materials, engineering project design, installation, heating and operation, it is therefore fundamental to primarily understand the process in its entirety before proposing any type of change in the specific items of that chain. Within that context the first step of adjustments/improvements in the process pursued actions to extend the life cycle for the refractory materials that were being used. After implementing those adjustments and improvements an evaluation was performed on the efficiency of the actions for minimizing the mechanisms of wear on the refractories. An autopsy analysis was also carried out in three laddles to identify the bottlenecks that still limited the life cycle of the refractory lining. Results showed that the work culminated in an average increase of 83% in the life cycles of the refractories. Considering the ladles available for implementing improvements, 91% were able to perform more than 400 metal runs, whereas before improvements only 9% were making more than 400 runs. Additionally, the maximum number of runs per laddle increased by 53%, from 467 to 715. Besides the increase in availability of the ladles, this significant increase in the performance of the refractories brought financial gains in reducing by 47% the annual maintenance and pre-heating costs of the refractories. The measuring of the degree of success of the steps performed in the work was fundamental for orientating each following step within the intent to obtain a continuous improvement of the refractory materials and an increase in the level of competitiveness.
Avaliação in vitro da atividade antimicrobiana da terapia fotodinâmica sobre Streptococcus mutans em biofilme denteal in situ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-26)
Panhóca, Vitor Hugo
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Kurachi, Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194007981724312
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6145200370366650
The Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) has shown that is a promising alternative for buccal disinfection. The objective of this in situ work is to investigate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy over biofilms by the use of curcumine and Photogem® presented in a solution. In this research 18 volunteers were selected randomly from both sexes, with age over than 18 years. These patients wore a removable palatine device that contained six enamel/dentin specimens of 5 square millimeters by 2 millimeters of thickness. Those patients wore those devices during the period of four days, after that the biofilm created over the specimens were treated using different PACT protocols. The effect of the PACT treatments was evaluated by the microbial reduction of the Streptococcus mutans by UFC counting. This study compared a control group with the curcumine group that didn't received light irradiation with another group that was treated with the PACT protocol using curcumine solution, and other group that used the photosensitizer presented in solution with Photogem®. The obtained results of this investigation showed the reduction of the amount of the S. mutans UFC. The highest reduction (p=0.02) was observed when the PACT is applied with solution using Photogem as the photosensitizer. In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy over biofilms by the use of curcumine (1.500μg/mL) and Photogem® (1.000μg/mL) followed by LED system irradiation (λ=640±5nm).
Índice de Yang e teoremas generalizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-26)
Costa, Willer Daniel da Silva
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Ramos, Adriana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1067090731407577
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7668462848942459
We work with T-spaces (X; T), where X is a Hausdor_ compact space and T : X ! X is a continuous involution without _xed points. Considering the sphere Sn with the antipodal map, we highlight three classical theorems relating to the T-space Sn;A): Borsuk-Ulam's theorem, Kakutani-Yamabe-Yujobô's theorem and Dyson's theorem. This dissertation consists of a detailed study of the article fo C. T. Yang (Annals of Math. 60, no. 2 (1954), 262-282) where the author introduces a concept of the index and presents, in a sense homological, generalizations of the three theorems cited above, considering any T-space. Beyond the generalizations itself, we build examples of the index calculation of some T-spaces and, still, we explore a concept of orthogonality in T-spaces.
Planejamento de inibidores da cruzaína baseado em fragmentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-27)
Fonseca, Emanuella Maria Barreto
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Montanari, Carlos Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9200533791228786
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1789418915938702
The Chagas disease, described in 1909 by the Brazilian sanitary physician, scientist and bacteriologist Dr. Carlos Chagas, is caused by the Trypanosomatid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Current treatments involve the use of drugs benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are effective only in the early stage of the disease (acute phase), but have severe side effects. The enzyme cruzain is a validated target for searching small molecules to act against Chagas disease. Cruzain inhibition has been studied for the discovery and development of new drugs. In this work, the planning strategy was based on molecular fragments, using a computational approach for selecting them. Using GRID/CPCA, important residues such as Ser207 and Asp69 were identified in an adjacent cavity to the S2 sub-site of the enzyme. These residues can take part on hydrogen-bond interactions and have not been explored in the search for inhibitors for this target. In addition, we identified patterns of molecular recognition of the enzyme, based on the structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank, which are co-crystallized with inhibitors at the site of the enzyme. These inhibitors were used to guide the search via SMARTS pattern to build a fragment database. Docking and molecular dynamics were used to select the fragments for an in vitro assay. Many fragments were acquired and tested against cruzain using the technique of fluorescence spectroscopy. One fragment (Nequimed147) showed activity, inhibiting the enzyme with IC50 equal to 2.39 mM, resulting in a ligand efficiency of 0.23 kcal mol-1 weight atom-1. Based on this fragment, new inhibitors were identified with IC50 between 1.25 and 4.29 mM. Their ligand efficiencies were in the range of 0.21 and 0.26 kcal mol-1 weight atom-1 whose molecular recognition features are suitable for the search of new enzyme inhibitors likely to bind the cavity near the S2 sub-site that has not been explored yet.
Aprender LE com planejamento e material comunicativos temáticos para desenvolver competência comunicativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-27)
Cassoli, Elaine Regina
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Barbirato, Rita de Cassia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1960348348498685
This qualitative, ethnographic-interpretative research aimed at analyzing the development of communicative competence of English Language undergraduate students of a private college in the center-western region of the state of São Paulo during their participation in a Thematic Task-Based Planning for English teaching and learning through classes guided by the use of a theme, the history of Great Britain, and communicative tasks with focus on meaning. The students' perceptions, feelings and how they behave throughout the process have also been investigated in this study. In order to collect the data, the following instruments have been used: initial and final cloze tests, three written evaluations throughout the process, audio recordings of tasks and written production of the tasks which have been previously performed orally and transcribed for analysis, plus questionnaires administered to students in different moments of the course. The framework is based on theoretical studies of theme and taskbased teaching of authors such as: Almeida Filho (1993, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2009); Barbirato (1999, 2005); Bygate, Skehan, Swain (2001); Candlin (1987, 2001); Crandall (1994, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2006); Ellis (2000, 2003); Nunan (1989, 2004); Prabhu (1987, 1990); Skehan (1998, 2001); Skehan, Foster (1997, 1999, 2001); Van den Braden (2006,2008); Willis (1996); Willis, Willis (2007), among others. The analysis has shown that the work combining theme-based teaching and communicative tasks could be an alternative for the teaching and learning of English in the context investigated, where it was previously found that most participants had limited linguistic and communicative competence in the target language. It was also possible to verify that the work with communicative tasks with focus on meaning and based on the theme of the history of Great Britain provided collaborative efforts among the students and opportunities for noticing the form, vocabulary or pronunciation of the target language. The data analysis also showed considerable improvement in the oral proficiency of the students in the target language.
Efeito da própolis sobre o crescimento de bacilos gram-negativos móveis coletados em hortifrutigranjeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-27)
Fabiano, Melina Zuzi
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Bernardes Filho, Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4955439483175452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5448897722493958
Currently there is great concern about the quality and food contamination. All food marketed "in nature" may have some kind of contamination by microorganisms can be or not pathogenic for those who consume them. The contamination can occur throughout the production chain until it reaches the final consumer. In addition to the health problem, contamination can contribute to reducing the shelf life of products "in nature." A product that can act in this chain, improving the hygiene of foods such is propolis, that since ancient times has been used to battle infections. Known as a natural antibiotic is widely used in veterinary and human medicine as well as industries such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and others. Propolis is derived from a mixture of plant resins, collected by bees, and its therapeutic action is associated with a high content of flavonoids. In Brazil, the green propolis is considered the that hve best antibacterial efficiency. Thus, this study sought to characterize and identify the action of green propolis, produced in the southern state of Minas Gerais, on gram-negative bacilli collected from horticultural and from results obtained propose a possible form of incorporate extracts of propolis in horticultural production chain for the purpose of cleaning the places where food is transported, stored, and the hygiene of such foods. We evaluated the action of propolis on the bacilli collected by obtaining growth curves in the presence of propolis and the disk diffusion method, with the aim of finding the minimum concentration of propolis extract able to inhibit or delay the growth of these bacilli and that do not change the taste, smell and color of food where the propolis was applied.
Caracterização química por cromatografia líquida e análise quimiométrica de espécies vegetais de Bauhinia com aplicação em controle de qualidade de amostras comerciais de "pata-de-vaca"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-27)
Carvalho, Vinicius Augusto Perasolo e
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1274012496361862
Chemical characterization by liquid chromatography and chemometric analysis of Bauhinia species (popularly known as pata-de-vaca ) with applications in quality control of commercial samples. The infusion of leaves from Bauhinia species, is commonly used in the treatment to combat various diseases, among them diabetes. Studies show that B. forficata species possesses the most hypoglycemic activity among the species of the genus. However, due to the extreme morphological similarity between its leaves in comparison to other species , occasionally the popular use in the decoction of leaves is improper. Thus, it is necessary to develop methods of quality control of herbal drugs, in order to certify the authenticity of them. The chemical profiles (fingerprints) obtained by chromatographic analysis of plant extracts, brings a large amount of information, providing multivariable systems that can be used as a good parameter for quality control. The present study reports the separation optimization of the constituents obtained from aqueous extract on Bauhinia species by gradient elution on reverse phase. The chromatograms were first aligned using the MatLab® software and the COW algorithm (Correlation Optimized Warping) and after, the chromatograms were subjected on exploratory chemometric analysis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and used to create models for supervised chemometric classification (KNN, SIMCA and PLS-DA) performed using the Pirouette® software. 170 chromatograms of extracts obtained from leaves of botanically identified trees from three different species - B. forficata, B. longifolia and B. variegata - were used on analysis by PCA and HCA, which allowed the visualization of the distribution of 15 commercial samples of "pata-de-vaca". Those samples were also analyzed using the supervised classification models, and among them, 3 were classified as B. forficata, 6 were classified as B. longifolia and 5 of them were classified as B. variegata. For one of the samples it was not possible to classify its species due to large difference among the determinations obtained from the three distinct analytic tools
Síntese e avaliação da atividade biológica de compostos N-Heterocíclicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-28)
Sangi, Diego Pereira
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6724875409484974
N-heterocyclic compounds have a large number of biochemical and medical applications and an important role in the discovery of new drugs, and many of best sellers, currently in use, contains one or more N-heterocyclic rings. Some classes of N-heterocyclic compounds are considered privileged scaffolds because the large spectrum of biological activities. In this work we developed a new microwave promoted synthesis of N,Sacetals and N-heterocycles, more specifically, benzoxazoles, oxazolines, hexahidropyrimidines and oxazinanes, starting from ketenedithioacetal. This new procedure allowed the synthesis of these compounds in shorter period of time when compared with other procedures described in the literature. A library of quinoxaline 2,3 disubstituted was synthesized, employing cross coupling reactions and also condensation of o-phenylenediamine and α-diketones. Biological activity of the quinoxalines 2,3-disubstituted was evaluated on the proliferation of promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Some of the synthesized quinoxalines showed good inhibition values at low concentrations. The anti-proliferative activity of the 2,3-diarylquinoxalines were also evaluated using MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells, however they showed no significant inhibition .