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Síntese e avaliação da atividade biológica de compostos N-Heterocíclicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-28)
Sangi, Diego Pereira
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6724875409484974
N-heterocyclic compounds have a large number of biochemical and medical applications and an important role in the discovery of new drugs, and many of best sellers, currently in use, contains one or more N-heterocyclic rings. Some classes of N-heterocyclic compounds are considered privileged scaffolds because the large spectrum of biological activities. In this work we developed a new microwave promoted synthesis of N,Sacetals and N-heterocycles, more specifically, benzoxazoles, oxazolines, hexahidropyrimidines and oxazinanes, starting from ketenedithioacetal. This new procedure allowed the synthesis of these compounds in shorter period of time when compared with other procedures described in the literature. A library of quinoxaline 2,3 disubstituted was synthesized, employing cross coupling reactions and also condensation of o-phenylenediamine and α-diketones. Biological activity of the quinoxalines 2,3-disubstituted was evaluated on the proliferation of promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Some of the synthesized quinoxalines showed good inhibition values at low concentrations. The anti-proliferative activity of the 2,3-diarylquinoxalines were also evaluated using MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells, however they showed no significant inhibition .
Desenvolvimento de processo não-convencional para produção de celulases por Aspergillus niger em biorreator pneumático na presença de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29)
Cunha, Fernanda Marisa da
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6876593588999622
In Brazil, sugarcane bagasse stands out as an abundant and available source of lignocellulosic material in sugar mills. It has structural features that make it a possible inducer for cellulase production by microorganisms. Since sugarcane bagasse is a promising material both as an inducer of cellulases and as a feedstock for second generation ethanol, the development of innovative fermentation processes for the production of cellulases in industrial scale is necessary in order increase the viability of the enzymatic hydrolysis of this material. In this way, the purpose of this study was the development of an unconventional process for cellulase production using an Aspergillus niger strain. The process has the purpose of sugarcane bagasse utilisation as substrate for the production of an inoculum with first step of preparation in solid-state fermentation (SSF), besides its use as an inducer for the synthesis of cellulases by submerged fermentation (SF) in the presence of solids, operating in triphasic systems. With this aim, the effect of carbon source used, glucose (10 g.L-1 and 20 g.L-1) and lactose (10 g.L-1) and the type of inoculum preparation (conventional or inoculum first step in SSF) were evaluated in shaken flasks cultures. The best production of endoglucanase (CMCase) obtained in shaken flasks was 1052 ± 34 IU L-1, after 72 h in cultures and prepared with the inoculum with solid state fermentation as first step with solid medium supplemented with 10 g.L-1 of glucose. These results were validated in a pneumatic bioreactor of 5.0 L at different pH values (5.0 and 6.0). The best results obtained in terms of volumetric productivity were 57±13 U.L-1.h-1 of endoglucanase, 327±17 UL-1.h-1 of xylanase and 10±1 UL-1.h-1 of filter paper activity (Fpase) in cultures with pH 5.0 and unconventional inoculum. It can be stated that the production of cellulases in the presence of sugarcane bagasse with large particle size (1 to 2 mm) is a viable and promissing alternative. The unconventional inoculum proposed as the object of study, with first step in SSF, was superior to conventional inoculum, since when applied to fermentation systems resulted in 3-fold superior enzymatic productivity of CMCase. It can be stated either that studies with pH values that favor cellulases syntesis instead of proteases can increase significantly the volumetric productivity.
Análise metabolômica via RMN: amostras de urina e látex
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29)
Nascimento, Eduardo Sanches Pereira do
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5976523433515037
The aim of the first part of this work was to apply the concept of metabolomic analyses in urine samples obtained from humans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and treated with yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) infusions using nuclear magnetic resonance. T2DM is the most recurrent type of diabetes and corresponds to about 85-90% of DM cases. Brazil is the fifth country with the largest number of people diagnosed with DM and it was estimated that in 2010 about 40 thousand people died due to diabetes. Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a tree which belongs to the family aquifoliaceas and it is originated from the subtropical region of South America. Among several phytochemicals present in yerba-mate the most important are phenolic compounds, saponins and methylxanthines. The use of yerba-mate as a functional food is relatively recent and earlier studies have shown that aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguariensis, which are rich in phenolic compounds, are capable of inhibit the formation of the advanced glycation end-products. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and two-dimensional experiments) was capable of identify and quantify the major metabolites present in the human urine samples diagnosed with T2DM and IGT. The relatively quantification of the metabolites alanine, DMA, citrate, creatinine, betaína and TMAO showed that the intake of yerba-mate infusions could assist in the treatment of DM. The aim of the second part of this work was to apply the concept of metabolomic analyses in latex samples using the nuclear magnetic resonance technique as an analytical tool to evaluate the influence of rootstock on grafting, the quality of latex from different Abstract xiv DQ - UFSCar rubber tree clones and the latex with high and low production of poliisoprene belonging to the same clone. The production and consumption of natural rubber in Brazil is gradually growing, however the consumption rate is superior to the production rate causing deficits and rising imports of the product. The rubber tree clones in Brazil were created and studied in order to fight South America Leaf Blight, however the focus of recent works have been the developments of clones with high poliisoprene production, wind resistance, better precocity, and panel disease resistance. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and two-dimensional experiments) was capable of identify and quantify the major metabolites present in the latex samples. In the study of the influence of rootstock on grafting was possible to distinguish the latex samples from the RR and GG groups. The latex samples from GR group are similar to the latex samples of RR group while the latex samples of RG group are spread between the RR and GG groups. From the several clones studied in this work it was possible to verify that the IAC 505 clone is the most similar to the experiment witness clone RIMM 600. Through the analysis of the 1H NMR spectrum of the IAC 235 latex samples was possible to verify that the most important difference between the latex samples with high and low production of poliisoprene is the concentration of sucrose.
Ensino significativo de física por projetos: campanha de economia de energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29)
Oliveira, Naylor Ferreira de
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Garcia, Ducinei
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8965991263152800
This work presents a strategy of meaningful learning based on projects. In the education proposal, steps are suggested to the development of the general design, regardless of the subject to be studied. These steps envolve the application of a diagnostic evaluation (student/teacher), motivation circumstances, research (students), concepts formalization (teacher), development and execution of the Project, exposure results, discussion on social networks, classroom discussions and final evaluation (students). These steps are developed in activities held inside the classrooms and extra classrooms. To exemplify this proposal, an specific Project called Campanha de Economia de Energia Elétrica (Power Energy Economics Campaign) was developed to be used as motivating and facilitating instrument to aim a successfully teaching. In order to fulfill the requirements of the Project, it was explored the wide exposure of the subject in the print and broadcast media, besides the Technologies, posters, debates and lectures. In this context, the Project of the author and its application are described in first and second classrooms of high school as well as other Project elaborated by two teachers of public school, through Observatório da Educação UFSCar-Capes, an state university located in the city of São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil. This work also presents the topics discussed during the development of the Project, the diagnostic evaluation and the final evaluation, besides the Schedule activities, with handouts, suggested to be taken as a pattern to be followed by the Professional of the same area. This work emphasizes the effects of sharing knowledge and experiences. In a general way, the application and pedagogic learning Project makes this process much more efficient and engaged. So, the concerned people, mainly students, can take advantage in understanding the meaning of scientific terms.
Internações hospitalares e mortalidade por fratura de fêmur em idosos na rede pública de saúde do Brasil entre 1992-2008: modelos de previsão, sazonalidade e relação com variáveis meteorológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29)
Castro, Alessandra Paiva de
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Rebelatto, José Rubens
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9752231881764067
Introduction. There is a lack of information on epidemiological trends and seasonal variation relating to femoral fractures among elderly people in Brazil. This study had the aims of examining the historical series of hospital admissions and intrahospital mortality due to femoral fractures among elderly Brazilians, within the public healthcare system; ascertaining whether any trend or periodicity exists (and the correlation with climatic variables); making predictions; and verifying differences between brazilian regions, genders and age groups. Method. Monthly data from the hospital information system of the national healthcare system relating to hospitalizations and mortality due to femoral fractures among elderly people, covering 1992-2008, were used. Population-based coefficients of hospital admission were calculated from the resident populations, according to sex and age group in each region of Brazil, and were analyzed using time series analysis methods, to ascertain seasonal variations and adjust predictive models. Then, monthly meteorological data (compensated mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean relative air humidity, total insolation, number of days with precipitation and total accumulated rainfall) relating to the period from 1992 to 2009 were used, from Porto Alegre, Curitiba, São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, Goiânia, Salvador, Fortaleza, Teresina and Manaus. The numbers of hospital admissions due to femoral fractures within the public healthcare system in ten Brazilian state capitals during the study period were gathered from the DATASUS database. Results. The southeastern region presented the highest mean coefficients, followed by the central-western and southern regions. Older age groups and females presented higher coefficients of hospitalization. There was a seasonal pattern, with higher coefficients in the winter for all age groups, both sexes and all regions except northern Brazil. From 1992 to 2008, a significant reduction in coefficients occurred (24.4%), but the time series revealed an increasing trend starting in 2001, which presented a projected increase in the coefficient of hospitalization for Brazil of 27% by 2018. However, among elderly individuals over the age of 80 and in the central-western region, decreases in the coefficient were projected. The mortality rate was 4.1% over the study period. The southeastern region, older age groups and males presented higher mortality rates. The time series for Brazil, females, the age group from 70 to 79 years, the northern region and the southeastern region presented semestral periodicity, with higher mortality rates in the winter and summer and lower rates in the spring and autumn. Between 1992 and 2008, there was no significant variation in the rate, but by 2018, there will be an increase of around 45%. Seasonality was observed in the femoral fracture coefficients in the seven state capitals of higher latitude, while it was not observed in the three capitals of lower latitude. The climatic factor that presented the greatest correlation with the fracture coefficients was the minimum temperature (r = -0.5 in São Paulo). In most of the state capitals, the correlation was inverse and delayed by one month. In some state capitals, there was also a negative correlation with precipitation, with delays that ranged from one to three months. The correlations with humidity and insolation were less consistent and of lower intensity. Conclusions. Many issues in epidemiology of femoral fractures in Brazilian older people were clarified.
Estudos hematológicos e caracterização estrutural e funcional das hemoglobinas do peixe pulmonado Lepidosiren paradoxa (Dipnoi, Fitzinger, 1837) e do peixe de respiração aérea facultativa Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Characiformes, Spix, 1829)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-01)
Silva, Hugo Ribeiro da
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
The blood cell composition in their qualitative and quantitative aspects as well as the functional properties of hemoglobin (Hb) shows characteristic of adaptation to the aquatic environment, aiding the understanding of the adaptability of the fish to the environment. The present study aimed to analyze the peripheral blood cells and the structural and functional characterization (in vitro) of hemoglobins of the South American lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa and facultative air-breathing fish H. unitaeniatus collected nearby Cuiaba, MT. The hematological variables, blood cell size, plasma ions, glucose and protein concentrations and the osmolality as well as the electrophoretic patterns of Hbs, the Root effect, quantification and the effect of allosteric modulators (IHP, ATP, GTP, 2.3 - BPG and NaCl) of the affinity of Hb to oxygen and Hb affinity in experiments of oxygenation in the blood stripped to and 4oC, 21oC and 40oC. The blood cells of L. paradoxa are exceptionally large and not numerous compared to H. unitaeniatus. The hematocrit and blood pH were similar in the two species. The erythrocyte number was lower in L. paradoxa (52 .103 ± 17 L-1) than in H unitaeniatus (2386 .103 ± 370 L-1). The hematimetric indexes mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular Hb were higher in L. paradoxa while the mean corpuscular Hb concentration and Hb concentration were higher in H. unitaeniatus. Among the white blood cells, in L. paradoxa, the lymphocytes (65.00 ± 4.00 %) were the most frequent cells, followed by eosinophils (19.00 ± 3.00 %), neutrophils (12.00 ± 2.00 %), monocytes (2.00 ± 0.60 %) and basophils (1.40 ± 0.40 %). In H. unitaeniatus lymphocytes were also the most frequent cells (85.14 ± 3.21 %) followed by neutrophils (12.00 ± 3.00 %) and monocytes (2.90 ± 1.23 %). In L. paradoxa the Mg+2, glucose and total protein plasma levels were significantly smaller than in H. unitaeniatus. There were no significant differences in the levels of K+, Ca+2, Cl- and osmolarity of plasma and between both species. Two Hb components, one major and another minor band was identified in L. paradoxa and another smaller; in H. unitaeniatus 6 anode components being 3 slow components and 3 fast component have been identified at different concentrations. In both species the stripped Hbs in three temperatures and in the presence of modulators, showed normal Bohr effect. In L. paradoxa cooperatively values were near 2.00 indicating cooperatively and absence of effect of Root; in H. unitaeniatus the cooperatively values were near 1.50, indicating low cooperatively and presence of Root effect. The affinity of Hb-oxygen proved be higher as decreased the temperature. The 2.3 - BPG was little effective in modulate the Hb in both species. The IHP ATP, GTP, and NaCl acted as negative modulators, being more effective in the modulation of Hb of H. unitaeniatus. The 2.3 - BPG was not detected in H. unitaeniatus and the ATP was the primary nucleotide intraeritrocitário for the two species being approximately 2 times higher than the GTP. In L. paradoxa was detected small amount IP2, but not in H. unitaeniatus. Our results show marked differences between the blood cells of L. paradoxa and H. unitaeniatus and the ability of adaptation of Hbs to environmental conditions to which they living.
Precessão Livre de Onda Contínua (CWFP) como ferramenta para supressão do sinal de solvente em RMN de alta resolução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-01)
Duarte, Claudimar Junker
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Venâncio, Tiago
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438399441102990
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065086767122141
The application of Continuous Wave Free Precession (CWFP) method for solvent suppression in high resolution NMR spectroscopy is reported. The applied methodology was based in the use of conventional pulse sequence that use a train of pulses with same phase, intensity and duration, separated by a time interval (Tp) shorter than the longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of the sample. After that, it was performed modifications that correspond to the phase alternation of pulses. These modifications allowed to minimize phase anomalies, which result from the refocusing of the magnetization and occur in the 1H spectrum when using the conventional pulse sequence. Through the new sequence, named PA-CWFP, it was possible to suppress solvent signals in several samples with different characteristics and the determination of sucrose content in four different types of grapes (Vitis vinifera), available in the local trade. In addition, the train of pulses with phase alternation was added in two routines 2D experiments: COSY (Correlation Spectroscopy) and HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple-Bond Correlation Spectroscopy). The results were compared with traditional sequences for solvent suppression and demonstrate the potential of Continuous Wave Free Precession method for experiment of this type.
Isomerização do n-Hexano por platina suportada na zeólita H-ZSM-5 : efeito do teor de alumínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-01)
Gomes, Fagner Alves
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2587990892434114
The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the Si/Al ratio (11.5, 15.0, 25.0, 40.0 and 140.0) in zeolite ZSM-5 in the conversion, activity, selectivity and stability as bifunctional catalysts (Pt/H-ZSM-5) applied to the isomerization reaction of n-hexane. To prepare the bifunctional catalysts, initially the zeolites were submitted, successively, to ion exchange with ammonium cations, ion exchange cations with platinum, calcination and activation process. From the results of the isomerization of n-hexane, it was observed that with the increase of the Si/Al ratio, that is, decreasing the amount of aluminum, there was a reduction in activity and conversion. This is due to decrease the number of acid sites present, responsible to isomerize the carbocation generated in these sites. In contrast, the increase of the Si/Al ratio leads to a better selectivity to the formation of isomers. Among the catalysts, the Pt/H-ZSM-5 (15.0) showed the best result of conversion and activity. In order to compare the Pt/H-ZSM-5 catalysts, the reaction was carried out using the isomerization catalyst Pt/H-Beta (9.0). This catalyst had the best result that all the others, this result may possibly be due to increased acidity of the material and its morphological characteristics, such as type and diameter of pores etc. and/or the crystallite size of zeolites used.
Complexos de cobre(II) com bases de Schiff, tipo ONNO derivados de cis- e (±)-trans-1,2-ciclohexanodiamina: síntese, caracterização e estudos como catalisadores na oxidação de catecóis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-02)
Silva, Ricardo Soares Mota
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Dockal, Edward Ralph
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7666959621410912
Salen-type complexes are an important class of coordination compounds, which have been used to catalyze a wide variety of reactions in various homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Complexes of transition metals are very versatile and participate in many chemical processes, which make the study of these very interesting. Research shows that the complexes of salen [salen = N, N'-ethylenebis (salicilidenoamina)] are efficient catalysts, and some compounds of this type have been investigated as catalysts in the oxidation of catechol. In this work were synthesized three types of compounds, ligands, mononuclear complexes and binuclear complexes. The three series have satisfactory yields. The compounds synthesized in this work were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, vibrational spectroscopy in the IR region, absorption spectra in the UV-vis, conductivity measurements and solubility. The ligands were also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. From these characterizations, comparisons were made between ligands, mononuclear and binuclear complexes, and also with respect to the effects of the substituents on the aromatic ring taking into account series with and without methoxy substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5. The kinetics was performed using a spectrophotometer, following the formation of the product derived from oxidation of 3,5-di-tertbutylcatechol at 400 nm. It was also observed, the proportion of conversion by gas chromatography. Among the complexes that showed catalytic activity are the cis and trans complex [Cu(Cu(salcn))Cl2], kcat = 0,037 s-1 e kcat = 0,035 s-1, respectively; and the cis and trans complex [Cu(Cu(5-MeOsalcn))Cl2], kcat = 0,040 s-1 e kcat = 0,060 s-1, respectively.
Efeitos de uma desintegrina RGD recombinante de Rhinocerophis alternatus (Bothrops alternatus) na migração de células normais e tumorais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-03)
Montenegro, Cyntia de Freitas
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1510751976021672
Cell migration, invasion of the surrounding tissues, blood vessels and proliferation are cellular processes involved in metastases. These events are mediated by integrins, adhesion receptors present on cell surfaces and responsible for the extracellular matrix and cells binding. Disintegrins, snake venoms polypeptides, are known to inhibit integrins action, and thus metastatic events such as cell migration. They also have influence on metallopeptidases activity, enzymes that cleave ECM components facilitating tumor cells invasion. DisBa-01 is a recombinant RGD disintegrin from Rhinocerophis alternatus (Bothrops alternatus) venom gland. In previous studies we have demonstrated that DisBa-01 binds to _v_3 integrin with high affinity and has an anti-metastatic activity. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DisBa-01 on migration and MMPs activities in fibroblasts and cell lines of breast cancer, MDA-MB-231, prostate, DU-145 and murine melanoma, B16F10. Transwell migration tests, wound healing and gelatin gel zymography were performed using DisBa-01 at concentrations of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 nM. Transwell migration was significantly inhibited in fibroblasts, MDA-MB-231 and DU-145 but had no effect on B16F10 cells, which had fibroblast conditioned medium as chemoattractant. In wound healing assays only DU-145 migration in a 1000nM concentration was significantly inhibited. Finally, zymography was performed using wound healing assay conditioned medium to analyze the presence of MMPs 2 and 9. In fibroblasts and B16F10 cells MMP-2 and MMPs 2 and 9 were decreased respectively. On the other hand, MDA-MB-231 cells showed increased MMP-9 activity, in all concentrations tested. Given the results, DisBa-01 can be used to build models for possible drugs rational design that may act in anti-metastatic therapy, in addition to its use as a research tool to elucidate integrins related mechanisms.
Avaliação da resistência ao desgaste de aços inoxidáveis conformados por spray
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-03)
Beraldo, Leamar Guedes
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
The aim of this work was the study of the microstructure and the wear resistance of two stainless steels, the ferritic-AIF with 27% Cr and the superduplex-SDM modified with boron (3.5% wt.), processed by spray forming. The rapid solidification promoted by this process has resulted in the formation of a new structure with refined grains and metastable phases. The deposits, weighing about 3.5 kg, were characterized by combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness, micro hardness and wear resistance according to ASTM G65-04. The deposits of AIF and SDM showed more refined microstructure and higher hardness in respect to materials produced by conventional casting. The wear resistance of the SDM was higher than the materials tabulated in ASTM G65-04, namely, AISI D2 tool steel and Stellite 1016, while the AIF presented an intermediary value between these two materials. The addition of boron to the SDM is associated with the formation of borides and led to an increase in the hardness and wear resistance of this spray formed material.
Estudo da solidificação do aço rápido M2 em diferentes lingotes e seus efeitos na microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas finais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-03)
Delgado, Magno Pereira
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Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6017849725670158
The high speed steels are mostly applied in cutting tools, like drills, cores and top milling cutter. Its microstructure is composed by martensite, with high hardness, strong tempering resistance and disperses carbides on its final work condition. The main alloys elements used in the M2 high speed steel are the Mo, W and V. It was studied 3 types of ingots: 150 Kg, 850 Kg and 1700Kg, all of them with a H/D relation (high/ transversal section) = 3. Also, its was studied two of the principal process parameters of the high speed steels, ingot sizes and hot deformation, analyzed by microstructure sizes and mechanical properties. It was analyzed the effects of the ingots sizes, cells sizes and cooling rates in the ingots microstructures and its effects in the microstructure and mechanical properties after the hot deformation by the forging process. The cooling rates, related to the ingot sizes, are variables that affect directly the size and carbides distribution after the forging process, and they will act directly in the final properties of these materials, especially in the wear resistance and toughness. The results show that, even the smaller ingots provide higher cooling rates; its dimensions are not big enough to provide a sufficient reduction area degree in the hot deformation, able to provide adequate mechanical properties. Also, too small ingots are not industrial productiveness. In the other hand, the big ingots, in spite of allow higher deformation rates, and provide more productivity; generate segregation that compromised the final toughness in the ingots. The commitment between the productiveness and the quality are essential and must be considered.
Análise da dinâmica da paisagem em uma região da bacia do rio Corumbataí-SP e suas consequências para o fluxo gênico entre populações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-03)
Carrocci, Juliana Baggio
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123312021353708
The Corumbataí River watershed is one of the most degraded areas of the Sao Paulo State due to historical process of use and occupation of their lands. As a result, structural forest fragmentation occurred. These conditions the communities composition and diversity are changed as well as biotic interactions, interfering in gene flow between isolated populations and thus the sustainability of forest remnants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in land use and cover in the region of Savannah Reserve of Corumbatai, between the years 1978, 1988 and 2000, and its theoretical consequences for gene flow via pollen between populations, using as indicators of habitat quality Euglossina bees. As methodological procedures were used geoprocessing techniques and landscape metrics. The results showed that the process of expansion and intensification of agriculture, especially of sugar cane crop, between the years analyzed was the main cause of deforestation in the region between the period 1978 to 2000, and the savannah was to forest formation the most affected. This process acted in the landscape structural connectivity due to simplify the landscape mosaic, reducing the average size of fragments and increasing isolation among fragments, influencing the functional connectivity of the area to the Euglossina flow. This was mainly due to increasing in the proportion of sugar cane area, crop considered as a barrier to the flow of Euglossina and the reduction of habitats. The results showed that in the study area occurred structural fragmentation process, reflecting in the viii landscape connectivity. This occurred due to inadequate process for use and occupation of land, even after the establishment of conservationists public politics.
Hematita: um novo método de síntese para a indústria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-04)
Costa, Célia Domingues da
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4720655813521058
The motivation in studying the properties of iron oxides was due to difficulty in obtaining colored pencils in shades of brown, with good coverage. To carry out this work we used pigments for industrial use Icra provided by the company that is seeking new technologies to modernize its industrial park and the company Faber-Castell new suppliers of pigments. To study the pigment supplier of business best suited to the project was used atritor grinding mill, to assess the behavior of the pigment in high-energy milling and after analysis of the pigments was selected the most suitable for continuation of the project. Developed methodology to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the pigment in different processing times by microwave hydrothermal. These techniques allowed to evaluate the evolution of the phases, morphology and structural disorder in samples of atritor milling and recrystallization of the pigment using the microwave hydrothermal. The characterization techniques used in the project were: BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy with field emission (FEG-SEM).
Além do dinheiro e dos demônios: o neopentecostalismo no Brasil e na Holanda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-04)
Medeiros, Rangel de Oliveira
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Freston, Paul Charles
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5348477336627331
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the Pentecostal discourse focusing primarily on various levels of discourse production of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) and the International Church of the Grace of God (ICGG) in order to answer the following question: Is the structuring of these churches predominantly built on the theology of prosperity or on a more varied a range of discursive elements? Based on the hypothesis that these churches try to offer a full experience of life and religion, in opposition to the idea that has been spread by many non-academic commentators and academic works that these churches are only ―supermarket of faith‖, where the ―customer‖ ―buys‖ religious products that he will use in his worldly life and soon goes away, eventually to become ―customer of another supermarket‖. To this end we analyzed two different national contexts. Church activities were followed in Brazil, mainly in Florianopolis, and the Netherlands, especially in the capital Amsterdam. This work also has the characteristics of case study and comparative study. Information obtained during fieldwork in Brazil brought elements for analyzing the behavior of the church and its parishioners in a very different national context, thus enabling us to see what remains and what changes in the discourse of the church and the attitudes of the followers in the new context.
Terpenóides e seu metabolismo em fungos: um estudo de Scleroderma sp. e Xylaria sp.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Gomes, Diego Zulkiewicz
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Rodrigues Filho, Edson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5194179097395467
In the present work, the lanostane triterpenes Lanosta-8,24-diene-3β,23-diol and Lanosta-8,23-diene-3β,25-diol were isolated from the basidiomycete Scleroderma sp., an extremely rich source of triterpenes and not yet reported as having it. The molecular structures were completely determined by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses with fragmentation mechanisms being also suggested. These and other substrates were considered for terpenoids metabolism study in Xylaria sp., a micro-organism known from previous projects, at the research group LaBioMMi, by living in mutuality with Sapindus saponaria, a saponins producer plant, known for its antifungal metabolites. Different substrates were considered for fungal experiments, including oleanolic acid, isolated from clove and identified by 1H NMR, stevioside, obtained from commercial source, avenacosides A and B from oats, used in its natural way (known for being rich in these glycosides) and the previously isolated lanosterols from Scleroderma sp. As in their habitat, Xylaria fungus has proved to have great glycosides affinity, promoting deglycosylations reactions or even combining them with different sugar patterns. Oleanolic acid was completely consumed by the micro-organism, while lanosterol were fully incorporated into the fungus mycelium. Using high-resolution LC/MS analysis with Q-TOF hybrid analyzer, the metabolites were accurately identified so as some biotransformation products.
Perda ambígua em cuidadoras de crianças com autismo: ela existe?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Oliveira, Cristiane Camargo de
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Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3770883068633136
The ambiguous loss is the uncertainty or lack of information about the whereabouts or condition of a loved one. The ambiguity freezes the mourning process and it prevents cognitions, blocking strategy of coping and making-decision process. According to this theory, it can be observed either at the loss in which there is lack of information about a loved one or in the conflicting perception of the family in which members are considered present or absent in the inner circle. Few studies evaluate ambiguous loss in families with autists. The present research aimed: 1.To identify and describe the possible expressions of current feelings of the ambiguous loss in caregivers of children with autism; 2. To verify which coping strategies are more common in these caregivers; 3. To relate possible expressions of ambiguous identity to the measurements of stress and depression in these caregivers, as well as to the degree of severity of the autism. Four caregivers of children with autism aged from six to eight years participated in this study. The caregivers were interviewed on several topics related to the ambiguous loss and they answered instruments about stress, depression, strategy of coping and autism severity of their children. The interview content and the scores of the instruments of the four participants were analyzed. Afterwards, the reports of ambiguous identity with the stress punctuations, depression and autism level were associated. Three children had mild to moderate level and one severe level. All these caregivers presented stress and depression levels, with the prevalence of the coping strategies of social Support, Resolution of problems and Positive Revaluation. After the analysis of the semi-structured interview of ambiguity, it was observed the existence of feelings related to the ambiguous loss in all of these caregivers, with reports on the six categories. Lack of clarity about their child´s diagnosis was prevalent. The results showed the relationship between the increase of the frequency of ambiguous identity with the stress results and the severity of the autism. Based on the identification of experiences of ambiguous loss in these families with autist children, this present research can provide to the professionals further better assistance and a comprehensive and complete supporting to such families.
Avaliação da acessibilidade e da usabilidade de um modelo de ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para a inclusão de deficientes visuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Mari, Carina Morais Magri
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Costa, Miguel Antonio Bueno da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4190028279327710
This work presents collaborations of the ergonomics for the virtual learning environment, for its configuration and its use, seeking the inclusion of people with visual disabilities. These collaborations go along with the cognitive principles of ergonomics in which the focus is on the aspects of the usability and accessibility of interfaces of such environments. The virtual learning environment used was Moodle which is applied at Universidade Federal de São Carlos in order to offer distance education courses and where a visually impaired student takes subjects from the technological sugar-cane alcohol production course. The aim of this work is to analyse the interfaces under the view of accessibility, usability and ergonomics so as to facilitate the usage of the virtual learning environment from visually disabled students, contributing to the improvement of the UFSCar‟s distance education system, providing opportunity of inclusion to people with visual disabilities concerning distance education.
Monitoramento ambiental e higiene ocupacional em uma indústria química da cidade de São Carlos SP: ênfase em qualidade do ar interior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Kawamoto, Mayumi Silva
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2237815241908895
In a workplace, workers are daily exposed to various physical and chemical agents which become health hazards and jeopardize the welfare of the affected individuals. Considering the issue of occupational hygiene and environmental monitoring, this study aimed to evaluate the indoor air quality in the production environment of an industry of paints, varnishes, solvents and products for leather in the city of São Carlos. Were monitored from August 2010 to March 2011, in about four hours by sampling, the following parameters: total particulate matter and respirable fractions, levels of carbon dioxide, noise, temperature and humidity, and also proceeded to the chemical characterization of particulate material collected by the technique of X-Ray Fluorescence and the evaluation of total volatile organic compounds (VOC s). The results showed values above the temperature recommended by the RE/ANVISA nº 9 with an average of 27ºC for the period tracked and humidity values with an average of 52%, which is considered within the recommended by the same standard. The noise levels, in 14 of the 31 samples, were above permitted by NR 15 which is 90 dB (A) for 4 hours with an average value of 73,13 dB(A) for the months sampled and peaks above 90 dB(A) in almost all months. The levels of CO2 are within permitted by NR 15 (3900 ppm) and RE/ANVISA nº 9 (1000 ppm). As for particulate matter, the MP2,5 fraction had average value below 7 μg/m³ and is within the recommended values, as the MP10 and MPT are outside the recommended by OMS and RE/ANVISA nº 9, considering that the MPT is above the recommended 13 days of sampling, ranging from 34,6 to 182,6 μg/m³ in the months sampled. Chemical analysis quantified the elements: Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, P, Pb, S, Si, Sr, Ti, Zn, and the elements of higher concentration in the sampled period were: Al, Fe and Si with maximum concentration of 47,68 μg/m³, 32,81 μg/m³ and 45,25 μg/m³, respectively. The average value for VOC s was 17,85 ppm.
Avaliação de estratégias analíticas para reduzir interferências em ICP-MS e ICP OES
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Bianchi, Silmara Rossana
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8503338877948315
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) are widely multi-element techniques used to analysis complex samples. Otherwise some aspects, such as spectral interferences and low transport efficiency due to pneumatic nebulization limit their applications. In this work the use of the collision-reaction interface (CRI) of ICP-MS in sequential extraction of the As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V and Zn in sample of soil treated with vinasse for removal of polyatomic interferences and online hydride generation using a Flow Blurring® multinebulizer for the elimination of matrix interferences and improvement of transport efficiency in determining the As, Sb, Se and Sn by ICP OES have been evaluated. In the evaluation of the CRI, it was found that the flow rates of 60 mL min-1 of H2 and 80 mL min-1 of He introduced into the skimmer cone were the flow rates that showed better efficiency in the correction of interferences and was necessary to perform the inorganic matrix matching (majoritarian elements) of the calibration curve and blanks. The sequential extraction of soil samples treated with vinasse showed that the addition this residue contributes to the increase in the concentration of Cu in exchangeable fraction. The proposed method for hydride generation uses an integrated system, in which the formation of volatile species occurs by interaction of aerosols generated by the different multinebulizer orifices in the ICP-OES spray chamber, without the need of any special system. To this end, two of the three multinebulizer orifices are used to continuously nebulize acid and reducing agent, respectively, while the third one is used to sample introduction. The system was optimized to obtain the highest sensitivity using factorial designs. Interference effects of transition metals were corrected by addition of thiourea. The accuracy of the method was verified by determination of antimony, arsenic, selenium and tin in standard reference materials.