Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2011-07-29"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Desenvolvimento de processo não-convencional para produção de celulases por Aspergillus niger em biorreator pneumático na presença de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29) Cunha, Fernanda Marisa da; Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6876593588999622
In Brazil, sugarcane bagasse stands out as an abundant and available source of lignocellulosic material in sugar mills. It has structural features that make it a possible inducer for cellulase production by microorganisms. Since sugarcane bagasse is a promising material both as an inducer of cellulases and as a feedstock for second generation ethanol, the development of innovative fermentation processes for the production of cellulases in industrial scale is necessary in order increase the viability of the enzymatic hydrolysis of this material. In this way, the purpose of this study was the development of an unconventional process for cellulase production using an Aspergillus niger strain. The process has the purpose of sugarcane bagasse utilisation as substrate for the production of an inoculum with first step of preparation in solid-state fermentation (SSF), besides its use as an inducer for the synthesis of cellulases by submerged fermentation (SF) in the presence of solids, operating in triphasic systems. With this aim, the effect of carbon source used, glucose (10 g.L-1 and 20 g.L-1) and lactose (10 g.L-1) and the type of inoculum preparation (conventional or inoculum first step in SSF) were evaluated in shaken flasks cultures. The best production of endoglucanase (CMCase) obtained in shaken flasks was 1052 ± 34 IU L-1, after 72 h in cultures and prepared with the inoculum with solid state fermentation as first step with solid medium supplemented with 10 g.L-1 of glucose. These results were validated in a pneumatic bioreactor of 5.0 L at different pH values (5.0 and 6.0). The best results obtained in terms of volumetric productivity were 57±13 U.L-1.h-1 of endoglucanase, 327±17 UL-1.h-1 of xylanase and 10±1 UL-1.h-1 of filter paper activity (Fpase) in cultures with pH 5.0 and unconventional inoculum. It can be stated that the production of cellulases in the presence of sugarcane bagasse with large particle size (1 to 2 mm) is a viable and promissing alternative. The unconventional inoculum proposed as the object of study, with first step in SSF, was superior to conventional inoculum, since when applied to fermentation systems resulted in 3-fold superior enzymatic productivity of CMCase. It can be stated either that studies with pH values that favor cellulases syntesis instead of proteases can increase significantly the volumetric productivity.
Internações hospitalares e mortalidade por fratura de fêmur em idosos na rede pública de saúde do Brasil entre 1992-2008: modelos de previsão, sazonalidade e relação com variáveis meteorológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29) Castro, Alessandra Paiva de; Rebelatto, José Rubens; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9752231881764067
Introduction. There is a lack of information on epidemiological trends and seasonal variation relating to femoral fractures among elderly people in Brazil. This study had the aims of examining the historical series of hospital admissions and intrahospital mortality due to femoral fractures among elderly Brazilians, within the public healthcare system; ascertaining whether any trend or periodicity exists (and the correlation with climatic variables); making predictions; and verifying differences between brazilian regions, genders and age groups. Method. Monthly data from the hospital information system of the national healthcare system relating to hospitalizations and mortality due to femoral fractures among elderly people, covering 1992-2008, were used. Population-based coefficients of hospital admission were calculated from the resident populations, according to sex and age group in each region of Brazil, and were analyzed using time series analysis methods, to ascertain seasonal variations and adjust predictive models. Then, monthly meteorological data (compensated mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean relative air humidity, total insolation, number of days with precipitation and total accumulated rainfall) relating to the period from 1992 to 2009 were used, from Porto Alegre, Curitiba, São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, Goiânia, Salvador, Fortaleza, Teresina and Manaus. The numbers of hospital admissions due to femoral fractures within the public healthcare system in ten Brazilian state capitals during the study period were gathered from the DATASUS database. Results. The southeastern region presented the highest mean coefficients, followed by the central-western and southern regions. Older age groups and females presented higher coefficients of hospitalization. There was a seasonal pattern, with higher coefficients in the winter for all age groups, both sexes and all regions except northern Brazil. From 1992 to 2008, a significant reduction in coefficients occurred (24.4%), but the time series revealed an increasing trend starting in 2001, which presented a projected increase in the coefficient of hospitalization for Brazil of 27% by 2018. However, among elderly individuals over the age of 80 and in the central-western region, decreases in the coefficient were projected. The mortality rate was 4.1% over the study period. The southeastern region, older age groups and males presented higher mortality rates. The time series for Brazil, females, the age group from 70 to 79 years, the northern region and the southeastern region presented semestral periodicity, with higher mortality rates in the winter and summer and lower rates in the spring and autumn. Between 1992 and 2008, there was no significant variation in the rate, but by 2018, there will be an increase of around 45%. Seasonality was observed in the femoral fracture coefficients in the seven state capitals of higher latitude, while it was not observed in the three capitals of lower latitude. The climatic factor that presented the greatest correlation with the fracture coefficients was the minimum temperature (r = -0.5 in São Paulo). In most of the state capitals, the correlation was inverse and delayed by one month. In some state capitals, there was also a negative correlation with precipitation, with delays that ranged from one to three months. The correlations with humidity and insolation were less consistent and of lower intensity. Conclusions. Many issues in epidemiology of femoral fractures in Brazilian older people were clarified.
Ensino significativo de física por projetos: campanha de economia de energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29) Oliveira, Naylor Ferreira de; Garcia, Ducinei; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8965991263152800
This work presents a strategy of meaningful learning based on projects. In the education proposal, steps are suggested to the development of the general design, regardless of the subject to be studied. These steps envolve the application of a diagnostic evaluation (student/teacher), motivation circumstances, research (students), concepts formalization (teacher), development and execution of the Project, exposure results, discussion on social networks, classroom discussions and final evaluation (students). These steps are developed in activities held inside the classrooms and extra classrooms. To exemplify this proposal, an specific Project called Campanha de Economia de Energia Elétrica (Power Energy Economics Campaign) was developed to be used as motivating and facilitating instrument to aim a successfully teaching. In order to fulfill the requirements of the Project, it was explored the wide exposure of the subject in the print and broadcast media, besides the Technologies, posters, debates and lectures. In this context, the Project of the author and its application are described in first and second classrooms of high school as well as other Project elaborated by two teachers of public school, through Observatório da Educação UFSCar-Capes, an state university located in the city of São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil. This work also presents the topics discussed during the development of the Project, the diagnostic evaluation and the final evaluation, besides the Schedule activities, with handouts, suggested to be taken as a pattern to be followed by the Professional of the same area. This work emphasizes the effects of sharing knowledge and experiences. In a general way, the application and pedagogic learning Project makes this process much more efficient and engaged. So, the concerned people, mainly students, can take advantage in understanding the meaning of scientific terms.
Análise metabolômica via RMN: amostras de urina e látex
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29) Nascimento, Eduardo Sanches Pereira do; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5976523433515037
The aim of the first part of this work was to apply the concept of metabolomic analyses in urine samples obtained from humans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and treated with yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) infusions using nuclear magnetic resonance. T2DM is the most recurrent type of diabetes and corresponds to about 85-90% of DM cases. Brazil is the fifth country with the largest number of people diagnosed with DM and it was estimated that in 2010 about 40 thousand people died due to diabetes. Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a tree which belongs to the family aquifoliaceas and it is originated from the subtropical region of South America. Among several phytochemicals present in yerba-mate the most important are phenolic compounds, saponins and methylxanthines. The use of yerba-mate as a functional food is relatively recent and earlier studies have shown that aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguariensis, which are rich in phenolic compounds, are capable of inhibit the formation of the advanced glycation end-products. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and two-dimensional experiments) was capable of identify and quantify the major metabolites present in the human urine samples diagnosed with T2DM and IGT. The relatively quantification of the metabolites alanine, DMA, citrate, creatinine, betaína and TMAO showed that the intake of yerba-mate infusions could assist in the treatment of DM. The aim of the second part of this work was to apply the concept of metabolomic analyses in latex samples using the nuclear magnetic resonance technique as an analytical tool to evaluate the influence of rootstock on grafting, the quality of latex from different Abstract xiv DQ - UFSCar rubber tree clones and the latex with high and low production of poliisoprene belonging to the same clone. The production and consumption of natural rubber in Brazil is gradually growing, however the consumption rate is superior to the production rate causing deficits and rising imports of the product. The rubber tree clones in Brazil were created and studied in order to fight South America Leaf Blight, however the focus of recent works have been the developments of clones with high poliisoprene production, wind resistance, better precocity, and panel disease resistance. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and two-dimensional experiments) was capable of identify and quantify the major metabolites present in the latex samples. In the study of the influence of rootstock on grafting was possible to distinguish the latex samples from the RR and GG groups. The latex samples from GR group are similar to the latex samples of RR group while the latex samples of RG group are spread between the RR and GG groups. From the several clones studied in this work it was possible to verify that the IAC 505 clone is the most similar to the experiment witness clone RIMM 600. Through the analysis of the 1H NMR spectrum of the IAC 235 latex samples was possible to verify that the most important difference between the latex samples with high and low production of poliisoprene is the concentration of sucrose.