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Biocompatibilidade da vitrocêramica bioativa (Biosilicato®): análises in vitro e in vivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29) Kido, Hueliton Wilian; Peitl Filho, Oscar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3007441705652783; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2913551944409323
Due to limited availability of autogenous bone and of the risks associated with the use of bone allografts, new synthetic materials have been developed in order to replace the bone tissue lost due to trauma or pathological process. The bioactive materials in the form of scaffolds are synthetic materials promising for bone grafting. Several studies suggest that these biomaterials are able to stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts and osteogenesis at the site of fracture. However, the feasibility of these biomaterials to a clinical application requires the investigation of their biocompatibility. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of a scaffold synthesized from a fully crystallized glass-ceramic bioactive quaternary system P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 (Biosilicate®), through histopathological analysis of the biomaterial implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats and the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis of the biomaterial in cell cultures (OSTEO-1 and L929 cells). Histopathologic analysis of the biomaterial was performed using 65 Wistar rats male (210- 260 g), randomly divided into two groups, Control group (n = 3 animals per period) and Biosilicate group (n = 10 animals per period), evaluated at 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after surgery. The animals of Biosilicate group underwent surgery and received a subcutaneous implant of Biosilicate® scaffolds. The animals of Control group underwent surgery but did not receive any biomaterial implant. The cytotoxicity analysis was performed to assess the effect of products leaching from Biosilicate® scaffolds (extracts) on cellular proliferation (MTT). The extracts were evaluated in various concentrations (100, 50, 25 and 12.5%) in experimental periods of 24, 72 and 120 hours in two cell lines (OSTEO-1 and L929). The genotoxicity analysis (comet assay) was performed to assess DNA damage in cells OSTEO-1 and L929 grown in contact with the Biosilicate® scaffolds in different periods of 24, 72 and 96 horas. The statistical analysis of parametrics data was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post-hoc and the analysis of nonparametrics data was performed by Mann-Whitney test. Both statistical tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. The results of histopathological analysis showed that the animals of the Control group did not present inflammation process, necrotic tissue and fibrous tissue. The animals of Biosilicato group showed a granulation tissue after 7 days of implantation. In the other periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 days) a chronic inflammation process of foreign body, marked by the presence of fibrous tissue and giant cells was observed. No infection or necrotic tissue was observed in any animal. In the analysis of cytotoxicity, it was observed that extracts of Biosilicato® scaffolds did not have any significant effect in reducing cell proliferation OSTEO-1 and L929, and that lower concentrations of the extracts (12.5 and 25%) stimulated the proliferation of both cells in periods of 72 and 120 hours. The analysis of genotoxicity showed that the Biosilicate® scaffolds did not induce DNA damage in the cell lines tested in all experimental periods. The results of this study showed that the Biosilicate® scaffolds presented biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro.
Estudo limnológico de um trecho do médio rio Madeira (região de Porto Velho - RO), com ênfase na comunidade Zooplanctônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29) Arantes Junior, João Durval; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1811499879300642
Madeira River is the fourth major river of the planet considering its discharge, only behind the Amazonas, Congo and Orinoco rivers. It is the main affluent contributing with half of the suspended solids transported by the Amazon River. In the present work a limnological research was carried out in a 300 Km stretch of Middle Madeira River. Two different approaches were adopted in order to characterize physically and chemically the system: A real time monitoring of physical and chemical variables at short time intervals and trimestrally punctual surveys. Seven field expeditions were carried out corresponding to different hydrological periods: decreasing water level, low water, rising water level and high waters. Eight sampling stations were distributed along the 300 km of River Madeira stretch for measurements of physical and chemical variables, plus water and plankton samples collection. Some variables were measured in situ by the Yellowsprings multiparameter probe and water was taken for laboratory suspended matter, nutrient and ion cocentration measurements. In the real time monitoring the measurements were taken each 30 minutes along 423 days in the period between 23/01/2010 and 22/03/2011. The results obtained evidenced the strong influence of the hydrological cycle on the water turbidity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration and pH. Short time pulses starting with abrupt changes in the water level and discharge of River Madeira greatly influenced water turbidity and electrical conductivity. The zooplankton community was composed by 101 taxa, being Rotifera the group of highest species richness (45 species). Copepoda was a group with noticeably high richness of species, being represented by fifteen species, among which some Amazon endemic taxa. Total diversity is moderate compared to other fluvial systems in Brazil. Protozoa was the group that contributed most to the zooplankton biomass particularly in the periods of decreasing water and low water levels of the year 2010. Mean density of zooplankton was 9,714 ind. m-3 and mean biomass was relatively low with a mean value of 14.22 x 103 μg.m-3. The zooplankton community is probably limited by the low primary productivity of this white water river and primarily responds to the wide fluctuaions of the main driving forces of the system, both the seasonal and interannual changes in the river water level.
Contribuição ao conhecimento dos Metopiinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) do Brasil, com ênfase em ambientes de mata e cerrado da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mogi-Guaçu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29) Araújo, Carolina Rodrigues de; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7783988829286117
ABSTRACT This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian fauna of Metopiinae through the characterization and quantification of their genus and species in areas of semideciduous forest and savanna in Mogi-Guaçu River Basin, located in Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Malaise traps were installed in 10 sampling points located in six localities along the entire basin, during August 2009 to September 2010. It was collected 195 specimens of Metopiinae, distributed in 41 taxa (34 species- with seven new species-, and seven "close species") among then we found 15 new records for the Brazilian fauna (14 species and one genus). The species Exochus izbus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 and Exochus sp. n. 1 were more abundant and had better distribution, being found in five and six fragments, respectively. The sampling points relating to the localities of Andradas-MG and Luiz Antônio-SP had higher abundance and greater species richness of Metopiinae. The sampling points relating to Bom Repouso-MG (sampling point II: Boa Vereda de Cima) and Jacutinga-MG (Morro da Forquilha) had considerable richness of species and highest values of diversity and evenness. The sampling points of Luiz Antônio-SP, analyzed separately due to sampling differences, also had high diversity index and evenness, and the area of riparian forest had the highest richness and abundance of Metopiinae. The fragments with more faunistic similarity were sampling point I (Serra dos Garcias) and III (Damásio district), both in Bom Repouso-MG, with 70% of similarity. It was found that Metopiinae are more abundantly collected in the rainy season, confirming the relationship between abundance and seasonality. Descriptions of new species, the characterization of other species and more information about geographical distribution of Metopiinae were other important contributions of this work.
Trabalho individual e trabalho coletivo de pequenos produtores rurais: um estudo na cooperselene de Sinop (MT)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29) Peiter, Mara Beatriz; Eid, Farid; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1399082619423324; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5579237700208317
The current literature about the modalities of organizations that deal with the solidarity economy tends to affirm an alternative attitude of the new solidarity experiences of the selfmanagement and cooperation given the opening that fall into the capitalist relations of production. In Brazil, the culture of cooperation is observed since the era of Portuguese colonization. This process emerged in the Brazilian Cooperative Movement came out of in the late 19th century, incited by civil servants, militaries, personnel professionals and workers, to serve their needs. They would represent the manifestation of a new method of the work organization and economic activities in general. The city of Sinop/MT where this research was carried out, today focuses a large volume of business related to the husbandry and each day more is growing according to increase of the population. There are many cattlemen who assure the economics of the agribusiness in the town. Then, we formulate the question about how occurred the trajectory of the milk producer in the municipality, whose this, is inserted into an organization that before was associative and now is converted into a cooperative, in search of better production and commercialization. This, the work intended to discuss this topic showing data from an exploratory qualitative research carried out in the Cooperativa Agrícola Selene Cooperselene-located in the rural area on Selene Road, town of Sinop/MT in the period of October, 2010 to March, 2011. In the results of this research we see the strengthening of security of the milk producer with to the delivery and sale of his product in the entrepreneurial organization. The data shows that labor relations have improved when cooperative members departed from the individual to the collective work, as well as growth prospects and insertion of the new products which are part of the internal politics of the group. Despite of all the advances, we realized that there are lot of things to be still done with regard to work about cooperativism and associativism. The complex access to availability of financial resources and subsidies of the government still is present and is the cause for complaint of current cooperative members. However it is known that the process is gradual, but can be achieved always seeking the strengthening and improvements to the collective in this model of organization.
Avaliação da produção de complexo celulásico por diferentes isolados bacterianos utilizando bagaço de cana como substrato indutor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29) Verniz, Luiz Alfredo de Souza; Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2414926542921975
The searching for new fuel sources has motivated new studies which aim to produce the second-generation of ethanol, also called 2G . However, the costs to produce that fuel are still high because the sugarcane bagasse is not considered a residue any more, but a subproduct that can generate income to the industries that produce it, being a vapor energy form to the company or an electricity source to sell. The use of the sugar cane bagasse to produce 2G ethanol requires a significant amount of lignocellulolitic enzymes. The main aim of this study is to reduce the cost of the production of these enzymes by means of studying isolated lignocellulolitic bacterium from Stenochironomus larva. The goal is to evaluate its productivity in several submersed fermentation processes and surface fermentations. Submersed fermentations were conducted using sugar cane bagasse and soy meal as substrates and different concentrations were applied in culture media. A total of 11 isolated enzymes were evaluated initially, and re-selected at each new stage of the process. The enzyme cultures were conducted by the reduction sugars quantification and the results enabled us to demonstrate that the bacteria Sphingobium and Pseudomonas were the most productive when compared to the others. Our results have highlighted that those bacteria were strongly influenced by the addition of different organic nitrogen sources in the fermentation culture. From the introduction of those components, the enzyme activity became higher and this fact was corroborated by the index of 4.36 U/mg protein for Xilanase, 0.12 U/mg protein for FPase and 2.31 U/mg protein for CMCase.
Análise da produção do espaço urbano do município de São Pedro/SP : um caso de polinucleação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29) Fracassi, Priscila Carrara; Francisco, José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8983952030976391
The current study examines the production of urban space in São Pedro SP, considering that it occurs in a very peculiar way, where urban spaces spread on countryside in search for region's natural amenities, creating an urban scenery discontinuous and polynuclear. Defined by Town Guideline Plan as Urban Zone outside the headquarters of the Town (Z10), polynuclear areas results from the articulation of certain persons who appropriate the spaces in order to enjoy the rent of land, thereby reproducing the capitalist relations based the super-exploitation of man and environment, not worrying about the impacts resulting from these uses. Among the most active agents of this process are the Property Developers and the State. In the case of the municipality of São Pedro there is another important agent linked to social behavior: tourism. Thus, for the feasibility study were carried out research of the historical and socio-spatial features of this urban agglomeration and literature review on the subject. Moreover, the research also made use of data obtained in field studies, examination of existing urban laws in the three levels of government documents and other means. Finally the effectiveness of analysis and systematization of the data, using the concept of Spatial Deconstruction, allowed a spatial reading of urban expansion in different perspectives, highlighting the impacts to the natural or anthropic old. Such reading of the space intended to contribute for the implementation of policies related to the municipal planning and management, as well as enabling the ordering of the territory in its uniqueness to reverse the impacts generated by the process of Spatial Deconstruction for the reestablishment of the Renaturation.
Trajetórias de jovens em conflito com a lei: passado e presente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29) Machado, Dinair Ferreira; Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8107342125081884
The frequency of young in conflict with the law sets up with a social problem, whose solution is usually thought only from a process of education at the familiar scope. In the modernity, therefore, this responsibility turned out to be shared with the State. This research had, as general goal, to know according to the investigated youngster´s perception, the reasons and effects that took them to commit some infraction acts and others not to commit them. The study compared a group of young people that reported they had conflicts with the law with the other ones that, in the same research, reported not to commit this conflict, rebuilding their trajectory of life in their environment of socialization. These young people made part of a previous research made in the municipality of Botucatu in 2002, over the Public Health Department of Unesp / Botucatu. The interviews at the current job were made according to the young people´s history of life and their familiar, who were indicated by them like the biggest affective link: mother or father. It was tried to realize what differed the two groups from the point of view of the effects and dispositions. This is important to verge that the narratives were illuminated by a detachment of eight years from the moment of the first research, that is, the past was updated and rebuilt according to the new experiences. From the fifteen young people who were interviewed, eleven were male and four were female; two were at the prison and one had been murdered (these people´s histories of life were rebuilt based on the testimony of the family: mother or stepmother). Most of them were working (ten) and only three hadn´t concluded high school. From eight youngsters who related the conflict in the first interview, four didn´t have it anymore and the other four still had the conflict; from these, one was at the prison at the epoch of the current research and one had been murdered. From the seven youngsters who didn´t relate the conflict, four kept in this situation, three started having the conflict and one was at the prison. The trajectory of life of the youngsters was marked by situations that, for ones, had the role of protection and for others was factor of vulnerability, for example: the family, school, religion and friends. What differed the youngster´s choices was the meaning given by them for the experiences that they had lived.