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Atributos químicos e microbiológicos de solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar sob manejo convencional e orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-25) Zorel, Daiane; Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3192211661022190
The identification of soil quality indicators that demonstrate the alterations occurred in areas under organic management is important to determine the sustainability of this kind of cultivation. The soil microbial biomass and activity have been considered as important indicators of soil quality, especially when different management systems are employed in agroecosystems. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate management systems (organic and conventional) of the sugar cane over the soil quality, analyzing the chemical attributes as organic matter, pH, potential acidity, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, cation-exchange capacity, (CEC), sum of bases (SB), and percent base saturation (%BS), as well as the microbiological attributes as number of fungi and bacteria, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR) and metabolic quotient (MQ). The soil analyses were taken in the period comprised between May/2009 and September/2010. Among the chemical parameters that most showed the alterations in soil caused by the management are pH, magnesium concentration, potential acidity, SB and %BS. Higher values obtained with these two last parameters in the organic systems with addition of compost and limestone (SOCA) or compost and corrective, especially, indicate soil fertility. There was no significant difference among the treatments concerning MBC probably because it is an area where only recently the experiments were established. An influence of the sampling period was observed, with high values in the higher rainfall period. Higher values of BR were detected in the organic systems, especially in May and August/2009, which was coincident with the higher rainfall period and temperature. Although no significant difference was verified, the higher values of MQ were verified in the conventional system. Concerning the number of fungi and bacteria, the microbial community seemed to respond better to the climate/rhizosphere than the treatments involving the different management systems. Among the parameters studied, the BR was the most effective parameter to detect changes that occur in the soil due to the management system, showing that the organic system altered the soil quality, which reflected in the microbial activity.
Empoderando pais para a luta pelos direitos de seus filhos com deficiência: pesquisa-ação emancipatória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-25) Araújo, Rosângela Martins de; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4694607287235371
Currently the perspective focused only on the individual and his or her disability has been replaced by researches on family-centered approaches and integrated with partnership and collaboration support process. This trend encouraged the creation of new parenting programs emphasizing family as a unit, including programs designed to empower parents of individuals with disabilities. Empower parents meant moving away from the notion of parents being compliant and passive recipients that allows them the opportunity to discuss and deal with their problems and possible solutions, and moreover professionals can also give confidence and enable parents to be actively engaged in the process of social transformation. Which strategies should be used to achieve this goal? To describe this issue, the purpose of the present paper was to develop and evaluate an intervention program endeavoring to develop the skills of parents of children with disabilities with regard to the human rights awareness to apply and defend them. We adopted the method of action research due to its capability to employ a collective and emancipator character, and interacting with the perspective of empowerment for the development in citizenship in accordance with the aim of this study. It was attended by 26 family members of people with severe and / or multiple disabilities. Measures to estimate the degree of parent empowerment, before and after the intervention, were collected using a scale. The intervention was performed in 11 meetings, taking into account that all meetings were video recorded and recorded in field diaries. Results indicated that intervention was appropriate to empower the participating parents regarding their rights; whereas they showed statistically significant results between pre- and post-intervention for 23 out of 26 parents within total score and / or in system advocacy, knowledge, and competence subscales. The qualitative data corroborated the quantitative findings and demonstrated that the impact of intervention seems to be beyond empowerment as well as served to build up social network of mutual support for family members. The measure of social validity of intervention indicated the average of 92% in parents approval, enhancing the quality indicators in the process of group intervention for family members. The study has shown that it is possible and beneficial to empower parents, and likewise it discusses the importance of researches to evaluate the impact of the intervention on parents of children with severe and multiple disabilities.