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Ensino de ciências e divulgação científica: análise das recontextualizações entre as revistas CartaCapital e Carta na Escola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-21) Pezzo, Mariana Rodrigues; Pierson, Alice Helena Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4686352453726023
The interfaces between the fields of Education and Communication are gaining prominence and relevance in recent years, either in everyday practices related to professional performance in both areas or in academic literature. This work is inserted in the effort to understand these interfaces, focusing on the practice of scientific communication, analyzed on the basis of theoretical inputs from the area of Science Education especially those identified with the approaches based on the interrelationships between Science, Technology and Society and understood as a space of complementarity between formal and nonformal education. To achieve its goals, the research analyzes the process of recontextualization and interpretation between the reports published in a weekly magazine of updates named CartaCapital and the resulting texts published in Carta na Escola, a monthly magazine that, from these reports, intends to offer high school teachers subsidies to approach the updates in the classroom. The purpose of this analysis conducted from the perspective of discursive textual analysis was, in general, to enrich the understanding of possible and productive relationships between the fields of Media and Education. In addition, we sought to contribute specifically to the understanding of the limits and potencial of using scientific communication products in science teaching and of the roles that the use of media materials aimed at carrying information on science and technology can play in overcoming challenges related to science teaching approaches guided by the interrelationships between Science, Technology, Society and Environment. The results of this analysis showed the dominant presence of recontextualization processes that aim to offer, within Carta na Escola, coordinated, contextualized and historical approaches to updates reported in CartaCapital in a fragmentary way, using a variety of strategies related to the different roles assigned to updates within the teaching proposals presented for the different knowledge areas in Carta na Escola. Specifically in relation to texts identified with the curriculum area of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and its technologies, the research showed different combinations, in Carta na Escola, of scientific, technological and social dimensions concerning the production of science and technology and also of internalist and externalist approaches of science, indicating the potential use of analysis of these dimensions and approaches in the evaluation and critical reading of science dissemination texts.
Habitat, hábito e morfologia cardíaca: influência destes fatores sobre as respostas cardiorrespiratórias à hipóxia e alterações térmicas em espécies de peixes ecologicamente distintas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-21) Thomaz, Juliana Montovani; Kalinin, Ana Lúcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5806403198495084
Aquatic environments are subjected to wide variations in their physicochemical properties which can compromise the survival of the animals that inhabit these waters, especially the fish, which exhibit adaptive behavioral, physiological, biochemical and genetic responses to face such variations. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between heart morphology and the cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia at different temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C) of two fish species with different habits and habitats: matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) and trahira (Hoplias malabaricus). Both species presented pyramidal ventricles with compact and spongy layers (mixed myocardium), differentiated by the thickness of the compact layer and its irrigation, which occurs in greater proportion in matrinxã, the active species. Gradual temperature reductions decreased the values of metabolic rate ( ̇ ), gill ventilation ( ̇ ), respiratory frequency (fR), ventilatory volume (VT), and heart rate (fH) while increases in temperature induced opposite responses, increasing the values of these parameters. In matrinxã and trahira, the gradual reduction in the water O2 concentration at different temperatures induced significant changes in the cardiorespiratory parameters. The combined effects of low temperature (15 °C) and hypoxia led to a significant reduction in ̇ , ̇ , fR, VT, EO2 (O2 extraction) and fH, while high temperature (35 °C) and hypoxia led to a significant increase in these parameters. The results showed that temperature acts in the overall metabolism of fish as well as in myocardial metabolism and membrane permeability to the ions involved in their polarity. Moreover, the active species matrinxã presented higher values of cardiorespiratory parameters and a lower tolerance to hypoxia when compared to trahira, the sedentary species.