Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2012-02-03"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 19174

Determinantes da demanda e da utilização de crédito rural por produtores de bovinos de corte no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-03)
Carrer, Marcelo José
;
Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6178330814144839
The present study aims to identify determinants of the decision of beef cattle farmers on whether or not to demand rural credit. The specific purposes are: i) identify barriers to the rural credit demand by beef cattle farmers in the state of Sao Paulo; ii) identify determinants of adoption of different rural credit contracts by beef cattle farmers and; iii) identify determinants of the volume of rural credit used by beef cattle farmers. The sample comprises data on 86 livestock farmers in 10 regions of São Paulo State. The empirical analysis of the survey data is performed with the estimation of a logit model and with descriptive statistics. The theoretical framework used was the New Institutional Economics applied to the context of rural credit markets, with main focus on screening, monitoring and enforcement problems of rural credit contracts. The results show that all farmers who demanded credit in 2010 had access to it. However, the bureaucracy (which increases transaction costs) inherent in the process of obtaining credit and the fear of losing the collateral has been identified as mechanisms of selfselection and therefore self-exclusion from the process of farmers demand for rural credit. In the logit model results was found that farmers who adopted capital intensive production systems, have off-farm income, have more than one farm, are younger and are affiliated to producers association linked to livestock are more likely to demand rural credit. Some of these variables, such as greater number of farms and income from off-farm activities may present distortions in rural credit policy for beef cattle in São Paulo. Resources under special conditions from the governmental rural credit program may be coming at the hands of farmers who least need these resources. To identify the determinants of the expansion of access and use of rural credit by farmers were also used a logit model. The results showed that farmers who adopted capital intensive production systems, have more farms, are older and adopt risk management mechanisms are more likely to use two or more rural credit contracts. These farmers have adopted different strategies to overcome the volume limits of governmental rural credit, which were presented in the study. We concluded that the relaxation of requirements for obtaining rural credit is not the best mechanism to increase demand and use of rural credit by beef cattle farmers. On the contrary, the relaxation of conditions of access to rural credit can make the results of the rural credit policy disastrous in terms of default and financial sustainability. Last but not least, some suggestions were presented for beef cattle rural credit policy in the State of São Paulo. These suggestions are grounded in the results of econometric models presented here and go beyond the rural credit market itself.
The Lost Experience: estratégias de imersão em jogos de realidade alternada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-03)
Mesquita Júnior, Dario de Souza
;
Massarolo, João Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3971073259949864
Among the current media forms, the alternate reality games (ARG) is in the spotlights due its capability of giving a ludic experience with strong immersive qualities. Setting its fictional world in sync with everyday reality, the ARG seeks to smear the border between fiction and non-fiction, in order to intensify the experience of the audience. This research analyzes the immersion strategies of alternate reality games based on the study of The Lost Experience (LTE), with the purpose of understanding how the immersion process on the fictional world created by ARGS occurs. Therefore, the main characteristics of alternate reality games are studied, from its main principles established in order to make accessible the fictional world connected to the everyday life of the players, trough the interface of the media. In this process, the concept of immersion is problematized, in order to understand the extension this term receives in front of some perspectives that denote its nature. Visions that lead to a common denominator that connects the notion of immersion with the pleasure of being involved in a sensorial, cognitive and emotional degree towards external stimuli, that as an answer leads an action over the experienced environment. The analysis of the immersion strategies in The Lost Experience helps in the comprehension of how it sets up its fictional world in touch with everyday life, with the goal of creating immersive zones that allows the interaction of players with the elements of its universe.
Dor, qualidade de vida e depressão em mulheres climatéricas adscritas a uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-03)
Dedicação, Anny Caroline
;
Driusso, Patricia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7711435683560516
Women are the majority of the Brazilian population and the main users of SUS -Unified Health System. The climacteric is defined as a biological stage of life and not as a pathological process, and comprises the transition between the reproductive and the non-productive period of women s life. It corresponds to the decline of the ovarian function and is characterized by a progressive state of hypoestrogenism, to which a set of multi-organic manifestations affecting women`s health and life in short, medium or long term, is related. The climacteric symptoms involve nocturnal sweating, hot flushes, insomnia, musculoskeletal pain, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis, increase of cardiovascular diseases, emotional lability, irritability, jitters, and depression. In addition to the physical and biological alterations, the socio, economic, and cultural context plays a fundamental role in this transition stage. The average menopausal age is around 51 years, with the gradual increase of the average life expectation reaching 77 years, Brazilian women will live one third of their lives in post-menopause. Currently, about 32% of Brazilian women are in the climacteric stage. The primary attention is the adequate level of attention to meet most of the health needs of climacteric women. In face of, the first study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in climacteric women registered in a Mixed Unity of Health in a low income community in the south of the city of São Paulo. From women participating, 93.55% complained of musculoskeletal pains, and the average of pain in the analogical visual scale is 6.88 (±3.03). Pain is also an element sub-notified by the primary care in Brazil, as they are not specifically registered in the Basic Health Unit. Primary care is responsible to conduct proactive actions in face of the health-disease problems of the population, and to develop activities based on the situational diagnosis. This high rate of pain evidences the needs of women in this stage and the subsequent planning of activities purposed to meet such needs. Taking into account this result, the second study was conducted. The objectives were (1) evaluate the quality of life; (2) evaluate the presence and intensity of climacteric manifestations; (3) evaluate the presence of depressive symptoms in this population. The quality of life of these women had a strong negative impact, especially on the physical component domain. The psychological symptoms were the most prevalent manifestations. With an average of 7.29 (±4,26) in the Menopause Rating Scale, depression was significantly related with the decreased quality of life and the increased symptoms regarding this stage. Although it`s difficult to say that such symptoms are exclusively related to the climacteric, this study provides a situational diagnosis of a population of economically active women living a critical period for the occurrence of musculoskeletal pains, negative impact on the quality of life, and depression. The early detection of symptoms in primary care will determine efficient preventive actions and therapeutic strategies. The use of specific instruments to evaluate the individual complaints helps diagnosing the actual needs, thus producing a more accurate epidemiological survey and a better multidisciplinary clinical management.
Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde Indígena no Brasil: dilemas, conflitos e alianças a partir da experiência do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena do Xingu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-06)
Araújo, Reginaldo Silva de
;
Cardoso, Marina Denise
The Brazilian State, in order to start a new political relationship with indigenous communities, implemented, in 1999, the National Policy of Attention to Indigenous Health (PNASPI), through the National Health Foundation (FUNASA) and 34 Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts (DSEIs) located in the national territory. The new health policy for the indigenous areas, structured within the differentiated attention Subsystem and integrated into the Unified Health System (SUS), proposed a participatory model of Civil Society-State comanagement, via council or public policy managers, cooperation agreements with NGOs and other participatory experiences. Just likeit probably occurred in other indigenous territories, the implementation of a new State Agency in the Xingu brought a creative process of political and cultural adaptationto local leaders, generating the possibility of an inter-ethnic negotiation field. It was therefore from this political scenario that the research proposed to understand the indigenous leaders' forms of practice and their representations. Thus, it sought to observe the strategies of the region s representatives who "make pacts" and "negotiate" with the various organizations responsible for the implementation of health public policies (FUNASA, City Halls and NGOs), oriented by constitutional principles that ensure (universal) rights and (differentiated) specificities regarding preventive health care to these and all other indigenous groups within the national territory. The analysis of these forms of organization and political activity also sought to observe how the implementation of the health policy and its institutional arrangements generated a redesigning of the policy practices established between indigenous peoples and the State. Thus, even though indigenous leaders have not articulated a homogeneous position regarding the State's "offer" of partnership through NGOs and management councils,many of which with goals to ensure recognition and political spaces both in the national scene and in their traditional systems of organization, they started a project that pursues the enlargement of the memberships and a change in the organizational structure of the State.The movement, conducted by the leaders of the Alto Xingu, involves a participatory model of comanagement, whose practice does not dispense a few moments of consummation of the identity among the actors who make up this participatory experience.
Proposta de um modelo para a adequação dos sistemas de medição de desempenho aos níveis de maturidade da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-06)
Frederico, Guilherme Francisco
;
Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2943287133656834
ABSTRACT Supply chains are becoming increasingly important for companies to survive in today's competitive market. Theories and methods that contributing to the improvement of its management are important elements for research and development in the field of Industrial Engineering. Considering the performance measurement systems as one of these elements, this thesis aims to propose an adequacy model of performance measurement systems and its maturity to the maturity levels of supply chain management due to the lack of a study that shows the relationship between these two elements. For this were studied the performance measurement systems and its maturity as well as the maturity models for supply chain management enabling to build a theoretical model of relationship between these two elements. Using the multiple case method applied on three different analyze units it was possible to analyze the theoretical model purposed. As the main results of this research, in most of cases, was identified the existence of a relationship between the maturity of performance measurement system and maturity of supply chain management, although not always all elements of maturity of these two elements are in the same level of development. As contribution, this model aims to present a new approach to the theory of the performance measurement systems in the supply chain management, as well as, to provide to the practitioners the correct alignment between the maturity of supply chain management and maturity of performance measurement systems.
A comunicação da ciência nas campanhas de saúde online : um estudo de caso do Portal da Saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-07)
Berbel, Danilo Brancalhão
;
Rigolin, Camila Carneiro Dias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2388584081961836
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5394542044363303
The first registrated public health campaigns in Brazil occurred in the 19th century, when the government created the royal press. In the beginning of 20th century, Oswaldo Cruz s sanitarism s initiatives focused in health campaigns. This approach culminated, sometimes, in insurrection and manifestations. In 1925, the concept of health education brought new perspectives to public approach, intending to change individual behaviors in order to guarantee a healthier life. Later, the concept of health promotion, overcame it, going beyond the goals of providing information and changing behavior: the objective is law proposals and other mechanisms to help people. The history of Brazilian health campaigns is full of faults and skills. A lot of papers have already reviewed these campaigns, but no one investigated the virtual environment provided by the internet in the Brazilian context. The main goal of this research is to investigate how online health campaigns talks to the public, according to the scientific models of communication and to the concepts of health education and health promotion. This paper studies the online campaigns of health alimentation, vaccination and medicines indexed on the Portal da Saúde Brazilian Health Ministry s website. Health education is prevalent in campaigns approach, as the contextual and cognitive deficit models. We conclude that there are a lot of available resources to improve the dialogue to the public, but the online campaigns use communication models to frame medical or scientific authority, providing information and behavior changes. Key-words: health campaigns, online campaigns, models of scientific communication, health education and promotion. ...
Modelos de sobrevivência bivariados baseados na cópula FGM : uma abordagem bayesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-07)
Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura
;
Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854
In this work we present a Bayesian analysis for bivariate survival data in the presence of a covariate and censored observations. We propose a bivariate distribution for the bivariate survival times based on the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) copula to model data with weak dependence. Some survival models with and without cure rate have been assumed for the marginal distributions. For inferential purpose a Bayesian approach via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) was considered. Further, some discussions on model selection criteria are given and comparisons with other copula models were performed. To detect influential observations in the data we consider a Bayesian case deletion influence diagnostics based on the -divergence. The OpenBUGS and R systems were used to simulate samples of the posterior distribution. Numerical illustrations are presented considering artificial and real data sets.
Parâmetros de monitoramento na produção industrial de componentes em zircônia parcialmente estabilizada com óxido de magnésio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-08)
Falvo, Tatiani
;
Tomasi, Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8591752492566665
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1531166561984714
Zirconia has been widely applied on production of structural components, mainly due to its great mechanical properties. However, these properties are associated to the zirconia tetragonal and cubic phases, which are stable only on high temperatures on pure material, being necessary doping the material with some oxides to keep these phases at ambient temperature, on a metastable condition. The industrial production of pieces on zirconia is a function of economical and operational aspects, being more common than chemical methods using the mechanical mixture process for adding the stabilizer oxides to the zirconia powder. On this context, the present work was done in association with an industry of marketing and manufacturing of technical ceramics components, among which stands out the products made on magnesia-partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ). The aim of this work was the identification of the main aspects associated to the industrial process for the production of zirconia Mg-PSZ that determine the final characteristics of the components, beginning with the characterization of the products of each production stage and the conformation of test bodies for the confirmation of the material stabilization after the sintering process. Thus, it was investigated the production of two batches of powder made from mixing the raw materials by a wet process followed by spray-drying, altering the pH of one slurry, by the addition of an aqueous solution of hydrocholoric acid. It was observed, on the end of the characterization process, that the slurry with reduced pH presented a differential behavior during the spray-drying process, which were responsible for the better mechanical properties on the sintered bodies made from this batch of powder. The analysis of the characterization results allowed the definition of the processing parameters that require a special control to the warranty of final products made on Mg-PSZ, according to the literature review done.
A Roda da Vida no ambiente escolar : uma vivência intergeracional de Educação Musical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-09)
Souza, Manuela Cristina de
;
Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6760492784877768
Master's Thesis. Education Graduate Programme of Universidade Federal de São Carlos. São Carlos, 2012. This Master's thesis deals with the scientific investigation of a process of musical education among the elderly and children, and aims to draw a reflection on some of the cultural changes of recent decades, from acquaintanceship dialogued with a group of women in the aging process, in a educational institution located in a country town in the state of Sao Paulo. The social practices investigated work with the collective musical memory as an instrument for reflection, awareness and appreciation of identity, and seek to develop a method of interaction among generations that respects the cultural imaginary of cultural agents involved in the research. This intervention makes use of music as expressive language of values and habits of the Brazilian people, and highlights the Musical Education as a process of social construction potentially humanizing, which must occur through critical and creative educational praxis. It believes that the Brazilian educational processes not only occur in the formal institutions of education, but firstly on cultural and artistic relations of the popular imagination, the oral transmission of values, among different generations. In a process of looking and collectively share knowledge on the "Roda da Vida" (Circle of Life), this research aims to understand the educational processes initiated by intergenerational experiences and reflect about different perceptions and world views of this group of collaborators women through systematization and analysis the circle of conversation and textual and audiovisual records. The process of dialogic analysis of content and organization of results, looking for alternative solutions methodological dialog among research and intervention, and hope to contribute with other studies of intercultural relations at school.
Análise espacial de remanescentes florestais como subsídio para o estabelecimento de unidades de conservação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-09)
Mello, Kaline de
;
Leite, Eliana Cardoso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1974531968891537
;
Valente, Roberta de Oliveira Averna
The current state of fragmentation of remaining natural vegetation in São Paulo generates the need for urgent action for conservation. The prioritization of areas is the first step toward developing strategies for biodiversity conservation because it allows the targeting of efforts and resources to subsidize the maintenance and development of public policies on land use. In this sense, this study aimed to diagnose the distribution of fragments of natural vegetation in the municipality of Sorocaba / SP and identify priority areas for conservation through the use of landscape metrics in order to support the creation of protected areas (PA). The remnants of natural vegetation s map was elaborate (1:2.000) through vectorization screen using aerial photographs with scale 1:20.000 of 2006. The maps of hydrography and contour lines were used in the preparation of the Permanent Preservation Areas map (PPA). The following metrics were used for the map of priority areas for conservation: Area (hectares) PROX (connectivity between fragments) and SHAPE (relationship between perimeter and area). The metrics were valued and assigned to a weight to each of them. The results showed a high degree of habitat fragmentation, with only 16.68% of municipal land with forest cover and 62% of fragments smaller than 1ha, and the largest fragment showing approximately 300 ha. 19% of the territory is PPA, and this area has only 45% forest cover (50% of the total forest cover of the municipality). The restoration of all PPA represents an increase of 11% of forest cover in the entire territory, from 16,68% to 28% and also the appearance of fragments larger than 3.000 ha. The areas with the highest priority for conservation are located in the southeast region of the municipality, where most of rural areas still exist. Another high priority area appeared on the waterfront Pirajibú. Except of the public area called Mario Covas Park, the other fragments with very high priority areas are on private properties, which should lead to an incentive for the creation of PRNP and AMPA. The present situation of the scarcity of forest remnants of the city generates a demand for immediate action for conservation and ecological restoration. The strategies should involve stopping and possibly reversing the process of degradation of natural ecosystems. Thus, the municipality must ensure the preservation of forest remnants through public or private PA, and must implement an ecological restoration program involving various stakeholders such as schools, industries, NGOs and other sectors. Whereas the expansion of the city is an ongoing process, territorial planning should be done to reconcile the demands for infrastructure with the conservation of forest remnants. Plans for urban and industrial expansion should be integrated into the plans of conservation and restoration of natural areas, as provided in Municipal Environmental Policy.
A influência da porcentagem da área de janela no consumo de energia elétrica em residências na cidade de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-09)
Bisinotto, Stela Leticia
;
Souza, Lea Cristina Lucas de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0083847008256434
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6539271664132423
This study seeks to verify the influence of windows areas in the electrical energy consumption of dwellings in the city of São Carlos. In order to do this, the index WWR (window to wall ratio) was applied, representing the ratio of window area and the area of external surface (wall). The applied methodology consisted on field campaigns, modeling and computational simulation. First, taking into account a preexistent data basis, the characteristics of the electrical energy consumption for the whole area of the city of São Carlos was verified. Then, specific buildings were selected to be measured in loco. The field data allowed the determination of building parameters (orientation, volume and constructed area, area of façades and window areas), which were directly or indirectly used as data entry for modeling the electrical energy consumption of the dwellings set. The modeling process applied Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which is a computational technique inspired on the structure of human neurons. Several models were developed and their performance was evaluated by the determination coefficient (R2) and relative errors, shown by the relationship between simulated and real data. The best model was selected to be applied in the simulation of the influence of WWR and electrical energy consumption. The results showed that the WWR index has influence on the residential consumption of the dwellings studied and that NE orientation causes the lowest impact on electrical energy consumption. Furthermore, an ideal range of WWR/volume between 0,06 and 0,07 is related to the lowest energy consumption per constructed area in the city of São Carlos.
Experiências agroecológicas de comercialização no Rio Grande do Sul: Associação dos Agricultores Ecologistas de Ipê e Antonio Prado (AECIA) e Centro de Apoio ao Pequeno Agricultor (CAPA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-10)
Nascimento, Fábio Schwab do
;
Beskow, Paulo Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6322985841208222
This dissertation has as an objective to present the results of the research conducted for the Master Course of Agroecology and Rural Development of the Federal University of São Carlos. This study aimed to analyze the different existing processes of commercialization in the Rio Grande Do Sul in relation to the concept of organization of its producers and the forms of commercialization used. To develop the present work, a case study will be used, having as object two experiences in the Rio Grande Do Sul. The chosen experiences was the Association Ecologists Farmers Ipê and Antonio Prado (Ipê and Antonio Prado/RS) and the Center of Support Small Farmers (Santa Cruz do Sul/RS). It was conducted a socioeconomic analysis of these experiences, observing how its forms of organization and commercialization influences in the reached results.
Estruturação das assembléias de aves que utilizam diferentes fisionomias de cerrado na Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-10)
Fieker, Carolline Zatta
;
Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4453761595730340
Estudo de reações sólido/líquido e sólido/gás em altas temperaturas: o caso das reações do PbSO4EPbO no processo pirometalúrgico de reciclagem de Pb a partir de baterias chumbo-ácido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-10)
Santin, Betânia de Oliveira
;
D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0036756630569466
This report presents a study on there reactions and transformations occurring at high temperatures with the two main constituents of scrap lead-acid batteries (Pb/H2SO4) oxide and lead sulphate (PbSO4 and PbO). It was conducted through simulations of possible reactions occurring in a pyrometallurgical process for reprocessing these devices discarded where, besides the battery scrap, different percentages of coking coal (C), iron chip and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). As the literature pointed PbO as a product of many intermediate reactions in the production of secondary or recycled Pb, it was given the same importance to PbSO4, which is the main component of scrap batteries Pb/ H2SO4. For the implementation of this thesis, a mini pilot plant was designed and constructed with good temperature control of this metallurgical process. Using this tool a study of variation of them ass of the compounds treated thermally separated and in mixtures, was performed in a temperature range of 100 oC to 1000 oC. In general, the compounds and thermally treated mixtures were characterized via Absorption Spectroscopy Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy. Spectroscopic data were analysed by comparions with standard spectra of pure substances or, in the case of the mixtures, of these components already treated thermally separated. Contrary to what has been described in the literature, it has been found experimentally that PbO is not reduced by simply reducing the atmosphere generated by adding C in the oven, but by a combination of this with the reducing atmosphere generated by the flame used for heating the Scrap loads with all the other added reagents. Even under the conditions applied in this study, contrary to the hither to described in the literature, Fe chips did not act reducing the PbSO4. However, in the presence of C, the reduction temperature of this sulphate to PbO decreased considerably. When Na2CO3 was added to the mixturePbSO4 + C this decomposition temperature further
Interações tróficas entre a espécie Geophagus brasiliensis e a comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em reservatórios de diferentes graus de trofia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-10)
Nunes, Marcos Vinicius
;
Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2486673216326112
The studies related to the interactions among populations in the aquatic communities are essential for providing relevant information for the understanding of energy and matter pathways in the ecosystems and subsidize to the formulation of trophic web models.The occurrence of flexible diets is a marked feature of many species in the ichthyofauna of Tropical Rivers, where the same species can alternate the exploitation among food items according to the changes in the relative availability of food resources induced by temporal spatial and or ontogenetic changes. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the trophic interactions existing between the species Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae), and benthic macroinvertebrate community in three reservoirs (Monjolinho Reservoir, Fazzari Reservoir, Broa Reservoir) in order to know its feeding mode, whether there is food selectivity or preference and which would be the most suitable trophic category for the species. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in sediments sampled simultaneously to G. brasiliensis population were analysed and experiments were carried out in order to know the feeding mode of the species. Biometric measurements for ecomorphological analyses and analysis of stomach contents of the fishes were performed and based on qualitative and quantitative analyses of the macroinvertebrates consumed and their availability in the environment the values for the selectivity index of Paloheimo were calculated for the reservoirs sampled. The results showed that benthic macroinvertebrates are often used as food resource by the populations of G. brasiliensis with great participation in its diet, allowing us to characterize this species as a benthivore. Also, it was observed that G. brasiliensis has food preference for Chironomidae larvae.
Comportamento mecânico da liga Ti-6Al-4V com superfície modificada por laser de femtosegundo para uso biomédico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-10)
Santos, Alan dos
;
Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6009157017178581
Stainless steel orthopedic implants are still the most widely used in Brazil due to their lower cost. There is, however, a tendency to expand the use of special alloys such as titanium-based, due to clinical advantages that they present, notably the low modulus of elasticity and the best biocompatibility among the metallic biomaterials. The surface treatments aim to develop substrates suitable for bone growth, thus preventing the implantation of the prosthesis with PMMA cement, which results in an efficient mechanical fixing, but there is no biological interaction between implant and bone. There are several surface modification techniques, all of them improving at some level the process of osseointegration. However, researches have focused on biological aspects of the process and, despite the durability of the implant, there is currently no objective information in the literature about the influence of surface treatments on the mechanical behavior under cyclic stresses. The laser surface modification emerges as a promising alternative, since it permits precise control of parameters, regular surface development, induces reduced mechanical and thermal damage, and is known to promote osseointegration. The femtosecond laser, in particular, allows pulses of short duration (10-15s), reducing even more the damage caused by heat input. This study evaluated the influence of surface modification by femtosecond LASER in the fatigue resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples. S-N curves were determined for the reference samples and for the samples with modified surface. The topography developed and the fracture surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The femtosecond LASER has developed a regular surface with a bimodal distribution of microcolumns and ripples, and did not cause severe damage adjacent to the modified surface, however, has significantly reduced fatigue resistance.
O ondansetron, antagonista dos receptores 5-HT3, reverte o efeito ansiolítico das injeções de midazolam no hipocampo ventral de camundongos expostos aos modelos labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE) e exposição ao rato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-10)
Fachini, Gabriel
;
Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6803191985946603
Animal models have often been used to investigate the neurobiology of emotional states (fear and anxiety). In this sense, the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the rat exposure test are effective to evaluate these states and EPM exposure (aversive stimulus) can result in activation of serotonergic pathways with projections to structures belonging to the defense system, such as , amygdala, septum, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray (PAG) and hippocampus. The hippocampus has a large amount of serotonin receptors (5- HT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present study, we used male mice of Swiss Albino, received surgical implantation of guide cannula and subsequent administration of drugs in the ventral hippocampus. After recovery, the animals were tested in EPM (Experiment 1 and 2) or the test exposure to the rat (Experiment 3 and 4). In Experiment 1, administration of midazolam (3.0 and 30.0 nmol) produced anxiolytic effect characterized by increased percentages of entries and time spent in the open arms of the EPM reduction measures and ethological (risk assessment) as percentages of dives stretched and secured. In Experiment 2, mice received combined injections Saline + Saline, Saline + MDZ, ondansetron (OND) + Saline and MDZ (30.0 nmol) + OND (0.03 nmol, antagonist of 5-HT3). Combined treatment of Sal + MDZ produced anxiolytic effect and this effect was reversed by the combined administration of OND + MDZ. The porcentanges of entries and time spent in open arms were lower (P> 0.05) than those found in group Sal + MDZ. Experiment 3 showed the effects of exposure of mice in the presence of mouse toy (RB = neutral stimulus) or mouse real (VR = aversive stimulus, Long Evans rats), under the administration of midazolam (3.0 14 and 30.0nmol). The animals were exposed to RV shortening the holding box (model effect) compared to animals exposed to RB. Animals treated with MDZ in two doses, there was an increase in transitions between the sides of the apparatus, increased time in the area of operation and increases the latency of escape to the protected area and contact time with the grid. In Experiment 4, we evaluated the effect of combined injection of midazolam and ondansetron protocol (Experiment 2). The MDZ 30.0 nmol produced anxiolytic effects and the blockade of this effect when the mice were combined administration of ondansetron and midazolam in the ventral hippocampus. Data from this study suggest that, first, control over emotional reactions and defense of the ventral hippocampus of mice exposed to EPM test or exposure to the rat are mediated via GABABenzodiazepines. Furthermore, there is a likely cross-modulation between GABAergic interneurons and 5-HT3, for blocking 5-HT3 via ondansetron can decrease the GABA release.
Análise de pavimentos de edifícios em concreto préfabricado considerando o efeito diafragma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-13)
Raymundo, Henrique
;
Carvalho, Roberto Chust
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1811900837627447
One of the main differences in the structures composed of prefabricated elements of the conventional structures (cast in situ) refers to the way of how structural elements are connected together. The operation of such links is essential to perform an accurate analysis of stability and removed from these buildings. A place where the connection is very important in verifying the structural behavior is among the cellular elements of the slab. In a conventional structure, usually made of solid slabs for floors, it is observed that the behavior of slabs have a great influence on the distribution of efforts arising from actions horizontal resistance between the porch and, consequently, the stability of the same. This phenomenon, defined as a rigid diaphragm, can also be found in precast buildings, with floors composed of hollow core slabs. In order to verify the necessity of including some details of connection between the slab elements (joints between the slabs and among other things) will be proposed in this paper the analysis of five structures with different characteristics, considering the different possibilities of bracing and disposal of prefabricated slabs in the floor. Consideration will be given the difference in the distribution efforts of the pavements, considering the application of shear walls and gateways, as well as the provision of slabs parallel and perpendicular to side action. The interference of the cover structure will also be analyzed in a number of examples. From a modeling specific to the floors of these buildings and different situations with different levels of horizontal actions, one can determine the stresses at specific points of the same, thus indicating the types of reinforcements to be willing to actually floors act as a diaphragm. Finally, we intend to discuss the organization of prefabricated elements interfere in the distribution of efforts on the pavement (joints between the slab elements), based on different amounts of reinforcing bars of each type of pavement structure will require.
Compostos com potencial alelopático em Aristolochia esperanzae O. Kuntze
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-13)
Jatoba, Luciana de Jesus
;
Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1762622258880441
ABSTRACT Allelopathy is defined as any process involving secondary metabolites that influence the growth and development of natural and cultivated systems. Plants of the Aristolochia genus are known for their use in traditional medicine, but few studies have been conducted on the ecological importance of their secondary compounds and their possible application in agriculture. This study aimed at the isolation, characterization and evaluation of the allelopathic activity of A. esperanzae secondary metabolites. Extraction, bioassay-guided isolation, spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis of the isolated compounds was carried out. The phytotoxic activity of the active extracts from A. esperanzae different organs on the development of species of cultivated crops and weeds, and of the active semipurified sample in the initial growth of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) was evaluated. The EtOAc extracts of A. esperanzae mature leaves and roots showed phytotoxic activity similar to the herbicide used as control over the weed species. Biossayguided isolation of compounds with allelopathic activity from mature leaves of A. esperanzae has led to the isolation of three isomeric compounds with mass fragments with m/z 321 Da and 161 Da, and ultraviolet absorption at 234 nm and between 286 nm and 287 nm. Analysis by 1D- and 2D-NMR of one of these compounds allowed to stabilish its partial structure. The semi-purified ISO sample, obtained from A. esperanzae mature leaves and composed mainly by the isomeric mixture isolated, showed allelopathic activity on the early development of wheat, with inhibition of root development and formation of necrotic abnormalities over the shoots of these seedlings, with hormetic behavior. The activity of the compounds present in the ISO fraction showed to be different from that presented by the commercial herbicide, and may lead to the development of bioherbicides..
Avaliação do consumo de bactérias pelo zooplâncton em um reservatório eutrófico raso (Reservatório do Monjolinho São Carlos SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-13)
Hisatugo, Karina Ferreira
;
Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6799589581281644
Bacteria, found in terrestrial and aquatic environments, besides their important role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, are a food source for organisms of the higher trophic levels in the food chain, such as protozooplanktonic and metazooplanktonic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the relative importance of protozooplanktonic (ciliates and heterotrophic nanoflagellates) and metazooplanktonic organisms (rotifers, cladocerans and copepods) as bacterial consumers throughout a year, which included a rainy and a dry season, in a eutrophic environment (Monjolinho reservoir-SP) by quantifying their ingestion rates. For this purpose, grazing experiments were carried out bimonthly during one year at the sub-surface of a central station of the reservoir using fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB) dyed with DTAF. In each survey, besides the experiments, limnological (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, water transparency and nutrients) and biological (chlorophyll-a and phaeophytin concentrations, bacterioplankton, protozooplankton and metazooplankton density) water parameters were also sampled. The heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) showed higher population ingestion rates than the ciliates in dry and rainy seasons, and the HNF smaller than 5μm were the main consumers of bacteria. Among the metazooplanktonic organisms, the rotifers dominated the bacterial ingestion, and the organisms belonging to the genus Filinia and Keratella and to the families Testudinellidae and Brachionidae were the main bacterial consumers. Besides ingesting bacteria, however, protozoa and rotifers population also seemed to be controlled by cladocerans and copepods predation, which, in turn, seemed to be regulated by predation of larger organisms, such as small vertebrates. Thus, the predation control (top-down) occured both on bacterial communities and protozooplanktonic and metazooplanktnic communities and bacteria were regulated both by direct and indirect predation of zooplanktonic population. The resources control (bottom-up) semmed to be higher during the dry season, while in the rainy season bacterial communities were more controlled by predation. The greatest impact on bacterial communities was caused by HNF and ciliates during the rainy season and by HNF and rotifers during the dry one.