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Determinantes da demanda e da utilização de crédito rural por produtores de bovinos de corte no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-03) Carrer, Marcelo José; Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6178330814144839
The present study aims to identify determinants of the decision of beef cattle farmers on whether or not to demand rural credit. The specific purposes are: i) identify barriers to the rural credit demand by beef cattle farmers in the state of Sao Paulo; ii) identify determinants of adoption of different rural credit contracts by beef cattle farmers and; iii) identify determinants of the volume of rural credit used by beef cattle farmers. The sample comprises data on 86 livestock farmers in 10 regions of São Paulo State. The empirical analysis of the survey data is performed with the estimation of a logit model and with descriptive statistics. The theoretical framework used was the New Institutional Economics applied to the context of rural credit markets, with main focus on screening, monitoring and enforcement problems of rural credit contracts. The results show that all farmers who demanded credit in 2010 had access to it. However, the bureaucracy (which increases transaction costs) inherent in the process of obtaining credit and the fear of losing the collateral has been identified as mechanisms of selfselection and therefore self-exclusion from the process of farmers demand for rural credit. In the logit model results was found that farmers who adopted capital intensive production systems, have off-farm income, have more than one farm, are younger and are affiliated to producers association linked to livestock are more likely to demand rural credit. Some of these variables, such as greater number of farms and income from off-farm activities may present distortions in rural credit policy for beef cattle in São Paulo. Resources under special conditions from the governmental rural credit program may be coming at the hands of farmers who least need these resources. To identify the determinants of the expansion of access and use of rural credit by farmers were also used a logit model. The results showed that farmers who adopted capital intensive production systems, have more farms, are older and adopt risk management mechanisms are more likely to use two or more rural credit contracts. These farmers have adopted different strategies to overcome the volume limits of governmental rural credit, which were presented in the study. We concluded that the relaxation of requirements for obtaining rural credit is not the best mechanism to increase demand and use of rural credit by beef cattle farmers. On the contrary, the relaxation of conditions of access to rural credit can make the results of the rural credit policy disastrous in terms of default and financial sustainability. Last but not least, some suggestions were presented for beef cattle rural credit policy in the State of São Paulo. These suggestions are grounded in the results of econometric models presented here and go beyond the rural credit market itself.
The Lost Experience: estratégias de imersão em jogos de realidade alternada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-03) Mesquita Júnior, Dario de Souza; Massarolo, João Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3971073259949864
Among the current media forms, the alternate reality games (ARG) is in the spotlights due its capability of giving a ludic experience with strong immersive qualities. Setting its fictional world in sync with everyday reality, the ARG seeks to smear the border between fiction and non-fiction, in order to intensify the experience of the audience. This research analyzes the immersion strategies of alternate reality games based on the study of The Lost Experience (LTE), with the purpose of understanding how the immersion process on the fictional world created by ARGS occurs. Therefore, the main characteristics of alternate reality games are studied, from its main principles established in order to make accessible the fictional world connected to the everyday life of the players, trough the interface of the media. In this process, the concept of immersion is problematized, in order to understand the extension this term receives in front of some perspectives that denote its nature. Visions that lead to a common denominator that connects the notion of immersion with the pleasure of being involved in a sensorial, cognitive and emotional degree towards external stimuli, that as an answer leads an action over the experienced environment. The analysis of the immersion strategies in The Lost Experience helps in the comprehension of how it sets up its fictional world in touch with everyday life, with the goal of creating immersive zones that allows the interaction of players with the elements of its universe.
Dor, qualidade de vida e depressão em mulheres climatéricas adscritas a uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-03) Dedicação, Anny Caroline; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7711435683560516
Women are the majority of the Brazilian population and the main users of SUS -Unified Health System. The climacteric is defined as a biological stage of life and not as a pathological process, and comprises the transition between the reproductive and the non-productive period of women s life. It corresponds to the decline of the ovarian function and is characterized by a progressive state of hypoestrogenism, to which a set of multi-organic manifestations affecting women`s health and life in short, medium or long term, is related. The climacteric symptoms involve nocturnal sweating, hot flushes, insomnia, musculoskeletal pain, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis, increase of cardiovascular diseases, emotional lability, irritability, jitters, and depression. In addition to the physical and biological alterations, the socio, economic, and cultural context plays a fundamental role in this transition stage. The average menopausal age is around 51 years, with the gradual increase of the average life expectation reaching 77 years, Brazilian women will live one third of their lives in post-menopause. Currently, about 32% of Brazilian women are in the climacteric stage. The primary attention is the adequate level of attention to meet most of the health needs of climacteric women. In face of, the first study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in climacteric women registered in a Mixed Unity of Health in a low income community in the south of the city of São Paulo. From women participating, 93.55% complained of musculoskeletal pains, and the average of pain in the analogical visual scale is 6.88 (±3.03). Pain is also an element sub-notified by the primary care in Brazil, as they are not specifically registered in the Basic Health Unit. Primary care is responsible to conduct proactive actions in face of the health-disease problems of the population, and to develop activities based on the situational diagnosis. This high rate of pain evidences the needs of women in this stage and the subsequent planning of activities purposed to meet such needs. Taking into account this result, the second study was conducted. The objectives were (1) evaluate the quality of life; (2) evaluate the presence and intensity of climacteric manifestations; (3) evaluate the presence of depressive symptoms in this population. The quality of life of these women had a strong negative impact, especially on the physical component domain. The psychological symptoms were the most prevalent manifestations. With an average of 7.29 (±4,26) in the Menopause Rating Scale, depression was significantly related with the decreased quality of life and the increased symptoms regarding this stage. Although it`s difficult to say that such symptoms are exclusively related to the climacteric, this study provides a situational diagnosis of a population of economically active women living a critical period for the occurrence of musculoskeletal pains, negative impact on the quality of life, and depression. The early detection of symptoms in primary care will determine efficient preventive actions and therapeutic strategies. The use of specific instruments to evaluate the individual complaints helps diagnosing the actual needs, thus producing a more accurate epidemiological survey and a better multidisciplinary clinical management.