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Efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade e do exercício físico aeróbio sobre a regeneração do músculo tibial anterior de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-17) Adabbo, Mayna; Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2993640815262979
The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of Low level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with aerobic physical exercise on the muscle regeneration process during 2 periods of rest after of the muscle injury in rats. Forty rats were divided into 2 groups (A and B), and 4 subgroups each: GC (Control Group) - cryolesioned untreated; GE (Exercise Group) - cryolesioned treated with aerobic physical exercise; GL (Laser Group) - cryolesioned treated with laser; GEL (Exercise and Laser Group) - cryolesioned treated with laser and aerobic physical exercise. The tibialis anterior (TA) of the middle belly was injured by a cooling iron bar (cryoinjury). The animals in Group A remained at rest for 3 days, while Group B remained at rest for 7 days. The laser parameters were: 780 nm, 15 mW, during 10 s, 0.152 J e 3.8 J/cm². Physical exercises with or without laser were performed during 5 days, each session lasting 12 min at a treadmill velocity of 17 m/min. The AT muscles were removed for histological and morphometric analysis. The damage area was significantly smaller for the GEL, when remained at rest for 3 and 7 days respectively, (4.4±0.42 % and 3.5±0.14 %, p < 0.05) compared to GL (18.6±0.64 % and 7.5±0.13 %), GE (21±0.26 % and 8.7±0.32 %) and GC (23.9±0.37 % and 21.4±0.38 %). In addition, the number of blood vessels were significantly higher for the GEL, when remained at rest for 3 and 7 days respectively, (71.2±13.51 % and 104.5±11,78, p < 0.05) compared to the GL (60.6±11.25 and 93.5±16.87), GE (51.6±7.3 and 93.8±15.1) and GC (34.4±2.54 and 65.7±14.1). Therefore, the laser applied before the physical exercise on the treadmill stimulated an angiogenesis and accelerated the process of muscle regeneration.
Comportamento lúdico de crianças pré-termo e seu desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-17) Rombe, Patrícia Gonçalves; Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7196265391507681
The birth of a child preterm and with low birth weight is considered one of the main risk factors that can lead to changes and delays in neuro-psychomotor development. Among these changes are the difficulties in motor, learning, and visual-motor integration areas, as well as sensory and perceptive problems that alone or in combination, ultimately will impact the child's social participation, especially in carrying out activities of daily living, school and play. Considering playing as the main activity for children, this study aimed to investigate possible correlations between the performance of the ludic behavior of children with a history of preterm birth and their neuro-psychomotor development. We tried to understand this phenomenon in the pre-school period, in order to produce knowledge in a preventive perspective in relation to schooling. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidad Federal de São Carlos. It is a descriptive and correlational study involving 52 children divided into three groups: Study group GI (consisting of 12 children with a history of prematurity and low birth weight at risk of developmental delay detected), Study group GII (consisting for 14 children with a history of prematurity and low birth weight without developmental delay detected) and the comparison group GIII (without the mentioned history and with 26 children from the same socioeconomic class according to the classification made by the Criteria Questionnaire Brazil). Three methods were used to perform the evaluations: TSDD-II (Screening Test Denver II), the EPP-DP (teacher s perception scale on student s performance and participation in the school environment), and ELPK-rb (Knox s Pre-school Ludic Scale - Revised). The first test was used to compose samples, the second to raise the awareness of teachers of the development of children, and the latter to the specific assessment of ludic behavior. The data were analyzed quantitatively in order to verify the presence of significant differences in ludic behavior in the three groups. To verify the significance of possible associations between groups of preterm and term infants, with the results obtained from the TSDD-II, we chose Fisher s Exact Test. After verifying the association between the variables of interest, we used the Kruskal-Wallis Test in order to ascertain whether or not differences exist between the scores obtained by the classes of variables in the ELPK-rb participation fields. The results of this study revealed that from a detailed analysis of the play behavior of children, that is, the way the play you can identify the presence of changes in global development, as well as in more specific areas of human development. Regarding the performance of children with a history of prematurity ande risk for developmental delay 8% had unsatisfactory results and 17% were assessed as having a partially satisfactory performance, something that was not repeted in the other groups analyzed, which had in most cases very satisfactory performances. A similar picture was observed when analyzing the performance of children in fine motor activities, where children with a history of prematurity had inferior performances to those of children born at term, principally when comparing the results obtained from children of group GI with those obtained from children in group GIII. Regarding the results obtained in evaluating the ELPK-rb participation field, lmost all children from groups GI, GII and GIII presented co-operative play behavior, or would rather play only with other children. Another factor that draws our attention when observing the results of participation fields, was the presence of a greater difficulty for children with a history of prematurity and risk for developmental delay in playing games with simple rules (being that 17% did not show the expected behavior and 25% played tentatively). Still with respect to the participation field, when analyzing the results related to the language area it was observed, again, a lower performance among children with a history of prematurity, especially among children in group GI, when compared to children born at term. Regarding the children s performance in the ELPK-rb field of make believe/symbolic games, it was noted that children of the group GI obtained results lower tah those of children from GII and GIII, especially in sub-items interprets more complex emotions and demonstrates function in the games for or with others . By establishing the association between the results obtained by the groups in ELPK-rb, with those presented in TSDD-II, it was observed that there are changes in play behavior of children with a history of prematurity, due to possible delays in neuro-psychomotor development, once working with all comparisons involved, the results presented by children in strata 1 (with a history of prematurity and risk for developmental delay) differed from the children in strata 4 (born at term and with the presence of caution ). However, we cannot say that the presence of risk for developmental delay detected by TSDD-II, as well as changes in play behavior of children are unique conseqyuences of prematurity, but that they results from multiple factors that add up and influence, concomitantly, the development of motor, cognitive, psychological, and social skills of children. It is confirmed then, that pratical education, health, and social skills of children. It is confirmed then, that pratical education, health, and the promoting of development occur in conjunction, contributing to the detection of risk factors and promoting the quality of interactions and the environment in which children are placed. In this sense, it is necessary to invest in the training of educators/caregivers/pages, since they can provide protective factors in children s development, minimizing/offsetting the negative effects arising from the presence of social and biological risk factors through play, as this constitutes one of the main activities performed by children in preschool, and whose primary essence is the promotion of cognitive and bio-psychomotor development in the subjects. To give children opportunities to play is to give them much more than the act itself, because it provides to each of them a better perspective of life and natural and healthy development.
Análise da diversidade e estrutura genético-populacional de Didelphis albiventris no Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo e fragmentos de Mata Atlântica adjacentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-17) Fischer, Eliana Michelle Paviotti; Rodrigues, Fernando Pacheco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1351286774058975; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5978732027340421
The destruction of ecosystems and their fragmentation are major environmental problems, being biodiversity conservation one of biggest challenges today .These processes result in the reduction and isolation of populations, threatening the fauna and flora, since in this situation as their populations become more susceptible to negative effects caused by a series of environmental, demographic and genetic factors. Therefore, is necessary to consider the biodiversity in all its levels, from the genetic level, to the species and ecosystem for effective actions in conservation. To assist in conservation programs, conservation genetics uses molecular methods in studies of patterns of genetic variation, indicating not only which species deserve greater efforts in conservation, but also contributing to the assessment of the variability of a population. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and structure of the marsupial Didelphis albiventris at the Morro do Diabo State Park and six adjacent forest fragments. We utilize a set of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci developed for the specie D. virginiana, for a total of 120 individuals sampled. The results indicated high levels of genetic diversity, with values equal to 10,87 alleles per locus, observed heterozygosity of 0,823 and heterozygosity expected of 0,798. We did not detect presence of null alleles. The average value of Fis was -0,033 and all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Analyses on the population structure through calculations of FST indicated a slight structure in the populations sampled, which was corroborated by the program STRUCTURE, which indicated the existence of four populations. Given these results, we believe that in the area sampled, D. albiventris constitutes a metapopulation.
Hymenoptera parasitoides associados à Geometridae (Lepidoptera) em quatro áreas da Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP) com ênfase nos Microgastrinae (Braconidae) e Campopleginae (Ichneumonidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-17) Souza, Carolina da Silva e; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4909055267553745
Larvae of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) were collected with entomological umbrella during 13 months in Agrosilvopastoral System and Reforestation at Canchim Farm (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP) area, and maintained in laboratory until the emergence of adults or of its parasitoids. Hymenopterous parasitoids of the subfamilies Microgastrinae (Braconidae) and Campopleginae (Ichneumonidae) were obtained from collected larvae, and during 10 months were also captured by Malaise traps in a fragment of Semideciduous Forest, Reforestation, Agrosilvopastoral System and Sorghum crop, in the same area of Farm. In the Agrosilvopastoral System the Geometridae larvae were collected in four plant species and in the Reforestation area, in 12 species. The greatest abundance and species richness of hosts were obtained in the Agrosilvopastoral System; the Reforestation had the greatest number of genera of Geometridae. In the Reforestation the most abundant genus of Geometridae was Macaria (Ennominae); in this site, the host plant with the highest number of larvae collected were Aegiphila sellowiana. In the Agrosilvopastoral System, the most abundant species of Geometridae was Eupithecia sp. (Larentiinae); in this site, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Mimosaceae) was the host that had the highest number of collected larvae and parasitized larvae. In the Reforestation, the rate of parasitism over Geometridae larvae was higher than the recorded in the Agrosilvopastoral System. Most of the species of parasitoids obtained from larvae that occurred in Agrosilvopastoral System and Reforestation, were captured by Malaise traps. The genres that parasitized the largest number of Geometridae larvae were Glyptapanteles (Microgastrinae) and Charops (Campopleginae). The parasitoids obtained with Malaises generally were more abundant in the Reforestation, and the most abundant specie in this area was Cotesia sp. (Braconidae, Microgastrinae), and in the Agrosilvopastoral System was Campoletis sp. (Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae). For Microgastrinae fauna sampled with Malaise, the area with highest species richness index was the Reforestation, and the fragment of Forest showed the highest value for evenness. For Campopleginae fauna, also obtained with Malaise trap, the Agrosilvopastoral System had the highest species richness and greatest evenness. Was observed different patterns in the distribution of the abundance of hymenopterous parasitoids and Geometridae larvae in different environments, given the same climatic conditions.
Ruralismo pedagógico e escolanovismo em Goiás na primeira metade do século XX: o oitavo Congresso Brasileiro de Educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-17) Araújo, Jaqueline Veloso Portela de; Bittar, Marisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4631251859257196
The present research defends the idea what in Goias, on first half of the 20th century, the project of education rural comprised the juxtaposition of new school and ruralism, which aimed to develop a training profile adapted to the development of production processes in the field, making schooling by a habitus that minimized the rural exodus and integrate ideals of conservation and modernity. It was documentary research investigated the history of education in rural Goias, taking as a main source of analysis, Proceedings of the Eighth Brazilian Congress of Education, 1942, seeking to understand how the discourses of ruralism and new school supported the formation of a man adapted to development of the Brazilian nation in the years 1930- 1945, highlighting the centrality of work with the land in the educational process. The context includes the search time Goias was located in the area of agricultural expansion in Brazil and who was the object of the colonization project of the Vargas government, called the March to the West. At this juncture, there was the building and transfer of the state capital to the city of Goiania, ritual marked by a symbolic construction, which involved among other things, the Cultural Baptism of the new capital and the realization of this event organized by the Brazilian Association of Education.
Políticas públicas em agroecologia para os povos indígenas: um estudo de caso sobre o programa carteira indígena na baixada santista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-17) Costa, Renata Maria Guerreiro Fontoura; Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1147459500274690
Public policies for indigenous peoples in Brazil have undergone several changes over the last two decades. After the end of military dictatorship and the return to democracy, it was started a process of diversification of indigenous policies, which occurred in conjunction with the process of decentralization of public policies in general. In this sense, policies toward the issue of extension and rural development are part of this process, which began to be reformed and to incorporate indigenous peoples as potential beneficiaries. Moreover, from the 70s of last century, the indigenous organization and the civil society began to participate in political arena. It transforms the political and social force hitherto in our country. The Carteira Indígena Program is the result of a partnership between the Ministry of Social Development and Ministry of the Environment, started in 2004 and its objective is the promotion of food security and sustainable development in the territories indigenous. The agroecology is indicated as one of its principles of operation. This study analyzes the decentralization process in public policies and the perceptions of social actors involved the implementation of the Carteira Indígena Program in terms of its benefits, difficulties and unanticipated results, though a case study carried out in two villages in the municipality of Santos. Many challenges have been listed by the stakeholders interviewed, including the discontinuity of actions, lack of technical support, community organization, among others. In this perspective, the Carteira Indígena Program, among other government programs, aims the sustainability in Indigenous communities and emerges as a development opportunity for these people. At the same time, many obstacles are noted during the implementation of those policies. This research shows that the coherence and integration of state action in the decentralization context faces a wide range of problems to reach the sustainable management in indigenous territories.
Educação sexual para adolescentes e jovens : o que prevêem os documentos públicos nos níveis Federal e Estadual em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-17) Sfair, Sara Caram; Bittar, Marisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7059962555431447
The concept of adolescence and youth are social-historical-cultural constructions and delimit distinct audience, with their own demands. Therefore, their specificity must be considered to the elaboration of official proposals. Regarding sexuality and sex, the conception developed through history, the moral and values influence the sexual education currently proposed. In this Dissertation we discussed the relevance to the promotion of autonomy or, in the contrary sense, to the maintenance of repressing values. From the theoretical framework, we suggest to analyze the official proposals related to sexual education for adolescents and young provided by federal and by São Paulo state documents. For this, we used the documental analyses of published works in federal and São Paulo state, between 1990 and 2010. This a relevant period because it represents 20 years of Child and Adolescent Statute, promulgated in 1988 and a mark of legal reference for this population. The total number of documents was 106, and after selected them, rested 25. 76% of these documents did not use sexual education or sexual orientation terms, but used mainly prevention term. The sexual orientation term had the meaning of sexual diversity for 60% of the cases. Only for four cases there was the differentiation of adolescence and youth and all 25 documents used 12 different age groups. The Ministry of Health is the Ministry with the higher number of proposals, with 14 or 56%, but proposes to intersectionality in education in 11, showing the school institutions recognition as a suitable place to achieve the adolescent and youth population. 80% of the documents were related to different professionals of different areas, reporting them the guidelines to the project realization. We concluded there was a predominance of proposals arising from health departments. We also concluded there was a predominance of proposals of health area, even the school is cited as privileged site for the actions. Even the documents advanced in their prepositions, others documents noticed ways to the repressive actions, including the fear of sexuality practice in adolescences and young people. The education needs to appropriate of the discussion about this theme, maximizing the health area proposals and the conception of sexuality and sex exercise as human right.
Patentes de produtos naturais amazônicos: análise do impacto da inovação tecnológica mundial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-17) Yanai, Angela Emi; Faria, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8156649281808253
The study discusses the main aspects of intellectual property and the questions about Amazon, especially the patenting of natural products. Because of unknowing and bureaucracy linked to the system, patenting in Brazil still generates indifference to many entrepreneurs and researchers. However it appears that this scenario is changing with the help of the Innovation Act. Although this law encourages innovation, there are many barriers that prevent the production of new products and processes in the country, especially in Amazon, such as the lack of qualified professionals, resources and issues regarding to the access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge. In this context, the study's goal is to investigate the creation of knowledge and the protection of main Amazonian species of economic interest. For the purpose, we selected 13 species classified as priorities to the Northern Region development, these species are characterized by economic importance in the bioproducts production and by the current and future market potential. Searches and data collections have been carried out in Web of Science and Derwent Innovations Index databases. Bibliometric analysis was used as method, and the VantagePoint software was chosen to process datas.The research results indicate that Brazil is responsible for 62.4% of scientific knowledge on the studied species, followed by the United States with 18.9% and Germany with 8.4%. However, regarding to the patents, United States stands with 34.3%, followed by Brazil with 16.2% and 16.0% in Japan. The species with a few patent documents are little known in the world market, such as: white ucuba, sacaca and bacury. In the analyzed period (2000 - 2009), there is an increase in the patents number on studied species. The INPA is the only Brazilian institute among those with the highest number of patents. Patents documents generally deal with the application of species mainly in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and in the area of agricultural production and food. Guarana is the species that presents the highest number of patents followed by acai, and Brazil is the main patenting holder in crabwood, bacuri fruit, moriche, cupuassu, peach palm and white ucuba. Therefore, universities and Brazilian research institutes allied to business groups have the important role to corroborate the national scientific and technological development, especially in Amazon. Thus, broaden the dissemination and awareness on intellectual property in the scientific community and business is essential.
Estudo da comunidade microbiana planctônica em um reservatório de região tropical semiárida com ênfase em técnicas moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-17) Sodré Neto, Luiz; Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8809866931227584
Reservoirs of Brazilian semiarid regions are essential to guarantee water supply to the people who live around them, and the multiple uses change the water quality and the communities of these ecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dry and rainy periods during three consecutive years on the density and diversity of the prokaryotic community of the water column in the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves dam, besides to analyze the fluctuations on some limnological variables. Dissolved oxygen, water temperature and pH were measured with a multiparametric probe (YSI). Sub-samples to the analysis of total phosphorus, phytoplankton density, bacterial and archaeal density determination, and DNA extraction were taken to the Laboratório de Microbiologia Aquática of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to elucidate temporal shifts on planktonic prokaryotic community of the reservoir influenced by rainy and dry seasons. Bacterial and archaeal abundance and the DGGE band richness were influenced by pluviosity, water temperature, and total phosphorus (TP). Principal components analysis (PCA) showed strong correlations among these variables. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed temporal shifts on Bacterial and archaeal community composition, associated with the pluviosity, reservoir volume, water temperature, and prokaryotic density. This suggests the predominance of factors associated to precipitation events on community structure determination, that is probably composed by persistent and transitory populations. Considering the set of environmental variables, the results indicated two stability moments in reservoir: one moment when the reservoir volume is smaller; and another when the reservoir volume is greater. These stabilities were broken by the rain and by the water loss, respectively.
Método solvotérmico assistido por micro-ondas aplicado à obtenção de nanocristais de ITO : deposição e caracterização de filmes de ITO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-02-17) Oliveira, Fernando Modesto Borges de; Varela, José Arana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1807399214239200
The formation of In1-xSnxO2 (ITO) nanocrystals through the conversion of radiant energy into heat has been studied by using an adapted domestic microwave oven. The formation of powder was obtained by heating the oven to 200 C using a heating rate of 50 C/min and soaking time of 30 min. The obtained powder by this method was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) and Selected Area Diffraction technique whose enable to distinguish possible crystalline phases, as well as the structure and morphology of the powder. Spherical particles with average size of 4, 8 and 12 nm were identified. This powder was characterized by sensing response against the presence or absence of oxygen gas. Finally, ITO powder was deposited on amorphous quartz or glass substrates by spin coating method. The films thus obtained were characterized by FEG-SEM, UVVIS and the electrical sheet resistance was measured using a four probe tips. Best results were obtained in the film whose particles were synthesized at pH 6,5. Optical transmittance at visible region of 98,5 % was observed and with an optical gap and resistance calculated to be 3,55 eV and 3,6.10-3 Ω.m respectively.