Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2012-03-22"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Programa de Inclusão Digital (PID) no ensino fundamental em São Carlos (SP): mudanças e permanências com a chegada dos netbooks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-22) Lemes, Fernanda Cristina Gaspar; Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2437732024773137
Recuperação florestal através de semeadura direta: uso da superação de dormência e influência do tamanho de sementes e de gramíneas exóticas no estabelecimento de espécies de árvores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-22) Pereira, Silvia Rahe; Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4490071418448583
Determinação sequencial rápida de As e Sb, Bi e Pb por espectrometria de absorção atômica com geração de hidretos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-22) Batista, Érica Ferreira; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3830711529545975
In this study it was developed two systems, one for the fast sequencial determination of As and Sb and other for Bi and Pb using flame atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation. To optimize the system for the determination of As (193.7 nm) and Sb (217.6 nm) some variables were evaluated: concentration (in mol L-1) of HCl in the sample and carrier, concentrations (in % w v-1) of KI and NaBH4. For the system used in the determination of Bi (223.1 nm) and Pb (217.0 nm) the following variables were studied: concentration (in mol L-1) of HCl in the sample, concentrations (in % w v-1) of K3Fe(CN)6 and NaBH4. For these studies it was employed Doehlert design to select the best work conditions and obtain more information of the proposed methods. Some analytical parameters were obtained, respectively, for As, Sb, Bi and Pb: Limits of detection (LOD) (0.15; 0.16; 0.60 e 0.77 μg L-1), repeatability (RSD) (1.5; 2.0; 5.9; 6.0 %) and correlation coefficients (r) (0.999; 0.999; 0.998 e 0.997). In order to identify species that could interfere in the determination of As and Sb, Bi and Pb, a study was carried out considering the constituents commonly found in natural waters and chicken feed including Al(III), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II). It was also carried out a study to investigate the influence of the concentration of HNO3 in the As and Sb, Bi and Pb determinations. Through studies with possible interferences, can be observed that there were no significant trend for As, Sb and Bi, the percentage of interference was lower than 21% (contrasts from -4 to 5% for both analytes). In the case of Pb it was noted a strong signal interference by Co (II), Cu (II), Fe (III) and Ni (II) with contrasts varying from -62 % to 29%. The effect of HNO3 concentration was not relevant if it is lower than 10 % v v-1 for As, Sb and 20 % v v-1 for Bi. However, it was noted a strong Pb signal suppression for HNO3 concentrations higher than 0.25 % v v-1. The systems developed were applied in the determination of As and Sb, Bi and Pd in Tietê river water, sea water of Praia Grande Ubatuba, chicken feed and to validate the methods were used two certificate reference materials: Nist 1643e (Trace elements in water) e TMDW-HPS (Trace metals in drinking water).
Degradação eletroquímica de compostos fenólicos usando eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-22) Souza, Renata Beraldo Alencar de; Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8409898535548523
The presence of organic compounds in industrial effluents is a serious environmental issue as well as for the human health, since most of those compounds are extremely toxic. The treatment of those effluents is done many times using biological processes; however some classes of compounds, among the phenolic ones, are resistant to this kind of treatment and require the use of technologies known as Advanced Oxidation Processes, that are based on the chemical or photochemical generation of oxidant radicals. The electrochemical technology emerged as an environmentally compatible alternative with advantages such as the elimination of transport and storage of dangerous chemical products, decrease of workforce and easiness to control the process. On this dissertation were systematically studied the variables of process and project of an electrochemical system using a boron-doped diamond anode for the oxidation of phenolic compounds aiming at current efficiency increase and, therefore, the decrease of energy consumption in the process. In a first phase it was studied the oxidation of the phenol using a reactor either with and without membrane, on the presence or absence of chloride. After that it was studied the influence of the kind of supporting electrolyte and its concentration on the process of oxidation of phenol, the interaction of the process and project variables analyzed, the effect of the flow rate, current density and concentration of chloride on the degradation of phenol and finally, the electrochemical degradation of a real effluent coming from a petroleum refinery. The results show that the use of a membrane had no significant influence on the kinetics of oxidation when compared with the reactor without membrane, mainly when the chloride ions were present on the solution, and that with the use of the membrane the highest cell potentials were achieved. In face of this, it was opted by the utilization of a reactor with one compartment. Overall, it was observed that the utilization of different supporting electrolytes did not interfere on a significant way on the process; however when supporting electrolytes of sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate or calcium carbonate were used there was an improvement of the process in terms of current efficiency and energy consumption. Still, generally, the presence of chloride ions leads to an increase on the kinetics of removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) e total phenolic compounds (TPC). With respect to the interaction of process and project variables, it was verified that for both currents used, in most cases, the kinetics of degradation is weakly influenced by the distance between the electrodes. The increase on the current density leads to a faster speed on the degradation process, however there is a potential cell increase. The increase on flow rate provides, besides a faster kinetics, an improvement on current efficiency, due to enhancement of mass transport. As for the degradation of the real effluent, it was found that the use of lower current densities is essential to accomplish lower cell potentials to enable the utilization of the electrooxidation process in terms of global energetic consumption.