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Eficiência da ação fotodinâmica em Mycobacterium massiliense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Arantes, Danilo Pastori; Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6837759934908545
In Brazil there was an increase of post-surgical infections by rapidly growing mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium massiliense, leading the Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) to establish standards for the mandatory notification of cases occurring nationwide. In order to deal with a major public health problem, this study aimed to determine the efficiency of using antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (PDIa) in Mycobacterium massiliense for future use in the treatment of agent infections. The objective was to test in vitro technique the PDI to control Mycobacterium massiliense to determine the best light dose and concentration of each photosensitizer (FS). To accomplish this search were used two FS: Photogem® and salt Curcumin (N-Methyl-D-Glucominato of Curcumin, 31.8%). As a light source for radiating a BioTable ® operated at 630nm (red light) for Photogem ® and 460nm (blue light) to the salt of curcumin. After the standardized inoculum was added to the sample analyzed in triplicate to a 24 well plate which contained 500μl aliquots of the inoculum +500 μ l of the FS for the study groups tested, and the control group containing 1 ml of inoculum, and five minutes as time incubation (protected from light). After expiration of the irradiation time in accordance with the previously analyzed fluences of the tested groups and subsequent dilution of the sample to the value of 10-5, 100mL sample were plated in triplicate on 7H10 agar + OADC 10% and maintained at 37 for about 5 days with subsequent counting of colony forming units. Based on the results, they showed that FS Photogem ® until the concentration of 1000 μg/Ml was not effective in reducing the number of CFU of M. massiliense. In contrast, the FS Salt Curcumin was effective at concentrations of 1300 μg/Ml with a light dose 50 J/cm2 compared to controls. Thus, these data suggest that the salt FS Curcumin in photodynamic action is a viable alternative for reducing M massiliense when tested in vitro.
Efeitos dos herbicidas clomazone e ametrina em parâmetros funcionais da espécie de peixe neotropical Prochilodus lineatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Pereira, Lindalva; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3342059478238761
The use of biomarkers can provide a great help in the evaluation of the damages caused by pesticides in aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to verify the toxicity of clomazone and ametryn for a tropical freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus by using different parameters in fish exposed for 96h to clomazone (1, 5 and 10 mg.L-1) and to ametryn, as the commercial product GesapaxR500 or in its pure form, in the concentrations 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L-1, or only to water (CTR). The parameters used were: hematological; metabolic (concentration of glucose); osmoionic (osmolarity and plasmatic Cl-, Na+ e K+); biochemical and genotoxic (DNA damage). Clomazone caused hematological disturbances in P. lineatus as noted in the lowervalues of hematocrit (Hct) in 10 mg.L-1; hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (CHCM) in 5 and 10 mg.L-1, which, in general, may indicate anemia. The number of erythrocytes (RBC) presented increased values in the lowerconcentration tested for clomazone, which probable is related to the stress response, with the releasing of immature erythrocytes in the blood stream. Clomazone also activated the detoxification and antioxidant pathways of the tested animals, as shown by the increased activity of the hepatic biotransformation enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) in 5 and 10 mg.L-1. The reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) observed in 5 and 10 mg.L-1 indicated efficient performance of CAT removing the H2O2, or even a competition with GST for the substratereduced glutathione (GSH). The activity of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in P. lineatus was inhibited in the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg.L-1 of clomazone, showing that this herbicide has an anticholinesterasic effect on the studied fish species. Fish exposed to ametrynshowed hematological disturbances such as lower values of Hct in 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L-1 and of RBC in the concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1. The reduction of plasmatic K+ in the concentration of 2.5 mg.L-1, and the hematological alterations mentioned above, may indicate a rupture of the erythrocytes. Fish exposed both to pure ametrynand the formulated product, showed higher values of glucose as a stress response, in both concentrations tested. The two products also caused inhibition of the gill activity of Na+/K+ATPase in 5.0 mg.L-1. The concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1 caused significant decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, leading to the conclusion that ametrynor its formulated product do not generate lipidic peroxidation. DNA damages in the erythrocytes of P. lineatus were x observed in the concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1 of ametryn and GesapaxR 500, showing the genotoxicity of ametryn, probably because it binds directly to the genetic material of the fish. The results presented here allow concluding that the pesticides ametryn and clomazone interfere in the functional parameters of P. lineatus and can compromise the health of these animals
Emprego da organocatálise como uma ferramenta da química verde em reações de adição conjugada : estudos visando a síntese de anéis indólicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Feu, Karla Santos; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1138069644348816
Organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful synthetic paradigm and has accelerated the development of new methods to make diverse chiral molecules. In addition, the small chiral organic molecules used to accelerate asymmetric reactions, In this regard L-proline and its derivatives have risen to gaining prominence. In the present work, we have designed and synthesized LProline derived organocatalysts 4 a-e bearing with the alkyl chain containing chalcogen moiety such as Sulfur & Oxygen and to evaluate their application as catalysts in enantioselective reactions. The synthesized catalysts 4a-e were then employed as organocatalysts in enantioselective conjugate addition of malonates to alfa, beta- unsaturated aldehydes in an environmentally benign approach. Several different reaction conditions were screened and enantiomeric excess upto 96% with good to excellent yields was achieved for the Michael adducts. The best result was achieved for organocatalyst 4b in aqueous reaction conditions. Exploiting the application of the synthesized Michael adducts 5a-i, we then decided for the synthesis of the biologically important substituted indole and it was successfully accomplished with good yields along with excellent ee.
Craqueamento de cicloexano sobre zeólitas ácidas : atividade, seletividade e influência da presença de mesoporosidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Gonçalves, Alexandre Amormino dos Santos; Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3131048284017086; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
The need to develop a catalyst capable of processing heavy oil fractions, which is extracted from deeper wells, is essential. This concern has become more remarkable with the discovery of new oil fields in Brazil. This expectation, which will sustain the country's independence concerning to the production of oil and its derivatives, has led to profound changes in the scientific and technological strategies of Petrobras, in order to provide the necessary knowledge for the processing and production of Petroleum derivatives, attending the various quality and environmental constraints, as well as provide raw material for the growing demand of the petrochemical industry. In this complex context, the study of catalysts for obtaining light hydrocarbons by cracking of heavy fractions of petroleum became an important strategy. The zeolites used in this process, in despite of be very actives, have restrictions regarding to internal diffusion of bulky molecules, which must be overcome. The present research is inserted in this background. The studies were directed in a first step to check the activity and selectivity of acid zeolites in the cracking of cyclohexane, used as a model molecule. The evaluation of H-ZSM-5, H-mordenite, H-Ferrierite, H-Beta and USY, showed that the activity was greatly influenced by the number of external sites and the great potential of the H-Beta zeolite to be applied in naphthenic cracking, because it showed high activity and a better yield to light olefins than USY zeolite, used commercially. The H-ZSM- 5 zeolite confirmed their high potential as catalyst for this process. The cracking of cyclohexane on the H-zeolites also showed the influence of the external sites. Expecting to overcome the diffusional limitations in microporous commented above, in a second step, the study was focused on the preparation of solids containing micro and mesoporous. The method of nanoclusters ZSM-5 zeolite aggregation in a mesostructure matrix was used, resulting in a solid composed by a segregated material of MCM-41 and ZSM-5, but with high catalytic potential. In the materials characterization were used X-ray diffraction (XRD) at low and wide angles, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD-NH3), N2 Physisorption and nuclear magnetic resonance of Al27 (NMR Al27).
A oferta de serviços ambientais na bacia hidrográfica dos rios Sorocaba e Médio Tietê
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Kawaichi, Vanessa Mayumi; Faria, Rosane Nunes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1172221536399083; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8307217059333898; Almeida, Alexandre Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8825551833619350
The present study aims to estimate the supply of environmental services Sorocaba Rivers Basin and Middle Tietê, located in the central-southeastern state of Sao Paulo. The focus of the environmental service is given to the hydrological services, which are responsible for providing farmers in the region. Thus, from the provision of environmental services in the Basin, we estimated the value of PES to farmers based on the opportunity cost of changing agricultural practices on farms in the region. The methodology is based on the opportunity cost of changing a conventional practice for a conservation practice. The opportunity cost was obtained from the comparison between the yield of each crop analyzed by adopting the conventional practice and practice conservation. Thus, we analyzed the yields of major crops Basin (coffee, corn, beans, potatoes, sugar cane, orange, tomato, onion, grapes, rice and cassava), comparing the difference between the yields for both practices. The classification for conservation practice and conventional practice followed at the discretion of the forest area of the basin, considering the municipalities with an area of forest above average as conservation and below average, as conventional. Thus, the forest area was used as a proxy for measuring the environmental service in question, knowing that the preservation of vegetation provides a number of benefits, including conservation of water resources. The results show that the estimated values of PES for the main crops of the Basin can range from R$100/ha/year to R$30.000/ha/year. In relation to the cultures analyzed in this study, we can say that with the highest potential for implementation of programs for PES were the crops of rice and cassava, which, besides having more profitable return for the conservation practice, have a initial offering of high environmental services and the lowest values for PES. Cultures orange, tomato, onions and grape also have an initial supply of high environmental services, however, PES values are estimated quite high in comparison with other cultures, thereby implementing programs to increase the supply PES environmental services in this case should consider how much the payment would compensate for the provision of environmental services provided by these cultures.
Catalisadores bimetálicos de Co e Ni aplicados à reforma à vapor do etanol: propriedades de oxiredução na resistência à deposição de carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Braga, Adriano Henrique; Bueno, José Maria Corrêa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7251309652981943
The effect of variation of cobalt (Co)/nickel (Ni) composition in catalysts based on these transition metals was evaluated focusing mainly in the oxi-reduction properties and their relation to carbon deposition in the Steam Reforming of Ethanol (SRE) reaction. The catalysts, with metal loading of 15 and 8 wt%, were prepared by conventional impregnation of the Co and Ni salts on the sol-gel synthesized support MgAl2O4. The characterization was performed by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms; X-ray diffraction (XRD); temperature programed reduction (H2-TPR); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (H2-XANES), in situ extended X-ray absorption on fine structure spectroscopy (SRE-EXAFS) and Raman spectroscopy. The catalytic tests were done in the temperature range of 250 to 700°C and the conversion and products distribution dependence on the metal loading and composition were evaluated. Reduction profiles and diffraction patterns lead to believe that occur the formation of a spinel NiCo2O4 in the weight ratio 1Co:1Ni during calcination. Such spinel once reduced yields an alloy Co-Ni, accordinto to TEM images and EXAFS data. The alloy formation, although it is hard to characterize, seems to be determining factor on carbon deposition resistance on the catalyst surface during SRE. Carbon deposition, as addressed by TGA and SEM, is strongly sensitive to metal loading, being severe on monometallic samples with higher metal loading; independent of the loading, the bimetallic catalysts in the proportion 1:1 are resistant to carbon deposition. SRE-EXAFS showed that these catalysts didn t oxidize during reaction, differing from Co catalysts, where the equilibrium between oxide and metallic sites controls the ethanol activation and carbon oxidation rates.
Estudo de pórticos preenchidos com alvenaria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Madia, Fernando César Alvarenga Rosa; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5951319184495589
This work proposes to develop a study about frame structure behaviour filled with masonry panel, for the purposes of building bracing. It aims to consider the hardening of this filling masonry in the frame which deals with the horizontal loadings analysis such as wind strength. The work starts with the historical development, depicting the fact that who started this study. Then, variables which influence the frame rigidity are shown, like: wedging, the kind of link between panel- frame, panel openings, codes and design specification. These topics describe theoretical and experimental studies that have already been carried out about the theme and the main approaches considered by the researchers. For the purpose of checking the structure stiffening increase some case study were held. The first one comprehends a simple frame, theoretical, with data and results obtained from specialized literature. The second one compares a steal frame tested on a laboratory, with a computer program modeled frame, using the same features as the real stuff. Then, the portics were analysed with different filled floors. For doing so, different available calculation methods were applied, which employ equivalent diagonal concept to consider the masonry filling contribution as a structural constituent. Bearing in mind to verify the stiffening increase when the filling masonry are considered, a real building was modeled, in this particular case Helena Building, it has 22 floors, built in São Paulo using reinforced concrete, either considering or not the filling masonry. As the research bottom line, this text allows an updating about the possibility of including the filling masonry in building projects, an evaluation of the stiffening increase that the masonry might cause, an analysis to verify the compressed diagonal model and finally it shows design criteria.
A fixação da referência como condição para a aplicabilidade da aritmética em Frege
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Nakano, Anderson Luis; Ferraz Neto, Bento Prado de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084436724293824; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5835664361839261
Pacote de gelo e imersão em água gelada afetam o desempenho muscular e a atividade eletromiográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Vieira, Amilton; Salvini, Tânia de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2655981698975093
Although tissue cooling is widely used in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders there is still controversy about its effects on muscular performance. It is important to study this issue since cooling is also combined with exercise. Objective. To compare the effects of ice pack and cold water immersion on the muscular performance parameters of plantar flexors and electromyography (EMG) activity of the triceps surae. Design. Subjects were randomly assigned treatment with either ice pack (n=20) or cold water immersion (n=21). Independent variables were cold modality (ice pack or cold water immersion), muscle action (isometric and concentric isokinetic, angular velocity of isokinetic test (60 and 120°/s) and measurement time (pre- and post-cooling). Dependent variables were skin temperature, muscular performance and EMG activity. Methods. The sample included 41 healthy men with a mean age of 22.15 (SD=2.89). In each group one of the two cold modalities was applied to the calf region for 20 minutes. Skin temperature, plantar flexors muscular performance parameters and EMG activity of the triceps surae were measured before and after cooling. Results. Ice pack increased isometric peak torque. Both cold modalities reduced EMG activity in both muscles during isometric contraction. Both cold modalities reduced peak torque and total work during isokinetic contraction at both velocities. Ice pack was more effective at reducing EMG activity in isokinetic contractions. Limitations. The examiner was not blinded regarding treatment group and the population included only young healthy participants. Conclusions. Ice pack and cold water immersion showed similar effects on muscular performance, which depends on the muscle action performed. Cooling decreased isokinetic performance and the ice pack increased isometric torque. The results suggest that caution is required when performing activities after cooling, especially tasks involving maximal isokinetic contractions.
Estudo in vitro e in vivo da osseointegração de implantes de titânio com superfícies biomimetizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Busquim, Thaís de Paula; Kuri, Sebastião Elias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8532573164336075
The researchrs conducted with implants are seek to improve the quality of products in order to reduce the waiting time after the surgery to undergo implants on chewing loads safely. To meet this expectation it must be considered that the body has a minimum time to perform the reactions that lead to osseous integration. This study was conducted to characterize the existing titanium oxide layer in commercial implants anodized (Vulcano Actives ®) and treated with acid (Master Porous ®) and compare with a non-commercial implant with ion deposition on the surface (Porous Nano ®). The study consisted of changing the surface morphologies of titanium implants to accelerate the process of osseous integration. In vitro analyses of surfaces were performed, as well as, (roughness, chemical composition, wettability) "in vivo" (indirect measure of osseointegration). The implants were inserted in rabbit s tibia and the rabbits were sacrificed 90 days after implantation. The composition of the passive film was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), RAMAM spectroscopy, electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The results showed that implants treated by anodizing there is predominance of anatase type of titanium oxide on the surface. The others surfaces of implants have very thin oxide and the characterization techniques available have not been able to identify the allotropic form of titanium oxide. The results of the tests showed that the higher value of roughness, the greater contact angle and removal torque of implants was reached at anodized surface implants. Surface treatments show that it is possible to reduce the time of activation of the implant with security, you can get a bone-implant interface with mechanical strength appropriate to support the oral critical forces in clinical situations, such as bone of low quality. Incubation of neutrophils in the different areas showed that in short time of interaction surface morphology is the most important feature, while at longer time chemical composition has a positive effect on cellular interaction. Spectrophotometry revealed that the adsorption of fibronectin (FN) in Porous surfaces and those Doped with Na and F is similar (80%). The association indexes of osteoblastics cells in the samples with and without FN and the values of radioactivity of samples suggest that the incorporation of FN is conclusive citocompatibility of surfaces. The surface coating of titanium with FN proved to be a great option for the treatment of dental implants to optimize and accelerate the process of osseointegration.
Relações entre desempenho e o reforçador das relações verbais de tato e textual em contexto de equivalência de estímulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Guimarães, Luiza de Moura; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5454389124249833
In some conditions, verbal relations of tact which involves nonverbal stimuli, such as pictures, exhibit characteristics and maintenance of learning different from textual relations, which are controlled by verbal products of verbal responses, such as printed words. These differences trigger practical interest in the teaching of reading when the stimuli that control such verbal operands belong to a single class, and are equivalent. It is assumed that in this proposal as the previous individual experience with each of relation, cannot be contacted directly but can be measured by their respective reinforcing value. The proposal presents a procedure to test this assumption, based on the establishment of stimulus classes involving equivalent relation with figure, printed and spoken words, tests of emergent relations of tact and textual and a procedure of choice in concurrent schedules chained. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the differences between the performances on tasks of tact response (oral response forward figure) and on tasks of textual behavior (oral response forward printed word) correlate with the preference of participants for such a task. In Experiment 1, six university students participated. In Experiment 2A and 2B finished the study four typically developing children without knowing reading repertoires. The general procedure began with the completion of two pre-tests, one requesting an oral responses to the stimuli and the second consisted of an evaluation preference for pictures versus printed words. After completion of the pre-tests, there was a matching procedure-tosample (MTS) for the establishment of equivalence relations. Stimuli were used: three spoken words (A), three figures (B) and three printed words (C). The set (A ') consisted of responses spoken by the participants, corresponding to the words dictated. During the MTS, were taught AB and AC relations, and were tested the emergence of relations BC, CB, BA '(tact) and CA' (textual). In Experiments 1 and 2A were used abstract figures and printed and spoken pseudo-words. In Experiment 2B were used familiar pictures of cow, duck and bell and their corresponding printed and spoken names. After established of equivalence classes, was carried out a procedure of choice in a concurrent schedule of reinforcement with chaining to evaluate preference for tasks. In this evaluation were presented two identical red buttons (Experiments 1 and 2A), or two buttons with icons of pictures and printed words (Experiment 2B) followed by the statement "which one you want?". Once the participant touched a button, a task of tact or a textual was presented. Touches on the right button were followed by the presentation of textual tasks (CA ') and touches on the left button were followed by tact tasks (BA'). If the participant showed preference for task, the position of the buttons was reversed. The results showed no correlation between the performance of tact and textual and preference for tasks. Moreover, the preference for tasks found, by some participants, showed that the establishment of equivalence relations may does not equal the reinforcing value of the tasks of these relations.
Extração, purificação e imobilização de lipases vegetais destinadas à síntese de biodiesel e ésteres
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Vescovi, Vinicius; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7588733842958919
Lipases (triacyl-glycerol-hydrolases) are enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis, esterification and transesterification reactions. Lipase can be obtained from animals, microbial and vegetable sources. Nowadays, commercial lipases are majority produced from microbial sources. The use of these enzymes in industrial scale is still limited because of its high cost of production, favoring then, the search for new sources of lipases. This work aimed the utilization of oilseeds as lipase sources, aiming its use in the synthesis of fatty esters and in the hydrolysis of vegetable oils. To achieve this goal, the protein content of seeds of sunflower, castor bean and soybean was solubilized in buffered medium. The oilseeds were crushed in the presence of sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 (50 mM), followed by 11 hconstant stirring at room temperature. Under these conditions, the average productivities were ca. 237, 100 and 81 U/g of dried seeds. The solids were withdrawal from the crude extract by filtration, followed by centrifugation. The clarified crude extract was purified by ultrafiltration in 100 kDa cut-off polypropylene membrane. This procedure allows an activity recovery of 40, 35 and 11% for soybean, sunflower and castor bean, respectively. The purified lipases from soybean, sunflower and castor bean seeds were immobilized on hydrophobic support (silica-octyl) by interfacial adsorption, yielding biocatalysts with recovered activities of 683%, 413% and 1494%, respectively. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and activity assays during the immobilization of the purified lipases on silica-octil suggested the presence of two lipase isoforms with molecular weights around of 20 and 30 kDa. Soluble soybean lipase exhibited optimum pH and temperature for hydrolysis of olive oil around 8.0 and 47 °C, respectively, while for immobilized soybean lipase (derivative) were 6.0 and 57°C, respectively. The halflife of the immobilized lipase at 50oC and pH 7 was around 8 h. The synthesis of butyl butyrate at 40oC catalyzed by immobilized lipase yield a conversion of approximately 15% after 9 h of reaction. The productivity of lipases from soybean seeds can be increased by germination of the seeds for 12 h, followed by extraction at 25oC for 12 h with salt solution (sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0) at 100 mM concentration, supplemented with 1% (m/v) Tris-HCl.
Da resolução de quebra-cabeças em sala de aula à aplicabilidade no cotidiano de uma marmoraria: o que os estudantes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental falam e escrevem sobre o conceito de área
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Mendes, Anderson Fabrício; Sousa, Maria do Carmo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8091087169487406
The main goal of this investigation is to analyze students‟ speeches and writings of students in the 9th year (Ensino Fundamental) about the concept of area , from guiding educational activities (Moura, 1996), involving the contents of notable areas of polygons:rectangles, triangles, , parallelogram, trapezoid triangle and losanges, including, the composition and the decomposition of plane figures. The activities constitute a puzzle. They were elaborated and developed by the researcher in the classroom and in the context of a marble yard.The investigation is qualitative and it can be characterized as a case study. It was conducted by the researcher the whole time, since he is the class teacher. It means, the teacher not only observed the class but also took notes of the movement that happened in the class. The question guiding the study is: what do students from the 9th year (Ensino Fundamenta) say and write about the area concept while they really live those guiding educational activities, inside the class and also in a marble yard context? The analysis of speech and writing were made by observing the categories related to the contents. As a result, the researcher tried to gather information, identify and comprehend, from the speeches and writings, what the students learned by showing it, as well as their difficulties or still, the relations that they make between what happens inside class and every day, giving emphasis on the use of formulas for calculating the areas and the application of these ones in the marble yard. It was also produced: guiding educational activities about the polygons area concepts.It is noteworthy, that this investigation summarizes theoretical and methodological the movements that happened inside the class and also in the marble yard.
Produção de vídeos caseiros pelos próprios alunos como estratégia para melhorar a aprendizagem dos conceitos abordados nas aulas regulares de Física no Ensino Médio e com ênfase no registro das atividades propostas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Marinovic, Jorge Antonio; Studart Filho, Nelson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0119494636101571
This work presents the results of a study about the efficience of home video productions by own students to get a better learning in Physics by the understanding of some important teacher´s assignments at Senior High School. The students were taught to elaborate the scripts, making off and other basic filming techniques, but the most important thing was to encourage them to engage into research and be creative in their videos. The resulting overall product resulted showed in the videos gave us the opportunity to evaluated the knowledge working as an alternative for the written assignments demand or other kinds of records like experiment records and science center visits records, which most of the students making use the traditional copy and paste rules from the Internet. The work was developed for a year and half, when we did five activities involving since videos production until its exposure and discussions done by the classmates. Teacher s suggestions for the doing videos depend on the subjects studied in the bimestrial. The work was done in first, second and third Senior High School grades. The results allowed us to evaluate the efficiency of different ways of asking assignments for the students, which were done orally, written, given a script or by videos, besides giving support to teachers use as a methodological approach more efficient. We gather that when it s used by the right way, the video home productions done by the students themselves showed to be good, because it can motivate them to research and work like a group, at the same time as become clear how poor are the other students participation and interest. In this situation, the videos productions are substandard, with no good techniques or contents qualities. The spontaneous student testimonies showed that they were motivated to do the videos, and our observation of the questions and students talks during the class showed that those who really did the video production increased their knowledge about the critical analyses phenomenon studied. The videos are on the Internet, with free access and the addresses are in the attachment. Another result for this article was the educational material folder. It s a short introductory manual with instructions for concerned and willing teachers incorporate this approach in their teaching plans.
Experiências, mediações e posições políticas: a luta por moradia no Campo Belo-Campinas/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Formagio, Cessimar de Campos; Feltran, Gabriel de Santis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1272668889524080
The relationship between State and popular movements is drawn on the political and economical conjuncture of a historical moment and also by the political position that a movement assumes in front of the state projects, in which the interests of hegemonic corporate groups are represented. Considering the observation of Sader (1995:41) on the "wide range of possible answers facing the same given request", this research seeks to understand how the movement of struggle for housing of residents from Campo Belo Jardim on the outskirts of Campinas organizes and positions itself, and how the State deals with such specific profile of organization, in the attempt to create among residents some degree of consensus on the expansion project at the airport of Viracopos and mitigate the resistance of residents to the expropriation of the place where they live. On a broader plan the research aims to analyze the relationship between the profile of internal organization of a popular movement and the relations it establishes with the State. We seek therefore, to point out the different political positions among residents of Campo Belo and how these positions interact in the formation of one of the major political mediation spaces in the neighborhood residents' associations. To identify the nuances of the relationship between associations and State, we analyze the course of the struggle for the residents permanency in the neighborhood, which is threatened by the expansion of Viracopos airport. The research was built up from three clusters: the bibliographic selection; the fieldwork conducted in thirteen months (November 2009 to December 2010) from living together with the neighborhood s residents and doing a follow up on the neighborhood associations; and the documentary research, which involved organizing documents from associations, consulting the collection/acquis of the city s newspapers and photos produced in the field work, part of this material is in the annexes of this dissertation.
Emprego da RMN aliada à quimiometria no controle de qualidade de suco de laranja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Oliveira, Clayton Rodrigues de; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3011985997805760; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7172297688805316
Fresh orange juice is widely appreciated all over the world for its pleasant flavor and because it is a great source of nutrients. Currently, Brazil leads the world in the production and export of orange juice, generating billions of dollars each year. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the application of 1H NMR in combination with chemometrics in order to characterize the chemical properties of commercial juices and to compare them with natural juices from the main types of Citrus sinensis cultivated in Brazil and bought in the local market. Moreover, the degree of alteration and the variation in concentrations of derived chemical constituents of commercial and natural juices in different storage conditions were evaluated. Hence, three (3) samples of commercial juices and five (5) types of natural juices extracted from pêra Rio oranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), Bahia oranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), murcote oranges (C. grandis (L.) Osbeck), lima oranges (C. aurantifolia), and lima da Pérsia oranges (C. aurantifolia) were studied. The 2D and 1H NMR techniques had proved to be an important tool for characterization and relative quantification of the main metabolites that are found in the alteration of natural and commercial orange juice samples of this study. The application of these techniques has allowed the characterization of twenty seven (27) metabolites present in orange juice samples examined herein. The results showed that the absolute quantification of ethanol and the relative quantification for formic, fumaric, lactic, acetic, pyruvic, and succinic acids indicate that these compounds changes in the orange juice occurred during the storage period and conditions. Furthermore, principal components analysis (PCA) was used to classify commercial and natural orange juice through quantification of major and minor metabolites present in juices.
Efeitos da condução da política monetária na economia brasileira pós-Plano Real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Carvalho, Leandro Vinícios; Figueiredo, Adelson Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2582161065438214; Cruz Júnior, José César; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0086426315229286
This paper aimed to analyze the dynamics of the evolution of interest rates in Brazil from the period after the Real Plan. It will take place throughout the dissertation a study on the adoption and operation of the system of inflation targets, as well as the functioning and organization of the National Financial System. It will be discoursed on the implementation of monetary policy by the Central Bank and also a study made of the main theoretical discussions regarding the adoption of monetary policy regime of inflation targeting. In addition, there will be an explanation of some studies that investigated empirically the effects of monetary policy on economic variables after the adoption of inflation targeting. To evaluate the effects of maintaining interest rates at high levels will be estimated using the methodology of the Vector Error Correction, the model of monetary transmission specified by Bogdanski et al. (2000), where you can analyze the behavior of variables such as income (output gap), the exchange rate, inflation and risk premium, compared to the nominal interest rate (Selic). The estimated unrestricted model (variation of the model proposed by Bogdanski et al. (2000)) showed evidence that the Selic rate, the output gap and inflation are related as expected in the target system, the basic interest rate uses the level of economic growth (gap) as an indicator of the growing economy in order to maintain stable price levels. There was also the conclusion that there is room for reduction in interest rates between the years 2012 and 2013, albeit sparingly, to levels lower than current (between 9.0% and 10%) in order to generate a stimulus to the growth of domestic investment, since they do not commit to maintaining inflation at low levels and controlled.
Avaliação de modelos matemáticos para dimensionamento do bulbo molhado na irrigação por gotejamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Sato, Lucas Massayuki; Peres, José Geanini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3554351645697764; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4328881511854372
The increasing current demand of water has caused conflicts between their multiple uses, being the agriculture responsible for the use of the largest portion of this natural resource. In this context, drip irrigation has shown growth in irrigated area due to their potential to achieve high efficiency in water application. Drip irrigation is characterized by the application of small volumes of water at high frequency directly in the root zone of plants, helping to maintain soil moisture near field capacity in a given volume of soil usually called the wet bulb. Knowing the dimensions of the wetted generated to be used in drip irrigation project is of fundamental importance for the proper design and operation of drip irrigation systems. The objective of this study was to test the performance of the mathematical models Schwartzman and Zur Reprinted and HYDRUS-2D in predicting dimensions of wet bulb generated generated by emitters of different flow flow rates. In its first part, held at the experimental field of Taubate University, were collected the dimensions of the wet bulbs generated by drip of 2, 4 and 8 L h-1 in a dystrophic red-yellow. In the second, were simulated the dimensions of wet bulb using Schwartzman and Zur Reprinted and HYDRUS-2D models. Statistical analysis used to evaluate the performance of these models have shown that the model Schwartzman Zur Reproduced predicted the experimental data set with an accuracy of 94%, whereas in the case of model HYDRUS-2D, this accuracy was 85%. It was concluded that the two studied models can adequately estimate the dimensions of the wet bulb, for the studied conditions, highlighting, however, that the model performed better was Schwartzman-Zur Reprinted.
Desenvolvimento de métodos para estudo de dioxinas presentes na cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar : avaliação do potencial biorremediador de cepas microbianas em compostagem aeróbica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Perlatti, Bruno; Forim, Moacir Rossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4970807426339978
Sugarcane bagasse ash is a byproduct of sugar and alcohol industry with potential for field application. However, the presence of organic contaminants such as dioxins turns necessary the development of strategies for removal of those pollutants, such as bioremediation. Because of the high toxicity of dioxins, it is wise to develop effective and low risk methods for initial evaluation of microbial degradation capacity of those compounds by using less dangerous alternatives such as screening tools to select possible microorganisms as candidates for bioremediation. In such context, this work aimed to apply statistical models to evaluate microbial growth capacity under influence of components of a compost windrow already used for other sugarcane industry residues, and also development of qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate microbial degradation of the dye RBBR and 1,2,3,4-TCDD, molecules selected as model compounds. The Scott-Knott method grouping multiple means showed good results, indicating microbial growth inhibition of all fungi in culture medium with compost windrow, and microbial growth promotion for Aspergillus strains in sugarcane ash doped medium. Furthermore, quantification of RBBR dye in liquid broth was developed, validated and applied through a dilute-and-shoot technique followed by LC-MS/MS, where it was possible to detect up to 4,8pM of dye, being observed a degradation from 40-99% of dye over 30 days. In a similar way, it was developed and validated a GC-MS method to quantify 1,2,3,4-TCDD in liquid broth after extraction, with detection limits of 10ppb, observing a removal of up to 20% of dioxin after 30 days. Another point evaluated was the identification of RBBR degradation products, where it was observed the presence of four dye metabolites during the course of the experiment, which allowed us to propose a degradation pathway of RBBR dye by Aspergillus flavus.
Caracterização e análise das habilidades sociais e problemas de comportamento de crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-30) Carvalho, Larissa Helena Zani Santos de; Del Prette, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5987530413176863
Autism is a behavioral syndrome that affects multiple areas of development, it is noteworthy changes among these deficits in social skills and behavior problems. National production in the area of autism has advanced in recent years, however there is still a lack of jobs in the area of social skills with this population. In the literature of other countries you can find many publications on this theme, but many studies are related to social skills training, without specification of appropriate procedures for assessing social skills deficits and problem behavior syndrome. Studies concerning the state of the art of these productions, show the need for more work with autistic impairment using multimodal assessment. Therefore the aim of this study was to characterize the repertoire of social skills and behavior problems in children with severe autism through a multimodal assessment, and perform functional analysis of deficits in social skills and behavior problems of the same. The study included 6 children, 3 males and 3 females, diagnosed with severe autism who were enrolled in a special education school in a remote town in Sao Paulo. Mothers and teacher responded to the Social Skills Ratting System (SSRS-BR) and an interview regarding social skills and behavior problems of children. Were also carried out a 30 recording of 1 children in 10 different environments in school. The results obtained from the SSRS-BR answered by mothers and teacher prevailed low level of social skills and high level of behavior problems. The results of the interviews showed that although these children have deficits in social skills compared with the normative sample, still have important social skills for interpersonal relationships. The recordings were made with the child who had lower levels of social skills and high in behavior problems, both in interviews and in SSRS. Functional analysis of the behaviors recorded allowed to list behavior problems competing with the social skills classes, and it was also possible to analyze the influence of the behavior patterns of teacher and caregiver in the child's repertoire. The results showed that children have deficits in social skills and behavior problems as reported in the literature, but also indicated the importance of tools that are able to identify specific needs of children with autism.