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Construção dialogada da base de conhecimento da ação docente por estudantes de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-20) Calzolari Neto, Anselmo João; Mizukami, Maria da Graça Nicoletti
According to current scenery on knowledge production about teachers education, especially on initial formation within courses of degree, this work has intended to defend that there is an opportunity of diversification and deepening of the knowledge basis for the teaching during long duration supervised traineeship determined by Biological Sciences graduation in UFSCar. The research was oriented by the following question: Which elements of the teaching knowledge basis have been constructed by Biological Sciences Graduation students in the end of their initial formation process? From this question, the objective was developed: (1) to identify the dialogical construction of knowledge (that comprises the knowledge base) revealed by students writings and speeches from the dialogical construction process. Lee Shulman (Knowledge Basis) served as Theoretical Reasons, consider the processes of pedagogical reasoning and action. The process of teacher formation includes shared long duration regencies besides traineeship of observation. In order to investigate this process, we required some data generator instruments: (a) interpretation of eighteen participants metaphors and (b) the second year of traineeship closure conversation with seven students. Our study presents the category General Pedagogical Knowledge as the most representative regarding to teaching knowledge basis, when both the self-dialogue and the face to face dialogue were considered. The Content Knowledge and Pedagogical Content Knowledge were categories with lower expressiveness. The dialogically constructed outlines within knowledge basis were: (1) on teaching planning, (2) on elements of teaching-learning and (3) on students and their history.
Um olhar para a gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos a partir de indicadores de sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-20) Lozano, Marisa Cubas; Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1539390812340093
Solid waste management has been shown to be a major challenge for local governments given the high operational costs and increasing amounts of waste generated. Inadequate waste management, as well as the damage to the environment and to public health, gives rise to great expense for its mitigation. There is a need to search for solutions which focus on, among other things, the economic efficiency for a healthy environment. This can be attained through sustainable development, shown to be an alternative model of development to the present one. To guarantee that sustainability is the aim of a given activity, it is necessary to establish goals and to periodically assess the system to trace opportunities and correct possible errors. Such assessment can be done via the use of sustainability indicators, a tool that has been consolidated in the search for sustainability in several spheres, including business and public, from data collection to generate information. In this work, based on an ample literature review, systems of indicators were identified and an analysis of the indicators that deal with solid waste management relating them to the dimensions of sustainability and to those principles of sustainability specific to the management of solid waste. The indicator systems were divided into two groups: sets of sustainability indicators that deal with solid waste, and sets of sustainability indicators specific for evaluating solid waste management. In the former, the environmental dimension is highlighted, dealt with by all of the systems in at least one of the sustainability principles related mainly to indicators connected to recycling and garbage collection. In the second group, the indicators are distributed in a balanced way between the dimensions, although the principle of work and income generation and that of promoting sustainable standards of production and consumption were covered by fewer indicators as opposed to the other principles.
Expressões faciais de emoções de crianças com deficiência visual e videntes: avaliação e intervenção sob a perspectiva das Habilidades Sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-20) Ferreira, Bárbara Carvalho; Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8526931736038748
The ability of expressing emotions via facial expressions is an indispensable component of some required childhood social skills. Therefore, facial expressions are crucial for successful social relations and the quality of life of both typically developing children and persons with special educational needs, such as visual impaired children. As facial expression of emotions and social skills are profoundly connected, there is the demand of programming interventions directed to maintaining, modulating and enhancing facial expressions topographically and functionally. In order to produce interventions socially valid and effective, planning programs which produce indicators of external and internal validity is of utmost importance. In other words, interventions must be carried out with reliable measures and well-delimited procedures so as the acquired repertoire may be generalized and maintained. In view of social, methodological and empirical issues that underlie those areas (facial expressions and social skills), the present study aimed at evaluating the impact of a program which trained the facial expression of emotions on the social skills repertoire of blind, low vision and sighted children in (1) acquiring, enhancing and maintaining the discrimination of characteristic facial signs of each basic emotion; (2) acquiring, enhancing and maintaining facial expression of basic emotions using photo and video registers; (3) the quality of facial expressions of basic emotions registered by photos; (4) the ability of emotionally express themselves through their face, actions and voice, evaluated by parents and teachers; (5) acquiring, enhancing and maintaining their social skills, according to their self-evaluation, as well as parents and teachers evaluation. A single-case research design with pretest and posttest, multiple probes and replications intra and inter subjects was adopted. Participants were 3 blind children, 3 children with low vision and 3 sighted children. The intervention program was carried out individually and lasted for 21 sessions. Moreover, the evaluation was carried out by 2 judges, the child s parents and teachers and the children themselves. The Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR), Checklist for Evaluation and Probe of Emotional Expressiveness, Checklist for Assessing Facial and Emotional Expression, Inventory of Facial Expression of Emotions by Pictures and Films, Protocol for Assessing the Quality of Facial Expression of Emotions, and, Protocol for Emotional Expressiveness Assessment by Facial Expressions and Non-Verbal Components of Emotions were the instruments used for the evaluation. Except for the SSRSBR, all of the instruments were especially created for the present study. Data analysis was carried out as the following: descriptive statistical analysis was performed for each individual (subjects as their own control) and JT Method (clinical significance and reliable change index) was used in order to assess SSRS-BR data. Results indicated that blind, low vision and typically developing children (ordered from the former to the latter) presented more difficulties in discriminating the facial signs characteristic of six basic emotions during the evaluation, which took place prior to the intervention. The percentage of correct answers of all children in the probes after the intervention was between 83,3% and 100%. In addition to that, parents, teachers and judges evaluated the facial expression repertoire of participants as having improved and maintained itself after the intervention, as well as the quality of facial expressiveness. All participants improved their general score in social skills, with some reliable positive changes (improvement) and clinically significant changes, evidencing the enhancement of the participants repertoire observed after the intervention. In summary, the intervention program was effective for improving and maintaining the facial expression of emotions and some classes of social skills, especially those related to emotional expressiveness.
Caracterização e secagem de grãos de linhaça marrom (Linum usitatissimum L.) em leito fixo e fluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-20) Vieira, Gustavo Nakamura Alves; Freire, José Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1342880297913111
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a plant whose seeds have a high nutritional value due to the presence of polyunsaturated fats and dietary fiber. In terms of health benefits and versatility, flaxseed provides good control of LDL and glycaemic blood levels. In addition, flaxseeds are rich in antioxidants, which prevent degenerative diseases, such as cancer. Flaxseed has featured recently in consequence of the search of foods with functional properties. Although the Brazilian market for flaxseed is growing, it is still dependent on importing, but the potential for the growth of the national production exists, which is a motivation for the research of drying techniques, in such a way that the flaxseed properties between the harvest and the consumption are kept. In order to modeling the drying, some physical properties (amongst which the thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, grain and bulk density and effective mass diffusivity) are required for the use of conservation laws. Generally the relationship of these properties and the moisture of the grains are obtained through rehydration by directly adding water to the grains. However, this procedure does not guarantee the uniformity of the sample. The aim of this study was the proposal of a new methodology to obtain the relation between some physical properties and the moisture of the grains, based on the equilibrium moisture content procedure. Another aim of this study is the analysis of the drying focusing the comprehension of the transport phenomena involved. The equipment used for the drying experiments was a dryer which can be operated either as a batch or a continuous dryer, in fixed or fluidized bed. The influence of drying parameters (air temperature, static bed height and air flow rate) over drying kinetics was analyzed. Results show that the new methodology is potentially applicable to grains and other hygroscopic material. Drying results evidenced that the thin layer thickness for flaxseed at 50°C is between 3 and 5 cm, whereas for higher temperatures (65°C and 80°C), the thickness is equal or above 5 cm. Simple kinetic models (Lewis, Page, Overhults, diffusive) were fit to drying experimental data and the Overhults model was chosen as the most appropriate one to represent the grains moisture as a function of drying time for all the analyzed experimental conditions.