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Avaliação do comportamento mecânico de nanocompósito de PEEK/nHA sob curta e longa duração para aplicação como biomaterial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-27)
Rego, Bruna Turino
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Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3217820661976976
The main objectives of this dissertation were to study the short (tensile and impact) and long-term (fatigue) mechanical behavior of nanocomposites of poly(ether-ether-ketone), PEEK, with nanohydroxyapatite, nHA, for application as biocompatible materials. First of all, a preliminary study was conducted to determine the influence of the addition of nHA in the rheological, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PEEK, in order to choose an optimal formulation for large-scale preparation. The chosen composition with 10wt% of nHA was prepared by melt mixing in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The resulting structure and dispersion were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and rheological properties. Subsequently, the materials (PEEK and PEEK/nHA nanocomposite) were injection molded at 3 different conditions by varying the flow rate. The resulting morphologies were evaluated by polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM) and the degree of crystallinity of the samples was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The mechanical properties of tensile, impact and fatigue of PEEK and nanocomposite were measured and correlated with the results of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and the resulting morphology. It was found that the variation of the injection conditions did not change the materials properties significantly; however, the obtained long and short-term mechanical properties of the nanocomposite were within the range of cortical bone properties and, therefore, the nanocomposite can mechanically be used for medium load bearing implant applications, due to their limited modulus. Finally, tests with adult stem cells to determine in vitro biological response of the biomaterial were performed, which indicated that these cells proliferated faster in PEEK/nHA, indicating that the biological response is most favorable to the nanocomposite than to pure PEEK.
Mulheres migrantes no contexto das fronteiras de gênero e arranjos familiares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-27)
Angelin, Paulo Eduardo
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Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8537328900369894
The objective of this research was to understand the trajectories of migrant families and, especially, the life trajectories and social roles assigned and represented in society and specifically in the processes of migration, women migrants and northeastern Paraná, living in a neighborhood of the city of São Carlos, São Paulo, called city Aracy, always considering the origin, the regional culture, socioeconomic status and family arrangements. For the achievement of this study were performed in a first phase, conversations with authors who discuss the theme of migration, whether international or domestic were performed. A dialogue with theorists who portray the issue of gender, male domination and sexual division of labor, as well as authors who address the notion of family arrangements was also made. Finally, we worked with authors who discuss women's participation in migratory flows and the coordination and mobilization of kinship networks. Then, through qualitative research, interviews were conducted with 33 migrant women, using a guide and semi-structured individual interviews, which was built as advanced research and theoretical literature. The research shows that women migrants women in question, according to the socio-cultural and family, play different social roles. Family and living arrangements decisively influence the representation of these social roles. But other factors such as the origin, regional culture, the weather conditions and socioeconomic status, may influence these representations, to the point of women from the same family arrangement, act differently in society in general and in the migration process.
Formação de mesoporosidade em zeólitas ZSM-5: avaliação do método de preparação e do potencial como catalisador ácido através do craqueamento de cicloexano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-27)
Silva, Edilene Deise da
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3672771633840838
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
Due to their potential as acid catalyst and hydrothermal stability, USY, ZSM-5 and modernite zeolites are widely used in several processes of petroleum refining and petrochemical industries. With the discovery of new reserves in Brazil, the petroleum industry must adequate its technology to be able to process heavy oil fractions and satisfy the increased demand for more valuable derivatives (gasoline, diesel and olefins). To achieve this, a better performance of such zeolites needs to be reach by improvement of the active sites accessibility and/or diminishing the diffusion path inside of their microporous system. In this context, the objective of this research was to synthesize ZSM-5 zeolites with hierarchical pore structure and evaluate their potential as acid catalyst in the cracking of hydrocarbons, using cyclohexane as model molecule. In the synthesis of these materials, Black Pearls 2000 carbon and an organosilane surfactant molecule were employed as structure-directing agent for mesopores formation. Zeolites were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, small-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance of 27Al nucleus, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and ammonium temperature programmed desorption. The properties and acid activity of the synthesized zeolites were compared with a ZSM-5 zeolite without mesopores. The results revealed that the used synthesis methodologies were effective in the formation of crystals of ZSM-5 zeolite containing the intrinsic micropores of the MFI structure combined with the presence of intracrystalline mesopores. The Black Pearls 2000 carbon generated mesopores that were an inverse replica of the carbon particles with an average diameter of 12 nm and the amphiphilic surfactant mesopores with diameters of about 4 nm. The cracking of cyclohexane showed that the solids with hierarchical structure of pores preserved the acid potential of ZSM-5 zeolites, with all the micro-mesoporous zeolites presenting similar catalytic behaviour related with the yield and selectivity in the considered reaction. Other hand, the presence of mesopores favoured the formation of products resulting from isomerization and hydrogen transfer reactions.
Influência da orientação corporal no desenvolvimento do controle de cabeça de lactentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-27)
Lima-Alvarez, Carolina Daniel de
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Tudella, Eloisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4144337339534625
Head movements play an important role in typical motor development because they form the basis for the emergence of fundamental motor skills such as reaching and sitting. In addition, the head is the first part of the body to develop antigravity control, and serve as a frame for the organization of postural control. The aims of this longitudinal study were: 1) to provide information about the behavioral (frequency of head movement; proportion of head initial position to the right, left and midline; proportion of movement type sideto- midline, midline-to-side and side-to-side) and kinematics (amplitude of head movement: flexion, inclination and rotation; duration of the movement; mean angular velocity; peak velocity; deceleration index; number of movement unit; number of movement unit after peak velocity; mean duration of movement unit; mean duration of movement unit after peak velocity; duration of the longest movement unit) changes during the acquisition of head control in supine position; 2) to verify and to describe the age-related changes observed in the spatial-temporal organization of the head movement; 3) to verify e if different body orientations (unsupported supine; supported supine head supported and semi flexed approximately to 15° over an infant pillow; and supported reclined- head supported and semi flexed approximately and the body reclined to 20° with the horizontal plane) and if external head support can improve the alignment between head and trunk, thus turning the head movement more controlled and 4) to verify if the body orientation can facilitate the head movement in younger infants (from birth to two months), as they head movement are not as controlled as older infants. To this end, 17 infants were longitudinally assessed once a month. They were presented with a black and white card that was moved sideward in front of their face in all the conditions (unsupported supine, supported supine and supported reclined. Results of study 1, focused in the age-related effect of head movement showed that with age, particularly from two months onwards, the head was more often held at body midline. A larger amount of head movements and an increase in amplitude and speed of the head movement accompanied this change between two and three months. Kinematic analysis also showed that head movements were organized in movement units that increased in number until three months of age, but significantly decreased afterwards (especially the number of movement units after peak velocity). The results about body orientation manipulation, study 2, showed that the behavioral and kinematic analyses in the supported supine and supported reclined conditions, showed an increase in the proportions of head positions at the body midline and midline-to-side head movements in comparison to the unsupported supine condition. Further, a lower mean angular velocity and a prolonged duration of the head movement and its constituent movement units (including the longest movement unit) were observed in the supported supine and reclined conditions. The results suggest that the velocity profile became more symmetrical with age, especially after two months-old onwards, which is indicative for better and more efficient control of the head movements. Importantly, many of the differences only occurred when infants were younger than three months of age. In sum, vii the head movement became more fluent and well-organized through age, especially after three months. The external support of the head led to an improvement in the alignment of head and trunk, which promoted better-controlled head movements, especially in the younger infants. This suggests that neck muscle strength is an important limiting factor in the development of head movements.
Toxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-27)
Souza, Jaqueline Pérola de
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Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2320506014760329
The effects of trace metals contamination in aquatic environments are of concern in the ecotoxicological point of view. In these environments the organisms are exposed to metals in the dissolved form and also through ingestion of contaminated food in the food chain. The phytoplanktonic organisms are the basis of food chains and are responsible for primary productivity. Zooplankton is a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels, such as fish. The exposure of these organisms to metals will cause changes in the physiology, affect productivity rates, and the balance and dynamics of aquatic communities. This study evaluated the effects of the metal cadmium (Cd) on an experimental freshwater food chain involving the algae Scenedesmus quadricauda, a cladoceran daphinidae, Simocephalus serrulatus, and the fish Hyphessobrycon eques. Cultures of S. quadricauda in exponential phase growth were exposed to 1.6x10-9; 3.2x10-8; 6.7x10-8; 1.6x10-7 and 1.3x10-6 mol L-1 of total dissolved Cd for 96 h. During exposure chlorophyll "a", population growth, coenobia size, and dry biomass were evaluated. Then the contaminated algae were given as food to the zooplankton S. serrulatus during the complete life cycle of the organisms in the concentration range of 3.8x10-14 to 5.9x10-12 g Cd cell-1. During the exposure the embryonic development time, age at first reproduction, time for egg production, generation time, longevity, fertility rates, feeding rates, secondary production, and recovery of the animals were evaluated. Then the cladocerans reared with Cd contaminated algae were used as food for the fish H. eques duruing a period of seven days. At the end of this exposure, we evaluated the histological structure of gills and liver, and the fresh weight of the animals. In S. quadricauda, there were damages on the chlorophyll content, and in the population growth at high concentrations of the metal. In the cladocerans were detected increase of the embryonic development time, age at first reproduction, and generation time, whereas a decrease of the longevity, fertility rates, feeding rates, and secondary production. The rate of secondary production showed recovery after removal the contaminated food. The histological patterns of gills and liver, as well as the fresh weight of the fish were not affected by the Cd exposure tested through the food chain considering the exposure period and concentrations tested. The results indicated that food can be considered an important vehicle in the Cd transfer from phytoplankton to zooplankton in aquatic food webs. Cd has a high potential for toxicity, impacting the producers and primary consumers. However, no Cd effects to the fish, the third trophic level, were detected. These studies are of great importance for understanding Cd behavior in aquatic environments, as well as its toxicity to the organisms. The understanding of these aspects contributes to adaptation strategies for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems in situations of contamination.
Estudo nutricional e sensorial de açúcares cristal, refinado, demerara e mascavo orgânicos e convencionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-27)
Faria, Daiara Aparecida Mendes
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Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3084939323677190
This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and sensory quality of different types of sugars, were analyzed for both the physico-chemical and sensory analyzes of eight samples of sugars including conventional and organic. The samples of sugars were analyzed for pH, moisture, polarization, amino acids, reducing sugar, conductivity ash, ICUMSA color, phenolics, turbidity, minerals and heavy metals. We used the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) with 15 trained judges and 30 judges to evaluate the visual preference and 21 panelists for the preference, color and sweetness of orange juice sweetened with sugars under study. A study was made of the profile and consumer behavior in relation to sugars. The results showed that the brown sugar had lower levels of Pol, to the ash content samples of raw sugar and brown sugar D G values were higher than in relation to others; samples of organic sugars (D and G) were Ca and Fe greater than conventional. As the descriptive analysis, the aroma and sweet flavor and darker color were higher in organic samples. The schooling interfere with the visual preference and understanding of the concept of organic product and its cost and brand.
Imersões isométricas em produtos de duas formas espaciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-27)
Santos, Bruno Mendonça Rey dos
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Figueiredo Junior, Ruy Tojeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930999514347198
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0482550420604550
In this thesis we study isometric immersions into products of two space forms using the approach introduced by Lira et al in [18]. Parallel isometric immersions into products of two space forms with nonzero sectional curvatures are classified, and the classification of umbilical isometric immersions f : Mm Ñ On1 k1 _ On2 k2 , with m ¥ 3 and k1 􀀀 k2 _ 0, is reduced to that of umbilical isometric immersions of codimension two into On k _ R, k 0, where On k denotes the space form with dimension n and sectional curvature k. To accomplish this, we prove some results of independent interest on reduction of codimension of isometric immersions into products of two space forms.
Inovações na síntese enzimática de amoxicilina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-27)
Pereira, Sandra Cerqueira
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9585582276164819
Penicillin G acylase (PGA, E.C.3.5.1.11) from Escherichia coli is an enzyme of great industrial importance, widely used for the hydrolysis of penicillin G, producing the 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), which is a key molecule for the synthesis of semi-synthetic penicillins. Among them, amoxicillin has a broad spectrum of activity against a variety of bacteriological infections. Industrially, amoxicillin is produced by chemical processes, which require drastic reaction conditions, several steps of protection and deprotection of reactive groups in order to prevent non-selective hydrolytic reactions, use of organochloride solvents with non-recyclable waste generation, which are toxic and harmful to the environment. The enzymatic synthesis is a more attractive alternative from the environmental point of view and economic. The tendency of the pharmaceutical industry is the development of enzymatic methods to produce these β-lactam semi-synthetic antibiotics, including amoxicillin. Nevertheless, a major obstacle to its industrial implementation is the limited yield, as a consequence of undesirable hydrolytic side-reactions, which lead to the formation of the by-product (p-hydroxyphenylglycine, POHPG) throughout the course of the reaction. This drawback can be partially avoided by reducing the water activity (aw) in the medium. For this purpose, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as an alternative to conventional organic media due to their high thermal and chemical stability, non-flammability, easy recycling, and negligible vapor pressure. Within this context, this work researched the development of an integrated green process for the recovery, reuse and recycle of the by-product (POHPG) of the kinetically controlled enzymatic synthesis of amoxicillin, employing PGA immobilized on Sepabeads® in a totally aqueous medium reaction (sodium phosphate buffer 100 mM, pH 6.5), and assessed the catalytic activity of this biocatalyst in the presence of different ILs as cosolvents for these synthetic reactions, in terms of selectivity (synthesis/hydrolysis, S/H ratio) and conversion of the substrate 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA). The recovery of the by-product (POHPG) of the kinetically controlled enzymatic synthesis of amoxicillin in a totally aqueous reaction medium was done efficiently, achieving a final purity of 99% for the POHPG, which was successfully reused for the production of the substrate p-hydroxyphenylglycine ethyl ester (POHPGEE), achieving a conversion of 93%. Then, POHPGEE was recycled to the reactor (without any further purification) for another batch of enzymatic synthesis of amoxicillin, following the characteristic profile that is expected for these synthetic reactions. This integrated green process generated sodium chloride (NaCl) as waste, which is an inert and harmless salt. Moreover, the assessment of the use of ILs as cosolvents for the reactions of kinetically controlled enzymatic synthesis of amoxicillin presented promising results. An increase of 400% in the selectivity was observed for the reactions carried out in the presence of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMI.PF6), as cosolvent at a concentration of 75% (VIL/VWATER) in relation to the standard reaction performed in totally aqueous medium. Similarly, this figure reached more than 350% for reactions conducted in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMI.NTf2) at the same volume fraction, while for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF4) there was only a slight increase in selectivity (about 57%). The highest conversion of 6-APA was achieved using BMI.NTf2 as cosolvent at a concentration of 71% (VIL/VWATER), representing an increase of more than 36% compared to standard aqueous reaction. No deactivation of the enzyme was observed after the reactions in any of the ILs, and the physical integrity of the biocatalyst particles was entirely maintained. The results of this work collaborated for the advance in the study of the enzymatic synthesis of semi-synthetic penicillins through the use of technologies more green .
Catalisadores de Mo suportados sobre sílica, sílica-titânia ou sílica-zircônia promovidos por Co ou Ni: avaliação do método de preparação e da composição do suporte na atividade para HDS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-04-30)
Silva Neto, Alano Vieira da
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9367351766560198
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts containing Mo, NiMo or CoMo were supported on silica, silica-titania and silica-zirconia. These supports were synthesized by the sol-gel method, using citric acid as an agent to pore formation and to complex Ti and Zr. The incorporation of the precursor salts of the active phases was done during the sol-gel preparation of the different supports (in situ addition) or by impregnation using citric acid as chelating agent. The catalysts in the oxide form were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD-NH3), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), N2 adsorption/desorption, diffuse reflectance UVVis spectroscopy (DRSUV-Vis), temperature-programmed reduction with H2 (TPR-H2) and evaluated from 240 to 300°C in the HDS of thiophene used a model molecule. Supports and catalysts showed high specific surface area and pore volume as result of the use of citric acid in the preparation of the respective sol-gel mixtures. From XRD data was evident that the citric acid promoted a high dispersion of Ti and Zr in the silica framework, because was not observed XRD peaks related to separated phases of those metals. The XRD patterns of the catalysts did not show diffraction peaks related to other species or oxides of Mo, Co or Ni, behavior that was attributed to the high dispersion of these metal species in the different supports that was confirmed by DRSUV-Vis and H2-TPR. The HDS reaction of thiophene on NiMo and CoMo catalysts showed a higher activity for the first ones, which were more active when supported on silica or silica-zirconia. This result was attributed to the higher interaction of Ni with Mo, which generated a higher degree of reducibility of the Mo species, facilitating the subsequent sulphidation process and consequently favoring the formation of the NiMoS phase, which is indicated as the main responsible of the catalyst activity in the HDS process. The lower activity of the catalysts supported in situ on SiO2-TiO2, was related to the formation of separated phases of Mo and Ni or Co sulfides, which are less active to the HDS reaction.
A memória assombrada: um estudo da autorrepresentação no documentário animado Valsa com Bashir
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-02)
Souza, Maria Ines Dieuzeide Santos
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Gamo, Alessandro Constantino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8208629144314123
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1329886287406570
This work aims to discuss processes of self-representation in animated documentaries, from the analysis of the film Waltz with Bashir (Ari Folman, 2008). With this analysis, it seeks to understand modes of articulation between the field of documentary and animation, using elements of both as a possibility of self-representation in films that are related to the shared historic world. For this purpose, it develops a reflection on the establishment of different perspectives in the field of documentary studies and the ways available for animation to create representations. In addition, it dialogues with the various historical and conceptual approaches about the animated documentary, developed significantly over the past fifteen years. Finally, it develops a critical analysis of what Bill Nichols (1994) calls performative documentary and the considerations of Michael Renov (2004) about documentaries that deal with the autobiographical, to understand the animation as a way to put the director in history and establish a continuity with the past, weaving relationships between elements of documentary and animated images that provide other senses to the reported.
Semigrupos gerados pelo p-Laplaciano e um estudo do limite p→∞
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-02)
Hurtado, Elard Juárez
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Gentile, Cláudia Buttarello
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http://lattes.ufscar.br/servlet/jpkFltGeral.cFltVisualizador?pTipoIdentif=1&pTipoRelat=1&pNroIdPessoa=147&pCodOrigemCur=0
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0455290275199042
We study the problem: (2) _∂tup − Δpup = 0, (0,∞) × Rd up(0, x) = g(x), {t = 0} × Rd ∞ > p ≥ d+1, where the initial data up(0, x) = g(x) are Lipschitz continuous, non-negative and it have compact support. Solutions of this problem provide a simplistic model for collapse of an initially unstable sandpile . We regard the limit up when p→∞as a solution for instantaneous mass transfer problem governed by Monge-Kantorovich theory. We study the case d = 1 for which we obtain explicit solutions. Keywords: p-laplacian, Monge-Kantorovich Theory, Monotone operator theory.
Monitoramento e modelagem de um poço de infiltração de águas pluviais em escala real e com filtro na tampa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-03)
Angelini Sobrinha, Lôide
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Barbassa, Ademir Paceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8800827332228128
The infiltration well as a Best Management Practices (BMPs) stands out because it requires small areas for its implementation an it´s fully applicable to urban lots. This paper presents an experimental study of an infiltration well built in real scale at Universidade Federal de São Carlos SP with the objective of evaluation its performance as a BMP in the control of stormwater runoff and the removal of suspension materials. The soil was characterized as sand loam, and infiltration capacity between 93,98 and 19,24 mm per hour, these values were obtained thought field tests by the inverted well method and the double ring infiltrometer method respectively. The Rain Envelope Method was used for sizing, and the well was intentionally sized at odds with the standards of safety project. With the electronic equipment s and the precipitation measures were monitored 22 real rain events and simulated rain events, during 11 months of the well operation. During this period there was no record of extravasation of the well, representing an efficiency of 100% in reducing the runoff. After eight months of the well operation tests were conducted about the permeability of the geotextile, and the amount of powder material in the aggregate materials content in the well, in other words, the gravel and sand making up the filter cover, and also the qualitative parameters: apparent color and turbidity. The geotextile showed permeability reductions of 50,7%, 7,7% and 21,2% in the samples from the background, the wall sides, and the cover of the well respectively. The well sand filter cover retained 34,8% of fines, while the gravel retained 0,13% for the same period. About the well efficiency analyses in the removing the parameters apparent color and turbidity, it was showed that it wasn t characterized as a treatment unit of these parameters, this fact is due to the quality of water which represents the roof inlet structure. For modeling the Puls method, the saturated soil permeability defined as K non optimized was calculated for each monitored event (Kno). Kno was adjusted by non-linear regression (K optimized - Ko) for each monitored event, restricting the parameters based on values obtained in the field tests, thus for each monitored rain event was obtained two moldings for the constant values of K (Kno and Ko). The model representativeness was evaluated by the coefficients of determination ranging from 0,68 to 0,98 for the events modeled with values from Ko and 0,02 to 0,76 for the Kno, being the Ko most representative for the modeling of Puls.
Estudo químico de Alternaria alternata patótipo tangerina em meio artificial e na interação com Guignardia citricarpa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-03)
Prieto, Kátia Roberta
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7822996803856391
The study of phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata has improved the chemical of this micro-organism. The fungus was grown up in large scale incubated in rice medium for 26 days. After grown period was interrupted an extract of the microorganism was made and fractionated using several chromatographic techniques, obtaining 11 different classes of metabolites which are: alternariol monomethyl éter, alternariol, altertoxin, altenuen, altenusin, uridine, uracila, 5 -inosil, ergosterol, peróxido de ergosterol e triglycerides. Also, a study was made via LC-MS in order to identify some toxins produced by A. alternata like a pathogen of citrus, and it was possible to identify four of these. Other research via LC-MS was the study of co-cultivation of the fungus A. alternata, the causal agent of alternaria brown spot, and Guignardia citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot. In this study was possible to observe the variation in concentration of alternariol and thenuazonic acid, mycotoxins produced by A. alternata when this fungus is in contact with G. citricarpa. The study identification of the volatiles produced by A. Alternaria in different ways contributed significantly to improve the knowledge of their chemistry. Once, the A. alternata is a pathogenic fungus of 'Murcott' a study was performed via scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Thus it was possible to observe the penetration of this fungus by stomatal cavity of young leaves of citrus. In order to search for natural inhibitors to control the disease, were tested several classes of natural products against the A. alternata, and some alkaloids, a xxvi coumarin, a xanthyletin, and a flavonoid substances showed Higher inhibition of mycelial growth, spore germination and appressorium formation. With the aim to obtain information on natural inhibitors were tested metabolites produced by A. alternata opposite and G. citricarpa, the results indicated that alternariol monomethyl ether and alternariol were substances that had a potential fungistatic against the causal agent of citrus black spot.
Novos modelos de sobrevivência com fração de cura baseados no processo da carcinogênese
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-03)
Borges, Patrick
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Rodrigues, Josemar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4359114733394761
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1282820278584540
In this dissertation we propose new models for survival with cure fraction to describe the biological mechanism of the event of interest (cancer) in studies of carcinogenesis in the presence of competing causes latent independent or correlated. The formulation of new models is based on stochastic modeling of the occurrence of tumors through three stages: initiation of a tumor not detectable, promotion and progression of the tumor to a detectable cancer. These models allow a simple pattern of the dynamics of tumor growth, and incorporate into the analysis features of the stage of tumor progression that is not possible in most survival models with cure fraction commonly used. For the proposed models, the inferential process was discussed in terms of classical and Bayesian point of view. Simulations studies were conducted in order to analyze the asymptotical properties of the classical estimation procedure. Real data applications demonstrate of use of the models.
Dos modelos classificatórios tradicionais na ciência da informação à folksonomia: um enfoque discursivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-03)
Reis, Lívia de Lima
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Severo, Cristine Gorski
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3566456623347060
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6762822437892356
This research is about the models of organization and classification of information in the field of Librarianship and Information Science, prioritizing a more dialogical form of organization of information, the folksonomy. Initially, we aim to understand, through the archaeological and genealogical Foucault s methods, the conditions of possibility of two different classification procedures, one traditional and other contemporary. For doing this, a contextualization of the field of knowledge called Librarianship and Information Science will be presented, as well as the models of information organization used, and this field s tendencies. In sequence, considering the theoretical categories derived from the works of Bakhtin and Foucault, we will analyze different forms of classification of knowledge and of language concepts that underlie them. Some of the results indicate that there is a new form of power implied in the social practice of folksonomy, understood as one collaborative tool to organize the information in the Web 2.0, in which the subjects themselves act in the regulation of discourse and in the creation of new concepts. The analytical reflections illustrate that the subjects act in a responsive way on the internet by manipulating linguistic features through the creation of tags related to different semantic universes. We also intended to locate points of resistance focusing on the linguistic and discursive practices of folksonomy as a locus of social change. The Web 2.0 works based on a dynamics of incitement and pleasure which reinforces the flow of information and online relationships, thus, folksonomy works like a type of social network which allows relationships among the subjects with the same interests through the use of a creative, collaborative and personalized way of content organization. Regarding the current trends of studies in the field of Librarianship and Information Science, folksonomy has functioned as a tool to assist the approaches that take into account the users and context of use of information in documentary languages.
Adubação verde em cultivo consorciado para produção de pimenta-biquinho (Capsicum chinense) em sistema orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-04)
Dedini, Gabriel Ferraz de Arruda
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Fontanetti, Anastácia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9879025761412751
The cultivation of peppers occurs in practically all regions of the country and is one of the crops that better integration exerts between the small farmer and the agribusiness. Thus it is desirable to develop technologies that combine the production of peppers with the conservation of natural resources, allowing recovery of soils and the economic stability of families that depend on this system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of species and managements of green manure on mineral nutrition, growth and productivity of pepper-pout (Capsicum chinense). The experiment was conducted in the agricultural year 2010/2011 at the Center for Agricultural Sciences, UFSCar, Araras-SP. The treatments were a combination between green manure species: bean (Canavalia ensiformis DC) and sunn-hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), and three forms of management of green manure in consortium with pepper-pout: green manures grown throughout the cycle of pepper, green manures managed (cut) in the flowering of pepper (75 days after transplanting, DAT), green manures handled at the first harvest of the fruits of pepper (90 DAT). And one more treatment (control), only with the pepper-pout plants, with mineral fertilization. The results showed that the species Crotalaria juncea and bean-pig conducted in consortia with plants of pepper-pout, when handled at 75 days after transplanting of vegetable crop, caused an increase in height and canopy diameter of pepper and fruit yield similar to the cultivation of pepper with exclusive use of mineral fertilizer. Overall, the releases of nutrients from biomass of green manure followed the nutritional demand of pepper plantspout, regardless of the time of cutting. But the bean-pig conducted throughout the cycle of pepper reduced fruit yield, probably by competition established between green manure and pepper.
Fenologia da floração e rede de interação entre abelhas e plantas em uma área em processo de restauração florestal localizada em Araras-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-06)
Santos, Jussara Fernanda
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Nocelli, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934724759636382
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0466415454233744
The most widely used in forest restoration projects is heterogeneous planting seedlings. This methodology was used in an area of one hectare in the restoration process implemented in 2009 on the campus of UFSCar Macaw. High values are invested in financial forest restoration especially when there is a need for planting seedlings, so the assessment and monitoring of restoration projects are legitimate concerns. Considering the importance of awareness of the availability of floral resources and ecological areas restored, and the importance of bees as pollinators in natural and agricultural areas, the overall objective of this study was to identify the pattern of flowering in the area in the restoration process, considering the period of three years after establishment. The specific objective was to evaluate the use of woody species by the community of bees visiting the flowers. To assess the availability of floral resources utilized a method of presence and absence and intensity index Fournier. Observations were made on flowers to collect the bees. It was built a network of qualitative interaction between species. This work was divided into two chapters, the first chapter deals with the characterization of the flowering phenology and plant species studied. The second chapter presents the richness of bee floral visitors observed during 2011 and describes the resources acquired by them at the time of visit, and presents the network of interactions among species. The phenological study enables to visualize the availability of flowers at certain times of the year, seven species were found planted with flowering, the period with greater timing and intensity was between January and March, the hottest season of the year and wet. There was a flowering woody species regenerating in the Solanum lycocarpum that in the colder months and dry was important for maintaining flowers in the area. We identified 20 species of bees that collected nectar and pollen. The network of interaction was 42.5% connectance and shown to be nested with heterogeny and indices T equal to 13.80 and NODF equal to 64.9. The two approaches are very important tools for monitoring and evaluating the availability of floral resources for bees visiting areas in the process of forest restoration.
Falar e calar no teatro brasileiro contemporâneo: uma análise discursiva da obra de Plínio Marcos (1958-1993)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-07)
Leppos, Denise Aparecida de Paulo Ribeiro
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Piovezani Filho, Carlos Félix
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677609008094603
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4621333559718511
La investigación propone un análisis del discurso teatral brasileño contemporáneo como expresión de las formaciones ideológicas vinculadas ciertamente a las formaciones discursivas. Más exactamente, el trabajo consiste en un enfoque discursivo de algunas piezas del dramaturgo Plínio Marcos. El corpus tendrá las siguientes obras: Barrela; Dois perdidos numa noite suja; O abajur lilás; Querô: uma reportagem maldita; O assassinato do anão do caralho grande, A dança final y Transas das sextas-feiras. El trabajo enfocará, en un primer momento, algunos aspectos de la historia teatral en que la relación teatro/política sobresalga, porque el teatro no es apenas para ser escenificado como espectáculo, sino una manera de compromiso y crítica social. Las obras presentan lo que se consideraba lenguaje coloquial, vulgar, grosero y subversivo en la época de la Dictadura Militar. Los enunciados, en los que ese tipo de lenguaje se materializa, producen efecto de sentido por medio de las formaciones discursivas en las cuales están inseridos y de sus condiciones de producción, atravesados por el contexto autoritario de las décadas de 1960/70. Por lo tanto, proponemos un análisis basado en los principios del Análisis del Discurso de línea francesa - Michel Pêcheux y su grupo-, para el cual las formaciones discursivas concebidas en un paradigma marxista derivan de formaciones ideológicas , de modo a aparecer en el discurso la lengua y la historia. Observaremos, a partir de eso, la presencia de los silencios/silenciamentos promovidos por la censura y el ambiente autoritario de la época utilizando la teoría de Eni Orlandi en el discurso de algunas piezas del Plínio Marcos, en las que el silencio es la propia condición de sentido, o sea, "el silencio es el indicio de una instancia significativa (ORLANDI, 2009, p. 68), determinando por medio de las Formaciones Discursivas lo que puede e debe ser dicho. Además, realizaremos un análisis de los tabúes linguísticos existentes en algunas de las obras citadas de Plínio Marcos, en el cual el objetivo es observar los efectos de sentido (producción de la verdad) que el coloquialismo causa para la formación de las imágenes del sujeto en una interfase lengua/discurso y sociedad-. Para alcanzar el objetivo de nuestro estudio, optamos por dividirlo en los siguientes capítulos: I) Lo dramático como institución y crítica social: el teatro en escena, II) Los silenciamientos de una formación discursiva: la censura en escena y III) Por un enfoque discursivo del registro informal de la lengua: efectos de sentido del lenguaje coloquial en Plínio Marcos.
Estado de conservação e dados de distribuição da fauna troglóbia brasileira com propostas de áreas prioritárias para proteção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-08)
Gallão, Jonas Eduardo
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Bichuette, Maria Elina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036937156228912
In this paper, we analyzed the Brazilian subterranean fauna, in relation to the actual conservation status, considering the knowledge of its biodiversity, threats to the conservation of this environment and the current legislation relevant to our speleological heritage. The work was divided into chapters, for publication purposes. In chapter I, we present faunal lists of Brazilian troglobitic species (with formal descriptions and not yet described, totaling a minimum of 252 species), their distributions, besides the main causes of destruction / threat of subterranean realm. Still, we propose the Serra do Ramalho, southwestern Bahia state, as a priority area for conservation, since the pressure mining and other factors could decimate the caves of this region biologically important. In chapter II, we discuss about the difficulties of species inclusion in the Red List, and its effective protection, with a case study of Brazilian troglobitic fishes. Problems such as the taxonomic impediment, geographical variations and inclusion only of binomials (Genus species) are discussed. In chapter III, we elected a new hotspot for neotropical subterranean fauna, quartzitic caves from Igatu, in the center region of Chapada Diamantina, central Bahia state. In addition, we tested one of the items of the Instrução Normativa No. 2 of Decreto 6640, which legislates about environmental impact studies of Brazilian caves and we demonstrate that there is not any protectionist law for our subterranean environment.
Found-footage film - documentário de arquivo: o cinema de Emile de Antonio e uma análise de In The year of the pig
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-08)
Altafini, Thiago
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Gamo, Alessandro Constantino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8208629144314123
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6662285739178985
A conceptual overview about documentaries made from archival footage, named foundfootage films. The main reference for the analysis of cinematographic production for the period prior to the year 1960 is the book Films Beget Films, published in 1964 by the American researcher Jay Leyda. This essay seeks to complement the research of Jay Leyda addressing aspects of the biography and work of American filmmaker Emile De Antonio, pointing out the relevance of your audiovisual production in the field of documentary from the use of archival material. The documentary In The Year of the Pig (1968) and his fragmentary, enigmatic and somewhat didatic historical narrative, are subjected to analysis. The goal of this study is an approximation of the De Antonio`s narrative with the concept of historical allegory in the film, according to Brazilian researcher Xavier, based on the ideas of Walter Benjamin on modernity and the role of allegory in the process of reinterpreting history and culture.