Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2012-05-18"

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Influência da estrutura da vegetação de um fragmento florestal nas características físicas e químicas da água e no funcionamento do ecossistema de um córrego rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-18)
Fernandes, Janaina de Fátima
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4250822030431392
Riparian ecosystems are being rapidly degraded due to deforestation for conversion of natural areas to agriculture, pasture, and urban development. In rural areas, riparian forest remnants can be very important for biodiversity conservation and for the maintenance and improvement of water physical and chemical characteristics as the deforested stream passes through these remnants. Here, we evaluated whether distance from the forest edge and forest structure influenced stream water physical and chemical characteristics and leaf breakdown rates, a measure of ecosystem function. Sampling was carried out from 150 m outside the remnant until 600 m inside the forest remnant. Water physical and chemical characteristics, leaf breakdown rates and riparian forest structure were evaluated at 50 m intervals until 300 m inside the remnant, and then each 100 m. Forest structure was evaluated by mean diameter at breast height, total basal area, mean canopy height, tree stratification, and tree density per plot; the variables were later reduced to the first two axes of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA), representing two gradients, 1) forest stratification vs. tree size, and 2) tree density vs. basal area. Electric conductivity and ammonium concentrations reduced as the stream passed through the remnant, whereas dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total dissolved P, organic P, silicate concentrations, and leaf breakdown rates increased along the remnant, as determined by first-order exponential models. Residual variation of these models was regressed against the first two PCA axes of forest structure. More stratified parts of the forest, with smaller trees, resulted in lower electric conductivity values and concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrite, whereas higher density of trees resulted in lower levels of total and dissolved P, but higher rates of leaf breakdown. This suggests that the distribution of fragments with different qualities of forest, with different structures possibly influences the quality of the water stream on a scale of watersheds.
Modelos de regressão binomial correlacionada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-18)
Pires, Rubiane Maria
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854480063777126
In this thesis, a class of correlated binomial regression models is proposed. The model is based on the generalized binomial distribution proposed by Luceño (1995) and Luceño & Ceballos (1995). The regression structure is modeled by using four different link functions and the dependence between the Bernoulli trials is modeled by using three different correlation structures. A data augmentation scheme is used in order to overcome the complexity of the mixture likelihood. Frequentist and Bayesian approaches are used in the model fitting process. A diagnostics analysis is provided in order to check the underlying model assumptions and to identify the presence of outliers and/or influential observations. Simulation studies are presented to illustrate the performance of the developed methodology. A real data set is analyzed by using the proposed models. Also the correlated binomial regression models is extended to include measurement error in a predictor. This new class of models is called additive normal structure correlated binomial regression models. The inference process also includes a data augmentation scheme to overcome the complexity of the mixture likelihood.
Avaliação dos pontos de apoio (ecopontos) na gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos: estudo de caso de São José do Rio Preto - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-18)
Silva, Augusto Azevedo da
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0432344275684134
The use of Support Points (AP), also known as Eco points, the integrated management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has occurred in different cities of the world and in Brazil, such practice is spreading, albeit slowly. The prospect is that such use contributes to a better management of MSW. It is necessary, however, to monitor and evaluate these procedures to ascertain their role and improve its functioning. In this sense, this research aimed to make an assessment of the system of points of support (Ecopoints) exists in the city of São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. Therefore, data were collected on these devices, such as the characteristics and condition of its facilities, the quantities and types of waste received and other operational data. Was also made, through interviews with locals and professional users, a query on the knowledge of them regarding the importance and correct use of PA. The results showed that the use of PA was effective for receiving small volums, they are delivered by the residents, transporting small loads or construction professionals. However, the data showed some inconsistencies, showing the need for more efficient management. Similarly, data on costs of implementation and operation need to be monitored because it was not possible to assess this aspect of management. With regard to consultation with users and other residents, there was a certain ignorance of the system, although part of the population will use, indicating the need for further clarification and guidance. In general, one can consider that the points of support are a device that improves the management of municipal solid waste (in the case studied, absorbs 23% of the waste generated RCC, besides presenting a reception higher when compared to other cities), but it is necessary an efficient and dynamic to fulfill more effectively its role and not be considered only as irregular depositions that became "organized" by the municipal administration.
Textos de divulgação científica para o ensino de química: características e possibilidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-18)
Ferreira, Luciana Nobre de Abreu
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Queiroz, Salete Linhares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7925870606416937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964577964173620
In recent years, researchers in science education have showed the potential of popular science texts (PST) to promote several benefits to students. Thus, investigated in this work aspects that may contribute to the discussion about the didactic use of PST in teaching chemistry. By the way, the main objectives of this work are: to select and to analyze articles published into Ciência Hoje Magazine from 2004 to 2009 witch aim was to discuss some of their features; elaborate and analyze a didactic strategy with PST, in order to understand the functioning of reading the same in the classroom; investigate the trajectory of pre-service chemistry teachers during of the preparing and implementing PST classes making. The articles were analyzed according to the content and the structure based on an analytical tool proposed by Kawamura and colleagues and the characteristics of popular scientific discourse according to Zamboni's considerations. This analysis revealed that the articles have different characteristics, although the same conditions of production, specifically with the features of scientific, didactic and laic discourses. These distinctions are positive considering that their didactic possibilities provided that they allow the teachers to be aware of those characteristics and select texts in accordance with to their didactic goals. The trajectory analysis of pre-service chemistry teachers, we made considerations about the chosen PST, their pedagogical aim, the strategies designed to make use of PST and its functioning in the classroom. Also presented the results of the three trainees preparing and practice using PST in classroom and the types of discourses appropriated by students chemistry teacher, which was based on Discourse Analysis French Line, specifically discourse typology, developed by Orlandi. The typology results demonstrated transitions from a pedagogic discourse, predominantly authoritarian, to a polemical discourse, the suggested a teaching practice not centered on the teacher. The results from the measures in high school with PST, based on the discourse typology and authorship, beyond Orlandi s author conception, showed that the interactions established between students and teacher in the moment of the reading and the discussion about PST. It was used as a basis for encouraging discussions and contextualization the theme. The conditions of production do not favored the charging of unique responses, practice which promotes the exercise of repetition without reflection. In students' written production was possible perceive meanings expanded about the studied theme. The impressions of students about the teaching proposal demonstrate their good reception of it and indicate their contributions.
Análise da estrutura filogeográfica das espécies do grupo Pilosocereus Aurisetus (Cactaceae) utilizando marcadores moleculares do genoma do cloroplasto (cpDNA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-18)
Bonatelli, Isabel Aparecida da Silva
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Moraes, Evandro Marsola de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3100796431732251
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9946082913752883
PILOSOCEREUS AURISETUS is a taxonomic group composed by eight columnar cacti species occurring on rock outcrops in xeric environments. As other xerophitic species found outside the Caatinga domain, the species populations of P. AURISETUS group exhibit a disjunct distribution pattern within the Cerrado domain in central and eastern Brazil. Such a distribution pattern may have resulted from long-distance dispersal events or fragmentation of a more extensive distribution in the past. The main goal of this work was identify demographic events that possibly shaped the evolutionary history of the group and resulted in the current biogeographic pattern. In the present work, phylogenetic analyses and phylogeographical inferences were implemented using the nucleotide variation of plastid genomic sequences. The phylogenetic analyses showed the absence of reciprocal monophyly for great part of the species and the occurring of quite divergent species from the others of the group: P. jauruensis, P. aureispinus e P. bohlei. In addition, P. machrisii populations formed two distinct clades highly supported by the phylogeny which partly agree with the geographic distribution of the species (north and central-south). Population analyses and phylogeographical inferences allowed the identification of the diversification origin of the group and the possible expansion and fragmentation events which determined the evolutionary pathway of the populations. The genetic variability level and the genetic structure observed alongside the current distribution pattern of the populations and biological information about the species suggest that fragmentation events were the main responsible for the biogeographical pattern of the group, which should be related to the palioclimatic oscillations of the Quaternary.
Análise das condições de desaguamento de lodos de ETEs em BAG's: o caso da ETE-Limoeiro - Presidente Prudente-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-21)
Boina, Welliton Leandro de Oliveira
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8710752577794108
Substances in Sewage Sanitary exert deleterious effects on bodies of water; the organic matter which is present may cause a decrease in concentration of dissolved oxygen, killing fish and other aquatic organisms, eutrophication by the presence of nutrients causing an accelerated growth of algae that give odor, taste and biotoxins to the water,darkening and siltation of the watercourse. In this scenario, it is of great importance the need for sewage treatment. However, in the treatment process, occurs the production of sludge rich in organic matter and nutrients, known as sewage sludge. This residue at the end of the treatment process should receive special attention, requiring proper disposal. Moreover, it is found that several sewage treatment projects do not include the final destination of the sludge that is produced, which results in the partial annulment of the benefits of collecting and treating collected wastewater. Therefore, this study presents results of analyzes performed on sludge from sewage treatment contained in BAG's of Geotextile Blanket of ETE-Limoeiro / SABESP, located in the city of Presidente Prudente, SP. The objective of this work was to characterize the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters in accordance with Resolution N° 375/06 of Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente CONAMA, and evaluate the efficiency of dewatering of sludge. Based on this, the analysis of identification and quantification of heavy metals showed values below the maximum allowed concentrations in sludge. Regarding the assessment of macro and micronutrients, analysis showed that the sludge has significant amounts of essential nutrients to the soil and plants and it can be used for this purpose after specific treatment. Regarding the biological tests for quantification of fecal coliforms, the obtained concentrations showed values that were established for the sludge Class B. The sludge was also evaluated for stability using the relation between volatile solids and total solids. This relation presented results for SV/ST below 0.70 which allowed defining the sludge as stable according to Resolution 375/06. However, the evaluation of the water removal process showed commitment of the dewatering efficiency according to the characteristics of the sludge generated in the Sewage Treatment Plant. Geotêxtil da ETE-Limoeiro / SABESP, localizada no Município de Presidente Prudente-SP. O objetivo central desta pesquisa foi à caracterização dos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos em conformidade com a Resolução Nº 375/06 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente CONAMA, e a avaliação da eficiência do processo de remoção de água dos lodos. Ante o exposto, as análises para identificação e quantificação de metais pesados apresentaram valores abaixo das concentrações máximas permitidas em lodos. Em relação à avaliação de macro e micronutrientes, as análises demonstraram que o lodo possui quantidades significativas de nutrientes essenciais aos solos e plantas, podendo ser utilizado para esta finalidade após tratamento específico. Referente às análises biológicas para quantificação de coliformes termotolerantes, as concentrações obtidas apresentaram valores estabelecidos para lodos Classe B. Os lodos também foram avaliados quanto à estabilidade através da relação entre sólidos voláteis e sólidos totais. Esta relação apresentou resultados para SV/ST inferiores a 0,70 permitindo definir os lodos como estáveis de acordo com a Resolução 375/06. Entretanto, avaliação do processo de remoção de água, demonstrou comprometimento da eficiência do desaguamento em função das características do lodo gerado na Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos.
Alterações agudas no metabolismo energético de ratos submetidos ao exercício resistido em escada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-22)
Silvestre, João Guilherme de Oliveira
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7507016341078681
Previous animal s research has shown that many protocols with aimed to mimic human exercise has been used. The endurance protocols are studied very often however, some difficulties are encountered to produce resistance exercise protocols. Some animal models of resistance training have been used, as jumping exercise. Among these, stands out the rat model performed on ladder with healthy and unhealthy animals. However, the energy system and acute physiological responses associated with this protocol have not been determined. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute metabolic characteristics and the acute effects on indirect biomarkers of muscular microtrauma of acute resistance exercise performed on ladder. Fifty males Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: Exercise (E) and Control (C). The animals of E group climbed a vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails. The session was performed once with 4 9 climbs. The lactate concentration increased at the beginning of training and there was a tendency to stabilize the blood lactate during the exercise session. Serum corticosterone found in E group was significantly higher (59%; p<0.05) when compared to C group. There was no difference between free fatty acids (24% p=0.109), in the liver (8%; p=0.575) and in the gastrocnemius fatty acids content (17%; p=0.219). The glycogen in liver (42%; p<0.05) and soleus (56%; p<0.05) were different between groups. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Creatine Kinase (CK) activities were significantly higher (LDH 32%; CK 27%; p<0.05) in the E than in the C group. The results suggest that this protocol is a high intensity exercise able to induce an increase in the lactate concentration at the beginning of exercise. Moreover, there were increases in indirect markers of muscle microtrauma in rats after a single exhaustive session. However, the lactate concentration was low, suggesting that the aerobic metabolism is an important factor during the intervals between the series of climbing.
Campos localmente resolúveis, espaços de Hardy e extensão de funções CR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-23)
Liboni Filho, Paulo Antonio
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Hounie, Jorge Guillermo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7302904386484949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2231598823550786
Suppose that M is a smooth submanifold of CN and that L = ∪z∈CnLz is the Cauchy- Riemann structure associated to the N-dimensional complex space. For each p ∈ M we can consider the vector space Ap = CTpM ∩ Lp. If the reunion of those fibers originates a locally integrable structure, then we are going to say that M is a CR submanifold with CR structure A = ∪p∈MAp. It immediately follows that if h is a holomorphic application defined in a certain neighborhood U ⊃ M, then A(h|M) = 0. If we consider a distribution u ∈ D′(M) such that Au = 0, then one can asks: is there a holomorphic application h defined in certain open set U such that h|M = u? The question, as it is, can be paraphrased as: is there any analytic extension of the CR distribution u? The answer is negative and there are several examples one can create. Consider a quadric application q : Cm × Cm −→ Cd and the manifold given by M = {(w, t) ∈ Cm × Cd,ℑt = q(w,w)}. Boggess has proved in [Bog01] that all Lp CR distributions in M (with p ≥ 1) admit a holomorphic extension to the interior of the convex hull of M. In this work, we are going to address the same question, but we are going to deal with CR distributions that are in hp with p > 0. Since hp(M) = Lp(M) if p > 1, then our result can be understood as an extension of the original Boggess theorem. The main ingredient of your work is a version of the Baouendi-Treves Approximation Theorem.
Decomposição de macrófitas aquáticas em dois reservatórios com diferentes estados tróficos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-23)
Rocha, Rinaldo José da Silva
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3916467877386034
The macrophytes are essential for the development and maintenance of food webs, to carbon dynamics and nutrient cycling in tropical aquatic systems. After senescence and plant death, decomposition of organic detritus depends heavily on their elemental compositions. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of seasonality and trophic state of reservoirs and Vigário Lajes on the mass losses of detritus of Salvinia auriculata, Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Sagittaria montevidensis and Brachiaria subquadripara, the influence of elemental composition of debris on the coefficients decay of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and the stoichiometric ratios between these elements during the decomposition process. Over 120 days, the richest detritus in nutrients and less refractory (S. montevidensis and P. stratiotes) showed a biphasic pattern of decay and the greater decay of carbon (70-90%), phosphorus (90-96%) and nitrogen (68-94%). The poorest and refractories detritus (S. auriculata and E. crassipes) had lower rates of decay, with monophasic and biphasic patterns and lower mass loss in carbon-based (20-34%), phosphorus-based (26%), and nitrogen-based (10- 37%). As for the difference between the environments, the total mass loss of carbon was up to 70% higher during the rainy season (Sept/10 to Jan/11) and 27% higher in the dry season (may/11 to Sep/11) for detritus S. auriculata incubated in the reservoir Vigário; for the detritus of B. subquadripara total mass loss was also greater in this reservoir, reaching 58% in the rainy season and 36% during the dry season. The minor differences between the environments occurred in the mass loss of carbon detritus of S. montevidensis, (ca. 1.3% and 0.3% in rainfall in the dry season) and P. stratiotes (ca. 5.3% in the rainy season and 5.5% in the dry season). Yet these detritus showed the greatest losses of phosphorus (90-95%) and nitrogen (68-94%) in both experiments. The minor differences between the environments occurred in the mass loss of carbon detritus of S. montevidensis, (ca. 1.3% and 0.3% in the rainy season in the dry season) and P. stratiotes (ca. 5.3% and 5.5% in the rainy season in the dry season). Yet these detritus showed the greatest losses of phosphorus (90-95%) and nitrogen (68-94%) in both experiments. The ratio between carbon and nitrogen was higher in detritus of S. auriculata and E. crassipes in oligotrophic reservoir, and lower in detritus of S. montevidensis and P. stratiotes, whose mass loss coefficients (k) were higher.
O planejamento da disciplina de língua inglesa da terceira série do ensino médio e suas relações com a proposta curricular do estado de São Paulo e o currículo de Língua Estrangeira Moderna
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-24)
Massarotto, Fábio Arruda
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Barbirato, Rita de Cassia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7343688723603671
In this bibliographic and documental research, our aim is to investigate what kind of relationship may be established between the current Curricular Proposal (CP) of the State of São Paulo, the Modern Foreign Language Curriculum (MFLC) and the English course planning which underlies the Teacher s books (TBs) and Student s books (SBs) designed by São Paulo Department of Education for the third year of high school. The central argument of this study is to understand those documents, since they serve as orientation for teacher practice in São Paulo public schools. We assume that teachers should not be mere implementers, but they need to develop a critical eye toward the theoretical bases that underlie those proposals, as it is possible the occurrence of divergences among them. In order to achieve our aim, we drew a plan divided into three parts. First, we turned to authors who address issues related to concepts of language, learning, literacy, genders and course planning so that we could build the theoretical references that would guide us to answer the first question of this research: How is the underlying planning of the new São Paulo teaching materials (TBs and SBs) for the third year of high school constituted? Then, we described and analyzed the CP, the MFLC and the course planning. We used categories in order to understand the organization of the latter and establish the relationship with the first and second documents: type of course planning, grammar and vocabulary teaching, reading and writing teaching, assessment and view of language learning prioritized in the course planning. We finished the research by trying to answer the second question of this investigation: What kind of relationship may be established among the CP, the MFLC and the course planning embodied in the Teacher s and Student s books? Through the analysis we could discover that there are divergences between the theoretical and methodological aspects idealized in both CP and MFLC and the materialized ones in the course planning, especially when it comes to the teaching of reading, writing, grammar and vocabulary.
Cachaça orgânica: qualidade e influência dos métodos de preparo da matéria-prima
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-24)
Silva, João Henrique do Nascimento e
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Margarido, Luiz Antonio Correia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5685663057214334
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9480055990070200
This work aimed to evaluate the physical-chemical and acceptance of sugarcane spirit produced with juice originated from different preparations of organic sugarcane. It was used the sugarcane variety RB867515 in the following treatments: A = crush of sugarcane with straw and bark, B = crush of sugarcane without straw and with bark, C = crush of sugarcane without straw and bark, and D = crush of sugarcane internodes without straw and bark. The distillate of sugarcane spirit was produced at the Laboratory of Organic Agriculture and Foods in the Center for Agricultural Science (CCA)/Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) situated at Araras, São Paulo State, Brazil. The fermentation of juice was developed in four fermentation vessels of stainless steel plates with 1000L capacity (each one fermentation vessels received the juice from treatments) using industrial yeast (8g / L) for each one. Were measured the following physical-chemical properties: total acidity, esters, aldehydes, higher alcohols, methanol, cupper and pH. The distillate were evaluated for color, aroma, flavor, body and overall impression, using sevenpoint hedonic scale ranging from "really liked" to "dislike very much." Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test to verify differences between the means (p ≤ 0.05). The results of acceptance tests and physicalchemical analysis showed that the sugarcane spirit with better acceptance among consumers was that one produced from sugarcane without straw and with bark, and the sugarcane spirit with the lowest acceptance was that one produced from the juice extracted from the internodes.
O papel dos sistemas agroflorestais na recuperação da qualidade do solo no assentamento Sepé Tiarajú, SP, na percepção dos agricultores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-25)
Junqueira, Alexandre da Costa
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Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1646358534097663
Agroforestry systems have been an alternative of agricultural production that combine food production with the recovery and conservation of the natural resources in the settlement Sepé-Tiarajú; first SDP (Sustainable Development Project) settlement in the State of São Paulo and located in the sugarcane region of Ribeirão Preto (SP). This study evaluates the effects of agroforestry systems on soil quality; using 10 qualitative indicators of soil quality; comparing the moment when there were no SAFs with the present moment. For this; semistructured interviews were made and the reports of 10 farmers were analysed qualitatively. The results obtained showed that the SAFs contributed to reduce soil compaction; erosion control; increase of humidity retention; soil darkening; increased occurrence of indicator plants of good quality soil; improvement in growth; development; appearance and production of crops; increased occurrence of worms; insects and other organisms in soil and reduction of pest and diseases attacks.
Textos da Revista Ciência Hoje como recurso didático : análise e possibilidades de uso no ensino médio de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-25)
Cantanhede, Severina Coelho da Silva
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Queiroz, Salete Linhares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7925870606416937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6339973892203174
This research investigated the use of popular science texts (PST) related to chemistry published in magazine Ciência Hoje (sections O Leitor Pergunta and Mundo de Ciência) between 2004 and 2008 and analyzed a teaching strategy based on the use of those texts. The objective of this study is to understand how they can be used in high school chemistry classes and discuss features that can assist teachers in using them as a didactic resource based on the studies of Salém and Kawamura (1999), Ribeiro and Kawamura (2005), Amaral et al. (2006) and Ferreira (2009). A significant number of articles in this area were found in the magazine Ciência Hoje: a total of 133 articles in the period investigated (all sections), from which 32 were found in the section the O Leitor Pergunta and 41 in the section Mundo de Ciência. The articles found in the two sections studied include those that address chemistry-related content, those that deal with transverse themes (especially Health and Environment), and those that deal with frontier themes (physics, cosmology, biochemistry, etc.). Thus, teachers who decide to use PST as a didactic resource in chemistry teaching have a large and varied collection of texts to choose from in this magazine. In order to facilitate the selection of texts, a guide was created for teachers including the contents (chemistry, transverse themes, and frontier themes; general chemistry, physical chemistry, and organic chemical) for each PST analyzed. A specific analysis of the content and form of the PST was also thoroughly performed considering the topic under study, the characteristics of scientific activities present in those texts, the language adopted, structure, and visual resources. This magazine addresses a wide range of topics, and most of them mention the construction of scientific knowledge and scientific culture. The language adopted in the majority of the PSCs is accessible to the general public since the authors use tools such as analogy and metaphors in an attempt to facilitate the understanding of the texts. In the O Leitor Pergunta section, all texts are considered medium-size texts (270-600 words), while in Mundo de Ciência section, the texts are small (less than 270 words) and large (more than 600 words). Both sections provide integrated reading since only a very few PST include disconnected parts from the main text. There are similarities between the texts of the two sections with spect to the use of visual resources, which include everything from photos to diagrams. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of PSCs is highly recommended in chemistry teaching since they offer students an opportunity for a stimulating and interesting reading (most texts are medium sized and address a variety of topics in accessible language) with aspects related to the nature of science. Moreover, the articles studied are related to concepts of Science-Technology-Society. The results of the teaching strategy proposed corroborate the points made earlier. This teaching strategy was well received by students and provided them with a better understanding of the nature of science and topics addressed in the classroom through the reading and discussion of the PST.
Cromatografia quiral em escala preparativa: estudo de casos e aplicação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-25)
Lourenço, Tiago de Campos
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7899438213629513
Different types of preparative chromatography techniques were applied to the enantiomeric purification of a series of chiral drugs. The efficiency of multicolumn chromatography with variable zones (VARICOL®) process and also the application for the resolution of drugs modafinil, atenolol and albendazole sulfoxide were investigated and is fully discussed in this work. The initial conditions for the separations were determined by theoretical simulation, using the software HELP 10.3 by Novasep®. For the modafinil separation, different feed concentrations were evaluated for the same zone distribution and period. The most efficient process provided 96.0% of enantiomeric purities for both enantiomers with a production rate of 2.24 g/dia. The enantiomers of albendazole sulfoxide were separated by the VARICOL® process, and the enantiomeric purities obtained were of 99.5% and 99.0% for rafinate and extract, respectively, with a production rate of, approximately, 2.0 g/dia. For both developed method, the mobile phase used was exclusively methanol, which was recovered around 95 %. Atenolol was efficiently enantiorresolved by CHIRALCEL OD®, however, the enantiomers were not obtained with high purities by the VARICOL® process due to their low solubility in the mobile phase and the high cycle time. This work describes also, for the first time, the absolute configuration of albendazole sulfoxide as (−)-(S) and (+)-(R)- enantiomers.To this end, vibrational circular dichroim and theoretical calculations were applied. The albendazol sulfoxide enantiomers were used for In Vitro tests against Taenia Solium cysts, the macroscopic, the microscopic and the biochemical behavior for the cysts were evaluated; (+)-(R)-albendazole sulfoxide was the enantiomer with the highest anthelmintic effect. Elution chromatography was used for the resolution of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and omeprazole. MDMA was separated by the use of recycling in mass overload conditions, enantiomeric purities of 99.0% and 96.0% were obtained for (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)- MDMA, respectively, with production rate of 40.0 mg/mL. Racemic MDMA and both enantiomers were used to evaluate oxidative stress status parameters. The enantiomers showed distinct effects in the liver redox state with the (R)-(−)- enantiomer being the responsible for the highest oxidative damage. For omeprazole separation, stack injections with mass overload was used, a production rate of 1.10 g/dia and high enantiomeric purities (99.0%) were attained and for this process, furthemore the mobile phase was totally recycled.
Complexos fosfínicos de Ru(II) e Ru(III) com fármacos anti-tuberculose e seus derivados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-25)
Cunha, Lucas Vinicius Pozzi da
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3169524306564408
In this work were synthesized ruthenium complexes using pyrazinamide (PZA), a first-line drug in the treatment of tuberculosis, as well as isonicotinamide (ins) and isonicotinic acid (INA), isoniazid derivatives, as ligand. The reason why some drugs are been used as ligand is to enhance their activit or minimize the side effects. These mer-[RuCl3(dppb)(L)] (L = INA, PZA and ins) complexes was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, FTIR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis and conductivity. Electrochemical studies showed the presence of Ru (III) and other species, both binuclear and mononuclear that are generate in solution by a specific potential application, as described in the literature for mer-[RuCl3(dppb)(H2O)]. The assignment of the main absorption bands in FTIR spectra showed the appearance of metal-ligand bonds. The UV-Vis spectra showed three bands related to ligand charge transfer to the metal (LMCT), and the neutrality of these complexes was confirmed by conductivity. The series of complexes [RuCl(ins)(dppb)(N-N)]PF6 was characterized by NMR, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, FTIR, UV-Vis, X ray diffraction, elemental analysis and conductivity. The presence of two doublets in the NMR spectra showed that the phosphorus atoms are not equivalent. When the chloride ligand is exchanged by a N-heterocyclic ligand the redox potential was increased if compared with the precursor complex potential, due to the nature of the π-receptor ligand ins. The crystal structures of complexes [RuCl(ins)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 and [RuCl(ins)(dppb)(phen)]PF6 were determined by X ray and were suggested that the ins ligand is in trans position to the phosphorus atom of dppb. The conductivity indicated the presence of an anion PF6, stabilizing the complexes. Anti-M. tuberculosis and cytotoxicity studies were performed for these complexes [RuCl(ins)(dppb)(N-N)]PF6 and mer-[RuCl3(dppb)(L)] and their respective free ligands.
Desenvolvimento de um método para levantamento de tecnologias de materiais empregados no trem de força automotivo (powertrain) a partir de patentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-27)
Rocco, Giordanno Coscelli
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Gregolin, José Angelo Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842651773105125
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1794494609419544
This research approaches the study from patents of technologies for materials used in power train of motor vehicles, to provide additional information in order to support decision making in this universe, especially in the selection of materials and their processing. The powertrain is currently the most important subsystem in a car, being appointed as chief in the changes and technological developments that will happen in the context of the automotive industry. In this sense, the technologies of materials and their processing, and methods of selection of the latter assume a key role as a vector for change, providing alternatives that meet the new demands and challenges set by the consumer market and regulations, such as: Cost reduction; Weight Reduction (for fuel economy) Environment (fuel economy, reduced emissions, alternative fuels, recycling); Security; Comfort; Customization / variability, and product(s) design. To raise and analyze technical information on materials and its correlation with the market, and their trends, it was used the techniques of technological forecasting and competitive intelligence, and the analysis of patents as the primary tool, aided by the use of specific treatment information software, bibliometric analysis and content analysis. There was emphasis on materials involving low density, good mechanical properties, and good performance in relation to surface phenomena and wear, such as lubricants, aluminum, steel, ceramics, polymers, composites, nanotechnology, among others. Were investigated in more detail the technologies involving aluminum and magnesium, it was possible to identify an emphasis on processing techniques involving surface coating and casting. As for the biggest depositors of patents, the focus is for companies like General Electric, Nippondenso, and Japanese automakers like Toyota, Nissan, Honda and Mitsubishi.
A consolidação institucional do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST) na longa Constituinte (1987-2004)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-29)
Freitas, Lígia Barros de
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1456376742053508
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the political performance of the Superior Labor Court (TST) and the Legislative Power in the context of changes to the Labor Law between 1987 and 2004. To reach this objective, we analyze the internal procedure of TST, classify the institutional changes factors responsible for altering the political performance of the TST in the course of the constituent process in the Constituent Assembly (ANC) during the 1987/1988 period, as well as in the constituent reform process in the Judiciary Power Reform (which gave rise to the Constitutional Amendment 24/1999 and Constitutional Amendment 45/2004). Likewise, these aspects of institutional change generated changes in the direction of jurisprudence and the policy of judiciary organization of the TST. In the ANC of 1987/1988, the political performance of the TST, which did not represent the Labor Court, returned to the constitutional articles of its structure and expertise, and attained little public visibility. In the Judiciary Power Reform, the TST started to participate in public hearings, increasing its public visibility and legitimizing itself as an outlet to represent the Labor Court when facing other powers, as well as about human rights issues related to employment. Therefore, this research reflects the support of the legislative model of labor relations in Brazil in the institutional consolidation process of the TST.
Ação antibacteriana de nanopartículas de prata em Poli (ácido lático): PLA e estudo da biodegradação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-29)
Gibelli, Izabel Cristina
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2113294343593450
The biological contamination causes a great depth of concern in the polymers industry, whose materials are used for food packaging. Most of the bacteria are associated to a biofilm; complex microbial ecosystem, well structured; thus, it is essential to search for alternatives which can provide the reduction of biofilm accumulation on the surface. One of the alternatives is the usage of nanomaterial for such control. One example of such material is the silver nanoparticle. The human activities produce a lot of residue which have hard decomposition. Research and production with biodegradable plastic open space to a new market by being driven to ecological awareness. One example of such plastic is Poli (lactic acid) (PLA). The aim of such research was to evaluate the anti-bacterial, biodegradable and inhibitory action in the shaping of biofilms on the modified PLA with silver nanoparticle in concentrations of 0,3, 0,5, 1,0 and 1,5 %. Standard strain Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used for the antibacterial activity evaluation, through the Japanese regulation JIS Z 2801:2000. For the biofilm inhibition evaluation, the samples were incubated with biofilm forming strains from S. aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a constant shaking and evaluated in 1, 3 and 7 days. The samples were buried with a humidity air system for observation of natural degradation in organic soil, in favor of its bacterial growing for 328 days. The results show that the silver antibacterial action was around 70% for E. coli and a small inhibition of biofilm was observed on the third day for E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The PLA natural biodegradation was stable for the mass loss as well as he significantly loss of molar mass. The analysis of the compound presented good distribution and bad dispersion, which could have influenced on the antibacterial activity. New process methods for the nanoparticle incorporation must be carried out for better dispersion and availability of PLA silver surface.
Análise das metodologias do sistema das Nações Unidas de indicadores de desenvolvimento humano sustentável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-29)
Sartori, André Giovanini de Oliveira
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Silva, Ricardo Siloto da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4597905144677073
This paper analyzes the capacity that systems of indicators and synthesis-indicators; made or based on adapted methodologies developed by UN; have to operationalize the phenomenon about human and sustainable development; in the urban environment scale. The aim is to identify; systematize and analyze how the component variables of urban environment are approached by every set of indicators studied; relating the strengths and weaknesses of them for the utilization as information tools; to support decision making; within the scope of planning and urban management. The following synthesis-indicators selected are: Municipal Human Development Index (IDH-M) and Paulista Index of Social Responsibility (IPRS); the systems of indicators: Sustainable Development Index (IDS); Millennium Development Goals (ODM); GEO Cities Methodology and Habitat Agenda Indicators. The research method is based on analysis of collected indicators according to their treatment relative to the Bellagio Principles (IISD; 2000); and also regarding to the common variables of planning and management of urban environment; which are set as sanitation; habitation; environment; mobility; security and education. The results show that synthesis indicators and systems indicators studied are both not appropriate; rather in relation to meeting Bellagio Principles; than regarding the coverage of common variables to planning and management of urban environment. The synthesis indicators show their qualities to effective communication and guiding vision and goals; whereas systems of indicators show advantages on assessment capability of the system itself. Regarding to the strengths and weaknesses of the set of indicators studied for the utilization in urban planning; the utilization of these indicators; as information tools in decision making process; tends to be done in an indirect way. As a final conclusion of this paper; outstands that the utilization of indicators tends to be considered as a way to help to understand our daily routine. Nowadays; the systems of indicators and synthesis indicators available do not meet ideal conditions to analyze the urban environment in a holistic perspective; because there are weaknesses and gaps that harm its operation.
Produção e transporte do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis para a pesca amadora: uma alternativa sustentável?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-30)
Vaz, Luciano Jensen
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Verani, José Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6586699572667482
As well as being popular and growing worldwide, sport fisheries are considered an important recreational, economic and social activity that propels a wide production chain and generates employment and income. The major species of marine shrimp used as live bait in the Brazilian coast used as live bait in sport fishing are: white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti and pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and Farfantepenaeus paulensis, all of them included in the list of overexploited species. Although the shrimp are caught in estuaries throughout the year, the main period of capture occurs in the summer months. This fact produces significant fluctuations in the catch throughout the year, occurring in situations that greatly reduced catches. In view of these facts, the cultivation of shrimps for bait production could become an important tool for conservation and regulation of the market for live bait. Thus, the studies that comprise this thesis were directed to the production of pink shrimp F. brasiliensis in biofloc system and management studies related to transportation of shrimp as live bait. From the results observed in thesis, it was observed that there is already a well established method for the production of post-larvae of F. brasiliensis this phase is not an obstacle for the production of live bait. Furthermore, the results show that F. brasiliensis has a potential for the cultivation in biofloc system and can be reared in a stocking density of up to 100 shrimp/m² during the nursery stage and in a density of up to 75 shrimp/m² during the grow-out phase. Finally, it was observed that for the transport of F. brasiliensis the water temperature should be between 16 and 19 °C and stocking density should not exceed 3 shrimp / L or (16.5 g / L), the transport is recommended for a maximum of 10 hours to prevent mortality. Therefore, according to all data obtained in this thesis, post-larvae production, cultivation in biofloc system and transportation of F. brasiliensis to be used as live bait proved to be technically viable solutions to meet the needs of sport fisheries.