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A consolidação institucional do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST) na longa Constituinte (1987-2004)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-29)
Freitas, Lígia Barros de
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1456376742053508
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the political performance of the Superior Labor Court (TST) and the Legislative Power in the context of changes to the Labor Law between 1987 and 2004. To reach this objective, we analyze the internal procedure of TST, classify the institutional changes factors responsible for altering the political performance of the TST in the course of the constituent process in the Constituent Assembly (ANC) during the 1987/1988 period, as well as in the constituent reform process in the Judiciary Power Reform (which gave rise to the Constitutional Amendment 24/1999 and Constitutional Amendment 45/2004). Likewise, these aspects of institutional change generated changes in the direction of jurisprudence and the policy of judiciary organization of the TST. In the ANC of 1987/1988, the political performance of the TST, which did not represent the Labor Court, returned to the constitutional articles of its structure and expertise, and attained little public visibility. In the Judiciary Power Reform, the TST started to participate in public hearings, increasing its public visibility and legitimizing itself as an outlet to represent the Labor Court when facing other powers, as well as about human rights issues related to employment. Therefore, this research reflects the support of the legislative model of labor relations in Brazil in the institutional consolidation process of the TST.
Ação antibacteriana de nanopartículas de prata em Poli (ácido lático): PLA e estudo da biodegradação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-29)
Gibelli, Izabel Cristina
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2113294343593450
The biological contamination causes a great depth of concern in the polymers industry, whose materials are used for food packaging. Most of the bacteria are associated to a biofilm; complex microbial ecosystem, well structured; thus, it is essential to search for alternatives which can provide the reduction of biofilm accumulation on the surface. One of the alternatives is the usage of nanomaterial for such control. One example of such material is the silver nanoparticle. The human activities produce a lot of residue which have hard decomposition. Research and production with biodegradable plastic open space to a new market by being driven to ecological awareness. One example of such plastic is Poli (lactic acid) (PLA). The aim of such research was to evaluate the anti-bacterial, biodegradable and inhibitory action in the shaping of biofilms on the modified PLA with silver nanoparticle in concentrations of 0,3, 0,5, 1,0 and 1,5 %. Standard strain Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used for the antibacterial activity evaluation, through the Japanese regulation JIS Z 2801:2000. For the biofilm inhibition evaluation, the samples were incubated with biofilm forming strains from S. aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a constant shaking and evaluated in 1, 3 and 7 days. The samples were buried with a humidity air system for observation of natural degradation in organic soil, in favor of its bacterial growing for 328 days. The results show that the silver antibacterial action was around 70% for E. coli and a small inhibition of biofilm was observed on the third day for E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The PLA natural biodegradation was stable for the mass loss as well as he significantly loss of molar mass. The analysis of the compound presented good distribution and bad dispersion, which could have influenced on the antibacterial activity. New process methods for the nanoparticle incorporation must be carried out for better dispersion and availability of PLA silver surface.
Análise das metodologias do sistema das Nações Unidas de indicadores de desenvolvimento humano sustentável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-29)
Sartori, André Giovanini de Oliveira
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Silva, Ricardo Siloto da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4597905144677073
This paper analyzes the capacity that systems of indicators and synthesis-indicators; made or based on adapted methodologies developed by UN; have to operationalize the phenomenon about human and sustainable development; in the urban environment scale. The aim is to identify; systematize and analyze how the component variables of urban environment are approached by every set of indicators studied; relating the strengths and weaknesses of them for the utilization as information tools; to support decision making; within the scope of planning and urban management. The following synthesis-indicators selected are: Municipal Human Development Index (IDH-M) and Paulista Index of Social Responsibility (IPRS); the systems of indicators: Sustainable Development Index (IDS); Millennium Development Goals (ODM); GEO Cities Methodology and Habitat Agenda Indicators. The research method is based on analysis of collected indicators according to their treatment relative to the Bellagio Principles (IISD; 2000); and also regarding to the common variables of planning and management of urban environment; which are set as sanitation; habitation; environment; mobility; security and education. The results show that synthesis indicators and systems indicators studied are both not appropriate; rather in relation to meeting Bellagio Principles; than regarding the coverage of common variables to planning and management of urban environment. The synthesis indicators show their qualities to effective communication and guiding vision and goals; whereas systems of indicators show advantages on assessment capability of the system itself. Regarding to the strengths and weaknesses of the set of indicators studied for the utilization in urban planning; the utilization of these indicators; as information tools in decision making process; tends to be done in an indirect way. As a final conclusion of this paper; outstands that the utilization of indicators tends to be considered as a way to help to understand our daily routine. Nowadays; the systems of indicators and synthesis indicators available do not meet ideal conditions to analyze the urban environment in a holistic perspective; because there are weaknesses and gaps that harm its operation.
Produção e transporte do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis para a pesca amadora: uma alternativa sustentável?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-30)
Vaz, Luciano Jensen
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Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6586699572667482
As well as being popular and growing worldwide, sport fisheries are considered an important recreational, economic and social activity that propels a wide production chain and generates employment and income. The major species of marine shrimp used as live bait in the Brazilian coast used as live bait in sport fishing are: white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti and pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and Farfantepenaeus paulensis, all of them included in the list of overexploited species. Although the shrimp are caught in estuaries throughout the year, the main period of capture occurs in the summer months. This fact produces significant fluctuations in the catch throughout the year, occurring in situations that greatly reduced catches. In view of these facts, the cultivation of shrimps for bait production could become an important tool for conservation and regulation of the market for live bait. Thus, the studies that comprise this thesis were directed to the production of pink shrimp F. brasiliensis in biofloc system and management studies related to transportation of shrimp as live bait. From the results observed in thesis, it was observed that there is already a well established method for the production of post-larvae of F. brasiliensis this phase is not an obstacle for the production of live bait. Furthermore, the results show that F. brasiliensis has a potential for the cultivation in biofloc system and can be reared in a stocking density of up to 100 shrimp/m² during the nursery stage and in a density of up to 75 shrimp/m² during the grow-out phase. Finally, it was observed that for the transport of F. brasiliensis the water temperature should be between 16 and 19 °C and stocking density should not exceed 3 shrimp / L or (16.5 g / L), the transport is recommended for a maximum of 10 hours to prevent mortality. Therefore, according to all data obtained in this thesis, post-larvae production, cultivation in biofloc system and transportation of F. brasiliensis to be used as live bait proved to be technically viable solutions to meet the needs of sport fisheries.
Mamíferos e a regeneração da palmeira Attalea dubia em uma área de Mata Atlântica na região Sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-30)
Meiga, Ana Yoko Ykeuti
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Christianini, Alexander Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
;
Martins, Karina
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9367637840430435
Animals may influence the spatial distribution and survivorship of plants with which they interact. For instance, the Janzen-Connell model predict that the probability of seed and seedling survivorship is reduced around the parental plant because of the intense seed predation and herbivory in this place, which suggests the role of seed dispersal in plant regeneration. The hunting and habitat fragmentation threaten the regeneration of many plant species that depend on large animals to disperse their seeds. In this study I investigated the relationship between seed dispersion, predation and the spatial distribution and survival of seedlings of the palm Attalea dubia in native forest preserved, evaluating the importance of mammals for plant regeneration. In a second part I compared the pre-dispersal seed predation of A. dubia in three habitats: a continuous forest area, a forest fragment and a pasture. This study was undertaken in Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho , and adjacent areas in south-west of São Paulo State. The flowering and fruiting phenology of the palm was observed during a year (October 2010 to November 2011). Focal observations of fruiting palms and cameras traps allowed us to verify which species of mammals included fruits or seeds of A. dubia in the diet. Seed predation and removal experiments combined with the mapping of the spatial distribution of seedling and adult plants were taken to evaluate the importance of mammals in regeneration and test the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Fruiting of Attalea dubia occurs throughout the year. The mammal species recorded interacting with A. dubia fruits and seeds were: Cebus nigritus, Guerlinguetus ingrami, Philander frenatus and sigmodontineous rodents. Seeds away from the parent palm were more likely to survive than seeds around the parent palm. The spatial distribution seedlings and juveniles also agree with the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Small mammals removed most seeds to short distances, around 4 meters. Seed predation by rodents was higher in the fragment than in continuous forest and much reduced in the pasture. Predation by invertebrates was reduced in continuous forest and higher in the fragment. There was no compensation of the seed predation: seed predation by invertebrates did not increase in the absence of rodents. Mammals seems to be not essential to the palm regeneration, but they may be important for the spatial distribution of A. dubia. I suggest that the importance of small mammals, such as squirrels, to seed dispersal and plant regeneration of large-seeded plants has been underestimated. Changes in seed predation among habitats may lead to the dominance of some plant species, reducing plant diversity in the long term. The increase in abundance of A. dubia that occurs in highly disturbed areas and edges of fragments can be the result of the lower seed predation in these areas.
Obtenção e caracterização de hidrolisados enzimáticos de proteínas do farelo de soja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-30)
Miranda, Liceres Corrêa de
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8312699938281186
Soy protein concentrate (SPC) is used as an ingredient for food and animal feed. It is obtained from defatted soybean meal by extracting sugars and other soluble compounds. The main consequence of the extraction process is removal or inactivation of most anti-nutritional factors of soybean, which makes this product can be used in place of animal proteins in special diets. This work aimed to study the process of protein hydrolysis as an alternative to increase the value of the SPC through the improvement of their nutritional value. Hydrolysis process has been done many years ago with the purpose of improving physico-chemical, organoleptic and nutritional value of food proteins. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most appropriate when the objective is to improve the nutritional value, because the chemical methods cause many unwanted effects. We studied two commercial alkaline proteases, Alcalase® and Novo-ProD®. Novo-ProD® showed superior activity than Alcalase® in all pH conditions tested. The process conditions that maximized efficiency of the hydrolysis of SPC by Novo-ProD® were: 55°C, pH 9 and enzyme/substrate ratio of 0.5% (enzyme mass / protein mass). The maximum degree of hydrolysis obtained in three hours reaction under these conditions was approximately 15.2% in bench scale and 12.8% in pilot scale. Increasing solid concentration of the reaction medium from 10 to 30%, maximum degree of hydrolysis of 11.2% was obtained in the same conditions. Digestibility trial was conducted with SPC hydrolyzate with 3,3% against SPC unhydrolyzed in adult dogs and turkeys in the initial growth phase. In dogs, hydrolysis increased apparent digestibility of dry matter from 76.5 to 86.2%, crude protein from 83.9 to 90.6% and metabolizable energy increased by approximately 5%. In turkeys, the increase was from 54.6 to 62.9% for dry matter digestibility and 9% increase in metabolizable energy.
Atividade experimental investigativa: construção do termômetro de coluna líquida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-30)
Oliveira, Cleidson Santiago de
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Leodoro, Marcos Pires
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2929842229198829
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0746649625842036
The excessive appreciation of the mathematical formalism and the lack of contextualization of the content has contributed to many students, especially in high school, to feel animosity to Physics and consequently having low records in this discipline. Defended by many researchers and teachers of Physics, the experimental activity consists of an interesting didactic resource to change this situation. However, it is not frequently used in classroom and when it is applied, in general, becomes inserted in a traditional proposal of teaching, using strictly structured guide that serves only for the illustration of the theory, verification of a law or observation of a phenomenon. As a suggested alternative for this situation we have developed a teaching strategy, grounded in Vigotski's social interaction theory and investigative methodology, which is currently defended by several researchers in the field of Science Education and explores the experimental activity in a flexible way under an investigative perspective. It consists of five parts: i. Contextualization; ii. Instigation; iii. Planning; iv. Accomplishment and v. Ending. The proposal has been applied in a high school classroom in a public school of a night class, as part of our teaching activities. To this end, we choose an experiment, commonly found in many Physics textbooks, which is the construction of a rudimentary liquid column thermometer. This experiment allowed us to explore several concepts related to Thermal Physics such as temperature, thermal equilibrium, expansion and thermal conductivity, calibration of thermometers, both analytically and qualitatively. Considering the context in which this proposal was applied, despite many adversities, we can consider that the work achieved its goal in a satisfactory way, especially concerning to the greater involvement of students in the study of Physics. Attached to this work follows a manual in which we discuss some strategies for realization of experimental activities, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Additionally we emphasize the proposal based on the physical investigation in order to exploit the phenomenon in a more interesting and meaningful way.
Toxicidade e alterações hematológicas, morfofuncionais, bioquímicas e genéticas em curimbatás, Prochilodus lineatus, (Teleostei, Prochilodontidae) expostos ao fenantreno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-30)
Martins, Larissa Parreira Alves
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0646938087736412
Recent studies have shown that since 1990, there was an abrupt and substantial increase in the concentrations of phenanthrene in the aquatic environment, due mainly to the increase of activities including petroleum derivatives. This study determined the acute toxicity (LC50;96h) of phenanthrene to Prochilodus lineatus and investigated its effects on gills and kidneys of this species when exposed to sublethal concentrations of phenanthrene (corresponding to 1/100 to 1/50 and 1/5 of LC50;96h) for 24 and 96h, using biochemical, morphological, osmo-ionic, hematological and genetics biomarkers. After the experimental periods, blood samples were obtained via caudal punction for analysis of plasma, haematological and genetics variables, and samples of gills and kidneys were collected and fixed for morphological analysis or frozen for biochemical analysis. Phenanthrene can be considered moderately toxic to P. lineatus because the estimated LC50;96h was 1.013 mg L-1. Sublethal exposure to phenanthrene (200μg.L-1; LC50/5), especially after 96 hours, caused significant changes in almost all parameters: morphological, biochemical, genotoxic, osmo-ionic and heamatological. The osmo-ionic changes (increase of osmolality and ion Na+, and no variation of ion Cl-) suggested a osmo-ionic unbalance, which was confirmed by the results observed in the activity of enzymes involved in osmoregulation (NKA and AC) on gills and kidneys (increase of NKA in gills and kidneys, and increase of AC in kidneys), and also by the changes in the number of chloride cells mainly in kidneys, wich showed an increase. Furthermore, histopathological changes were found in the gills and kidneys.The responses of the heamatological variables evidenced an attempt to improve the oxygen uptake by the gills and inflammatory processes caused by the contaminant. In the enzymes of oxidative stress analyzed, both the inhibition in CAT and SOD activities, and the lack of changing in mechanisms of GPx, GSH and GST in the gills of these animals, led to an unbalance between the antioxidants and pro-oxidant levels and then, a lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the changes observed in these animals (200μg.L-1) can have adverse affects on your health, once there will be an energetic deviation to restore the normal conditions of the organism, to detriment of other functions such as growth and reproduction, besides the possibility of exhaustion occurs in these animals if environment remain contaminated, thereby increasing the risk of disease and thus the mortality in these individuals.
Produção de gases de efeito estufa e potencial de geração de créditos de carbono em processos de tratamento de esgoto sanitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-30)
Lima, Aline Pereira
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1014739932428315
The concept of carbon credits came from the awareness of need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in order to combat the worsening of global warming, discussed and formalized in the Kyoto Protocol. Emission of greenhouse gases as methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide is due to several activities, among them the wastewater treatment, both domestic and industrial. This paper presents an estimation of CH4 and N2O production and energy consumption in wastewater treatment systems most used in Brazil, on which mitigation scenarios were applied to show its representation in terms of carbon credits and monetary value. This work was based on the methodologies and procedures of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC. The results show that the largest volumes of GHGs are associated with anaerobic treatments, whose emissions may exceed 200 tCO2e/year. Both suggested mitigation proposals (replacement of anaerobic systems by open aerobic processes or introduction of mechanisms for capturing and burning methane in closed reactors) show a similar emission reduction, mostly between 100 and 150 tCO2e/year for attended population of 1000 persons. However, it was found that the credit potential is in the biogas combustion because aeration demands high energy consumption. This ability to generate carbon credits, from Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), can help soften some of the implementation costs of wastewater treatment plants, as well as stimulate its modernization.
Desenvolvimento de microcantilever funcionalizado com polímero condutor para a detecção de compostos orgânicos voláteis e umidade relativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-31)
Steffens, Clarice
;
Herrmann Júnior, Paulo Sérgio de Paula
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3478230611350302
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224498867270799
The great interest to develop microcantilevers sensors is due to several desirable properties, in particular the ability to adjust the size and structure, thus increasing the perspectives for the construction of new sensor systems. In this work, we developed functionalized microcantilever sensors with conducting polymers to detect relative humidity, volatile organic compounds and insect pheromones. The development was based on a systematic investigation, since the polymer synthesis and the film formation until the sensing step. For this purpose, we studied two treatments to clean the microcantilevers surfaces (plasma and piranha solution). Also, appropriate ways for the sensors functionalization were evaluated, using spin-coating and thermoelastic probe techniques. The polyaniline solutions were obtained by the in-situ and interfacial synthesis. This way, the doping, morphology and the polymer structure have been investigated by the AFM, UV-Vis, FTIR, diffraction and FE-SEM techniques, and likewise the film properties. It allowed us to optimize the preparation conditions of the polyaniline films on the surface of the microcantilevers sensors to detect relative humidity and volatiles. Also, it was possible to develop sensors with polyaniline thin films, capable to detect 1 ppmv of relative humidity, and this shows that they can be used to measure large limits of detection. Moreover, the functionalized microcantilevers sensors showed a fast response time, repeatability over several cycles and exhibited lifetime longer than 6 months. The coated microcantilevers sensors showed an excellent response to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), indicating that the sensitive layer was xiv appropriate for detection of these volatiles. The sensitivity of these sensors at VOCs increased with the polarity, thus the methanol compound showed the greatest sensitivity. It was possible to detect and evaluate different concentrations of the pheromone 2-heptanone, at different temperatures. The microcantilever sensors response not only showed an excellent sensitivity, but also a fast response time. It was observed an excellent response to deflection of the microcantilever sensors when exposed to volatile during the banana ripeness.
Análise dos critérios de priorização de projeto junto ao fundo estadual de recursos hídricos do Estado de São Paulo: estudo de caso do Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-31)
Martins, Renata Genova
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9196368368202528
The State Water Resources Fund of São Paulo (FEHIDRO) was established by the 7.633 State Law, of December 30 of 1991, to give financial support to the hydrographic basins actions. The resources from this fund are distributed in the Water Basis Committees (CBH) every year, each CBH is responsible for finding the way to select the projects. This research aimed to study the criteria and rules for distribution of financial resources in the Water Basis Committee Tietê-Jacaré (CBH-TJ), arising from FEHIDRO, aiming to contribute to its improvement. For develop of this study four stages were performed: Bibliographic Search; Chacterization of study area; Documental Search and survey of opinion. The third stage consisted in a diagnosis of the investments realized with FEHIDRO resources and also the comparative analysis of the adopted criteria to the projects approval in the CBH-TJ and other committees of São Paulo State. The last stage referred to the questionnaires along the keymembers of the committee, where it sought the identification of process failures, difficulties in the projects evaluation and guidelines for solving the problems and/or contributions for the process improvement. The results showed that some criteria adopted by CBH-TJ have failures (lack of information to the score, absence of weighing and subjective criteria which makes difficult the impersonality in the assessments). It was suggested several ways to improve the process (adoption of more technical criteria that reduct the subjective in the assessments, elaboration of specific punctuation score cards according each thematic line, addition of new criteria, increase of the evaluation time of projects and weight attribution for all criteria), which will give support for the improvement of the decisions to be made by CBH-TJ, as well contribute for a better allocation of FEHIDRO public resources.
Cultivo de surubim pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) e híbrido (P. reticulatum X P. corruscans) em sistema de recirculação de água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-05-31)
Miranda, Mário Olindo Tallarico de
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Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4018340450695188
This study aimed to test a pilot recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and to evaluate in this system the effects of the stocking density on the production of species of surubim pintado , Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, and its hybrid with P. reticulatum regarding the effect of stocking density and water renewal rate on the hybrid production. The study lasted for 84 days. The physical and chemical conditions in the RAS was evaluated by measuring water consumption (223,6 L/kg of fish produced), temperature (25,8±0,7ºC), dissolved oxygen (5,33±0,04 mg/L O2 in the water inlet to culture tanks), pH (6,75±0,25), total alkalinity (40,0±20,6 mg/L CaCO3), carbon dioxide (16,6±6,1 mg/L CO2), total suspended solids (8,0±4,2 mg/L TSS), total ammonia nitrogen (0,18±0,10 mg/L NH3-N), nitrite (0,163±0,090 mg/L NO2-) and nitrate (58,0±9,7 mg/L NO3-). To evaluate the fish performance, two experiments were conducted simultaneously. In experiment 1, densities of 40, 80 and 120 fish.m-3 (approximately 8.5, 17 and 25.5 kg.m-3) for the pure and the hybrid lineages were tested using a 3 x 2 factorial design (three densities and two lineages). In experiment 2, only the hybrid lineage was used, and three stocking densities were tested: 20, 40 and 60 fish.m-3 (approximately 9, 18 and 27 kg.m-3) and two water renewal rates (1 L/kg.min-1 and 0,5 L/kg.min-1), using a 3 x 2 factorial design (three densities and two water renewal rates). Fish were fed with extruded food (40% crude protein) at a rate of 2.5% of the body weight per day. For both experiments, daily specific growth rate (SGR), final weight, biomass gain, final density, food conversion, final weight and dissolved oxygen levels at the tank outlet are discussed. In experiment 1, both lineages showed to be adapted to the RAS, but the hybrid lineage had a better performance than the pure lineage. In experiment 2, the highest water renewal rate resulted in a better performance, and an increase in density improved the final production.
Estratégia de produção em microempresas de marcenaria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-01)
Guerreiro, Érico Daniel Ricardi
;
Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
Apparently, the small wood furniture factories have an outdated organization of production, however, they are active in the market for quite some time. In order to understand how the manufacturing strategy of small wood furniture factories helps these companies to stay in the market, this paper studies the content of manufacturing strategy, its alignment with the competitive strategy and with the production system. A research methodology combined a cross-sectional exploratory survey with 40 companies and a multiple case research in three companies. It was observed that the manufacturing strategy adopted is aligned with the competitive strategy of companies. It was observed also that the production system is suitable for manufacturing strategy, but results in some incompatibility with the delivery performance and cost. The main limitation of this study is the geographic concentration of companies participants.
Desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos empregando a espectrometria de absorção atômica sequencial rápida com atomização em chama
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-01)
Miranda, Kelber dos Anjos de
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995163494768470
The aim of this PhD thesis was to develop analytical methods employing fast sequential flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FS-FAAS). In the first part of this study, a fast and simple method is proposed for the determination of Cu in sugar cane spirits employing FS-FAAS and the internal standard technique. First, Ag, Bi, Co and Ni were evaluated as internal standards to correct transport interferences caused by the presence of ethanol. The results demonstrated that Ag at a concentration of 2 mg L−1 was effective as internal standard. In the second part of this study, a novel analytical method which consists of a combination of hydride generation and FS-FAAS is proposed. The method developed was employed for the sequential determination of As and Sb at sub-μg L-1 levels in bottled mineral waters. An enhancement in the analytical throughput was obtained when compared with the traditional monoelement HGAAS with a quartz tube atomizer. In the last part of the study, the combination of thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) and FS-FAAS for the sequential determination of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn was proposed and a significant improvement in the analytical throughput of TS-FFAAS was obtained. Then, an analytical method for the sequential determination of Cd, Cu and Pb in slurries of biological samples by TS-FF-AAS was developed.
Análise por planejamento fatorial da corrosão por pites de aços inoxidáveis duplex em altas concentrações de íons cloreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-01)
Barce, Mariana Sanches
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Kuri, Sebastião Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7501460989131165
The duplex stainless steels UNS S32101 and UNS S31803, hot rolled, were chosen for the study of localized corrosion pitting for presenting interesting properties of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance for the petrochemical industry. The anodic potentiodynamic polarization test was conducted in aqueous solution with concentrations of chloride ions ranging from 30x103 to 250x103 ppm Cl- (LiCl), under 25°C and 40 ° C in an environment saturated with CO2 and aerated. The pitting potential and corrosion potential were statistically analyzed using factorial design 23. The observation of the microstructure and the pits formed were recorded with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the decrease in corrosion potential was significantly influenced by the same factors in both steels: saturation with CO2 and the concentration of chloride anions, while the pitting potential was significantly influenced by different factors, depending on the steel used and the environmental conditions. Thus, the decrease in pitting potential of steel UNS S32101 was significantly influenced by temperature, concentration of chloride anions, interaction between these two parameters and saturation with CO2. On the other hand the decrease in pitting potential of the UNS S31803 steel was significantly influenced by chloride concentration, temperature and the interaction of each of these parameters with the saturation of the medium with CO2. Data analysis by statistical method of factorial design showed that not all studied factors affect localized corrosion significantly and that the effect of these factors is not cumulative.
Otimização na alocação dinâmica de veículos no transporte rodoviário de cargas completas entre terminais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-01)
Vasco, Rejane Arinos
;
Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
The domain of logistics is concerned with providing customers with the right product in the right place at the right time. In our modern economy, the faster pace and wider scope of logistic operations has led to complex management problems that have drawn the attention of both industry and the academic world Optimizing the number of vehicles for a determined transport system requires a trade-off between the cost of vehicle acquisition and maintenance and the penalties involved in not meeting the requirements of the system. This thesis proposes to contribute to decision making in the operational management of those companies working in the transportation of goods by road, particularly as regards the optimization of vehicle use in freight transfer between terminals. Various operational problems, especially management of the transfer fleet, involves the dynamic allocation of limited resources to meet demand. Specifically, this paper deals with the dynamic (multi-period) vehicle allocation problem (DVAP) in the road transportation of full loads between terminals. The DVAP belongs to that class of problems dealing with dynamic resource allocation and consists of defining the movements of a fleet of vehicles that transport goods between terminals with a wide geographical distribution and which interact among themselves. These movements may be of fully-laden vehicles, unladen vehicles for repositioning or vehicles held at a terminal to meet future demands. Emphasis is given to the characterization of the problem in real situations, mathematical modeling of the problem and the use of operational research techniques in solving the problem. Also, heuristics and metaheuristics such as GRASP, simulated annealing and ant colony optimization are used in the solution. The objective is to determine dynamic allocation and fleet needs in order to minimize operational costs in meeting the demand for services. The main reason for undertaking this work was the possibility of practical application, the development of integer linear programming models and both exact and heuristic methods for solutions, aiming at the practical validation of the approaches in the real operational environment of a Brazilian transport company.
O conceito de símbolo em Sidman e Skinner - uma análise epistemológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-04)
Rocca, Julia Zanetti
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Pessotti, Isaias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2793069740146109
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7678523240628345
The theory of language created by Skinner in the 1950s rejected traditional terms such as reference , meaning and symbol , due to considering such terms useless and inadequate to a science of verbal behavior. Still, since the 1960s new theories of language in behavioral analysis have come to make use of these terms both to describe phenomena and to define concepts. In order to investigate this theoretical dissonance, the present work analyses the concepts of reference , meaning and symbol in the theories of Skinner and Sidman. In regards to Skinner, the investigation has implied in (I) the analysis of the theories of language that have exerted influence on his work in order to understand the rejection of both reference and symbolism; (II) the description of the theoretical path of construction of a science of verbal behavior through an operationalist conception of language. In the case of Sidman, the theory of language arises as a result of experimental discoveries, which by its turn demanded from the conceptual investigation: (I) the description of the origin of the technical terms used in the field through Sidman s and his predecessor s researches; (II) the analysis of potential theoretical influences upon conceptual formalization of the stimulus equivalence paradigm. As the result, it has been verified that the theories of both Sidman and Skinner share the influence of the logical branch of the Philosophy of Language, and especially of the Logical Positivists. However, while Sidman s work is close to these philosopher s initial theories, Skinner s work is characterized as critical in relation to them. Moreover, the epistemological analysis of the stimulus equivalence paradigm has allowed the conclusion that this model adopts strictly operationalist presuppositions, and beyond that, of an Skinnerian Operationalism that is to say, different both from Bridgman s original version and from other psychological versions, such as Stevens . And since Operationalism would be the most important basis for the analysis of language proposed by Skinner, the conceptual differences between the theories of Sidman and Skinner appear to coexist with a confluence in their epistemological foundations.
Participação dos neurônios noradrenérgicos da região A5 no controle cardiorrespiratório durante a hipercapnia e hipóxia em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-04)
Taxini, Camila Linhares
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Moreira, Thiago dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0243906744273591
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Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497
The noradrenergic A5 group is an important group of neurons located in the ventrolateral pons and receives projections from several medullar areas related to cardiorespiratory regulation. The A5 region contributes to the maturation of the respiratory system before birth and in adult rats these neurons are connected with the neural network responsible for respiratory rhythmogenesis. The A5 neurons have an important involvement in autonomic control, these neurons send and receive projections from various regions involved in cardiovascular control, and send projections directly to the intermidial column lateral. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that noradrenergic neurons of A5 region participate in cardiorespiratory responses produced by hypercapnia or hypoxia in anesthetized and ananesthetized rats. In ananesthetized animals without and sino-aortic denervation, the lesion of the noradrenergic neurons in the A5 region with anti-dopamine β-hydroxylase-saporin (anti-DβH-SAP, 4.2 ng) promoted a decrease of tidal volume response to acute hypercapnia (7% CO2, 30 minutes) and acute hypoxia (7% O2, 30 minutes), but did not alter the cardiovascular response. In anesthetized animals during the acute hypercapnia (5% to 10% CO2, 5 minutes), the bilateral microinjection of muscimol (GABA-A agonist; 2 mM) and the chemical injury with anti-DβH-SAP on the A5 region reduced the increase of mean arterial pressure (MAP), splanchnic sympathetic activity (sSNA), frequency and amplitude of phrenic nerve produced by hypercapnia. During acute hypoxia (8-10% O2, 30 seconds) the bilateral microinjection of muscimol in the A5 region attenuated the increase in MAP and sSNA promoted by hypoxia without affecting the activity of the phrenic nerve, but the chemical injury of A5 region not altered responses promoted by hypoxia. The results of this study show that the participation of the A5 region in cardiorespiratory response depends on the animal's condition, anesthetized or not, as well as CO2 and O2 levels. In animals ananesthetized, the noradrenergic neurons of A5 region exert an excitatory modulation in control of tidal volume in response to hypercapnia and hypoxia. While in anesthetized animals, this region stimulates the cardiorespiratory response to hypercapnia, increasing the amplitude and frequency of the phrenic nerve, and sympathetic activity.
Avaliação da resposta de bovinos Nelore e cruzados, Senepol x Nelore e Angus X Nelore, infestados com carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-04)
Ibelli, Adriana Mércia Guaratini
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Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4729789236742545
Infestations caused by ectoparasites are among the main problems that affect stock raising in tropical countries, and in Brazil, the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) tick is responsible for substantial losses in the animal production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of three genetic groups of cattle artificially infested with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. For this, skin samples from Nellore (NX) and crossbreeds, Senepol x Nellore (SN) and Angus x Nellore (TA) heifers were collected before and 24 hours after the last artificial infestation with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae for gene expression analysis and histology. We collected hair and performed behavioral analysis in order to relate them to the cattle parasite load. There were significant differences (P <0.01) for the tick count within three studied groups. TA animals (0.92 ± 0.07) had higher mean and the NX group (0.28 ± 0.07), the lowest mean. In the differential leukocyte count, TA animals had higher numbers of monocytes that NX (P <0.05), not differing from SN. No significant differences were evaluated for other leukocytes. However, the NX genetic group had higher mean for mast cells than SN and TA (P <0.01). NX had more CD4 cells that TA that did not differ from SN. Negative correlation was observed between the number of ticks and CD4 T cells. In the hair and haircoat analysis, TA showed the higher values of haircoat mean (CP) and mass density (MD) of hair than SN and NX (p <0.05), which did not differ from each other. For the number of hairs per sample and number of hair/cm2, NX had larger mean (p <0.05) than SN and TA, which did not differ. Results of Pearson correlations indicated that CP and DM have a positive correlation (p <0.05) with tick count. Regarding grooming behavior it has been observed that the total of self-grooming, as well as, allogrooming events influenced the tick count evaluated, and that there is a negative correlation with the tick number, helping to reduce this parasite, especially in Nellore. On 1, 4, 6 and 7 days after infestation and at the times 7:00, 9:00 and 12:00 h animals performed more grooming events when compared to other periods. According to the large scale gene expression results, there was no difference within genetic groups. The comparison between the groups before and after 24 hours infestation showed that 1,502 genes were differentially expressed. Of these, 851 were activated and 651 had reduced expression after challenge. The microarray experiment was validated by quantitative real time PCR. 12 Among the genes and pathways activated in response to tick, the chemokine genes, MAPK signaling pathways and Jak-Stat, cytokine receptors, complement and focal adhesion molecules as well as calcium channel genes stood out. Such genes and pathways can be identified as candidates to play the role of host protection at this time of bovine parasitic cycle. In this way, it was observed that mechanisms as grooming and increase of mast cells should confer resistance to tick. Furthermore, we found metabolic pathways that were not previously described in the literature may be novel targets for the development of strategies prevent tick infestation, as vaccines and drugs.
Influência de Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921 (Crustacea: Anostraca) na dinâmica da comunidade planctônica em três lagoas temporárias do município de Urucuia, MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-06)
Passos, Rodrigo Ferroni
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Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4032882355970828
Ecological short-term studies were conducted in three temporary ponds where naturally occurs the fairy shrimp Dendrocephalus brasiliensis, focusing mainly on structure and dynamics of zooplankton. These ponds are located at Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Samples were collected just after the rainy season of 2011, during seven consecutive days in the two first ponds (P1 and P2) and six days in the third pond (P3). The three environments were shallow and showed high temperatures during the sampling period. Were also determined the concentrations of nutrients, suspended material and chlorophyll a in the water in the studied environments. The values of these variables increased after heavy rain. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of zooplankton community showed low richness in these ponds and diversity indices are specially related to rain. Number and relative abundance of zooplankton groups were related to the presence and density of D. brasiliensis. Analysis of phytoplankton and chlorophyll a showed that ponds with higher phytoplankton density seem to be favorable for some zooplankton groups such as rotifers and of D. brasiliensis. High densities of D. brasiliensis cysts in the sediments of the temporary ponds studied indicate that this species is well established in these environments. The CCA and Monte Carlo analyses demonstrate that most of the zooplankton community in the three temporary ponds were related with variable chlorophyll a.