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Metabolismo in vitro do albendazol em escala miligrama e purificação por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência semipreparativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-06) Batistão, Marina Beghini; Oliveira, Regina Vincenzi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609377714413073; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8425893885430274
This work presents the in vitro metabolism of albendazole (ABZ) conducted with microsomal fractions obtained from Wistar rats and performed in analytical and semipreparative scale. Subsequent separation and purification of the major metabolites was accomplished using High Performance Chiral Liquid Chromatography in normal elution mode. The chromatographic separation of ABZ, albendazol sulphoxide (ABZ-SO), albendazole 2-aminesulphone (ABZ-NH2-SO2) and albendazole sulphone (ABZ-SO2) was achieved on a chromatographic chiral column containing amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (15.0 x 0.46 cm i.d.) or (20.0 x 0.70 cm i.d.), hexane:ethanol (55:45) as mobile phase and = 290 nm. Different parameters in the in vitro biotransformation were evaluated in a univariate mode and the best conditions selected as follows: incubation time (6 hours), concentration of ABZ (1.5 mg/mL), concentration of proteins (20 mg/ml) and concentration of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase (NADPH; 20 mg/ml). For the NADPH regenerating system was used nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) 100 mmol/L, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) 100 mmol/L and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 100 U/mL. For the microsomal fractions both the calcium aggregation or ultracentrifugation methods were appropriate for microsome isolation. Ultracentrifugation provided the highest protein concentration for the extracted samples (35.2 mg/mL). The sample preparation was conducted by solid phase extraction and the recoveries were within 89 to 109%. The in vitro metabolism in milligram scale allowed the production of 1.0 mg of the (+)- ABZ-SO and 8.0 mg of the (-)-ABZ-SO. The ABZ-NH2-SO2 and ABZ-SO2 were not observed under the biotransformation conditions tested. The in vitro metabolism in milligram scale can be used for the production and purification of metabolites for further pharmacokinetics studies.
O planejamento regional e urbano e a questão ambiental: análise da relação entre o plano de bacia hidrográfica Tietê-Jacaré e os Planos Diretores Municipais de Araraquara e São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-06) Peres, Renata Bovo; Silva, Ricardo Siloto da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
This Thesis is included on the discussion about the integration of the environmental dimension in the territorial management. More specifically, discuss the manner how the environmental issues have been treated in the tools and practices of management located at two territorial limits: in the municipal planning and in the regional planning by river basin. Even there have been advances related on the environmental concern in the territorial policies, this is one of the major frontiers of confrontation between agents who act and transform spaces, presenting situations of conflicts. The implementation of an integrated environmental management and planning deals with one of these challenges, the build of interfaces and joints among the tools and levels of the environmental policy with the municipal and regional policies. In this context, the general goal of this work is to analyze the relation between the environmental dimension and the municipal and regional planning, respectively, by the River Basin Plans and the Master Plans, specifically the Unit of Water Resources Management Tietê‐Jacaré from São Paulo State (UGRHI‐13). As research objects, were selected the River Basin Tietê‐Jacaré Plan and the Master Plans of Araraquara and São Carlos, both municipalities located at this territory. The research is exploratory, descriptive and analytic, considering the following categories of analyzes: definition of the local and regional units of management and planning; environmental tools in the river basin plan and in the urban plans; forums of local and regional management and planning; influence degree among the analyzed tools. Bibliographic and documentary revision and analyses, semi‐structured interviews and questionnaires were done. The regional planning by river basin presents a great potential about the integration aspects between the natural and human systems, from the proper use and occupation of territory, taking in account the social and environmental conditions. The River Basin Plan is a reference tool to guide the water use and land use in the respective region, although there are still gaps and difficulties in a more effective and expanded implementation. In the actual manner, it is considered as a tool extremely technical which has being poorly used in the management forums. It has being used more as a diagnosis of the environmental condition of the river basin than as a really inducer tool for policies. It doesn´t recognize the conflicts of land use and territorial organization as a vulnerability which needs to be addressed. The town planning is the principal conductive agent to the land use, mainly urban. In terms of territorial policies, the decisions are made at municipal levels. The master plans present opportunities to guide public policies which have been built from social forces, although still concentrate on the application of tools to urban zoning. The environmental conditions and aspects are presented as a margin thematic and weakly articulated with other policies. In the same way, there is a lack of regional aspects in the master plans, in order to understand that the environmental discussion presents an extension beyond the municipal limits. In the master plans appear few references to other forums and tools of regional planning, as the River Basin Plans and Committees. Therefore, the analysis of this work tried to demonstrate the complex relation among the policies, tools and forums of municipal and regional management and planning, showing the technical, political‐institutional and legal barriers which hinder the application of the Integrated Territorial Management concept.
Qualificar é preciso? Um estudo sobre a política de qualificação profissional em unidades sucroalcooleiras do Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba-MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-06) Marques, Rejane Siqueira Silva; Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8377618481074158
The title of this research is intended to be provocative enough in a scenario where the qualification is seen as the "touchstone" and with which workers, as to possess, compete advantageously in the market. In the case of this sector, much is present the argument that there is not enough skilled labor force that can corroborate the productive restructuring of the agricultural sector, especially by providing the necessary conditions for the implementation of mechanized harvesting and consequent reduction of activity manual cutting cane sugar, seen as a precarious job. Part of the resolution of this issue would be on the qualification of cane cutters and reintegration of those in the productive sphere. Understanding professional qualification as a set of knowledge, skills and abilities required to perform a particular work process, so that the need of capital to expand the profit rate is met, a study was conducted on a group of companies located in the region of sugarcane Triangulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaiba- MG, with the goal of understanding the implementation process of professional qualification programs targeted to sugarcane workers. Research shows that over 80% of the sugarcane farm workers - especially those with low education and migrate constantly - has not been contemplated by the professional training program developed by the group. The program was targeted at young workers and urban experiences of work, making the qualification they went through, only a certification of skills they already possessed. In this sense, the discourse on the qualification of the cane cutters is presented more as an industry rhetoric than action to minimize unemployment generated by mechanization.
Influência de Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921 (Crustacea: Anostraca) na dinâmica da comunidade planctônica em três lagoas temporárias do município de Urucuia, MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-06) Passos, Rodrigo Ferroni; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4032882355970828
Ecological short-term studies were conducted in three temporary ponds where naturally occurs the fairy shrimp Dendrocephalus brasiliensis, focusing mainly on structure and dynamics of zooplankton. These ponds are located at Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Samples were collected just after the rainy season of 2011, during seven consecutive days in the two first ponds (P1 and P2) and six days in the third pond (P3). The three environments were shallow and showed high temperatures during the sampling period. Were also determined the concentrations of nutrients, suspended material and chlorophyll a in the water in the studied environments. The values of these variables increased after heavy rain. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of zooplankton community showed low richness in these ponds and diversity indices are specially related to rain. Number and relative abundance of zooplankton groups were related to the presence and density of D. brasiliensis. Analysis of phytoplankton and chlorophyll a showed that ponds with higher phytoplankton density seem to be favorable for some zooplankton groups such as rotifers and of D. brasiliensis. High densities of D. brasiliensis cysts in the sediments of the temporary ponds studied indicate that this species is well established in these environments. The CCA and Monte Carlo analyses demonstrate that most of the zooplankton community in the three temporary ponds were related with variable chlorophyll a.