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Influência de Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921 (Crustacea: Anostraca) na dinâmica da comunidade planctônica em três lagoas temporárias do município de Urucuia, MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-06)
Passos, Rodrigo Ferroni
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Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4032882355970828
Ecological short-term studies were conducted in three temporary ponds where naturally occurs the fairy shrimp Dendrocephalus brasiliensis, focusing mainly on structure and dynamics of zooplankton. These ponds are located at Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Samples were collected just after the rainy season of 2011, during seven consecutive days in the two first ponds (P1 and P2) and six days in the third pond (P3). The three environments were shallow and showed high temperatures during the sampling period. Were also determined the concentrations of nutrients, suspended material and chlorophyll a in the water in the studied environments. The values of these variables increased after heavy rain. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of zooplankton community showed low richness in these ponds and diversity indices are specially related to rain. Number and relative abundance of zooplankton groups were related to the presence and density of D. brasiliensis. Analysis of phytoplankton and chlorophyll a showed that ponds with higher phytoplankton density seem to be favorable for some zooplankton groups such as rotifers and of D. brasiliensis. High densities of D. brasiliensis cysts in the sediments of the temporary ponds studied indicate that this species is well established in these environments. The CCA and Monte Carlo analyses demonstrate that most of the zooplankton community in the three temporary ponds were related with variable chlorophyll a.
Metabolismo in vitro do albendazol em escala miligrama e purificação por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência semipreparativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-06)
Batistão, Marina Beghini
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Oliveira, Regina Vincenzi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609377714413073
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8425893885430274
This work presents the in vitro metabolism of albendazole (ABZ) conducted with microsomal fractions obtained from Wistar rats and performed in analytical and semipreparative scale. Subsequent separation and purification of the major metabolites was accomplished using High Performance Chiral Liquid Chromatography in normal elution mode. The chromatographic separation of ABZ, albendazol sulphoxide (ABZ-SO), albendazole 2-aminesulphone (ABZ-NH2-SO2) and albendazole sulphone (ABZ-SO2) was achieved on a chromatographic chiral column containing amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (15.0 x 0.46 cm i.d.) or (20.0 x 0.70 cm i.d.), hexane:ethanol (55:45) as mobile phase and = 290 nm. Different parameters in the in vitro biotransformation were evaluated in a univariate mode and the best conditions selected as follows: incubation time (6 hours), concentration of ABZ (1.5 mg/mL), concentration of proteins (20 mg/ml) and concentration of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase (NADPH; 20 mg/ml). For the NADPH regenerating system was used nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) 100 mmol/L, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) 100 mmol/L and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 100 U/mL. For the microsomal fractions both the calcium aggregation or ultracentrifugation methods were appropriate for microsome isolation. Ultracentrifugation provided the highest protein concentration for the extracted samples (35.2 mg/mL). The sample preparation was conducted by solid phase extraction and the recoveries were within 89 to 109%. The in vitro metabolism in milligram scale allowed the production of 1.0 mg of the (+)- ABZ-SO and 8.0 mg of the (-)-ABZ-SO. The ABZ-NH2-SO2 and ABZ-SO2 were not observed under the biotransformation conditions tested. The in vitro metabolism in milligram scale can be used for the production and purification of metabolites for further pharmacokinetics studies.
O planejamento regional e urbano e a questão ambiental: análise da relação entre o plano de bacia hidrográfica Tietê-Jacaré e os Planos Diretores Municipais de Araraquara e São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-06)
Peres, Renata Bovo
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Silva, Ricardo Siloto da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
This Thesis is included on the discussion about the integration of the environmental dimension in the territorial management. More specifically, discuss the manner how the environmental issues have been treated in the tools and practices of management located at two territorial limits: in the municipal planning and in the regional planning by river basin. Even there have been advances related on the environmental concern in the territorial policies, this is one of the major frontiers of confrontation between agents who act and transform spaces, presenting situations of conflicts. The implementation of an integrated environmental management and planning deals with one of these challenges, the build of interfaces and joints among the tools and levels of the environmental policy with the municipal and regional policies. In this context, the general goal of this work is to analyze the relation between the environmental dimension and the municipal and regional planning, respectively, by the River Basin Plans and the Master Plans, specifically the Unit of Water Resources Management Tietê‐Jacaré from São Paulo State (UGRHI‐13). As research objects, were selected the River Basin Tietê‐Jacaré Plan and the Master Plans of Araraquara and São Carlos, both municipalities located at this territory. The research is exploratory, descriptive and analytic, considering the following categories of analyzes: definition of the local and regional units of management and planning; environmental tools in the river basin plan and in the urban plans; forums of local and regional management and planning; influence degree among the analyzed tools. Bibliographic and documentary revision and analyses, semi‐structured interviews and questionnaires were done. The regional planning by river basin presents a great potential about the integration aspects between the natural and human systems, from the proper use and occupation of territory, taking in account the social and environmental conditions. The River Basin Plan is a reference tool to guide the water use and land use in the respective region, although there are still gaps and difficulties in a more effective and expanded implementation. In the actual manner, it is considered as a tool extremely technical which has being poorly used in the management forums. It has being used more as a diagnosis of the environmental condition of the river basin than as a really inducer tool for policies. It doesn´t recognize the conflicts of land use and territorial organization as a vulnerability which needs to be addressed. The town planning is the principal conductive agent to the land use, mainly urban. In terms of territorial policies, the decisions are made at municipal levels. The master plans present opportunities to guide public policies which have been built from social forces, although still concentrate on the application of tools to urban zoning. The environmental conditions and aspects are presented as a margin thematic and weakly articulated with other policies. In the same way, there is a lack of regional aspects in the master plans, in order to understand that the environmental discussion presents an extension beyond the municipal limits. In the master plans appear few references to other forums and tools of regional planning, as the River Basin Plans and Committees. Therefore, the analysis of this work tried to demonstrate the complex relation among the policies, tools and forums of municipal and regional management and planning, showing the technical, political‐institutional and legal barriers which hinder the application of the Integrated Territorial Management concept.
Qualificar é preciso? Um estudo sobre a política de qualificação profissional em unidades sucroalcooleiras do Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba-MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-06)
Marques, Rejane Siqueira Silva
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Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8377618481074158
The title of this research is intended to be provocative enough in a scenario where the qualification is seen as the "touchstone" and with which workers, as to possess, compete advantageously in the market. In the case of this sector, much is present the argument that there is not enough skilled labor force that can corroborate the productive restructuring of the agricultural sector, especially by providing the necessary conditions for the implementation of mechanized harvesting and consequent reduction of activity manual cutting cane sugar, seen as a precarious job. Part of the resolution of this issue would be on the qualification of cane cutters and reintegration of those in the productive sphere. Understanding professional qualification as a set of knowledge, skills and abilities required to perform a particular work process, so that the need of capital to expand the profit rate is met, a study was conducted on a group of companies located in the region of sugarcane Triangulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaiba- MG, with the goal of understanding the implementation process of professional qualification programs targeted to sugarcane workers. Research shows that over 80% of the sugarcane farm workers - especially those with low education and migrate constantly - has not been contemplated by the professional training program developed by the group. The program was targeted at young workers and urban experiences of work, making the qualification they went through, only a certification of skills they already possessed. In this sense, the discourse on the qualification of the cane cutters is presented more as an industry rhetoric than action to minimize unemployment generated by mechanization.
Sobre a estabilidade de catalisadores de cobalto suportados durante a reforma do etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-11)
Ávila Neto, Cícero Naves de
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5876235459236551
Cobalt-based catalysts supported on γ-alumina and magnesium aluminate modified with lanthanum and cerium have been applied to various conditions of reforming of ethanol. The initial challenge was to control the rate of carbon accumulation, a major cause of deactivation of catalysts under steam reforming of ethanol. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses showed that the rate of carbon accumulation is inversely proportional to the amount of Co2+ species and directly proportional to the amount of Co0 species. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that, after reducing the catalysts in hydrogen, the oxidized fraction of the particles is mainly on their surface. Both the oxidized and reduced fractions of cobalt crystallites have face-centered cubic structure. The concentration of superficial oxygen under reforming conditions is determined by the curvature of the surface of the particles, the nature of the supports and the presence of promoters such as platinum and copper. The concentration of superficial oxygen is also highly sensitive to reaction conditions such as the composition and amount of oxidizing agents, such as oxygen and water, and reaction temperature. The rate of accumulation of carbon could be controlled with co-feeding oxygen to the reactor, process called oxy-reforming of ethanol, and using ceria as support. However, stability tests showed that catalyst deactivation may also occur by oxidation of metal sites. The ignition of the reforming process takes place in a microregion at the entrance of the catalyst bed where ethanol is fully oxidized, releasing energy and increasing the local temperature. Spatial-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses showed that the ratio Co2+/Co0 is much greater than one inside this microregion. The high local temperature and the presence of oxidized species in the entrance of the bed produce the appropriate conditions which lead the Co2+ ions to diffuse into the defect spinel structure of γ-alumina, leading to loss of potentially active sites for reforming of ethanol. This phenomenon is unleashed as a wave that propagates from the entrance of the bed downstream to the regions where Co2+ species exist. However, one can prevent the diffusion of Co2+ species to the structure of γ- alumina using aluminates as supports.
Síntese de titanatos alcalinos e avaliação na transesterificação catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-11)
Marciniuk, Letícia Ledo
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9243858170287624
Three methods for the synthesis of sodium titanates were investigated: solid state treatment (800 oC), hydrothermal treatment (110 oC) and sol-gel method (55 oC). The titanium oxide was used as starting compound for xerothermal and hydrothermal treatments. The titanium (IV) n-butoxide was used in the sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray, atomic absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry coupled to mass spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The materials synthesized were used as heterogeneous-basic catalysts in the transesterification reaction between ethyl acetate and methanol, performed under mild conditions: 50 oC, 30 min of reaction time, 4 wt. % of catalyst and molar ratio of ester:alcohol 1:6. The solid prepared by sol-gel method was the most active leading to esters yields around 30 %. This non-calcined material showed high catalytic stability. The loss of activity on the fourth cycle was accompanied by the appearance of a new species of oxygen, identified using XPS analysis. The XPS spectrum showed that the basic character of this oxygen species was inferior to that of the original species, which could explain the loss of catalytic activity. The deactivation was accompanied by the intensification of a second Na 1s component at higher binding energy. The migration of these ions to the catalyst surface reduced their availability for the formation of active Ti-O-Na+ sites, which explain the loss of catalytic activity after the fourth test cycle or after calcination of the material, both of which resulted in the same effect.
As representações sociais das mudanças do clima e suas implicações no processo de territorialização: os Bijagós da ilha de Formosa, Guiné-Bissau
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-11)
Santy, Boaventura Rodrigues Vaz Horta
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8398564807934695
The study describes and analyzes sociologically, from a qualitative approach, the social representations of the people of the island of Formosa Bijagó about possible threats related to climate change, its consequences in terms of the form of territorial occupation and way of life characteristic of that group. For this, we adopted the following methodological procedures: a) A review of the state of the art about the concepts of vulnerability related to climate change, the increasing vulnerability, risk and social representations, b) documentary research and fieldwork. For Bijagó the natural and the social are inextricably linked, to the extent that a crisis in the social system would have negative effects on natural sistem. Thus, the adverse changes that are occurring in nature around them, would be signs of displeasure from their ancestors about the differences and crises with the community, which are in power to control and manipulate the events of nature.
Processamento digital de imagens para inferência de risco de doença fúngica da bananicultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-11)
Bendini, Hugo do Nascimento
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Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0260327521376255
The digital image processing has been used to solve a significant number of problems in the agricultural sector, especially with the evolution of remote sensing systems. This work presents a computational model based on digital image processing and remote sensing to infer about the risk in the agricultural environment. To validate the method, a experimental study was conducted about the risk of fungal disease in banana plantations. Temporal series of meteorological and monitoring data of the disease, organized in classes for the definition of probability distribution models, based on polynomial functions were used to validate results as well as satellite images integrated by fusion techniques, geometric corrections and re-sampling with interpolators based on kriging techniques. Fusion methods by IHS (Intensity, Hue, and Saturation) and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and the Gaussian models, exponential and cylindrical for the ordinary kriging were tested. The IHS fusion technique demonstrated to be more interesting in relation the PCA technique, with correlation coefficients between bands 2, 3 and 4 originals and hybrids, of 0.2318, 0.0304 and 0.1800, respectively. The method of ordinary kriging for re-sampling of the images showed better results when adjusted by the Gaussian model. The proposed method is feasible to the development of risk maps of disease occurrence, since confer spatial and temporal variability in relation to the model existing on the literature for the region.
Influência da geometria da nanocarga na estruturação, orientação e propriedades de filmes tubulares de nanocompósitos de PA6
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-13)
Marini, Juliano
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Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4533610255047654
The structure and morphology of polymers and consequently their properties are dependent on the processing conditions. During the blown film process, high shear and elongational flows can induce a preferred orientation of the polymer chains; controlling the process conditions, it is possible to obtain films with anisotropic properties. Polymeric nanocomposites have attracted industrial and scientific interest due the possibility of obtaining materials with improved thermal, mechanical, and permeation properties by the addition of small contents of inorganic fillers. This dispersed phase can also be affected by the processing conditions and also develop a preferred orientation, and influence the three-dimensional structure of the composite and its properties. In this work, the influence of the nanoparticle s (NPs) shape and processing conditions on the structure (with emphasis on the orientation characteristics) of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites blown films was evaluated, by the incorporation of an one-dimensional NP (halloysite HNT, with a hollow tubular structure) and a two-dimensional NP (montmorillonite MMT, with lamellar structure) to the polymeric matrix. Using a constant NP content (fixed above the theoretical percolation threshold) and evaluating the presence or absence of the NP s superficial treatment, blown films were obtained in four different processing conditions, varying the take-up and blow-up ratios (TUR and BUR, respectively) and using a fixed mass flow. Unexpectedly, all the films exhibited a preferred orientation of the crystalline lamellae along the normal direction, i.e., along the film thickness, independently of the processing conditions. This behavior was explained by the cooling conditions and initial preferred orientation of the polymer chains in the annular die exit. On the other hand, the NPs presented a preferred orientation along the flow direction and were well distributed and dispersed through the matrix. The film s thermal dynamicviii mechanic, tensile, permeation and optical behaviors were consistent with the structure observed and significant improvements of these properties were achieved for the films of organically treated HNT and MMT PA6 nanocomposites. Regarding the NP s shape, greater aspect ratio and surface area, in the presence of good interfacial interactions, promoted a greater efficiency of reinforcement.
ACUMAAF: ambiente de computação ubíqua para o monitoramento e avaliação de atividade física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-13)
Nunes, Douglas Fabiano de Sousa
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Souza, Wanderley Lopes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742302894743620
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3268006553416933
The physical inactivity has been indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the main risk factors for the incidence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCDs). Millions of deaths in the world are a result of these diseases, and this number has increased each year. In an attempt to change this scenario WHO has stimulated regular practice of physical activities, because they play an important role in preventing CNCDs. In Brazil, these activities are performed by health units which generate a large amount of data that need treatment. To deal with this problem we developed UCEMEPA, an environment that employs Ubiquitous Computing technologies and wireless communication networks, in order to monitor remotely and evaluate participants of physical activity groups in real-time. This environment automatically collects physiologic data, and provides indicators which will support and direct public policies for promoting physical activity. In this sense, UCEMEPA will contribute for the promotion of health and quality of life, and for the conduction of longitudinal studies aiming to establish correlations between the practice of physical activity and CNCDs prevention.
A pedagogização do sexo da criança: do corpo ao dispositivo da infância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-13)
Moruzzi, Andrea Braga
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1502374705668286
Cette recherche tente de relever et d analyser les différentes pratiques qui produisirent l enfance moderne. Nous sommes partis de la notion que le XVIIIème Siècle investit de façon spécifique au niveau du corps de l enfant, en produisant une série de pratiques qui s inscrivent dans un processus de pédagogisation de son sexe. Cette pédagogisation, de son côté, se déroule dans un premier temps, au travers d un silence et d une négation de l existence de la sexualité de l enfant, mais dans un deuxième temps, déclenche une explosion de pratiques qui iront, par ailleurs, exalter, expliquer, inciter, « libérer », traiter, soigner, etc., toutes ses manifestations autour de son corps. Notre hypothèse est que, à partir du moment où l enfant devient un des groupes stratégiques du dispositif de la sexualité, un ensemble hétérogène de régimes de vérités et pratiques se produit sur lui, de sorte que s installe chez cet enfant une façon d être et d avoir une enfance. Ainsi, la présente recherche a investi dans l idée que l enfance est à l image de la sexualité, un dispositif du pouvoir. Nous présentons trois groupes de pratiques que nous appelons ici Pratiques pédagogiques, Pratiques divisantes et identitaires de genre et de sexualité et Pratiques médicales. À partir de certaines caractéristiques attribuées au concept de dispositif, nous avons tenté d élucider au sein de ces pratiques les lignes de visibilité et d énonciation, celles de force et celles de subjectivation qui convergent dans le dispositif de l enfance. Nous observons que les pratiques qui engendrèrent l enfance moderne s inscrivent dans un mouvement qui va de l analyse minutieuse du corps à la configuration d une manière de vivre, de se comporter, de se vêtir, d habiter, de s exprimer, qui configure chez les enfants une façon de vivre l enfance.
Métodos para reconhecimento de íris em ambiente não cooperativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-14)
Souza, Jones Mendonça de
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Fernandes, Marcio Merino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7278634019537967
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6350509072133516
The identification of humans by their iris structure has been explored since 1993, when the first algorithm was made available by John Daugman. Since then, iris recognition systems are widely used for access control of several kinds of environments. Such systems typically requires the user´s cooperation, appropriate lighting conditions, and images obtained in the infra-red band. Dynamic methods for biometric identification has been the subject of studies in the past few years, including iris recognition in non-cooperative environments. This paper proposes a pre-processing methodology to enable iris images classification taken in a noncooperative setting, from users at a certain distance, or while moving. The methodology aims to select images from the visible band containing an acceptable level of noise, and as such being suitable to apply the classification algorithms. Experimental results have shown that images with up to 40% of noise can still be used, suggesting the methodology may be useful as an aid to implement iris recognition systems at distance or in motion.
Crianças e adolescentes com plumbemia: habilidades sociais, funcionamento intelectual e problemas de comportamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-15)
Dascanio, Denise
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1569705610267991
The World Health Organization has established that blood lead levels beyond 10μg/dl can cause neural behavior alterations in children, such as deficits in psychological development, hyperactivity, language development and cognition. This recognized group of potential hazards generated by blood lead level could lead to thinking about compromising of infantile interpersonal relations and social skills. Considering the absence of studies that explore the relation between high lead blood level, cognitive deficits and social skills, behavior problems, and parental educational practices, these seem to be important variables that deserve mensuration. As such, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between the repertoire of social skills, academic and intellectual achievement, the behavior problems, as well as the parental educational practices of children and adolescents with different blood lead levels with a comparation group, without blood lead levels. The sample was composed by 105 participants, their ages varying between 8 and 17 years old, with high and low blood lead level, their respective parents or legal guardians and their teachers. The other 50 participants, with their respective parents or legal guardians and teachers, with the same social demographic characteristics, but without any history of lead intoxication, composed the sample. The participants were divided in three groups: GAP - Group with High Blood Lead Level(higher than 10μg/dl); GBP Group with Low Blood Lead Level (lower than 5μg/dl) and GC Comparation Group(without lead blood levels). The following instruments were used: Criteria of Economical Classification Brasil; Social Skills Rating SSRS-BR (child and professor version); Inventory of Social Skills for Adolescents- IHSA- Del-Prette; the Inventory of Parental Styles- IEP, child and parent version, the WISC-III and the TDE. In order to achieve the objectives proposed here, five articles were produced. One theoretical manuscript, approaching blood lead levels, risk factors and protection, public health issues and the psychology role in dealing with this issue and the effects. . Other referring to the social repertoire, intellectual and academic performance of adolescents with high and low blood levels (Manuscript II). The manuscript III that investigated the variation of social skills, behavior problems and academic competence regarding the blood lead levels, as to verify the possible protective role of social skills. Manuscript IV assessed the educational practices of children caregivers with different lead blood levels. For that, the psychometrics qualities of an inventory were tested, which evaluates the parental styles, both in the mother s perceptions and the son s, the IEP. Finally, Manuscript V, that had the objective of identifying variables (social skills, parenting practices, behavior problems and academic competence) that distinguish the children with and without intoxication by the metal lead and the possible protective role of social skills on behavioral problems in both groups. In general lines, the results showed more losses (more behavior problems, less academic competence and less social skills, when evaluated by the teacher) for the participants with high and low blood lead levels when compared to the group without blood lead levels. In regards to social skills, it has found a discrepancy between the autoevaluation and the teacher s evaluation. In selfevaluation perspective, the infected children evaluated their social skills more positively than their teachers. Research and practical questions are discussed from these results.
Natureza e responsabilidade: Hans Jonas e a biologização do ser moral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-15)
Sganzerla, Anor
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737568076559541
The challenge of Hans Jonas s philosophy lies in thinking of an ethics for the technological civilization. As he recognizes that modern technology, instead of being a vocation or an instrument, has become a power, a movement of autonomous and ambivalent character which compromises the continuity of human life and extra-human life in the future, Jonas has found in ethics the antidote for protecting life from this pursuit of development related to technological civilization. Jonas identifies the basis for this euphoria for progress and for improvement promoted by this ideal on the Baconian project of salvation of humanity through scientific progress. However, for the author, along with the demonstration of the possible blessings, there are also threats, which are invisible, since only the advantages and benefits are presented. In this way, the philosopher claims that the danger lies not in human incapability or lack of capacity for fulfillment, but in human excessive capacity, together with homo faber s power over homo sapiens. Considering this new scenario of technological civilization, according to Jonas, traditional ethics became insufficient, for his interest was related to guiding man s life here and now. The need for protecting the authenticity of life in the future from the power of modern technology demands a widening of the ethical sphere so that it reaches beyond the anthropocentric perspective and the current moment. However, this widening of the ethical universe does not mean to be a retrocess or even an impediment of the development of scientific technological progress. An Ethos for technology must be found, that is, a power over the power , in order to keep the actions from being nihilistic, based on the force of the power of an unbound Prometheus. The aim is, therefore, to place a voluntary restraint, before it becomes necessary to impose this limit due to the vulnerability of nature and man, always revealed as damaged. Jonas finds the basis for this new Ethos on a philosophy of biology or a philosophy of life. As a result, the author does not intend to promote a moralization of nature, but a biologization of the moral being, considering that responsibility, in man, is ontological. As he reinserts man in nature and resignifies categories such as life, liberty, spirit, metabolism, among others, Jonas observes that ethics is already present in these categories in an ontological way, since life says yes to itself in the sense of continuity, and it says no to non-being. Consequently, responsibility imposes itself as an ethical commandment and an ontological duty, which makes responsibility represent the recognition of the Being that demands that my action recognize his intrinsic good, rather than a calculation ex post facto. As he establishes the continuity of human life and authentic extra-human life in the future as the first commandment of the ethics of responsibility, and considering that responsibility is, therefore, proportional to our power, Jonas uses the model of paternal responsibility, of parental care for the newly-born, as a prototype for the ethics of responsibility in the future. It refers to something in which there is no reciprocity, but its existence requires the duty of care and of preservation. The emphasis given by Jonas to the heuristic of fear, as a method to fight the pursuit of progress at any cost, based on the principle of in dubio pro malo, makes prudence, caution, and precaution the new ethical values of man in technological civilization.
Seleção de indicadores ecológicos para a avaliação de planos de restauração de áreas degradadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-16)
Fonseca, Vitor Hugo de Campos
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5322017086796240
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Almeida, Vilma Palazetti de
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/1498167210765971
Ecological indicators are useful tools for forest monitoring. It is known that most restoration projects are doomed to failure due to factors of multiple spheres, and lead to a succession challenge course desirable. The practical relevance of the concept of ecological integrity objectives directed this study that, in general seeks to define practical indicators that can express the conditions of the areas restored in the early stages of restoration (up to 5 years). The indicators were rated from 0 to 3, according to criteria such as ease of measurement, degree of variation of response, ability to predict changes in the system, and weights of 1 to 3, given the degree of importance of each attribute of the indicators . The product of the note by the weight of each indicator expressed a measure of its efficiency (EF). In relation to indicators of composition, structure and function in each area, the AE2 was the one that appeared in better health. In relation to indicators of composition, structure and function of the area Itu (AE2) which was presented in a better position when compared to AE1. Among the indicators of composition, richness, diversity (H ') and the presence of exotic species were the most effective attributes, in relation to the structure, attributes were more effective tree density, the average annual increment of the variables and the dendrometric the indicator function, land cover, competition and sanity were more efficient in detecting changes and changes in areas so fast, convenient and understandable.
Tradução automática estatística baseada em sintaxe e linguagens de árvores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-19)
Beck, Daniel Emilio
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0876169547835331
Machine Translation (MT) is one of the classic Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. The state-of-the-art in MT is represented by statistical methods that aim to learn all necessary linguistic knowledge automatically through large collections of texts (corpora). However, while the quality of statistical MT systems had improved, nowadays these advances are not significant. For this reason, research in the area have sought to involve more explicit linguistic knowledge in these systems. One issue that purely statistical MT systems have is the lack of correct treatment of syntactic phenomena. Thus, one of the research directions when trying to incorporate linguistic knowledge in those systems is through the addition of syntactic rules. To accomplish this, many methods and formalisms with this goal in mind are studied. This text presents the investigation of methods which aim to advance the state-of-the-art in statistical MT through models that consider syntactic information. The methods and formalisms studied are those used to deal with tree languages, mainly Tree Substitution Grammars (TSGs) and Tree-to-String (TTS) Transducers. From this work, a greater understanding was obtained about the studied formalisms and their behavior when used in NLP applications.
A Educação a Distância e a formação de professores na UFSCar : a autoridade, a autonomia e o corpo mediados pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-19)
Verdan, Kelly Cristiane da Silva
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Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9642286425653813
This present work aims to investigate the implementation of distance education as a mode of education with to formation in pedagogy at the University Federal of San Carlos, noting the authority and the body present or absent in pedagogical relationships mediated by Information Technology and Communication. Therefore a study was conducted on Culture, Technology and Education to draw a picture about the prevalence of technology in everyday society, then addressing public policies for the implementation of distance learning in Brazil, highlighting how this type of education occurred on UFSCar. After that, through interviews and questionnaires were analyzed issues mentioned above, through the theoretical framework of critical theory.
Ensaio sobre soberania e educação-de-Estado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-20)
Augusto, Gabriel Luiz
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5629561834911404
This study aim is the investigation of the intersection between the theological-political spheres and the process of subjectivity in the modernity. Through genealogical procedures, we tryed to investigate the birth of the concepts of sovereignty and State, in the end of the late medieval and early modern times, watching some reflections on how works the modern state machine and its images, through the discourses subjectivityoperators / educators. The term education-of-state refers to the process whereby certain educational techniques perpetuates and makes absolutes the discourse of contemporary state. The objective is, in the end, to think the practices of subjectivation beyond education-of-state and unbind the sovereignty of traditional images.
Avaliação de pegas e sobrecarga dos membros superiores durante o manuseio de caixas : aspectos biomecânicos e perceptuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-21)
Silva, Luciana Cristina da Cunha Bueno
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Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5169337811836823
Manual material handling (MMH) is a common task in occupational environments and has been associated with musculoskeletal disorders at low back and upper limbs. Studies have shown that the correct hand/box coupling can minimize the risks for upper limb disorders, suggesting the use of handles as a way to reduce the physical demand required by the task. However, even when the boxes have handles, the workers not always use them during handling, suggesting the need for new boxes and handles designs. In order to improve the knowledge in this area, this thesis was composed by three studies: the first study was exploratory and the main objective was to descriptively and objectively evaluate how experienced workers performed cardboard boxes handling activities in an industry setting. The range of movements for wrists, forearms and elbows were objectively evaluated through electrogoniometry. The boxes had already received an ergonomic intervention, implemented six months before the data collection. The ergonomic intervention evaluated was the insertion of cutout handles in the cardboard boxes. The main results indicated that the way the worker grasps the box is crucial to the upper limbs movements during handling tasks. Thus, one hypothesis was that the positioning of the hands close to the bottom face would give workers greater control and biomechanical advantage regarding the load. In this sense, the second and third studies were performed. These studies had been carried out both experimentally in a laboratory setting, and followed the same data collection methodology. Inclinometers and electromyography equipments were added to the data collection. The aim of the second study was to evaluate a new prototype cardboard, developed as an alternative design to the one evaluated in the first study. The results showed that cardboard prototypes were resistant for reuse in internal transport, comfortable and safer for wrist and elbow movements, as well had promoted a reduced muscle demand on electromyography activity for wrist extensors and biceps brachii, when compared to the commercial boxes. Considering that the cardboard boxes are limited to the transportation of dried products, it is suggested the need for new boxes designs using other types of materials. In this sense, new plastic prototypes have been developed. The aim of the third study was: to compare the common commercial boxes with plastic prototypes boxes regarding their effect on upper limb posture, muscle electrical activity and perceived pleasantness of volunteers about their perception of upper limbs comfort during handling tasks. The prototypes allowed changes in handle position (top and bottom) and inclination (0 °, 15° and 30°). The prototypes with handles positioned at 30° were positive for the elbow flexion, shoulders elevation and ulnar deviation of the wrists. The results of present thesis showed that the best box to be used depends on conditions such as the type of conveyed material and height of the handling surfaces at the work environments. The evaluated prototypes showed good durability and costeffective, and can be used in industrial environments, especially for internal transportation. The studies have increased our understanding of safer conditions and more comfortable grips, promoted safer movements and required less electrical muscle activity when compared to commercial boxes. In future studies, we suggest that individuals with experience in manual handling tasks were also evaluated and new joints and muscle groups are also evaluated.
Partidos e grupos políticos num município do sertão de Pernambuco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-21)
Camargo, Carla Souza de
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Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4386781473707188
This dissertation aims to describe the settings and practices of political parties at Monsanto, an interior municipality of Pernambuco, from an intensive field research conducted in February, March and April 2010. The political activity in this city, far from operating only the possibilities of action offered by political parties, takes place also in the particular arrangements of two collectivities - political group and family. I will seek to describe how political parties are central to the political constitution of this city, by offering mechanisms and logics without all the political calculus of my research interlocutors would not take place. My purpose in this sense will be to describe how each of the parts that compose the local politics does not relate only to the opposition and exclusion on the other, but through acts of composition, presupposition and mutual political actualization. At the same time, I try to point how the political involvement in Monsanto is not a product of ignorance or inexistence of modern practices of democracy, which, in contrast, are equated within their political logics.