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Crianças e adolescentes com plumbemia: habilidades sociais, funcionamento intelectual e problemas de comportamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-15)
Dascanio, Denise
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1569705610267991
The World Health Organization has established that blood lead levels beyond 10μg/dl can cause neural behavior alterations in children, such as deficits in psychological development, hyperactivity, language development and cognition. This recognized group of potential hazards generated by blood lead level could lead to thinking about compromising of infantile interpersonal relations and social skills. Considering the absence of studies that explore the relation between high lead blood level, cognitive deficits and social skills, behavior problems, and parental educational practices, these seem to be important variables that deserve mensuration. As such, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between the repertoire of social skills, academic and intellectual achievement, the behavior problems, as well as the parental educational practices of children and adolescents with different blood lead levels with a comparation group, without blood lead levels. The sample was composed by 105 participants, their ages varying between 8 and 17 years old, with high and low blood lead level, their respective parents or legal guardians and their teachers. The other 50 participants, with their respective parents or legal guardians and teachers, with the same social demographic characteristics, but without any history of lead intoxication, composed the sample. The participants were divided in three groups: GAP - Group with High Blood Lead Level(higher than 10μg/dl); GBP Group with Low Blood Lead Level (lower than 5μg/dl) and GC Comparation Group(without lead blood levels). The following instruments were used: Criteria of Economical Classification Brasil; Social Skills Rating SSRS-BR (child and professor version); Inventory of Social Skills for Adolescents- IHSA- Del-Prette; the Inventory of Parental Styles- IEP, child and parent version, the WISC-III and the TDE. In order to achieve the objectives proposed here, five articles were produced. One theoretical manuscript, approaching blood lead levels, risk factors and protection, public health issues and the psychology role in dealing with this issue and the effects. . Other referring to the social repertoire, intellectual and academic performance of adolescents with high and low blood levels (Manuscript II). The manuscript III that investigated the variation of social skills, behavior problems and academic competence regarding the blood lead levels, as to verify the possible protective role of social skills. Manuscript IV assessed the educational practices of children caregivers with different lead blood levels. For that, the psychometrics qualities of an inventory were tested, which evaluates the parental styles, both in the mother s perceptions and the son s, the IEP. Finally, Manuscript V, that had the objective of identifying variables (social skills, parenting practices, behavior problems and academic competence) that distinguish the children with and without intoxication by the metal lead and the possible protective role of social skills on behavioral problems in both groups. In general lines, the results showed more losses (more behavior problems, less academic competence and less social skills, when evaluated by the teacher) for the participants with high and low blood lead levels when compared to the group without blood lead levels. In regards to social skills, it has found a discrepancy between the autoevaluation and the teacher s evaluation. In selfevaluation perspective, the infected children evaluated their social skills more positively than their teachers. Research and practical questions are discussed from these results.
Natureza e responsabilidade: Hans Jonas e a biologização do ser moral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-15)
Sganzerla, Anor
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737568076559541
The challenge of Hans Jonas s philosophy lies in thinking of an ethics for the technological civilization. As he recognizes that modern technology, instead of being a vocation or an instrument, has become a power, a movement of autonomous and ambivalent character which compromises the continuity of human life and extra-human life in the future, Jonas has found in ethics the antidote for protecting life from this pursuit of development related to technological civilization. Jonas identifies the basis for this euphoria for progress and for improvement promoted by this ideal on the Baconian project of salvation of humanity through scientific progress. However, for the author, along with the demonstration of the possible blessings, there are also threats, which are invisible, since only the advantages and benefits are presented. In this way, the philosopher claims that the danger lies not in human incapability or lack of capacity for fulfillment, but in human excessive capacity, together with homo faber s power over homo sapiens. Considering this new scenario of technological civilization, according to Jonas, traditional ethics became insufficient, for his interest was related to guiding man s life here and now. The need for protecting the authenticity of life in the future from the power of modern technology demands a widening of the ethical sphere so that it reaches beyond the anthropocentric perspective and the current moment. However, this widening of the ethical universe does not mean to be a retrocess or even an impediment of the development of scientific technological progress. An Ethos for technology must be found, that is, a power over the power , in order to keep the actions from being nihilistic, based on the force of the power of an unbound Prometheus. The aim is, therefore, to place a voluntary restraint, before it becomes necessary to impose this limit due to the vulnerability of nature and man, always revealed as damaged. Jonas finds the basis for this new Ethos on a philosophy of biology or a philosophy of life. As a result, the author does not intend to promote a moralization of nature, but a biologization of the moral being, considering that responsibility, in man, is ontological. As he reinserts man in nature and resignifies categories such as life, liberty, spirit, metabolism, among others, Jonas observes that ethics is already present in these categories in an ontological way, since life says yes to itself in the sense of continuity, and it says no to non-being. Consequently, responsibility imposes itself as an ethical commandment and an ontological duty, which makes responsibility represent the recognition of the Being that demands that my action recognize his intrinsic good, rather than a calculation ex post facto. As he establishes the continuity of human life and authentic extra-human life in the future as the first commandment of the ethics of responsibility, and considering that responsibility is, therefore, proportional to our power, Jonas uses the model of paternal responsibility, of parental care for the newly-born, as a prototype for the ethics of responsibility in the future. It refers to something in which there is no reciprocity, but its existence requires the duty of care and of preservation. The emphasis given by Jonas to the heuristic of fear, as a method to fight the pursuit of progress at any cost, based on the principle of in dubio pro malo, makes prudence, caution, and precaution the new ethical values of man in technological civilization.
Seleção de indicadores ecológicos para a avaliação de planos de restauração de áreas degradadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-16)
Fonseca, Vitor Hugo de Campos
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5322017086796240
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Almeida, Vilma Palazetti de
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/1498167210765971
Ecological indicators are useful tools for forest monitoring. It is known that most restoration projects are doomed to failure due to factors of multiple spheres, and lead to a succession challenge course desirable. The practical relevance of the concept of ecological integrity objectives directed this study that, in general seeks to define practical indicators that can express the conditions of the areas restored in the early stages of restoration (up to 5 years). The indicators were rated from 0 to 3, according to criteria such as ease of measurement, degree of variation of response, ability to predict changes in the system, and weights of 1 to 3, given the degree of importance of each attribute of the indicators . The product of the note by the weight of each indicator expressed a measure of its efficiency (EF). In relation to indicators of composition, structure and function in each area, the AE2 was the one that appeared in better health. In relation to indicators of composition, structure and function of the area Itu (AE2) which was presented in a better position when compared to AE1. Among the indicators of composition, richness, diversity (H ') and the presence of exotic species were the most effective attributes, in relation to the structure, attributes were more effective tree density, the average annual increment of the variables and the dendrometric the indicator function, land cover, competition and sanity were more efficient in detecting changes and changes in areas so fast, convenient and understandable.
Tradução automática estatística baseada em sintaxe e linguagens de árvores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-19)
Beck, Daniel Emilio
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0876169547835331
Machine Translation (MT) is one of the classic Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. The state-of-the-art in MT is represented by statistical methods that aim to learn all necessary linguistic knowledge automatically through large collections of texts (corpora). However, while the quality of statistical MT systems had improved, nowadays these advances are not significant. For this reason, research in the area have sought to involve more explicit linguistic knowledge in these systems. One issue that purely statistical MT systems have is the lack of correct treatment of syntactic phenomena. Thus, one of the research directions when trying to incorporate linguistic knowledge in those systems is through the addition of syntactic rules. To accomplish this, many methods and formalisms with this goal in mind are studied. This text presents the investigation of methods which aim to advance the state-of-the-art in statistical MT through models that consider syntactic information. The methods and formalisms studied are those used to deal with tree languages, mainly Tree Substitution Grammars (TSGs) and Tree-to-String (TTS) Transducers. From this work, a greater understanding was obtained about the studied formalisms and their behavior when used in NLP applications.
A Educação a Distância e a formação de professores na UFSCar : a autoridade, a autonomia e o corpo mediados pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-19)
Verdan, Kelly Cristiane da Silva
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Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9642286425653813
This present work aims to investigate the implementation of distance education as a mode of education with to formation in pedagogy at the University Federal of San Carlos, noting the authority and the body present or absent in pedagogical relationships mediated by Information Technology and Communication. Therefore a study was conducted on Culture, Technology and Education to draw a picture about the prevalence of technology in everyday society, then addressing public policies for the implementation of distance learning in Brazil, highlighting how this type of education occurred on UFSCar. After that, through interviews and questionnaires were analyzed issues mentioned above, through the theoretical framework of critical theory.
Ensaio sobre soberania e educação-de-Estado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-20)
Augusto, Gabriel Luiz
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5629561834911404
This study aim is the investigation of the intersection between the theological-political spheres and the process of subjectivity in the modernity. Through genealogical procedures, we tryed to investigate the birth of the concepts of sovereignty and State, in the end of the late medieval and early modern times, watching some reflections on how works the modern state machine and its images, through the discourses subjectivityoperators / educators. The term education-of-state refers to the process whereby certain educational techniques perpetuates and makes absolutes the discourse of contemporary state. The objective is, in the end, to think the practices of subjectivation beyond education-of-state and unbind the sovereignty of traditional images.
Avaliação de pegas e sobrecarga dos membros superiores durante o manuseio de caixas : aspectos biomecânicos e perceptuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-21)
Silva, Luciana Cristina da Cunha Bueno
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Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5169337811836823
Manual material handling (MMH) is a common task in occupational environments and has been associated with musculoskeletal disorders at low back and upper limbs. Studies have shown that the correct hand/box coupling can minimize the risks for upper limb disorders, suggesting the use of handles as a way to reduce the physical demand required by the task. However, even when the boxes have handles, the workers not always use them during handling, suggesting the need for new boxes and handles designs. In order to improve the knowledge in this area, this thesis was composed by three studies: the first study was exploratory and the main objective was to descriptively and objectively evaluate how experienced workers performed cardboard boxes handling activities in an industry setting. The range of movements for wrists, forearms and elbows were objectively evaluated through electrogoniometry. The boxes had already received an ergonomic intervention, implemented six months before the data collection. The ergonomic intervention evaluated was the insertion of cutout handles in the cardboard boxes. The main results indicated that the way the worker grasps the box is crucial to the upper limbs movements during handling tasks. Thus, one hypothesis was that the positioning of the hands close to the bottom face would give workers greater control and biomechanical advantage regarding the load. In this sense, the second and third studies were performed. These studies had been carried out both experimentally in a laboratory setting, and followed the same data collection methodology. Inclinometers and electromyography equipments were added to the data collection. The aim of the second study was to evaluate a new prototype cardboard, developed as an alternative design to the one evaluated in the first study. The results showed that cardboard prototypes were resistant for reuse in internal transport, comfortable and safer for wrist and elbow movements, as well had promoted a reduced muscle demand on electromyography activity for wrist extensors and biceps brachii, when compared to the commercial boxes. Considering that the cardboard boxes are limited to the transportation of dried products, it is suggested the need for new boxes designs using other types of materials. In this sense, new plastic prototypes have been developed. The aim of the third study was: to compare the common commercial boxes with plastic prototypes boxes regarding their effect on upper limb posture, muscle electrical activity and perceived pleasantness of volunteers about their perception of upper limbs comfort during handling tasks. The prototypes allowed changes in handle position (top and bottom) and inclination (0 °, 15° and 30°). The prototypes with handles positioned at 30° were positive for the elbow flexion, shoulders elevation and ulnar deviation of the wrists. The results of present thesis showed that the best box to be used depends on conditions such as the type of conveyed material and height of the handling surfaces at the work environments. The evaluated prototypes showed good durability and costeffective, and can be used in industrial environments, especially for internal transportation. The studies have increased our understanding of safer conditions and more comfortable grips, promoted safer movements and required less electrical muscle activity when compared to commercial boxes. In future studies, we suggest that individuals with experience in manual handling tasks were also evaluated and new joints and muscle groups are also evaluated.
Partidos e grupos políticos num município do sertão de Pernambuco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-21)
Camargo, Carla Souza de
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Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4386781473707188
This dissertation aims to describe the settings and practices of political parties at Monsanto, an interior municipality of Pernambuco, from an intensive field research conducted in February, March and April 2010. The political activity in this city, far from operating only the possibilities of action offered by political parties, takes place also in the particular arrangements of two collectivities - political group and family. I will seek to describe how political parties are central to the political constitution of this city, by offering mechanisms and logics without all the political calculus of my research interlocutors would not take place. My purpose in this sense will be to describe how each of the parts that compose the local politics does not relate only to the opposition and exclusion on the other, but through acts of composition, presupposition and mutual political actualization. At the same time, I try to point how the political involvement in Monsanto is not a product of ignorance or inexistence of modern practices of democracy, which, in contrast, are equated within their political logics.
De cleaner a waiter: trajetórias de trabalhadores brasileiros em Londres
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-22)
Martins Junior, Angelo
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2540009751058701
The aim of this dissertation is to analyze a group of Brazilian workers who are in London doing some "unskilled job" in the service sector. It is intended to verify: the alleged reasons to migrate; how it developed throughout the process of displacement, arrival and adaptation in the new society; the working conditions that these immigrants are submitted; the social networks used to obtain and maintain the work; and the intra-Community relations. In a context of mobility of people between continents and region, social networks act as mediators that facilitate these movements, since the social contacts provide initial information to obtain access to housing, work and other material or symbolic goods. However, those individuals who "constitute social ties" are not always supportive and these links will not provide gains to all, and it may exclude some while includes others. Inserted into a new social logic and working on activities that they would not perform in their country of origin, these immigrants assume new values in relation to work, building new forms of social differentiation and justification. The research is the result of two distinct moments. First an exploratory study was conducted from an experience as student and casual worker for nine months in London, in which was developed ethnography of social relations and work in the "community" of informal Brazilian workers. Secondly, in-depth interviews were conducted in order to recover the trajectory of life of these migrant.
O gênero musical samba como conteúdo cultural no ensino de PLE : uma experiência com aprendentes hispanofalantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-22)
Tonelli, Fernanda
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Barbosa, Lúcia Maria de Assunção
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5030878430187815
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7748078290997968
This Master research focuses the use of samba as a means of working culture in Portuguese as a Foreign Language class. For this, we conducted a content-based course about samba for Spanish speakers to analyze how the samba can be configured as a way to teach cultural aspects related to language and to identify the impressions of these learners about learning Portuguese through this cultural content. We assume the proposal that the place of language is the same as the culture, so there is no way to separate these two elements in the teaching/learning a foreign language. As a social manifestation of great representative for the Brazilian culture, samba was chosen in this research as a content that can reveal elements of cultural and national identity, thus, should contribute to the learning of Portuguese as a foreign language. The methodology adopted is qualitative and ethnography based and the procedures and data collection instruments were observation and notes, classes audio recording and questionnaires made at the beginning and at the end of the course. In this research, we verify the validity of using the samba as a pedagogical resource for teaching PLE, acting both as an initiator of cultural reflection in the classroom and as a voice that collaborates for the cultural discussion that is already started in class. Moreover, the samba was perceived by students as a source of cultural contact by several themes that his lyrics convey.
Desenvolvimento de biossensores utilizando nanotubos de carbono e nanopartículas de ouro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-22)
Janegitz, Bruno Campos
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7746094938977989
First, a glassy carbon electrode modified with functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and glucose oxidase was proposed. Cyclic voltammetry of GOx immobilized onto the surface of CNTs showed a pair of well-defined redox peaks, which corresponds to the direct electron transfer of GOx, with a formal potential of -0.418 V in 0.1 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0). An apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant of 1.69 s-1 was obtained. The determination of glucose was carried out by square wave voltammetry and the developed biosensor showed good reproducibility and stability. The second biosensor was a boron-doped diamond electrode modified with AuNPs electrodeposited and Tyrosinase (Tyr). The occurrence of direct electron transfer between the electrode surface and the Tyr active site was verified by cyclic voltammetry, yielding the following parameter values: formal redox potential of 0.115 V. The developed Tyr-AuNPs/BDD biosensor exhibits good sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility for the determination of phenol by SWV. The third proposed biosensor was developed based on acetylcholinesterase, gold nanoparticles and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) film on the surface of screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) for the determination of pesticides using a portable micromachined flow injection system. The AChE-AuNPs/SPCE biosensor presented a limit of detection of 5.0 x 10-8 mol L-1 for Diuron. In addition, the biosensor showed good sensitivity, stability and reproducibility for Diuron determination in water samples. Finally, a novel electrochemical immunosensor using electrodeposited gold nanoparticles modified-screen-printed carbon electrodes (AuNPs/SPCEs) was developed for the determination of prolactin.The variables involved in the preparation of the immunosensor and the electrochemical detection step were optimized, which presented a limit of detection of 10 ng mL-1. The analytical usefulness of the immnunosensor for the analysis of real samples was demonstrated by analyzing human serum spiked with PRL at two different concentration levels.
Propriedades eletrônicas e estruturais do Cu/ZrO2 aplicadas à reação do etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-22)
Sato, André Gustavo
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3495469721481454
Copper is a typical catalyst for dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. However, copper supported on ZrO2 was found to be extremely active and selective to convert ethanol directly to ethyl acetate. Several reports in the literature have been made attempting to explain the catalytic properties of the solid Cu/ZrO2. Nevertheless, the nature of active sites, the role of copper, ZrO2 and their interface require further study with the use of more accurate techniques. Since the precise identification of the active sites for the occurrence of this reaction is the first step to propose mechanisms that help to understand it. In this work, we conducted a study using copper supported on three different polymorphs of ZrO2: monoclinic (m-ZrO2), tetragonal (t-ZrO2) and amorphous (am-ZrO2). Thus, the interaction of copper phase with ZrO2 would be limited to changes in textural, structural and electronic properties intrinsic to each polymorph, and not to the chemical composition in the case of we chose other support oxide. With an innovative and challenging proposal, this thesis developed by itself conducting in advanced characterizations of the structure and electronic state of the Cu/ZrO2 activated in H2. The analytical approach adopted for the characterization of the Cu/ZrO2 was performed by monitoring its in situ activation by the temperature programmed reduction in H2 with technique using synchrotron radiation like X-ray Absorption spectroscopy. Although reactions in heterogeneous catalysis proceed on the surface of an active catalyst, the properties of the surface can be influenced or determined by the bulk of the catalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy of adsorbed CO were used for Cu/ZrO2 active surface characterization. Catalytic tests show that the direct and efficient formation of ethyl acetate from ethanol depends on the chemical interface between Cu-ZrO2. However, it was found that higher performance of these catalysts to ethyl acetate does not occur at any interface. The property of Cu-ZrO2 interface varies according to the ZrO2 polymorphism, with the best performance in the ethyl acetate formation observed in the catalyst Cu/m-ZrO2. The premature loss in ethyl acetate selectivity observed at temperatures above 250 °C in Cu/m-ZrO2 revealed that the origin of its interface property can be associated with the oxygen mobility and lability from the bulk of the catalyst. Through the redox mechanism promoted by oxygen vacancies in am-ZrO2 and in m-ZrO2, an electron transfer between support and Cu surface would be established as to form highly active species to ethyl acetate.
Confiabilidade humana e o funcionamento normal de uma refinaria de petróleo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-22)
Borges, Fábio Morais
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9440105038133106
There is a distance between a design as planed and one developed effectively. It varies according to both the constraints involved in the design process and accuracy of design conception. Many projects are designed without taking into account the user‟s real needs. It makes difficult or impossible the developing of the tasks. To improve this scenario, the Ergonomics seeks to understand the activity to incorporate the workers perspective in the design and operation of sociotechnical systems. To reach this goal, it uses the Activity Analysis approach. It is on the situated activity that emerge the own skills and characteristics of human, in order to ensure the system stability. Thus, the human is the reliability factor of the system. It is called Human Reliability. It follows in this research, the assumption that the Activity Analysis is the most appropriate method to provide subsidies for a design focused on the needs of the task, increasing the supports that help ensure the operational reliability of the system. It were used analyzes carried out in a Petroleum Refinery for 3 years and a half of study. They enabled the development of designs that take into account the role of refinery workers as the most experts of his work. The analyzes used photographs and videos to understand more deeply the activity of the refinery workers. From these analyzes were extracted actions and strategies used to refinery workers to correct instabilities that are present at all times. It can generate incidents which lead to lose of control of the system as a whole, if not noticed at time. The workers do it using the representation of the system. The actions were classified into five categories, according to the elements mobilized for the recovery of the normal state of the system. It is proposed a Design Resilient Model that incorporates these actions and aims to ensure that new strategies, built from new constraints, are constantly evaluated and incorporated on the project, if possible. It emphasizes that even with the construction of the Model, it been possible realize that the conflicts that operators face in the daily routine of the Refinery are dynamic and cannot be translated for a Model. There will always be a remnant. There will always be hysteresis. Thus, the activity will continue to be the place where operators respond to these conflicts. Showing that, for the most appropriate to the needs of the task that is a model, the refinery workers will continue having to resolve conflicts in situated action.
Caminhos para a transição agroecológica: estudo com uma família do assentamento Fazenda Ipanema, Iperó (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-22)
Avila, João Eduardo Tombi de
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Assad, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379324550884468
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0701072376750140
Many farmers consider Agroecology a tool to produce sustainably. By changing their production systems, changing crops and inputs applied, aiming at a sustainable system, the family farmer search a transition agroecology. However, few among them can produce or advance in agroecological transition. A reason for this difficulty may be related to biomass production in quantity and quality to ensure the agroecosystems sustainability. The family agroecosystems tend to have greater biodiversity than large farms due to a tendency to polycultures, self, family pluriactivity, among other strategies. In this local biodiversity, plants play a key role and can be considered co-products. This study aimed to characterize a unit of production and family life (UPVF) adopting management practices aimed at agroecological transition, to discuss the importance of plant biomass in this transition process and to propose alternatives to achieve the fertility system. The research was developed at Iperó in Ipanema Farm settlement in the State of Sao Paulo. The UPVF studied occupies a plot of eight hectares and is divided into seven sectors of production. The family with whom this work was developed live in the settlement since 1992. The research aimed to detail the system features and the complexity of relationships in order to describe and analyze a case study setting. It was found that the biomass produced in UPVF did not meet the nutritional demand of the main sector of commercial product, the banana orchard. The proposed redesign sought to ally virtuous experiences and scenic beauty, attractive for humans. Thus, the UPVF redesign aimed at promoting the cradle areas of fertility, assisted in the production of plant biomass in abundance and quality (diversity), preferably in well accessible, as the surrounding residences, places of daily traffic and nearby areas containment of animals. Thus, it is expected to 16 contribute to the sense of pride in the family for the successful transformation of the local landscape and the awareness of what it represents.
Estudo dos alcaloides quinolônicos de Waltheria brachypetala Turcz: isolamento, determinação estrutural, biogênese, atividades fungitóxica e anticolinesterase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-26)
Lima, Murilo Marinho de Castro
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0473315948052236
Waltheria brachypetala Turcz (Malvaceae) is an endemic medicinal plant from brazilian northeast. This plant is commonly used on folk medicine as antifungal, antiinflamatory and to treatment of bronchitis and central nervous system disturbs. The aim of this work was the investigation of quinolone alkaloids produced by this plant. Through usual chromatographic methods of purification were isolated from hexane and diclorometane phases of roots and bark, nineteen quinolone alkaloids, being ten already reported on literature: antidesmone (1), N-methyl-antidesmone (2), desoxi-antidesmone (3), chamaedrone (4), hyeronimone (5), metil-hyeronimone (6), waltheriones A (7) and B (8), N-methyl-waltherione A (9), 4-O-methyl-waltherione A (10) and nine novel alkaloids: waltheriantidesmone (11), brachytelones A (12), B (13), C (14), D (15), waltheriones C (16) and D (17), N-methyl-waltherione B (18) and 10-hydroxi-waltherione D (19), along with common ciclycpeptides to Hermannieae. Were also isolated twocoumarinolignans cleomicine A (20) and acethylcleomicine A (21) as new to genus Waltheria, and other secondary metabolites common in plants. The hexane and dicloromethane phases of the bark were studied by HPLC-UV-MS/MS to make possible the identification of the probable biogenesis intermediates of the waltheriones: 9,10-epoxy-10-hydroxi-melochinone (22), 13-hydroxi-melochinone (23) e melochinone (24), along with vanessine (25) e waltheriahyeronimone (26), being 26 did not yet report on literature. The isolation of that alkaloids from W. brachypetala confirmes it as potential chemossistematic markers to Hermannieae tribe and it strengthens the hypothesisof chemossystematic to suggest possible evolutive similarity between Hermannieae (Malvaceae) and Antidesmeae (Phyllantaceae), as well as similarity of antidesomne biogenesis pathway with melochinone derivatives biogenesis pathway. The alkaloids11, 12 and 13 represent a new class of aryl-alkyl-quinolone alkaloids that are being reported by first time in this work. The biological potential of W. brachypetalawas evaluated on the inhibition of AChE enzime and fungitoxic assays against the citros phytopatogen Guignardia citricarpa. All quinolone alkaloids tested presented significant activity of inhibition of AChE in vitro detaching the aryl-alkyl-quinolone alkaloids: waltheriantidesmone, brachytelone A e brachytelone B, that inhibits AChE in 93%, 88,04% e 91,05%, respectively, on concentration of 100 μM and with low value of IC50. The alkaloids antidesmone, w-antidesmone, chamaedrone, brachytelone A and brachytelone B, apresentaram excelente fungitoxic activity against G. citricarpa, as much with regard to mycelial growth inhibition as to germination of spores and apressorium formation presenting low value ofIC50. It detaches that the alkaloids brachytelone A and waltheriantidesmone presented more potente than the commercial fungicide carbendazin at concentration of 5 μg/ml, being thus potential candidates to chemical control of the Black Spot of Citros.
Desenvolvimento ágil para groupware na Web 2.0
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-26)
Pereira, Vinicius
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7461408251475978
This project investigated an Agile Development Process for groupware on theWeb 2.0. The process has its based in different technologies, especially those of the Scrum agile method, integrated with functional testing at the acceptance level. To assist this integration, we established a greater intercommunication between the process disciplines, using the User Stories as artifacts in all disciplines. The process aims to take advantage of the agility of the Scrum without losing quality in the development of applications. It was developed based on the Scrum process, with the addition of technologies that support the creation and use of artifacts in the search for integration with functional testing. The process uses three disciplines, each one refining the User Stories, which occur in different degrees of abstraction throughout the development. These stories should be a most faithful portrait possible of user needs and are used both in the form of cards (Story Cards), for requirements specification, and in an executable format to guide the implementation and work as functional testing. Mockups are used to complement the requirements specified in the cards, assisting in the task of representing the requirements. This set is the basis for the creation of User Stories in executable format. Other modeling artifacts, like Class Diagram, can also be specified in order to elicit requirements of the application. The procedure is supported by tools developed to enable the integration of the functional tests. These tools define a tests specification language to write User Stories, created as a DLL for Visual Studio, and a converter of these User Stories for functional testing in C# code. Thus, the proposed process provides a greater integration of tests during the development and execution of each discipline in order to produce higher quality applications. To test the process, applications were developed in the domain of groupware in Web 2.0. The adoption of this area was motivated by the idea of exploring the development of collaborative software that supports group work of people involved in common tasks.
"No galejo da remada": estudo etnográfico sobre a noção de aventura em Brotas, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-27)
Bandeira, Marília Martins
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9148206536101330
To investigate the use and development of the idea of adventure in brasilian sports field was the main goal of this study. Due to the enormous variability of the contemporary experience of adventure, I tried to follow the developments of a local version from where doubts about its specificity emerged. I started, then, on how this notion was thought and rationalized and, at the same time, on its practice in the city of Brotas (São Paulo state), self entitled the Brazilian capital of adventure. The study of adventure in this ambiance, undeniably embodied, led me to put my own body to work for its understanding and to focus on rafting practice in Brotas, as the condition of possibility of this experiment. However, during the experimentation I realized adventure held the sporting component only as one of the possible elements of its exploring. While making the effort to put in words so many angles, objects in dispute, categories of accusation and self praising discourses that circumscribe the hues on the concept of adventure I ended on acknowledging that the main concerns of adventure in Brotas regard not only the amateur sport, but also the professionalization of tourism and, before it all, an environmental project. Through the problematization of these themes, "adventure as work" came up as an unpredicted matter but a core question to the ethnographic research. And I noted that it is compromised with a peculiar notion of nature and that it is produced in opposition to the concept of radicality. But that, even though the exaltation of nature produces the detachment of radicality, the last one is regained as the contemporary notion of adventure is created so that, and it then demands, a certain type of tourist and a specific kind of worker, the adventure conductor, whose practices are related not to the avoidance, but to the facing of certain risks, mingled with the notions of safety and technique.
Análise da rede de relacionamentos em sistemas locais de inovação : a experiência de Santa Rita do Sapucaí MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-27)
Costa Júnior, Hélio Lemes
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0142918820756470
This work focuses on the development and support of clusters of firms in a local productive arrangement, analyzing the relevance of innovation, the innovation system that companies form, along with educational institutions and support agencies, analyze business interactions between the firms and their interactions with the education institutions and support agencies, from the point of view of skilled labor employment, relations among the components of the system for training, knowledge acquisition and research and development. Beginning with the case study of the Valley of Electronics, technological pole located in Santa Rita do Sapucaí, a small town in Minas Gerais - Brazil, it was possible to conclude that, even with little commercial trade among the actors of the local productive arrangement, there is information exchange between educational institutions and businesses and there are subjective aspects that justify the continued development and maintenance of the pole for almost four decades.
Produção de celulases, purificação e caracterização bioquímico-cinética da ß-Glicosidase produzida por fungo isolado da região amazônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-27)
Tonelotto, Mariana
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2826049908534068
The selection of cellulase-producing fungi is one of the possible estrategies for obtaining necessary enzymes to hydrolyze the lignocellulosic material of plant biomass and thereby contribute to the viability of cellulosic ethanol production. The aim of this study was achive a screening of isolated fungi from the Amazon region to assess the production of enzymes related to plant biomass degradation, in order to select a line for production, purification and biochemical, kinetical and and structural biology characterizationof the ß-Galactosidase enzyme. Therefore, this work was undertaken in three stages, first of all it was performed a screening of 40 fungal strains isolated from the Amazon region through the cultivation in solid state fermentation (FES) at 35ºC for 240 hours, using as substrate wheat bran. It was evaluated the production of xylanase, endoglucanase, FPase, pectinase, ß-Glicosidase and total protein, and the fungi that stood out were: P6B2, the best producer of xylanase, P47C3 (Aspergillus niger), the best producer endoglucanase and ß-Glicosidase and P40B3, the best producer of FPase. These three fungi were selected for the second phase of this work for assessment in the production of xylanase, FPase, endoglucanase, ß-Glicosidase and total protein by submerged fermentation (FSm). The fermentation took place for 5 days at 30ºC and 200 rpm with a source of carbon: 1% of wheat bran washed and nutrient medium. The fungi P47C3, which was identified as Aspergillus niger, showed the best production of these enzymes, being selected for the third stage of this project. This last step involved the selection of an enzyme that has not been elucidated its structural biology. Given this fact, we carried out a study of selection of the medium, purification and biochemicalkinetical characterization of ß-Galactosidase. The Aspergillus niger (P47C3) was subjected to submerged for 5 days at 200 rpm at 30ºC. Purification occured in three steps using: ion exchange column SP-Sephadex C-50 and SP TSK-5PW column, and gelfiltration, with the resin Sephacryl S-200. The enzyme ß-Galactosidase showed a molecular weight of 125 kDa, being stable at pH 4,0, with anoptimum temperature of 55ºC. It was evaluated theKmap e Vmáxap of two substrates, PNPG and lactose, being: 2,204 mM-0,285 mM/min and 2,101 mM-0,75mM/min, respectively. The inhibition of hydrolasis of the substrate PNPG by ß-Galactosidase in the presence of galactose inhibitor product showed a Ki value of 5,01 mM. Finally, the ß-Galactosidase was subjected to crystallization conditions, the best conditions occurred in buffer 0,2M Tris- HCl, with the precipitation agent, 12% PEG 4000 at pH 8,6. Therefore, the unpublished protocol for purification of ß-Galactosidase was efficient and it is possible to crystallize this enzyme of isolated fungi from the Amazon region, which showed great potencial for the production of this enzyme and that the future can be used in industrial application and biotechnological innovations.
A diversidade da agricultura familiar e o processo de recampesinização no envolvimento rural de Piedade-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-28)
Nadaleto, Claudio Eduardo Silva
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Beskow, Paulo Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0391061558152121
This research has been intended to elucidate the family farming diversity of Piedade, in the State of São Paulo and its ongoing repeasantization process within this wide relevant category in the municipality. The case study was made from a theoretical approach on the rural development and involvement as well as over the family farming. Thus, it was noticed that the farming process and the rural environment of Piedade had already experienced countless situations where they could be fit in the agricultural development, rural development and lastly according to the proposal of this research, rural involvement. This is because it has been observed that some farmer families have become more of peasant families with the various strategies they have undertaken and especially because of this, all their practices have been traversed across by the involvement and dynamism of their performers. Moreover, it has been verified that the repeasantization process gathers the most successful and promising strategies in promoting stability, motivation and autonomy to the local farmer families.