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Natureza e responsabilidade: Hans Jonas e a biologização do ser moral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-15) Sganzerla, Anor; Simanke, Richard Theisen; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737568076559541
The challenge of Hans Jonas s philosophy lies in thinking of an ethics for the technological civilization. As he recognizes that modern technology, instead of being a vocation or an instrument, has become a power, a movement of autonomous and ambivalent character which compromises the continuity of human life and extra-human life in the future, Jonas has found in ethics the antidote for protecting life from this pursuit of development related to technological civilization. Jonas identifies the basis for this euphoria for progress and for improvement promoted by this ideal on the Baconian project of salvation of humanity through scientific progress. However, for the author, along with the demonstration of the possible blessings, there are also threats, which are invisible, since only the advantages and benefits are presented. In this way, the philosopher claims that the danger lies not in human incapability or lack of capacity for fulfillment, but in human excessive capacity, together with homo faber s power over homo sapiens. Considering this new scenario of technological civilization, according to Jonas, traditional ethics became insufficient, for his interest was related to guiding man s life here and now. The need for protecting the authenticity of life in the future from the power of modern technology demands a widening of the ethical sphere so that it reaches beyond the anthropocentric perspective and the current moment. However, this widening of the ethical universe does not mean to be a retrocess or even an impediment of the development of scientific technological progress. An Ethos for technology must be found, that is, a power over the power , in order to keep the actions from being nihilistic, based on the force of the power of an unbound Prometheus. The aim is, therefore, to place a voluntary restraint, before it becomes necessary to impose this limit due to the vulnerability of nature and man, always revealed as damaged. Jonas finds the basis for this new Ethos on a philosophy of biology or a philosophy of life. As a result, the author does not intend to promote a moralization of nature, but a biologization of the moral being, considering that responsibility, in man, is ontological. As he reinserts man in nature and resignifies categories such as life, liberty, spirit, metabolism, among others, Jonas observes that ethics is already present in these categories in an ontological way, since life says yes to itself in the sense of continuity, and it says no to non-being. Consequently, responsibility imposes itself as an ethical commandment and an ontological duty, which makes responsibility represent the recognition of the Being that demands that my action recognize his intrinsic good, rather than a calculation ex post facto. As he establishes the continuity of human life and authentic extra-human life in the future as the first commandment of the ethics of responsibility, and considering that responsibility is, therefore, proportional to our power, Jonas uses the model of paternal responsibility, of parental care for the newly-born, as a prototype for the ethics of responsibility in the future. It refers to something in which there is no reciprocity, but its existence requires the duty of care and of preservation. The emphasis given by Jonas to the heuristic of fear, as a method to fight the pursuit of progress at any cost, based on the principle of in dubio pro malo, makes prudence, caution, and precaution the new ethical values of man in technological civilization.
Crianças e adolescentes com plumbemia: habilidades sociais, funcionamento intelectual e problemas de comportamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-06-15) Dascanio, Denise; Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1569705610267991
The World Health Organization has established that blood lead levels beyond 10μg/dl can cause neural behavior alterations in children, such as deficits in psychological development, hyperactivity, language development and cognition. This recognized group of potential hazards generated by blood lead level could lead to thinking about compromising of infantile interpersonal relations and social skills. Considering the absence of studies that explore the relation between high lead blood level, cognitive deficits and social skills, behavior problems, and parental educational practices, these seem to be important variables that deserve mensuration. As such, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between the repertoire of social skills, academic and intellectual achievement, the behavior problems, as well as the parental educational practices of children and adolescents with different blood lead levels with a comparation group, without blood lead levels. The sample was composed by 105 participants, their ages varying between 8 and 17 years old, with high and low blood lead level, their respective parents or legal guardians and their teachers. The other 50 participants, with their respective parents or legal guardians and teachers, with the same social demographic characteristics, but without any history of lead intoxication, composed the sample. The participants were divided in three groups: GAP - Group with High Blood Lead Level(higher than 10μg/dl); GBP Group with Low Blood Lead Level (lower than 5μg/dl) and GC Comparation Group(without lead blood levels). The following instruments were used: Criteria of Economical Classification Brasil; Social Skills Rating SSRS-BR (child and professor version); Inventory of Social Skills for Adolescents- IHSA- Del-Prette; the Inventory of Parental Styles- IEP, child and parent version, the WISC-III and the TDE. In order to achieve the objectives proposed here, five articles were produced. One theoretical manuscript, approaching blood lead levels, risk factors and protection, public health issues and the psychology role in dealing with this issue and the effects. . Other referring to the social repertoire, intellectual and academic performance of adolescents with high and low blood levels (Manuscript II). The manuscript III that investigated the variation of social skills, behavior problems and academic competence regarding the blood lead levels, as to verify the possible protective role of social skills. Manuscript IV assessed the educational practices of children caregivers with different lead blood levels. For that, the psychometrics qualities of an inventory were tested, which evaluates the parental styles, both in the mother s perceptions and the son s, the IEP. Finally, Manuscript V, that had the objective of identifying variables (social skills, parenting practices, behavior problems and academic competence) that distinguish the children with and without intoxication by the metal lead and the possible protective role of social skills on behavioral problems in both groups. In general lines, the results showed more losses (more behavior problems, less academic competence and less social skills, when evaluated by the teacher) for the participants with high and low blood lead levels when compared to the group without blood lead levels. In regards to social skills, it has found a discrepancy between the autoevaluation and the teacher s evaluation. In selfevaluation perspective, the infected children evaluated their social skills more positively than their teachers. Research and practical questions are discussed from these results.