Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2012-08-18"

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Análise da evolução da dinâmica de uma cultura de neurônios dissociados em matriz de microeletrodos usando Coerência Parcial Direcionada e Redes Complexas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-18)
Rodriguez, Mayra Mercedes Zegarra
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Saito, José Hiroki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1930706344438941
Multi-Electrode Array, MEA, was developed more than thirty years ago. This planar device of multiple microelectrodes has been used to detect local electric potential variations created by the ion movement through the protein channels that traverses the cell membranes in the near neighborhood. MEA offers the possibility of non invasive registering of the cell and their network s activities, allowing to know how the neurons start to connect through the synapses forming a network and generating spontaneous electrophysiological activities. In order to understand the neural network dynamics in face of the spontaneous activities and its evolution in dissociated hippocampal cell cultures, important properties in the synaptic plasticity, in this work it is proposed the analysis of the evolution and modeling of the hippocampal cell cultures in MEA using the theory of Partial Directed Coherence and Complex Networks. There were used the electrophysiological records obtained using MEA60 System, of the dissociated neurons of 18 days old Wistar rat embyo, in an experiment denoted as 371, realized at the University of Genoa, Italy. As the results obtained using the Partial Directed Coherence approach, it was verified that the method is capable to detect neuronal connectivity in the neuron cultures using MEA, even with the noisy signals. It was also verified that different time delays between signals during application of the PDC method do not affect directly on the results of the causality. PDC allowed to show that in MEA the amount of direct connections resulted is less than the amount of indirect connections, through the microelectrodes. This can indicate that the neurons prefer to communicate through existing connections than creating new connections. It was also observed that it is easier to lose direct connections than indirect connections between microelectrodes through the time. Through the experiments it can be observed that the culture in 25 DIV (Days In Vitro) developed more amount of connections between neighboring electrodes, with less overall connections than the culture in 46 DIV, that had more overall connections with less neighborhood connections. Since one of the PDC features is the directionality detection between connections, it was observed direction changes through the connections through the time, even though we do not know the physiological meaning of these changes in the cognitive process. It was also observed that the established connections do not follow random patterns, showing an indicative of a free scale network, although we used small statistical measures to characterize the networks.
Potenciais e demandas para o desenvolvimento da agroecologia na região da bacia do Alto Sorocaba-Médio Tietê: ações, instituições e inserção junto à agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-19)
Gonçalves, Pedro Kawamura
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Franco, Fernando Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4330598956461380
The current situation of social and environmental degradation observed in rural areas of Brazil derives from a historical multidimensional process involving strong political and economic interests, where the techniques and ideas of the "Green Revolution" justify the propagation of inequities in land ownership and agricultural policies country. This process culminates in the current title of world's largest consumer of pesticides, coupled with the rapid advancement of transgenic seeds, increasingly threatening the autonomy of agriculture and food security in the country. Faced with this, Agroecology emerges as a science engaged in the transformation of social reality in the field, adding knowledge, multidisciplinary actors and social movements. This work was conducted in the Upper Sorocaba/ Middle Tietê Basin, a region with a strong presence of family farming. We sought to understand the situation of family farming and the insertion of Agroecology among this audience. Also sought to systematize learnings and indicate preferential paths for the continuity of actions involving the thematic of Agroforestry Systems, agroecological extension and environmental regularization of farms, as important components of a process of agroecological transition. There has been a considerable advance in associativism in the region, driven primarily by governmental programs of institutional purchase (PAA and school meals), which also show the potential to stimulate the transition to organic agriculture. Virtually no other public policy is recognized as important for this audience. The failure of the structure of public ATER is recognized, and noted a decrease in their staff in recent years. After decades of difficulties in marketing , lack of political support , lack of credit and cultural devaluation, the farmer 's children launch themselves to work in the city , endangering the reproduction of family farming . Faced with this, the main strategies and demands of farmers groups converge to the viability of the market , the primary source of income for families . Although there are examples of technical and economic success of pioneer farmers in organic agriculture in the region, we note that few institutions have actions to stimulate this type of agriculture, prevailing prejudices and misinformation about its technical and economic feasibility. The study of the projects showed that third-sector institutions and universities are responsible for innovative actions in agroforestry systems as forms of land use and for the recovery of degraded areas. It is considered that more continuous actions are needed to consolidate this form of land use, which has the ability to bring economic, social and environmental benefits in the short, medium and long term for the families involved. The group of institutions that have recently articulated around Sorocabana Agroecology Network show potential to advance in the aspects of teaching, research and extension in sustainable agriculture, to deal with regional demands to advancing this paradigm with the family farm, which are: need for certification; establishing solidarity markets, consolidation and exchange experiences; technical monitoring of farmers.
Relações interorganizacionais de uma empresa que atua nos segmentos automotivo e de linha branca: análises de elos à montante e à jusante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-20)
Santos, Selma Regina Simões
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Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0611274404316047
This survey aims to investigate the inter-organizational relationships of a company that in a same industrial plant, concentrates its activities into two distinct markets: the automotive and white goods. Therefore, its purpose is to identify and detail how different requirements of different economic sectors, characterized by unequal positions in supply chain and by physical flows and quirky information, interfere in the organizational design of a company that operates directly in two chains. To meet this goal, there was the selection of up-and downstream links, that is, suppliers and customers of the automotive and white goods market. Soon, was set a case study involving four suppliers and six central enterprise customers. The empirical clipping adopted contemplated the construction of immediate central chain company by which flow all interorganizational relations selected. The comparative research of upstream and downstream relationships occurred through questionnaires that sought to identify and translate the central company interactions with selected organizations, as well as to clarify their form of simultaneous actions in the sectors of automotive, white goods and with support of the theories of supply chain, supply chain management and networks. In summary, the results of this research showed that the company central: (1) Gets cost advantages in its operations in the automotive and white goods segment, on the basis of complementarities; (2) presents an organizational design shaped by the way in which production is performed to company C (b) 1, for the different sectors, by his training and entry into the market, by productive restructuring processes occurring in the white line and automotive markets, for its strategic options and by its placement in the automotive supply chain and white line; (3) when you join at the first level of the automotive supply chain had access to a large number of challenges and opportunities that, if properly addressed, will configure itself in a growth, characterized by structural changes that will include a new dimensioning of your strategic business units in order to remodel your current organizational design, as well as their relationships with customers and suppliers.
Escola Alegria de Saber: uma escola brasileira no Japão (1995-2011)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-20)
Brito, Cláudia Regina de
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Buffa, Ester
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8030452899686488
This study aims to analyze Brazilian educational institutions located in Japan focusing on the institution Escola Alegria de Saber - EAS, established in 1995. These institutions were established to meet the demands for schooling for the children of Brazilian immigrants, known as dekassegui workers. The investigation revealed the migration process throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, mainly between 1980 and 2009, the period in which occurred the migration process of Nipo-Brazilians to Japan. In order to build the object of study the following goals were pursued: unveiling what led to the establishment of Brazilian educational institutions in Japan; reconstructing the history of the school Escola Alegria de Saber - EAS, understanding its constituent elements; verifying what motivated the Japanese government to draw educational policies which allow flexibility in establishing Brazilian schools, even granting the title of "Miscellaneous school" ; and considering the approval of the reports issued by the National Council of Education, the Ministry of Education in Brazil, validating the educational institutions in Japan This research expands previous studies, in which the Japanese migration to Brazil as cheap labor was investigated. Emphasis was given to the construction of Japanese ethnicity in relation to the surrounding society. The migration developed between these countries was motivated by economic interests, which is defined as a movement marked by departure and return of the same generation and their descendants, in a short period of time. The research examined the migrant´s condition facing adverse situations and social relations which are established and define them as a group. In addition the research concentrated on tracing the group´s similarities in the movements of departure and return, especially regarding the implementation of schools for descendants, which include guidelines and legal requirements from the home country, reinforcing the idea of returning to the country. This study also examined conflicting experiences especially in times of economic crisis when this group is harassed and treated like foreigners or merely as labor. The group has become resilient, tackling the barriers and in reaction use the term gambarê as a symbolic strategy for survival. The research was analyzed in the light of the narrow and inseparable relationship between specific, singular and universal, establishing the mediations between the object of research, within social and historical trends of the dominant social organization, that is, capitalist society. The sources used were obtained in documents, bibliographies and semi-structured interviews, resulting form field work conducted in Japan. The work was completed with the understanding that in Japan, the Nipo Brazilians realize they are different from the Japanese. The opposition between natives and foreigners are build due to social representations which differentiate them. Moreover they perceive themselves as hired labor and the importance in maintaining educational institutions for their descendants, since the Japanese school does not meet everyone´s needs and demands.
Efeitos de uma capacitação sobre envolvimento familiar para estagiários em fisioterapia neuropediátrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-21)
Gennaro, Lisandrea Rodrigues Menegasso
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Barham, Elizabeth Joan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7485397999917010
The research literature indicates that the relationship between physiotherapists and family caregivers of children with neurological disorders has a significant impact on the efficacy of the children s treatment. However, the fragmentation of knowledge and the tendency to over-specialize can result in the preparation of professionals who understand organic pathology and treatment techniques, but who lack skills to deal with the interpersonal and educational issues that underlie their relationship with the children s family caregivers. In addition, very few researchers have published studies analyzing the effectiveness of strategies that physiotherapists could be used to increase the involvement of family caregivers. As such, the objectives of the current research program were to: a) identify physiotherapy practicum students conceptions about (Study1) and abilities (Study 2) to involve a child s family member in the treatment process, and b) evaluate an intervention program that was designed to increase the students abilities to involve family caregivers in this process (Study 3). The research program was conducted with physiotherapy practicum students from a high-caliber course, who were working in a university clinic. Study 1 was conducted with 10 students, using semi-structured interviews. The students recognized the importance of including a family member in the treatment of children, but they perceived their preparation to deal with this family member as being insufficient. In Study 2, seven students were filmed when they were in the presence of the caregivers, over the course of four weeks. In 34 of the 73 film segments (46.5%), the students did not interact with the family caregivers. The students spoke with the caregivers in 26 film segments (33%), primarily to initiate and maintain a conversation (n = 18) or to ask questions (n = 9). Thus, the results of Studies 1 and 2 indicated the need for an intervention program for this population. In Study 3, such a training program was evaluated. The eight-hour program aimed to teach basic skills related to behavior analysis, family-centered practices, and social skills. Participants included 5 practicum students. Each training program session included a pre-test on the concepts that were to be learned, a teaching segment to explain these concepts, interactive tasks, practice exercises and a post-test. Based on a comparison of the results on the pre and post-tests, it was apparent that the students acquired new knowledge during the program. A comparison of film segments recorded at the beginning and the end of the training program indicated that the students increased their use of the following strategies to involve the children s family caregivers: provide feedback, ask for assistance with an exercise, offer praise, converse, and ask questions. In addition, the film segments for the group of students who completed the intervention program (IG), were compared with the film segments from Study 2, using these students as a comparison group (CG). The behavior of both groups in the initial film segments was highly similar, but, one month later, the ability of the IG students to involve the caregivers was greater than that of the CG students. Thus, the results indicate that the intervention was effective. As such, it would be important to continue applying this intervention so as to evaluate the effects for a larger number of participants, and to conduct a follow-up study to verify the permanency of the behaviors that are acquired. In conclusion, this research program constitutes an example of an interdisciplinary approach to the training of physiotherapists, aligned with the philosophy of a universal health system, aiming for a holistic approach and excellence in caring for children with neurological disorders and for their families.
Políticas públicas habitacionais para idosos : um estudo sobre os condomínios exclusivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-21)
Monteiro, Luzia Cristina Antoniossi
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Francisco, José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2890278808923978
Brazil is facing severe problems in relation to urban spaces theme. Some age groups such as the elderly have found more difficulties to ensure their socio-spatial integration. This issue, combined with the demand for proper housing and the exponential increase in the number of people aged over sixty years are causing a new challenge for Brazil in the XXI century: the responsibility to implement appropriate public policies for the inclusion of the elderly population in cities. Building the house" is not enough; we must effect new forms of housing that enable inclusion and social participation. The aim of this study was to analyze the typology of exclusive condominiums for elderly, among the modalities of public housing policies identified in the literature review and legislation. Four condominiums have been analyzed, performing visits in locus for interviewing managers and elderly residents. The condos selected for analysis have as a reference the housing program of the State of Sao Paulo called Vila Dignidade , which adopts the concept of "assisted housing" aiming to provide, besides the house, social assistance, protection, accessibility, comfort and safety. The cities of Avaré and Itapeva were the first to inaugurate the housing units included in the program. On the other hand the other two analyzed condominiums, Vila dos Idosos-Pari in Sao Paulo and Recanto Feliz in Araraquara, predate the state policies but have interesting features since they were built on idle properties, or free deconstructed spaces that has relieved onus to the urban space, already so transformed by anthropical action. The results suggest the need to diversify housing models, in view of suiting the heterogeneity of the elderly and the resident s profile in each location. To make the policies efficient is necessary that the state fulfills its role to achieve the social rights of citizens involving in this task, the society, the family and the elderly person.
Melhoria dos processos de manutenção em prédios públicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-22)
Carlino, Alex Elias
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Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9663590426279761
To avoid the maintenance, in other words, to look for forms of avoiding the flaws and not of correcting them. This concept summarizes the current scenery of the function maintenance. It is known that the maintenance activities generate great earnings to the productive processes. Being like this, the maintenance contributes in an essential way to the conservation, valorization, increase of the productivity, in addition the lack of the same can generate great economical problems, social and environmental. Regarding the property maintenance, it is verified that this is still on this side of the ideal. The objective of this work is now it of evaluating the processes used in public entities for accomplishment of the activities of property maintenance. For this end, studies of the bibliography were accomplished related to the maintenance in addition case studies in three entities of the indirect public administration, located in the city of São Carlos/SP. The results obtained through the observations, ally to the bibliographical references contributed to map the processes now developed by the studied entities, in addition to identify the "bottlenecks", in other words, limitations of the efficiency capacity inside of the necessary processes for accomplishment of the services of property maintenance. Finally, some points for improvement of the installment of the services of property maintenance were proposed.
O discurso eleitoral da Folha de S.Paulo e O Estado de S.Paulo na campanha eleitoral de 2010
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-22)
Orlandini, Romulo Augusto
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Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134197554076226
The objective of this thesis was to discuss the election of 2010 under the bias of print journalism. The analysis was made by the editorial in the Folha de S.Paulo and O Estado de S.Paulo. We had as hypothesis that newspapers represent concepts and ideas of the reading public medium that would influence the editorial published in the coverage of the three major presidential candidates. Then, we compare the final result of the election with the different approaches of the editorials in relation to candidates in order to know whether an editorial could influence the election or not. The theory was founded on the philosophy of language, concept and method created by Mikhail Bakhtin and based on ideological correctness of the text and context, relating the socio-historical moment. The theory was founded on the philosophy of language, concept and method created by Mikhail Bakhtin and based on the correlation of the text and ideological context, relating the socio-historical moment. The qualitative results showed that O Estado de S.Paulo quoted 14.02% of 442 collected texts cited presidential candidates, while the Folha de S.Paulo quoted presidential candidates in 22.8% of 285 texts - with the name appearing Rousseff on average 59 times, Jose Serra quoted 37.5 and Marina Silva quote 10.5. The qualitative result proved the trajectory of incandescent Election: Nine themes were prevalent in newspaper articles and revealed a complex scenario of the race to the presidency. We observed that the effect of former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and political scandals have earned high relief - generating protests from editorial writers - highlighting the role of the press watchdog - to the point of the O Estado de S.Paulo first take position in an election. In the other one was related issues directly with the electoral rules, the relationship with government plans while the other (FARC, Abortion/religion and Privatization) resumed discourses that traditionally appear at critical moments in which it is called when it is necessary to trigger the review public
Adoção de práticas de manejo da agrobiodiversidade e estratégias de diversificação dos meios de vida das comunidades rurais em Pirenópolis - Goiás
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-23)
Mutadiua, Celso Américo Pedro
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Stolf, Rubismar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5120473662251086
The agroecological principles applied on agrobiodiversity management have been seen as a strategic tool for sustainability in agro-ecosystems for rehabilitation of socioeconomic and environmental conditions and for food security purposes. The present research analyzes the adoption of these basic recommended practices on the agrobiodiversity management, considering livelihood strategies. For this purpose are analyzed twelve agricultural establishments, six under the PAIS (Integrated and Sustainable Agroecologic Program) and six out of the PAIS. In this context are identified by a hand, the strategies by which rural families opt for a set of agricultural activities, non-agricultural and social support capabilities to sustain themselves and survive the risks and environmental crises. On the other hand gives to know the main agroecological practices in use in the establishments and the bottlenecks in the process of adoption of agroecological transition. The results shows a positive correlation between the numbers of practices adopted based on agroecologic principles and the number of alternative income generating sources for the farmers.
Proposta metodológica de medição da resiliencia agroecológica em sistemas sócio-ecológicos: um estudo de caso nos Andes colombianos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-23)
Salazar, Alejandro Henao
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Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950
In the last tree centuries the capitalistic economic model introduced deep changes and with no precedents into the ecosystems with the aim to satisfy its own food demands, potable water, wood, fiber and energy. Those changes helped to improve the life of thousands of people, but at the same time weakened nature s regulation capacity. The most evident consequence is the actual threat of a world climate change, which causes a special worry between agriculture scientists once the agriculture could be seriously injured when climate and rainfall regime change, putting in danger food sovereignty in local and global levels. Maybe the most important found in the latest years were the revealing of many agricultures whom can deal with the climate variation and also prepare themselves to minimize the lost of income by using alternative cultural treatment. This study proposes a methodology to measure agroecological resilience in socio ecologic systems, comparing forms of agroecological cultural systems (a) within the conventional cultural systems(c). A technical team gathered with peasantries measured agroecological resilience indicators in agroecological and conventional properties in the central ridge of Colombian Andes. The selected indicators discuss: a) the characterizing of a climate event (threat), b) the estimative of vulnerability level, c) the sustainable agriculture technique capacity to response. This study identified resilience differences between agroecological and conventional properties, showing that agroecological treatments tend to show a bigger resilience capacity in face to climates risks. The definition and the identification of those capacities show the vii potential risk management from the approach to the response and adaptation capacity. And It is especially those peasantries with alternative cultural treatments that were able to deal, resist and recover from extreme meteorological events.
Desenvolvimento de protótipo de sensor de umidade cerâmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-24)
Ito, Amadeu Rodrigues Pereira
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4941893403738344
Humidity sensor is a special type of gas sensor which is sensitive only to H2O molecules. It has a large variety of applications in industrial, household and agricultural equipments. Humidity ceramic sensors have been considered interesting due to their chemical and thermal stability. The lack of a national manufacturer of humidity sensors was the main motivation to accomplish this master thesis, whose objective was to develop a prototype of resistive ceramic humidity sensor. The objective was reached using Mn doped-MgAl2O4 powder, forming thin plates (650 a 750 μm) through tape casting process, appropriate sintering to obtain proper microstructure and the performance characterization of sintered plates as humidity sensor, especially with regard to sensibility and reproducibility. The tape casting process was successful for providing plates with excellent sensibility in the range 20-90% relative humidity and the response time of 120 and 20 seconds in the adsorption and desorption steps respectively. The correlation between the good performance and the porosity was established through the detailed interpretation of impedance spectra measured at several levels of humidity. Simultaneously to the porous plate preparation, it was developed a microcontrolled electronic transducer circuit with firmware written in C, which allows the immediate use of the electric signal produced by the humidity sensitive plate by a variety of equipments already available in the market. At the final step, the humidity sensor prototype was assembled through the insertion of the humidity sensitive plate, appropriately covered with silver electrode, to the electronic system.
Avaliação quali-quantitativa do fitoplâncton presente em reservatório de sistema de aproveitamento de água pluvial para irrigação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-24)
Corrêa, Thais Helena Prado
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Moruzzi, Rodrigo Braga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408665052901005
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0668892738076635
The use of rainwater can be an effective alternative to minimize the use of water sources. Within this perspective, stormwater play a key role in planning and sustainable management of water resources as a substitute for the use of water for agricultural purposes, irrigation, residential uses such as watering flowerbed and garden, cleaning floors, sidewalks and playground and car wash. Agriculture is the major user of water in the world, according to the World Resources Institute, UN agriculture uses 70% of existing drinking water. In Brazil, 88% of drinking water is used by agriculture and 5% of Brazilian crops are irrigated and 55% of farmers use archaic methods that lose more than half of the water used. Thus, alternative techniques of water management for irrigation must be proposed and implemented to mitigate the conflicts generated by the deficiency of water considering the use of rainwater as part of a broader activity, related to the expansion of water supply. Therefore, one should consider rainwater as an alternative source to conventional sources and it should investigate the potential qualitative and quantitative agreement with the intended uses. In this work the intended use is irrigation of vegetable crops for research on sustainable agricultural management techniques were therefore investigated the existence of species of phytoplankton and physical and chemical analyzes made reservoir built in the Research Center of the city-Ipeúna-SP.
Zoneamento (geo)ambiental analítico da microbacia do Córrego do Rosário (Descalvado, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-24)
Inêz, Eliezer Bernardes
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Lorandi, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2337238348941685
Adopting a river basin as a landscape management unit constitutes a major achievement in planning and management due to socio-environmental interactions and their unfoldings that take place in this area. Among the variety of environmental planning and management tools used in river basin contexts, (geo)environmental zoning is noteworthy in that it helps decision makers and aims at reconciling socio-economic development with environmental quality. Along these lines, the purpose of this study focused on the microbasin of the Rosário stream in Descalvado, SP, Brazil was to present an analytical (geo)environmental zoning proposal generated from a set of thematic mapping documents at a 1:10000 scale, field studies, and geo-technologies that seeks to analyze capacities and susceptibilities of this microbasin terrain in the face of urban occupation. Thus, the findings of this study can serve as a basis for discussion and construction of public policies capable of guiding a right and proper local urban expansion process.
Análise do controle autonômico cardíaco e do metabolismo muscular durante o exercício descontínuo dinâmico e resistido em homens jovens e idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-24)
Simões, Rodrigo Polaquini
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Silva, Audrey Borghi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2731345085062145
The thesis consisted of three studies described below. Study I, which aimed to investigate the effect of aging on kinetic responses of heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) during rest-exercise (ontransient) and exercise-recovery transitions (off-transient), and to investigate the influence of exercise intensity (mild and moderate) on the kinetic parameters of these variables. 28 apparently healthy men were evaluated, and 14 constituted the young group (YG) and 14 the elderly group (EG). The evaluation consisted of applying an incremental exercise testing of ramp protocol on cycle-ergometer (IET-R) to determine the maximum power (MP) and discontinuous exercise test on a cycle ergometer (DET-C), which started with an initial power load of 10% of MP with subsequent increase of 10% until exhaustion. Were recorded ventilatory and metabolic variables, the HR and blood lactate at rest and during exercise. The lactate threshold (LT) was closed between the groups (approximately 30% of MP). The EG showed higher values of the kinetic responses, both on and off transitions of HR and VO2 (p<0.05), and the values were higher in moderate compared to mild in YG (p<0.05). We conclude that the elderly have slower kinetic responses of HR and VO2 in relation to young and that at moderate intensity; the kinetic responses were slower in relation to mild intensity in young. Following, the study II aimed to investigate the behavior of the heart rate variability (HRV) responses during a discontinuous resistance exercise (RE) protocol and check whether they agree with the blood lactate responses in the determination of anaerobic threshold (AT) in apparently healthy young and elderly. For this proposal, in the same volunteers in the study I, was applied the test of one repetition maximum (1RM) on the leg press 45º and the discontinuous exercise test on the leg press 45 (DET-L), initiated in 10% of 1RM subsequent increments of 10% until exhaustion, and the HR and blood lactate were obtained at rest and during exercise. The AT was determined at approximately 30% of 1RM in both groups and both methods of analysis (blood lactate and HRV), the HRV index decreased with increasing load and stabilized from the load corresponding to AT in both groups, additionally the blood lactate remained practically stable until the load of AT, and increased significantly after this intensity. The EG had lower HRV values in lower loads of AT, and lower values of HR and blood lactate in loads above of AT in relation to the YG. We conclude that the HRV responses to determine the AT are according to blood lactate, and that the increase in load during the discontinuous RE promoted gradual vagal withdrawal followed by sympathetic activation in both young and the elderly, however, these responses are attenuated with the aging process. Finally, the study III, aimed to determine the AT during discontinuous dynamic and resistance exercise protocol by analyzing blood lactate and HRV in healthy older adults, comparing the cardiovascular, metabolic and autonomic variables between these two exercise modalities. We evaluated the elderly group of individuals during the tests: IET-R, DET-C, 1RM and DET-L. The AT within about 30% of maximum intensity in both the DET-C and DET-L by both methods (blood lactate and HRV). There were no differences in HRV variables between the modalities of exercise and a significant increase in systolic blood pressure and blood lactate after AT load in the DET-L. We conclude that HRV was effective in determining the AT and that the parasympathetic modulation responses were similar between dynamic and resistance exercise.
Estudos cristaloquímicos e teóricos de derivados do decahidrofenantreno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-24)
Machado, André Tivagus Lousada
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Schpector, Júlio Zukerman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3662422395254441
This work is a contribution to the study of the crystal, molecular and supramolecular structures as well as the conformation in vacuum of decahydrophenantrene derivatives. (4aS,4bR,7R,10aS)-3,7-Dimethyl-10a- (propan-2-yl)-1,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,10,10a-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4-dione (Compound 1) In this compound, C19H26O2, the A ring adopts a chair conformation, whereas the B and C rings both adopt distorted half-chair conformations with the quaternary C atom common to both rings lying 0.577 (3) and 0.648 (3) Å out of the approximate plane defined by the remaining five C atoms (r.m.s.deviations = 0.1386 and 0.1156 Å for the B and C rings, respectively). Molecules are assembled in the crystal through C—H…O interactions involving both carbonyl O atoms, which lead to supramolecular chains aligned along the b axis. (4R,4aS,4bS,7R,10aR )-4-Hydroxy-4a,7-dimethyl-2-(propan-2- yl)-1,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,10,10a-decahydrophenanthren-1-one (Compound 2) In this compound, C19H28O2, the A ring adopts a chair conformation, and each of the B and C rings adopts a distorted half-chair conformation with the methine C atom in the CH2C(H)C( O) residue, common to both rings, lying 0.6397 (19) and 0.6328 (18) Å out of the approximate plane defined by the remaining five C atoms (r.m.s. deviations = 0.0791 and 0.0901 Å for rings B and C, respectively). Helical supramolecular chains along the a axis mediated by hydroxy– carbonyl O—H…O hydrogen bonds feature in the crystal packing. (4R,4aS,4bS,5R,10aR)-4-Hydroxy-4a,5-dimethyl-2-(propan-2-yl)- 1,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,10,10a-decahydrophenanthren-1-one (Compound 3) In this compound, C19H28O2, the A ring adopts a chair conformation. Both the B and C rings adopt envelope conformations with the C atoms common to both rings and adjacent to the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, respectively, lying 0.604 (3) and 0.634 (3) Å out of the mean planes defined by the remaining five C atoms of rings B and C, respectively (r.m.s. deviations = 0.0100 and 0.0157 Å, respectively). The formation of linear supramolecular chains along the a axis mediated by hydroxy-O—H…O(carbonyl) hydrogen bonds is the most prominent feature of the crystal packing. The calculated and crystallographic structures are shown to be similar so that, in this case, the intermolecular interactions and consequently the crystal packing has almost no influence on the molecular conformation.
As disciplinas de história da educação na UAB/UFSCar: possibilidades para a graduação em pedagogia e para a formação de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-26)
Batista, Aldrei Jesus Galhardo
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Bittar, Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0853894851232611
This work aimed at understanding the role of the disciplines of History of Education of Pedagogy by Distance course from the Brazil Open University Program at the Universidade Federal de São Carlos, in his first four offers for the formation of educators. The theme chosen is justified amid a context of devaluation of formation courses such as Foundations of Education courses in Pedagogy before the postmodern paradigm of education in the world and in Brazil. I chosen to do the work guided by bibliography retrieval about the theoretical critical Works based on Dermeval Saviani, José Carlos Libâneo, Selma Garrido Pimenta, Bernadette Gatti, Elba Smith and Miriam Baker Warde, and legislation relating to formation courses and distance education and on the other count on statements from students, virtual tutors and teachers participating in the disciplines of History of Education I and II of the UAB / UFSCar in the search for the synthesis of multiple determinations of disciplines. Thus, the procedure followed was one that considers a singular phenomenon on its universal context in which both form an organic unity. I started from the resumption of the history of Teacher Formation and Pedagogy in Brazil and then to address the National Curriculum Guidelines of Teacher Formation and Pedagogy. The situation of Brazilian higher education in XXI century and with an emphasis on public policies for the growth of distance education, beyond to traditional models of distance education. Presented the situation of studies in History of Education as a field of science and reality (historical) in the disciplines of History of Education in formation courses and Pedagogy, and then present the disciplines within the context of Pedagogy course in UFSCar. Finally, you can find a resumption of all studies from the testimony of the participants with reference to the theoretical frameworks used in previous chapters. So, we can conclude that the UAB Pedagogy course / UFSCar, as well as their subjects of History of Education, constitutes positive experiences and are a reference for the formation of educators in the midst of a context in spite of the numerous problems that need to be overcome by distance education.
Caracterização de práticas de melhoria contínua e seus impactos : estudo de caso em uma empresa de bens de consumo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-27)
Segundo, Ronaldo Aparecido
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Oprime, Pedro Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908
Competitiveness of companies demands strategies that respond to competitive challenges in the organization. One way to address these challenges is related to Total Quality Management, in particular the continuous improvement of products, processes and management. In this way the literature shows some approaches and tools for the deployment of continuous improvement. Although it has been focused by several authors, the participation of people is still a critical factor for success in continuous improvement initiatives. But it was not fully evident in the literature the importance of collaboration and interaction of people during the programs and continuous improvement projects. As a result, the goal of this research is to investigate the importance of collaboration and interaction in the results and maintenance of continuous improvement programs. The research method it was a case study and the research was conducted in a consumer goods company with experience in implementing several programs of continuous improvement. Empirical evidence shows that the results and the maintaining continuous improvement programs are influenced by interaction and collaboration between individuals especially in the long term. This dissertation contributes to both organizational and for academia, for understanding the importance of interaction and collaboration between people can help correct the actions of organizational actors to better utilization of continuous improvement programs.
Avaliação da temperatura de indução e de fontes de nitrogênio na produção de proteína de superfície de Streptococcus pneumoniae em Escherichia coli recombinante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-27)
Santos, Mauricio Possedente dos
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7270825006141856
Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are one of the main problems of public health in the world. The pneumococcal surface protein A(PspA) is a potential canditate as carrier in a conjugate vaccine against this bacteria. Considering the inherent high losses of the purification and conjugation steps, it is fundamental to adopt a strategy of cultivation and expression that allows the obtainance of large quantities of protein. Thus, the use of Escherichia coli as expression system as well as its cultivation in complex medium constitutes promising alternatives for reducing the cost and increasing the productivity of the process. The goal of this work was to study the influence of the temperature and cultivation medium composition over the production of a PspA belonging to clade 4 protein fragment (PspA4Pro) during rE coli cultivations, aiming at to evaluate the possibility of employing vegetable-based nitrogen sources (soybean protein hydrolisates) instead of the Triptona, an animal-derived nitrogen source. The experiments were carried out in both shakers and benchscale bioreactor, using a complex medium which contained glucose and glycerol as carbon sources, lactose as inducer and Soytone, Phytone or Triptone as nitrogen sources, besides yeast extract. Samples were collected during the experiments to follow the cell growth (measurements of absorbance, dry cell weight and permittivity signal from biomass sensors), the carbon sources consumption and the production of organic acids by HPLC analysis. The stability of the plasmid (agar plates with or without kanamycin) and the production of recombinant protein (Bradford and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis followed by densitometry) were also evaluated. Preliminary experiments were performed in shake flasks, incubated at 300rpm and 37ºC, employing both complex and defined media. The highest productivity was achieved in complex medium, with a 42% superior protein production. Subsequently, nine complementary experiments were conducted in shake flasks with complex medium, under the agitation of 300rpm and temperatures of 37ºC (growth phase) and 25, 31 or 37ºC (induction phase). The largest specific production of soluble PspA4Pro was verified at 25ºC, reaching, respectively, 209±6, 192±5mg/g dry cell mass for Phytone and Triptone, with final absorbance values (after 12h of induction) of 9.0±0.4 and 8.5±0.4. The best protein production for Soytone (124±4mg/g dry cell weight) was observed at 31ºC, yielding a final absorbance 8.0±0.4. From the results obtained in the preliminary tests, the nitrogen source Phytone was selected for experiments in bioreactor. Four batch cultures were conducted in bench-scale bioreactor (5L), containing a modified auto-induction complex medium (10g/L glucose, 60g/L glycerol and 20g/L lactose), being three of them with Phytone and one with Triptone, for comparison. The best results in terms of protein production (245±7mg of PspA4Pro soluble/g dry mass) were obtained in the presence of Phytone, corresponding to an increase of 16% towards the maximum value achieved in the cultivation with Triptone. These results demonstrate the potential of vegetable-based nutrients as alternatives to animal-derived nitrogen sources in complex media, contributing to adequate these media formulations to the current guidelines of good manufacturing practices.
Gestão financeira e econômica da propriedade rural com multiproduto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-27)
Osaki, Mauro
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Batalha, Mario Otávio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9357773852218630
Farmers have always neglected management procedures in their enterprises in detriment to initiatives regarding production technology. Overall, producers and technicians know the answer to what, how and when to produce, but they don t know the cost or profitability of this technology. The present study shows the importance of the sustainability of agricultural enterprises with reduced governmental intervention and the risk involved in a double crop production system. Therefore, the aim is to propose a model to support the decision-making process, focused on production planning in a representative multi-product farm under conditions of risk. Using quantitative applied research, a theoretical model of agricultural planning was combined with operational research to explain and understand different allocations of resources within the decision-making process. For that purpose, two production regions of Mato Grosso state in Brazil were selected: Sorriso (SRS) and Campo Novo do Parecis (CNP). In SRS, a production system with 76.9% early soybean (SP) and 23.1% soybean (SN) for the first harvest and 76.9% corn (MS) for the second harvest generated a high gross margin and risk. On the other hand, a production system with 90% SN and 10% SP implied less risk. Diversifying the cultivated area with SP and SN in the first crop and MS in the second crop is interesting for farmers; however, land allocation decisions depend on how much risk the producer is willing to take. Since this farm planning strategy reduces SP and MS areas in the production system, gross margin and risk are also decreased. The following distribution of arable land produced the maximum gross margin value in CNP: 62.5% SP, 18.8% SN and 18.7% cotton (ALG) in the first harvest and 62.5% MS for the second harvest. The resulting maximum gross margin of the farm was R$754,260.77, which was R$122,525.78 under high risk conditions. As the area of cotton production is reduced, the representative exposure to risk is protected. In this case, a production system with multiple products does not exactly mean reduced risk for the farm, since the addition one particular product in the production portfolio generates a specific cost, called the sunk cost. Thus, a production system becomes feasible when the use of specific machinery and equipment is maximized, but in the end this procedure penalizes the performance of other products. The decision to allocate land for these products should remunerate the opportunity cost of soybean and corn. The efficient frontier curves correspond to the most efficient investment strategies for the two farms.. The frontier curve for SRS was the allocation of average land used in the last six seasons (2004/05 to 2009/10), showing that the production system adopted (32.5% SP and 67.5% SN for the first crop and 32.5% MS for the second crop) has productive efficiency to minimize risks for a certain income level. This decision corresponds to an aversion rate to risk of 1.05. In the case of CNP, the average combination of crop area used was very close to the efficient frontier curve, indicating that the farm planning production system with 28% SP, 54% SN, 18% ALG for the first harvest, and 28% MS for the second harvest also minimizes risk for a certain income level. On the other hand, the aversion rate to risk corresponds to 3.71.
Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) da agricultura familiar no município de São Carlos: impactos socioeconômicos nos agricultores familiares beneficiários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-28)
Rossi, Fabiana Ribeiro
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Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3203702000103304
The Food Acquisition Program from Family Farm (PAA) was created in 2003, within a group of policies with structural significance of the Zero Hunger Program, in order to promote actions in the scope of agricultural policies and food security. Its operation is made through modalities that purchase products from family farmers, without bidding. The PAA, since its institutionalization, has been the focus of several analyzes, as their impacts on the family farmers beneficiaries. This dissertation aimed to evaluate the impacts on family farmers beneficiaries of the Direct Purchase Local with Simultaneous Donation (CDLDS), executed since 2006, in the city of São Carlos, by the Municipal Agriculture and Food Supply (SMAA). The data collection was done by applying a structured questionnaire to a representative sample of 30 beneficiaries of the program in São Carlos and adjacent municipalities. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing, which allowed the identification of positive impacts of the program in aspects related to their life conditions, land use, crop production, commercialization of products, agricultural income, association, family assets, investment properties, access to rural extension and information, agricultural practices, quality management, among others. No significant impacts were identified in aspects related to property management techniques and production, access to rural credit, participation of women, among others. The PAA can be considered an important program for family farmers beneficiaries because it is an alternative market channel to sale the production, collaborating, through its set of actions, with a more sustainable inclusion of its beneficiaries in other markets.