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Caracterização de práticas de melhoria contínua e seus impactos : estudo de caso em uma empresa de bens de consumo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-27) Segundo, Ronaldo Aparecido; Oprime, Pedro Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908
Competitiveness of companies demands strategies that respond to competitive challenges in the organization. One way to address these challenges is related to Total Quality Management, in particular the continuous improvement of products, processes and management. In this way the literature shows some approaches and tools for the deployment of continuous improvement. Although it has been focused by several authors, the participation of people is still a critical factor for success in continuous improvement initiatives. But it was not fully evident in the literature the importance of collaboration and interaction of people during the programs and continuous improvement projects. As a result, the goal of this research is to investigate the importance of collaboration and interaction in the results and maintenance of continuous improvement programs. The research method it was a case study and the research was conducted in a consumer goods company with experience in implementing several programs of continuous improvement. Empirical evidence shows that the results and the maintaining continuous improvement programs are influenced by interaction and collaboration between individuals especially in the long term. This dissertation contributes to both organizational and for academia, for understanding the importance of interaction and collaboration between people can help correct the actions of organizational actors to better utilization of continuous improvement programs.
Gestão financeira e econômica da propriedade rural com multiproduto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-27) Osaki, Mauro; Batalha, Mario Otávio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9357773852218630
Farmers have always neglected management procedures in their enterprises in detriment to initiatives regarding production technology. Overall, producers and technicians know the answer to what, how and when to produce, but they don t know the cost or profitability of this technology. The present study shows the importance of the sustainability of agricultural enterprises with reduced governmental intervention and the risk involved in a double crop production system. Therefore, the aim is to propose a model to support the decision-making process, focused on production planning in a representative multi-product farm under conditions of risk. Using quantitative applied research, a theoretical model of agricultural planning was combined with operational research to explain and understand different allocations of resources within the decision-making process. For that purpose, two production regions of Mato Grosso state in Brazil were selected: Sorriso (SRS) and Campo Novo do Parecis (CNP). In SRS, a production system with 76.9% early soybean (SP) and 23.1% soybean (SN) for the first harvest and 76.9% corn (MS) for the second harvest generated a high gross margin and risk. On the other hand, a production system with 90% SN and 10% SP implied less risk. Diversifying the cultivated area with SP and SN in the first crop and MS in the second crop is interesting for farmers; however, land allocation decisions depend on how much risk the producer is willing to take. Since this farm planning strategy reduces SP and MS areas in the production system, gross margin and risk are also decreased. The following distribution of arable land produced the maximum gross margin value in CNP: 62.5% SP, 18.8% SN and 18.7% cotton (ALG) in the first harvest and 62.5% MS for the second harvest. The resulting maximum gross margin of the farm was R$754,260.77, which was R$122,525.78 under high risk conditions. As the area of cotton production is reduced, the representative exposure to risk is protected. In this case, a production system with multiple products does not exactly mean reduced risk for the farm, since the addition one particular product in the production portfolio generates a specific cost, called the sunk cost. Thus, a production system becomes feasible when the use of specific machinery and equipment is maximized, but in the end this procedure penalizes the performance of other products. The decision to allocate land for these products should remunerate the opportunity cost of soybean and corn. The efficient frontier curves correspond to the most efficient investment strategies for the two farms.. The frontier curve for SRS was the allocation of average land used in the last six seasons (2004/05 to 2009/10), showing that the production system adopted (32.5% SP and 67.5% SN for the first crop and 32.5% MS for the second crop) has productive efficiency to minimize risks for a certain income level. This decision corresponds to an aversion rate to risk of 1.05. In the case of CNP, the average combination of crop area used was very close to the efficient frontier curve, indicating that the farm planning production system with 28% SP, 54% SN, 18% ALG for the first harvest, and 28% MS for the second harvest also minimizes risk for a certain income level. On the other hand, the aversion rate to risk corresponds to 3.71.
Avaliação da temperatura de indução e de fontes de nitrogênio na produção de proteína de superfície de Streptococcus pneumoniae em Escherichia coli recombinante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-08-27) Santos, Mauricio Possedente dos; Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7270825006141856
Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are one of the main problems of public health in the world. The pneumococcal surface protein A(PspA) is a potential canditate as carrier in a conjugate vaccine against this bacteria. Considering the inherent high losses of the purification and conjugation steps, it is fundamental to adopt a strategy of cultivation and expression that allows the obtainance of large quantities of protein. Thus, the use of Escherichia coli as expression system as well as its cultivation in complex medium constitutes promising alternatives for reducing the cost and increasing the productivity of the process. The goal of this work was to study the influence of the temperature and cultivation medium composition over the production of a PspA belonging to clade 4 protein fragment (PspA4Pro) during rE coli cultivations, aiming at to evaluate the possibility of employing vegetable-based nitrogen sources (soybean protein hydrolisates) instead of the Triptona, an animal-derived nitrogen source. The experiments were carried out in both shakers and benchscale bioreactor, using a complex medium which contained glucose and glycerol as carbon sources, lactose as inducer and Soytone, Phytone or Triptone as nitrogen sources, besides yeast extract. Samples were collected during the experiments to follow the cell growth (measurements of absorbance, dry cell weight and permittivity signal from biomass sensors), the carbon sources consumption and the production of organic acids by HPLC analysis. The stability of the plasmid (agar plates with or without kanamycin) and the production of recombinant protein (Bradford and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis followed by densitometry) were also evaluated. Preliminary experiments were performed in shake flasks, incubated at 300rpm and 37ºC, employing both complex and defined media. The highest productivity was achieved in complex medium, with a 42% superior protein production. Subsequently, nine complementary experiments were conducted in shake flasks with complex medium, under the agitation of 300rpm and temperatures of 37ºC (growth phase) and 25, 31 or 37ºC (induction phase). The largest specific production of soluble PspA4Pro was verified at 25ºC, reaching, respectively, 209±6, 192±5mg/g dry cell mass for Phytone and Triptone, with final absorbance values (after 12h of induction) of 9.0±0.4 and 8.5±0.4. The best protein production for Soytone (124±4mg/g dry cell weight) was observed at 31ºC, yielding a final absorbance 8.0±0.4. From the results obtained in the preliminary tests, the nitrogen source Phytone was selected for experiments in bioreactor. Four batch cultures were conducted in bench-scale bioreactor (5L), containing a modified auto-induction complex medium (10g/L glucose, 60g/L glycerol and 20g/L lactose), being three of them with Phytone and one with Triptone, for comparison. The best results in terms of protein production (245±7mg of PspA4Pro soluble/g dry mass) were obtained in the presence of Phytone, corresponding to an increase of 16% towards the maximum value achieved in the cultivation with Triptone. These results demonstrate the potential of vegetable-based nutrients as alternatives to animal-derived nitrogen sources in complex media, contributing to adequate these media formulations to the current guidelines of good manufacturing practices.