Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2012-09-19"

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Os obstáculos ao desenvolvimento na obra de Celso Furtado em dois momentos: a fase pré 64 e o milagre econômico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-19)
Bonafin, Téssio Roberto Rissi
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8421194095676020
The purpose of the dissertation is to analyse the Brazilian development in the Twentieth Century beyond Celso Furtado work. The paper utilizes of two historical Brazilian moments, and the Cold War as a background, conditions that gave to Furtado the chance to create theories to explain the limits of development in peripheral nations, according the Center Periphery Theory, also in the dissertation. Divided two moments of analyses in the Brazilian history, the first one before the Military Coup in 1964, and the second in later years , we seek to know what Furtado positions in his work, in selected books. To answer the question, why Brazil, and other nations outside the Center, didn´t get, or don´t get a similar development as the countries considered rich, in Celso Furtado vision, is one of the goals of the research, among the future comparison of his arguments and theories in both historical periods.
Modelo de especificação de interfaces tangíveis de mesa - TTUI-SM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-19)
Dourado, Antonio Miguel Batista
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3462738422154588
In the scenario of computational interfaces development, researches efforts aim to offer new ways of interaction that are closer to the natural way which humans interact with the real world. Amongst the diversity of interface modalities, the tabletop tangible interfaces make the link between physical objects and virtual objects, making possible to "grasp" the interface and interact with it physically, also counting on multitouch interactions. However, in the development process of this kind of interface, there is a lack of specification s model that supports, not only the physical objects interaction, but multitouch interactions as well, and that organizes and classifies the specification in a more agile manner, easier to document and implement. Thus, this work presents a new tabletop tangible user interface specification model, TTUI-SM, that classifies and organizes the interface element specification within many components. A diagramatic tool, TTUI-SMT, was developed based on this model, aiming to make the interface specification and development faster, easier and automatized. To validate the model and tool, two studycases were introduced and specified. An experiment was conducted to evaluate both model and tool, resulting in the comprovation, through questionnaires analysis, of the proposed benefits.
Zoneamento (geo)ambiental analítico da bacia hidrográfica do Rio do Monjolinho São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-20)
Campanelli, Leandro Contri
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Lorandi, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3321781527593763
Today s administrators are increasingly adopting a river basin as a planning and management unit. A river basin consists of a physical and biogeophysiographic unit with delimited boundaries, which can extend to several spatial scales. Environmental zoning a much-used tool in environmental planning of watersheds may be defined as the compartmentalization of a given area into zones according to its most relevant attributes and dynamics. Along these lines, this study aimed to obtain an analytical (geo)environmental zoning chart of Monjolinho river basin (São Carlos, SP, Brazil) at 1:50,000 scale with the purpose of assisting planners and administrators in managing urban occupation, thereby minimizing impacts to the environment. Monjolinho river basin encompasses an area of 275km2, most of which located in the municipality of São Carlos (a smaller part of which located in the neighboring municipality of Ibaté). The 1:50,000-scale cartographic documents generated including maps and charts representing different components of the physical environment that assisted in the analytical (geo)environmental zoning of the watershed in question were: registration map, declivity chart, map of land use and coverage, map of surface geological formations, map of unconsolidated materials, map of aquifer units, and map of primary compartmentalization units. The resulting product of this study was an analytical (geo)environmental zoning chart of Monjolinho river basin, centered on the process of urban occupation. This cartographic document compartmentalizes this basin into the following classes of appropriateness to urban occupation: suitable areas, unfavorable areas, and unsuitable areas.
Nos rastros de Limite : um estudo de caso na história da preservação das imagens em movimento no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-20)
Vasques, Alexandre Ramos
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Araújo, Luciana Sá Leitão Corrêa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9890886509956837
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4869152541037526
The theme of this work is the film preservation in Brazil and its focus is the film preservation history of Limite (Mário Peixoto, 1931). In the introduction we situate our research within a Brazilian reality of appreciation of academic studies on the preservation of moving images, showing, in advance, some works, produced recently that have become fundamental sources of consultation in our research. In addition to the technical and historical sources, we also present in our bibliographic clipping related to Limite. The origins of our primary sources of research, filmic materials of Limite are also reported in the first lines of our work. In the first chapter of our work we try to approach the field of audiovisual archiving reader, describing each of the technical terms and concepts relevant to the preservation and restoration of audiovisual used throughout the text. In the second chapter, we give an account of contemporary Limite production years, and also of his rare nitrate copy views. The third chapter addresses issues related to the process of restoring physical chemistry of Limite s filmic materials, demand created by precarious conditions presented by the nitrate copy of the film, extending up to the purchase of materials and direct films on the work by Embrafilme, in 1980. The fourth chapter presents and analyzes some stretches of finegrain print, masters and master copy examined during our research, creating the necessary conditions to draw some conclusions about the handling incurred by work, dating from 1930 until 1980.
Influência da cigarrinha-das-raízes (Mahanarva fimbriolata) e da adubação na qualidade do caldo e da cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-20)
Pavão, Marcos Antônio
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Borges, Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1800048119205212
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2722425594118075
Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugar, a product whose specifications are somewhat dictated by the market. One of the important characteristics for sugar relates to its color. Sugars with less color index represent greater value and are preferred by buyers. Manufacturing a white crystal sugar with low cost need is a good quality raw material. The attack of pests and plant nutritional imbalance can interfere with the quality of raw material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic fertilization, lack of fertilizer and root infestation by froghoppers in the production of substances that may compromise the quality of the broth, as result of in the defense system of the plant, with can interfere in the quality of juice. The experiment was conducted between the months of July 2010 to December 2011. A variety RB72454 was grown in pots of 50 liters in a randomized block design in split-split with six treatments: i) mineral fertilizer without froghopper ii) mineral fertilizer plus froghopper iii) organic compound without froghopper iv) organic compound froghopper v) without fertilization without froghopper and vi) no fertilization with froghopper; all treatments had four replicates and three harvest seasons. The samples were determined for BRIX, cane pol, pol juice, purity, reductor sugars (cane AR and AR juice), fiber, total reducing sugars (ART), starch, and phenolics. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the test of Scott-Knott 5%. The results showed that the infestation of froghopper-roots in plots with mineral fertilizer and without fertilizer increased the content of phenolic compounds, compared to treatments without the presence of the insect. Plants from cane sugar fertilized with organic compost produced broth with lower content of phenolic compounds in presence with the absence of the insect. The infestation of leafhopperroots apparently caused greater amount of starch in the broth.
Pesquisa de síndromes de microdeleção em pacientes com deficiência intelectual por meio da técnica de MLPA - Amplificação de Múltiplas Sondas Dependentes de Ligação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-21)
Sabbag, Adriana Rosolia Costa
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Melo, Débora Gusmão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2587800992546559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0749323931041853
Intellectual disability (ID) is manifest sign of more than 2,000 different clinical conditions and is present in 5% of the population. Because it is a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions, with different causal factors and simultaneously involved, about 50% of patients with ID have no defined etiology. Chromosomal microdeletions, situations in which there is loss of a fragment of up to 5Mb of the genome resulting in haploinsufficiency of one or multiple genes, are one of the possible causes of ID. The aim of this study was to standardize genetic testing with the technique of MLPA (Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification) to investigate the presence of microdeletion syndromes in a sample of patients with idiopathic DI or with diagnosis not yet confirmed by molecular genetic testing. The MLPA kit used (SALSA® MLPA® P064-B2 MR1) detected, at the same time, 11 microdeletion syndromes: 1p36 deletion, Sotos, Miller-Dieker, 22q11.2 deletion, Saethre-Chotzen, Prader-Willi, Angelman, Williams, Alagille, Smith-Magenis and Canavan. We selected 57 patients with idiopathic ID and facial dysmorphias, with normal conventional karyotyping and normal brain imaging studies. The presence of microdeletion was identified in 4 patients (7%), 3 patients had Williams syndrome and 1 had 22q11.2 deletion. The results reinforce the usefulness of MLPA in the etiologic research of ID, helping in the clinical management and familial genetic counseling.
Estudo teórico das propriedades ópticas dos BaWO4 e PbWO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-21)
Ferreira, Márcio Douvel
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4051230207452063
Among the scheelites, we highlight the Barium Tungstats (BaWO4) and lead tungstate (PbWO4). These compounds can be synthesized by various synthetic routes. However, we can highlight the hydrothermal synthesis method assisted by microwave (SHM). Using this technique, one can use various solvents, surfactants and different synthesis conditions, such as time and temperature. Thus, crystals can be synthesized with morphologies with growth plans defined. The PbWO4 and BaWO4 powders were synthesized by SHM and characterized by techniques: XRD, Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), UV-Vis, photoluminescence and FEG-SEM. Theoretical models have been proposed based on the lattice parameters (a=b < c) and the cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) obtained by the Rietveld refinement performed for the powders. We proposed a theoretical model, crystalline, highly organized for each compound and two theoretical models disordered: the model with the shift modifier network at 0.5 Å in the Z direction and the third model the displacement of W-forming network, at 0.5 Å in the directions (x, y, x) in relation to oxygen. The calculations were performed using the DFT method, B3LYP functional. Models showed 13 crystalline Raman active modes, according to the calculations of group theory. The frequencies calculated theoretically for BaWO4 and PbWO4 are in accordance with experimental data. The models presented displaced Egap lower compared to model crystalline defects due to the simulated unit cell. The theoretical data show that the photoluminescence emission is directly related to structural disorder.
Avaliação do ciclo de vida da areia em mineradora de pequeno porte, na região de São José do Rio Preto - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-21)
Souza, Ariane de
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Sales, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0043073817211292
The mining of sand, although of great socio-economic importance to the national scene, has several negative impacts throughout the production chain. Among some of the interference in the natural environment occurs, soil degradation, air pollution and stress in the fauna and flora. This fact has generated great interest in mechanisms that mitigate or prevent adverse effects on the natural environment, such as the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), which through mass balances and energy gains can provide socio-economic and environmental. The objective of this research was to evaluate the life cycle of the sand extracted from a riverbed mining in the small region of Sao Jose do Rio Preto in the stages of extraction, processing, storage and transport of sand. For this purpose, the procedures were based on ISO standards 14040 and 14044, which require the determination of he purpose and scope, inventory analysis, environmental impact assessment (conducted through the EDIP method (Environmental Development of Industrial Products)) and interpretation. There was a visit to a mining company to collect information on techniques, technologies and inputs used in the production process. In determining the scope, purpose, system boundaries, scales, functional unit and other details were defined. The other steps involved the standardization of units of measurement, classification of environmental changes, normalization and weighting. As a result, it was found that the higher are the atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide followed by nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, whereas potential environmental impacts are most significant global warming and ozone photochemical formation. So, are recommended as the main mitigating actions: activities aimed at optimizing the extraction of sand, implementation of a program for managing the vehicle fleet and dredges and resizing of centrifugal pumps.
Resíduos agroindustriais como fonte de silício para a cultura do milho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-21)
Lima, Paulo Henrique de
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Fontanetti, Anastácia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748997558445063
The agro-industrial residues have great potential for providing silicon (Si) and other nutrients for crops. The objective of this work to assess the supply of silicon for organic waste agribusiness, and to evaluate the influence of this nutrient in the accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg ) and sulfur (S) in maize. We analyzed the accumulation of silicon in the leaves and stems of the plant and the effect of these sources in stem diameter, the height and mass of dry corn plant, as well as the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in corn leaves provided by agro-industrial residues and by levels of silicon used. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design (4x3) + 1. We evaluated three sources organic agribusiness (bagasse ash from sugar cane filter cake rotary sugarcane and rice hulls), and for the supply of silicon also evaluated the mineral source (calcium silicate PA); three strengths of SiO2 (175 kg ha-1, 350 kg ha-1 and 700 kg ha-1) and additional treatment (control), which received no SiO2. The sources and doses of SiO2 did not affect the mass of dried corn plants. However, the addition of SiO2 dose provided an increase in the diameter of stem of the maize plant. The rice hulls was more efficient among all treatments in Si supply to the corn crop. The supply of Si favors the absorption and consequent accumulation of potassium and phosphorus from the corn plant. There was no relationship between the supply of Si and Mg and S uptake by corn plant. Finally, there was no relationship between the accumulation of Si and the reduction of leaf N in corn plants.
A contribuição da pesquisa-ação na construção do conhecimento científico na Engenharia de Produção brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-21)
Gibertoni, Daniela
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Araújo Filho, Targino de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6253249405332428
The main subject of this thesis is the action research and has as general objective describe the construction of knowledge in the action research field from the uses that Brazilian production engineers make of it, aiming to recognize its contributions, potential and limits. To achieve this goal, it was needed a literature review on national and international literature to later contrast with the national academic researches that use action research and show its uses to overcome the main obstacles faced. It´s shown the main features and currents of the action research, which emerged over the years, due to historical and cultural factors, and also to the practical needs arising from the research. Thus, there are characteristics that unify the action research, as well as differences. Identified these similarities and differences, a documentary research was carried out in academic papers published in National Meeting of Production Engineering (ENEGEP) from 1996 to 2010. 191 articles were analyzed, searching for the answer to the question: which use is made of the action research in Production Engineering in Brazil that allows to identifying the types of knowledge generated by it? The content analysis was the strategy used for the treatment of data, using NVivo software of the company QSR International. Through this software it was possible to do an analysis with a qualitative approach. With the analysis were identified some researchers who make use of action research very often in their researches. With these data, semi-structured interviews were made with seven researchers. It was noticed that in some sub-areas of Production Engineering there is a higher use, such as in the sub-area of information systems, product development and knowledge management. Even in other sub-areas we notice that the use of action research takes place mainly because it is a real study, combining theory and practice. This means, that the greatest knowledge that the researcher seeks to obtain when using the action research is the practical application in a given sector, promoting during the intervention the changing process and consequently the learning.
Fibrados, classes de Stiefel-Whitney e resultados de não imersão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-24)
Inforzato, Caio Carlevaro
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Ramos, Adriana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1067090731407577
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0195551366332825
We present an introductory study of smooth manifolds, bundles and Stiefel- Whitney classes (of real vector bundles). We explained that, given a certain smooth m-dimensional manifold, the Stiefel- Whitney classes of its tangent bundle can be used to ensure that such a manifold does not immerse (smoothly) in certain Euclidean spaces Rj . In this sense, we consider the Grassmann manifold G2;n of the 2-subspaces of Rn+2, and we carry out a detailed study of the following non-immersion theorem, proved by V. Oproiu [Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, 1977]: "Let n > 1 be a natural number and consider s = 2r such that s _ 2n < 2s. If n = s - 1, then G2;n does not immerse in R2s-3; if n = s - 1, then G2;n does not immerse in R3s-3."
Epistemologia da Ciência da Informação: inserção da área de Administração nas grades curriculares dos cursos de Biblioteconomia e/ou Ciência da Informação do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-25)
Bastos Junior, José Carlos
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Rigolin, Camila Carneiro Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2388584081961836
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0004984118085349
Given the changes caused by the explosion Informational, especially those caused by the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), there was a need to train professionals able to work in this context. Thus, courses in librarianship in particular have sought to update their curricula in order to supply the demands of the labor market. Based on this need, this paper's main objective is to verify the impact caused by the insertion of subjects in the area of Administration in courses of Librarianship and/ or Information Science in Brazil. As subsidy for the research will be analyzed and compared the curricula of schools of librarianship public universities of the State of São Paulo, and these UFSCar, USP Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo USP and UNESP Marilia. Among the specific objectives, it was the changes in the curriculum resulted in a decrease analysis offers traditional disciplines (instrumental) of Librarianship, we classified the required courses and electives bars analyzed in four categories, these being instrumental, humanistic, technological, management and cross-border and, finally, were also analyzed their body teachers with the purpose of subsidizing the study. The methodology is to document research, which will focus on the theoretical studies of epistemology of information science and history courses in librarianship in Brazil. Regarding the results from analysis and subsequent comparison of said curriculum, it was observed that the subjects are present administrative content of at least 10% of subjects offered. It may also be noted that the content of instrumental disciplines (technical) still have space in their curricula.
Avaliação de desempenho humano individual e em equipe em simulações interativas distribuídas de treinamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-25)
Rocha, Rodrigo Vilela da
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7521055777008213
The distributed interactive simulations can be used to train human actions and behaviors in dangerous situations, which way reduce the risks to life and/or patrimony. As part of the training in virtual environments, is important that learners are assessed not only after exercise virtual training, but also during this period that there may be occasional interventions by the coach in the learning process. However, the development of training simulations is complex and not always the human evaluation, post and share in real time, is offered to the learner as a learning resource and training support as coach. A computer systemis being developed in the WINDIS Laboratory at UFSCar s Computer Department, to support the modeling, construction, execution, management and control of complex training simulations, using emergency preparedness and response as application areas. This work is part of that system and aims to create an individual and/or group performance evaluation sub system in distributed interactive simulations in order to better train apprentices in emergency management processes. It had been used theories, methods and best practices for evaluating human performance to create this sub system. During the preparation of simulations and human performance evaluations, it had been used preparedness and response to emergencies standards and protocols for conducting drills accordingly to São Paulo State, as well as the support of professional experts (São Carlos Fire Department). The modeling, simulations and ontologies used in this project were developed by the students in an integrated manner at WINDIS laboratory. As an individual part of this paper, it has been developed three modules that enable, respectively, the training assessments configuration, the monitoring and evaluation at runtime (with proper measurement for the proposed scenario, the instructor interaction in the simulation and analysis of competences Individual and team), and the analysis and after-action orientation. Two scenarios were developed a concept proof, one for fire department truck s control panel and other to conduct fire-fighting with indirect attack.
Contribuições da ACIEPE histórias infantis e matemática na perspectiva de egressas do curso de pedagogia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-26)
Souza, Ana Paula Gestoso de
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Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2662760426985944
In the literature related to the area of teacher formation, currently recommends the formation of reflective practitioners and researchers of their own practice embedded in a social, historical and political context. Besides, we emphasize the demand for formation environments that maintain the idea of unity between theory and practice and between teaching and research, which prioritize the development of reflection and articulation with the reality of school. Several formation courses seek to set up as a space for professional growth that does not negligence the demands of educational practice and hence follow its development. One of these environments is materializes in Curricular Activity Teaching Research and Extension (ACIEPE), called "Children's Stories and Mathematics in Initial Grade", offered since 2004, by Federal University of São Carlos. The target people of this ACIEPE are students of Pedagogy course and graduation in Mathematics and teacher of elementary school and pre-school education. Altogether, this activity includes several moments that aim: the study of references that address the primary language, the mathematical language, the potential of reading, mathematics teaching, the connection between children's literature and mathematics; the analysis of paradidatic books; the analysis of teaching and learning situations that uses infant texts and mathematics; as well as moments that result in the construction and subsequent implementation of infant books to teach mathematical content. This is the scenario that this research try to identify and analyze, from the perspective of egresses of the Pedagogy course, the contributions of ACIEPE "Children's Stories and mathematics in the elementary school" for the development of the process of learning how to teach mathematics. The theoretical framework is permeated by concepts such as: initial formation, formation of teachers that teach mathematics, knowledge base for teaching, reading and writing in math classes, the relationship between theory and practice, and others. We chose the case study of ACIEPE once the participants composes this case with their stories, highlighting their origins, direct and indirect influences, near and far. We analyzed multiple data sources - many written records that were produced over this research, teaching and extension as reports, classes plans, field diaries, books produced, etc., interview and questionnaires answered after the end of ACIEPE - enabling the data triangulation, since the variety of sources of evidence assisted in performing various analyzes of a given process. The results of this work allow us to configure the ACIEPE "Children's Stories for the elementary school" as an instance of formative teachers, because the contributions of the curricular activities for the development of the teacher in personal and professional dimension were verified of egresses who participated. Among the contributions of ACIEPE stands out the possibility that the licensees are aware of the processes of teaching and learning and understand specifically how to work them, so this activity of teaching, research and extension enables the construction of pedagogical content knowledge, the center of the knowledge base for teaching. It was found also that the dynamics involving the construction and use of a material in a collaborative group were the main sources of learning. In this formation process the institutional dimension is crucial as in the University, as forming instancy, recognizes, honors and promotes the achievement of this type of formation which showed prolific to the teacher professional development.
Influência dos sistemas de produção, convencional e orgânico, na qualidade da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp) e do açúcar mascavo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-27)
Minguetti, Fausto Fabrício
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Borges, Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1800048119205212
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0771443950144010
The brown sugar is a sweetener with nutritional characteristics, obtained directly from the concentration of sugarcane juice freshly extracted. Its production does not require usage of any chemical additives, so that it is preserved most of the original constituents of sugarcane, without any exogenous substances. This makes this product having a higher nutritional quality thau crystal sugar or refined. To evaluate the influence of fertilization, organic and conventional, in sugarcane and muscovado sugar, it was conducted an experience with six fertilization systems in randomized complete block with four replications. The canes were analyzed and later or were produced muscovado sugars that were analyzed for their physico-chemical and sensorial quality. The physico-chemical analyzes comprised the following parameters: sucrose (pol), Brix, purity, reducing sugars (AR), total reducing sugars (ART), fiber, amino acids, phenolics, potassium, pH, acidity, ash and moisture. For sensory analysis it was used the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) by nineteen tasters. A vi preference test with 50 consumers was also performed rating a hedonic scale of 9 points. The results showed that the different fertilization systems did not influenced the physico-chemical quality of the cane. Only phenolic content showed statistical differences for different treatments. These differences, however, are very small. Regarding the physico-chemical and sensorial qualities of the sugar, despite some differences, all treatments provided sugars with good acceptance. It is noteworthy that the organic system seeks a better environmental balance bringing social and long lasting sustainable benefits.
Interação entre ergonomia e projeto: o trabalho do operador de descoqueamento em uma refinaria de petróleo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-27)
Rodrigues, Daniela da Silva
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Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4444573469390879
This work, developed by a partnership between Ergo&Ação ergonomic group from the Federal University of Sao Carlos and an oil refinery from the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, has as its primary focus the dialogue between ergonomics and design in the face of a decoking operator work situation. The origin of this demand is related to the occurrence of accidents that happened in the coking unit of the refinery, specifically during the decoking operation. To contribute to the understanding of the determinants and conditioning factors and the mechanisms of this operation, we attempted to systematize the actions of the operators and use their perceptions in the development of the design process. The theoretical background for this work was based on the social process of design, on the Ergonomic Workplace Analysis method (EWA), that is aligned with the corporative guidelines and standards of Health, Safety and Environment of the refinery, and on the Future Activity Approach. The results show two distinct rationales that guide designers of the refinery in the development of conceptual design processes of the company. The interaction between ergonomics and design in the conceptual designs favored the collective construction, enabling ergonomics to act as a member that integrates the conflict of values, representing the various actors in this process.
Estudo de composições de amido termoplástico: extrusão reativa e nanocompósitos com microfibrilas de celulose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-28)
Ferreira, Adriane de Medeiros
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Carvalho, Antonio José Felix de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5050955206618507
;
Gandini, Alessandro
;
Hui, Wang Shu
A resistência à tração, módulo de elasticidade e alongamento das amostras de TPS com o diisocianato, na presença ou ausência de ácido cítrico, e poli(isocianato) bloqueado na ausência de ácido cítrico, aumentaram em comparação ao TPS. Todos os materiais modificados quimicamente apresentaram redução na absorção de água após a modificação química. Observou-se um aumento na massa molar das amostras com quantidades menores de incorporação do diisocianato e poli(isocianato) sem ácido cítrico, resultado da formação de grupos uretana no material. As propriedades mecânicas dos nanocompósitos sofreram um significativo aumento na resistência e módulo de elasticidade se comparada ao TPS original. A adição de microfibrilas ocasionou um aumento da resistência mecânica dos nanocompósitos. The nanocomposites were prepared with nom modified thermoplastic starch reinforced with cellulose microfibrils obtained by alkaline treatment of eucalyptus pulp, followed by cryogenic grinding. The materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT), X-ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), liquid chromatography size exclusion high-efficiency (HPSEC), atomic force microscopy (AFM) microscopy, transmission and scanning (MTV-EGF), water absorption and mechanical tests. The use of single-screw extruder for the chemical modification of thermoplastic starch proved to be efficient because it promoted the reaction of diisocyanates in the presence or absence of citric acid. The process was also effective in decreasing the crystallinity of the TPS, which can increase its stability after processing. The tensile strength, modulus and elongation of TPS samples with the diisocyanate in the presence or absence of citric acid, and blocked polyisocyanate in the absence of citric acid increased after chemical modification by REX. For all chemically modified materials it was observed a decreased in the water absorption compared to the TPS. There was an increase in molar mass of the samples with smaller amounts of diisocyanate and polyisocyanate without citric acid, as a result of the formation of urethane groups in the material. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites underwent a significant increase in strength and elastic modulus when compared to the pristine TPS. The microfibrils addition causes an increase in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites.
Produção de lipopeptídeos e glicolipídeos a partir da bioconversão do co-produto da produção do biodiesel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-28)
Sousa, Juliana Rabelo de
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6996468259530844
Biosurfactants are a surface-active chemical compounds synthesized by microorganisms. These compounds have many advantages when compared to their chemically synthesized counterparts as specific action, low toxicity, higher biodegradability, effectiveness at extreme temperatures, pH and strength ionic. They appear as promising candidates to replace chemical surfactants produced from petrochemicals. The use of renewable and low cost substrates such as agro based industrial wastes is one of the attractive strategies for economical large scale biosurfactants production. In this work, it was evaluated glycerol, a co-product of biodiesel production, as carbon source for biosurfactant production. Two microorganisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MSCIC02 and Bacillus subtilis LAMI009, both isolated from environmental sources, were used thorough this work. In the first part of the work experiments were carried out in shake flasks using P. aeruginosa. The results showed that the increase in nitrogen source (sodium nitrate) and the decrease in the carbon source (glycerin) favored rhamnolipids production. In the range studied, the maximum biosurfactant concentration obtained was 2.3 g⋅L-1 (C/N ratio 12). The effect of nitrogen concentration on the biosynthesis of rhamnolipids and pH behavior as a function of the nitrate concentration in the cultures indicated that this strain probably carried a denitrification route favoring the production of rhamnolipids. Experimental runs carried out in bioreactor indicated that the integrated process of production and separation/concentration by fractionation in bubble column equipment caused many operation problems, such as the drag cell, and reducing the concentration of rhamnolipids to 0.4 g⋅L-1in the reaction medium. The kinetics of product formation was evaluated by two models. The Luedeking-Piret model was not able to represent the process. The model proposed by MERCIER et. al. (1992) could adequately describe the rhamnolipids production from P. aeruginosa strain. Emulsifying capacity of the cell-free culture medium was assessed by the emulsification index (EI24). The biosurfactant produced was able to emulsify vegetable oils as well as mineral oils. EI24 greater than 55% was reached. In the second part of the work experimental data from Bacillus subtilis LAMI009 cultivated in shake flasks showed that the growth of this strain was dependent on iv the medium supplementation with yeast extract. A change in culture medium was implemented in order to reduce the length of the lag phase. The use of inorganic nitrogen sources showed that both ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate reached similar values of surfactin concentration and volumetric productivity. It was obtained 35 mg⋅L-1 and 6.1 mg⋅L-1⋅h-1, respectively. Surface tension of the cell-free culture medium was similar for both nitrogen sources. The minimal value obtained was 29.7 mN⋅m-1. Sodium nitrate was found to be an adequate nitrogen source for cell growth. However, in these assays low productivity and low surface tension reduction were obtained when compared to the other nitrogen sources evaluated. The supplementation of the culture medium with yeast extract improves the surfactin concentration (60.0 mg⋅L-1) and volumetric productivity (5.2 mg⋅L-1⋅h-1). In this assay the surface tension reached 28.1 mN⋅m-1. The inoculum size had a great influence on cell growth and production of surfactin. When 2% (v/v) of inoculum was used the surfactin concentration and volumetric productivity obtained were 148.2 mg⋅L-1 e 14.22 mg⋅L-1⋅h-1, respectively. The search for genes responsible for production of lipopeptides surfactin and iturine indicated the presence of the genes lpa14 and ituD in B. subtilis LAMI009 genome. Analysis of the chromatography profile of methanol extracts of the lipopeptides from culture medium with ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate as nitrogen source showed characteristic peaks of the surfactin and iturine. Thereby, it is believed that this strain is a co-producer of both surfactin and iturine. Emulsifying capacity of the cell-free culture medium showed higher stability with the media that employed ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate as nitrogen source. It was obtained EI24 of 65% with n-hexadecane and 45% with kerosene. The acid precipitation of biosurfactant from the cell-free culture medium showed that this prepurification step promoted an increase in the emulsifying capacity of the mixture of lipopeptides synthesized by B. subtilis LAMI009. The aqueous solution of crude biosurfactant was able to emulsify naphthenic oils, vegetable oils, and an aromatic hydrocarbon. Values of EI24 greater than 65% were obtained. Emulsions formed with naphthenic oils were more stable according to droplet-size distribution. The smaller the size of droplets, the more stable was the emulsion.
A agrobiodiversidade nas terras indígenas guarani Nhandewa no norte do Paraná: memória, resgate e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-28)
Almeida, Thiago Valente Vieira de
;
Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3306060519945768
The importance of the farmers themselves hold their traditional varieties of seeds becomes even more relevant to indigenous peoples, both for the richness of ethnic knowledge developed, and the rescue of these practices in the current context of degradation and erosion of diversity, imposed by the dominant monocultural model. This study characterized the situation of indigenous agrobiodiversity in the north of Paraná state, indigenous territory Terra Indígena Laranjinha and Terra Indígena Pinhalzinho , inhabited by Nhandewa Guarani Indians. Through an ethnographic study examined the memory of the Guarani Indians of their various tradicional seeds, their distinct characteristics and uses, as well as agricultural practices were employed by ancians. The wishes of indigenous agrobiodiversity rescue and the difficulties facing the dominant model of production in the field were also registered. Terra Indígena Pinhalzinho performed the first Feira de Troca de Sementes Crioulas/Tradicionais and directed efforts to locate and produce the varieties of rice, beans, potatoes, cassava and maize indigenous. Respondents shall ensure that the presence of these seeds help to rescue cultural universe, strengthening spiritual Guarani lifestyle.
Estratégia de modelagem para controle de FMS combinando redes de Petri e um sistema Fuzzy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-09-28)
Reis, Felipe Bezerra dos
;
Morandin Júnior, Orides
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8671794210173330
The flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are automated production systems capable of producing a wide variety of product types. They are composed by machines, robots and automated transport systems. Make the control of an FMS is a complex task due to the various subsystems and elements that compose it, and also by the necessity of respond to strategic issues that vary according to market demands. Much has been made in relation to the control of FMS. Several studies in the literature cover issues of control of FMS. Despite the high number of papers that address these issues, technological advances and market demands cause introduction of new challenges and new studies are conducted. This work based itself on other studies about the control of FMS to evolve into some issues of modeling and control of FMS. The purpose of this paper is to indicate a modeling strategy, based on Petri nets, that is easy to understand, requiring low efforts to adapt to different production plans, and allowing that the control of the FMS model takes into account information of the current state of the system in decision making for conflict resolution. The work ends with the application of the modeling method proposed in a hypothetical FMS. It was built a control system to make the reading of variables from the model of the FMS and decide how conflicts should be resolved on the Petri net model. To support the decision making of the control system, it was built a Fuzzy system. Simulations were conducted for a variety of production plans in which the control system achieved real-time responses to conflict resolution, preventing the system of reach deadlock conditions.