Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2012-10-19"

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Explorando geometria elementar através de jogos e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-19)
Magri, Marcela Arantes
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Salvador, José Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2487171069472158
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3842099407889089
It is presented in this thesis a didactic proposal for pedagogical teaching aspects of Geometry through games and challenges. The main goal is to present a more didactic resource for teachers of elementary Mathematics. The games have been widely used in classroom. However, living in an increasingly competitive world, students focus only on winning the game and most of the time end up forgetting the exploration of mathematical content that is supposed to be learned. Given that, it was decided that cooperative games is an interesting option in which partnership and cooperation is more important than rivalry. We formulated and used games and challenges that could be conducted outside the classroom to explore locations, using measures of length and angles with an adventure approach to the problem of treasure hunting. We also used recreational and computer kits, synchronized with the current world that can subsidize teachers wishing to work with the initial concepts of Geometry in a different and motivating way for students.
Quintais agroecológicos: sala de aula informal paracapacitação formal - as experiências do assentamento rural Araras 4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-19)
Mantovanelli, Diogo Fonseca
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Stolf, Rubismar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7945351576726409
Given that the extinction of biodiversity, and considerable environmental and social degradation, is intrinsically linked to the conventional mode of production and consumption patterns, it becomes possible to identify that the challenge we face is not simply a matter of achieving the global demand for food since, quantitatively, this objective has been reached. Science is then faced with a paradigm. It is crucial that scientists involved in the search for environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural technologies worry about who actually will be benefited from them. It is also necessary to identify what is produced, how it is produced and for whom it is produced. Accordingly, agroecological production systems shows to be responsible for the recovery of soil fertility, promotion of food sovereignty and social inclusion of individuals affected by it. In the same way, permaculture design proposes the systemic thought and conception of ecological principles so the planning, the management and the improvement of the efforts made by individuals and communities may lead to a viable future. These two approaches provide technical and practical subsidies for sustainable use of natural resources and should be included in actions of technical assistance and rural extension (ATER acronym in portuguese). The purpose of this work was to systematize the experiences of an action research in critical ATER, which resulted in the training of agroecology and permaculture students from UFSCar and producers of the settlement Araras 4, located in the municipality of Araras, São Paulo, Brazil. Based on the results, we can conclude that the teaching of agroecology and permaculture, practical experience and educational spaces can assist in teaching and learning, and provides products and models to be followed by producers.
Cinemática do tronco, pelve, quadril e joelho, torque excêntrico e ativação muscular do quadril em homens e mulheres com e sem a dor patelofemoral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-22)
Nakagawa, Theresa Helissa
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Serrão, Fábio Viadanna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3020771286419217
Although the incidence of patellofemoral pain (PFP) is higher in females, it also occurs quite commonly in males. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in lower limb kinematics, strength and muscular activation between males and females. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that the trunk movement in the frontal plane might influence the knee joint. However, information about trunk and lower limbs biomechanics between males and females with PFP is sparse. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate trunk, pelvis, hip and knee kinematics, hip eccentric torque and muscular activation in males and females with and without PFP during functional activities. Eighty volunteers were evaluated and equally divided into four groups: Females PFP, Female Controls, Males PFP and Male Controls. The 3D kinematics was evaluated using an electromagnetic tracking system (Ascension Technology Corporation, Burlington, VT), the electromyographic signals were collected with a Bagnoli eightchannel system (Delsys Inc., Boston, MA) and the hip eccentric torque was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Multi-Joint System 2; Shirley, NY). Males and females with PFP demonstrated higher ipsilateral trunk lean, contralateral pelvic drop, hip adduction and knee abduction during single leg squat and step-down task, when compared to the controls. These kinematic alterations were accompanied by reduced hip abduction and external rotation eccentric torque. As opposed to the males, females with PFP also showed greater hip internal rotation and reduced gluteus medius activation during single leg squat. In addition, greater hip adduction, hip internal rotation and knee abduction were associated with greater pain level and reduced function in individuals with PFP. Despite many similarities in findings for males and females with PFP, there may be specific sex differences that warrant consideration in future studies and when clinically evaluating and treating females with PFP.
Conjuntos minimais de pontos fixos e coincidências de aplicações fibradas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-23)
Silva, Weslem Liberato
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8238746956354442
This thesis was developed in two parts. Firstly, we consider a pair of fiber-preserving maps f1, f2 : M → M in a fiber bundle with base S1 and fiber Klein bottle. Using an algebraic system of equations we found in what situations the minimal coincidence set over S1 of the pair (f1, f2) is empty. In the second part, motivated by this problem, we consider a fiber-preserving map f : M → M in a fiber bundle with base S1 and fiber torus. Using the one-parameter fixed point theory we studied the minimal fixed point set over S1 of the map f. In some fiber bundle we classified completely this sets.
Características biomecânicas dos pés durante a marcha de crianças tipícas e com síndrome de Down
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-24)
Castro, Kelli Cristina de
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Costa, Paula Hentschel Lobo da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9083349298690934
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4586476708854369
The developmental evaluation in children s feet between the age of two and six years-old may be one of Health Professionals duty in a pre-school. In this age the more important changes in children s feet occur and it may be important to identify dysfunctions that require intervention as soon as possible. Thus the purpose of this study was to evaluate the static structure and dynamic function of pre-school children s feet in order to classify them according to a reference profile. Twenty five healthy children (mean age of 3.4 ± 0.65 years) had their feet anthropometry measured to classify the static foot structure and plantar pressures measured with a platform to evaluate dynamic foot function. The results evidenced that our children showed increased arch índex, midfoot width and peak pressure over the midfoot and decreased force-time integral for the forefoot, compared to a reference study. Thus, our results suggest that our children in some aspects present foot structure and function not as developed as expected for their age.
Cromatografia líquida bidimensional aplicada a senosídeos e na determinação simultânea de diclofenaco sódico, paracetamol e cafeína
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-25)
Favarin, Fábio Henrique Pinheiro
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5043755089274025
In this study are proposed analytical methods involving the two-dimensional liquid chromatography for drug analysis. The twodimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) provides an increase in peak separation ability as compared with the technique dimensional. With its more powerful separation occurs reducing co-elutions, allowing better quantification. The orthogonal separation based on different separation mechanisms may improve the selectivity and facilitate analysis of compounds in complex samples. One of the principles characterizing 2D-LC technique is to use orthogonal methods to each other, thus peaks are eluted in the sequence A, B, C in the first column are eluted into another sequence in the second column that is orthogonal to the first . Selectivity is the ability of the chromatographic system of discriminating different analytes and is determined as the ratio of the retention factor of two analytes, or the ratio of the retention times. In the method 2D-LC, fractions should be collected after passing through a first column and reinjected into another column, thus, a chromatographic run 10 minutes at a flow rate of 1 ml / min, collecting fractions of 1 mL, 10 represents new injections. These fractions reinjected into a second column chromatograms new generation 10, which when joined together give rise to a chromatographic surface. Two-dimensional chromatograms are important to evaluate overlapping chromatographic peaks not able to be viewed on a conventional chromatographic analysis. The samples used for both tests were quantified by calculation of content and it was found that methods are needed, reproductive and fractions collected when compared with quantified method had good initial recovery. Methods have been developed for determination of senosides (series of anthraquinone derivatives with laxative effect), and dimeric occurring glycosides abundant in plants of the genus Senna and methods for determining the content of diclofenac sodium, paracetamol and caffeine. The samples were subjected to stress conditions to evaluate the appearance of new substances, characterized as impurities and / or degradation products. Comparing the results between one-dimensional and two-dimensional technique, note the significant increase in the selectivity of the peaks, and the resolution between them. In a dimensional analysis often requires a very long running time for complete separation of the peaks. Developing two-dimensional methods can significantly reduce the running time on a first column, causing the overlapping peaks are separated in a second stationary phase, gaining in selectivity.
Avaliação da cicatrização da pele de rato wistar após múltiplas sessões de terapia fotodinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-25)
Angarita, Dora Patricia Ramirez
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Kurachi, Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194007981724312
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7317761382511787
Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most frequent disease in the world population and it is becoming a public health problem. Due to this fact, new technologies are being tested for the treatment of this disease. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive technique with an excellent cosmetic outcome, well tolerated by patients and with good healing results when used for the initial stages of cancer lesions. PDT uses molecular oxygen, light at appropriate wavelengths and the drug photosensitizers to generation of reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen responsible for the photoinactivation of target cells. The characteristics of scar tissue after multiple sessions of PDT is not completely understood. It is not known whether multiple sessions of PDT may cause irreversible changes in the treated tissue. Thus, the present study has as its main objective the evaluation of the characteristics of the skin scarred after multiple sessions of PDT. For this study, we used 25 Wistar type male mice. These 25 mice were grouped into 5 subgroups of 5 each: G0, control group, non-subjected to any treatment; G1, exposed to one PDT session and after, there was made a lesion with CO2 laser over the scarred tissue; G2, the group is submitted twice for the same procedure, G3, subjected to 3 times the procedure performed for G1 group; G4, exposed to 4 times the procedure. Once the mice s skin was healed, we performed macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the histological pieces. Furthermore, we made a microscopic evaluation of collagen fibers and the generation of the second-harmonic through multiphotons microscopy. Macroscopically, it was observed a good healing for the different groups. The aesthetic result showed a decrease after the third and fourth sessions. In the microscopic study, it was observed an conservation of the quantity of sebaceous glands per square millimeter (mm2). The morphology of collagen fibers when evaluated using two-photon excited fluorescence in the confocal microscope, showed thinner fibers with a parallel arrangement and lower density in the G3 e G4 compared to the control group. It was not observed decrease in the generation of second harmonic in histopathology slides. These results suggest that healing in skin after four (4) sessions of PDT/lesion presents alterations in aesthetic and histological of the morphology of collagen fibers that may be related to submitted of the skin in eight (8) consecutive occasions with an incomplete healing between them.
Estrutura de platô na magnetização em modelos de spins frustrados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-26)
Anjos, Rosana Aparecida dos
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Souza, José Ricardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7632326568135001
This thesis study the phase transition, forms classical and quantum models of spin frustration. The Heisenberg model of spin 1/2 with exchange anisotropy with competitive interactions between first (J1) and second (J2) neighbors, called Model J1 − J2, will be analyzed through phase diagrams where we consider several parameters, including the frustration J2 and J1 what is the delimiter between the Ising and Heisenberg models. The Ising model is also studied in this work. We apply effective field theory (EFT) in finite clusters via differential operator technique (TOD). In particular starting phase diagrams of these models allowed us to observe the state antiferromagnetic (AF) and SAF called collinear (CAF), formed by horizontal lines (vertical) and ferromagnetic oriented along the vertical direction (horizontal) chains are oriented antiparalelo and a second stage still called SAF or (CAF-1) having alternate rows in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic. A special brackets is made for one phase called SAF-2 or CAF-2, comprised two consecutive columns ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic next and so on, thereby constructing a new phase. With the application of the external field we had a phenomenon capable of generating structures in plateau magnetization. The plateau phenomenon is influenced by the frustration parameter _ = J2/J1, the plateau were studied for the Ising and Heisenberg models generate different results with satisfactory conclusion. The methods and models were applied to networks in two and three dimensions.
Estudo da impermeabilização, monitoramento, modelagem e simulação de cenários para a bacia do Barbado - Cuiabá/MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-26)
Faria, Nilma de Oliveira
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Barbassa, Ademir Paceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6699717652548414
This paper aims to hydrologically simulate the Barbado Stream watershed, located in Cuiabá-MT, by using the SWMM model and evaluate the responses to its different waterproofing scenarios. The acquisition of the input data for the simulation involved monitoring rainfall and flow rate; geoprocessing techniques to estimate physical characteristics of the watershed and assist the study of its sealing, which in turn, conducted the on-site survey of permeable areas (AP) directly connected impervious areas (AIDC) and unconnected impervious areas (AInc) for a sample of lots included in the study watershed. Hydrological monitoring was carried out for the Barbado Stream s local precipitation, water level and velocity during precipitation events, which allowed the construction of a rating curve for the monitoring section up to the stage of 80 cm, extrapolated up to the stage of 2,60 m. The results of the sealing study revealed that the waterproofing mean of occupied lots in the watershed studied is of 82.40% and the percentage of waterproofing in the total area of the studied watershed is 55.07%. During calibration, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was held, resulting as the most sensitive parameters the sealed area (AIDC) and the Manning s roughness coefficient for channels. The calibration, performed by trial and error for two events, presented a satisfactory adjustment shown by the average determination coefficient of 0.912, Nash-Sutcliff coefficient of 0.842 and 0.025% of average error between the peak flows observed and estimated by the model. The model validation was verified for two events with adjustments close to those found in calibration. The simulation of rainfall scenarios for rainfall return periods of 2 up to 100 years revealed an increase in the peak flow of 12.6% to 16.9% for Scenario 2 and an increase from 11.7% to 22.0% for Scenario 3, both compared to the current occupation of Scenario 1. Even for return periods of 2 years, floods were found in scenario 1 at one point and in scenarios 2 and 3 in three points.
Foucault e a transgressão do prazer na ética da psicanálise lacaniana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-26)
Rodrigues, Malcom Guimarães
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8316619833936970
L objectif est interroger les notions lacaniennes de « plaisir » et « transgression », qui a été conçu le début des années 1960, en face de la théorie foucaultienne de la « boîte à outils », pour proposer une forme de résistance en marge des dilemmes pervers qui apparaissent à l'éthique de la psychanalyse lacanienne.
Distribuição de combustíveis no estado de São Paulo: estruturas de governança e oportunismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-26)
Soares, Selene de Souza Siqueira
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1373686436888322
This work is directed to the study of transactions governance adopted by fuel distributors in the State of Sao Paulo with retail market sellers or gas stations. The applied theoretical approach lies on studies of New Institutional Economics, favoring the study of Transaction Costs Economics, using attributes of transactions defined by Williansom (1979) and other studies by authors such as Ménard (2001, 2004; 2006) which emphasizes hybrids coordination devices complementary to contracts such as influence, leadership, confidence and ad hoc institutions. The supply sector study under this theoretical point of view is quite interesting, because since the begging of deregulation process in the late 1990s, the final link in this chain has brought distinct governance. Two kinds of transactions keep going on simultaneously: sales in the spot market among all distributors and no branded gas station (or so called white flag resellers), and hybrid governance structures with long-term contracts between distributors and their gas station franchisees. This has been a common strategy adopted by dominant distributors and pursued in some extent by regional distributors. In addition, the observation of governance in the sector progressively highlights the representativeness of opportunistic behavior, especially those related to fuel adulteration and acquisitions outside the exclusive arrangement of negotiations. The control decisions of such opportunistic behavior and recognition of their impact in the coordination of transactions have become essential for understanding the expected stability in this governance and their suitability as minimizing structures of transaction costs. The results of this thesis suggest that the governance structures of the transactions differ by asset specificity. Hybrid governance structure is the most common one. The control of opportunistic actions in this kind of structure has been carried out by using contractual mechanisms and complementary mechanisms to contracts. On the other side, regional distributors set transactions of lower asset specificity and use influence as the only coordinating mechanism complementary to those contracts. However, in terms of business share, transactions through market are still the most frequent ones in this segment. As for the third group of distributors, the independent ones, transactions take place uniquely through the market and the control of opportunistic actions are dispensed by them and transferred to sectorial monitoring public organizations. Delay in asserting the contracts has been the main cause of the uprising of complementary mechanisms, and its utilization has been directed basically to the protection of the specific assets in transactions, specially in the preservation of the unique trading channels, recovery of specific investments and mainly to protect its brand-specific assets. If, in one hand, the hybrid governance efficiency in the use of these mechanisms enhances the transaction costs and approaches to governance structure of hierarchical and centralised structures, on the other hand, in low asset specific transactions, relations of spot market and competitive bases of another thread are consolidated differently from the first, looking primarily for lower prices despite the appeal of quality referenced by the main specific distributors firms assets distributors: their brands.
Programa computacional para a avaliação da produtividade da mão de obra na execução de sistemas prediais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-26)
Nascimento, Thiago Augusto do
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Paliari, José Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9387796929252598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4845828457193556
The increased productivity of labor is an important factor for businesses in general face a scenario of competitiveness. In Construction there is a great opportunity for improving the productivity of labor and among the services that deserve attention in this issue, we highlight the implementation of Building Systems Hydraulic and Fuel Gas Piping (SPHSGC). However, few studies addressing the productivity of these systems have been conducted, mainly due to the difficulty of data collection, this difficulty compounded by the fact that its implementation be very fragmented, divided into several tasks and subtasks with different efforts, and happen simultaneously at different floors. In this context, justifies the development of a comptational tool that integrates the design of building systems, with the differential use graphical interface, procedures for data collection to assess the productivity of labor in the execution of these building systems, goal this work. To achieve it, initially proceeded to the understanding of the concept of productivity and indicators for its measurement as well as the procedures for collecting data in order to measure them, understanding the parts compose the SPHSGC and the process of implementation, evaluation and choice of programming language for the development of the software and ultimately their development, with testing to verify its applicability and reliability. As contributions stand out initially using the graphical interface of the projects of building systems to o stain quantitative data regarding the performance of these services, linking this information to the man-hours defendants, in their various tasks and subtasks involved in their implementation . Besides this factor facilitator, the program offers the user, which can be the manager of services or even responsible for implementation, indicators of productivity of labor and the current stage of its implementation over the floors of the building. Finally, it is noteworthy that the current use of this tool will provide managers with a database on the productivity of labor that can be used for prediction of these values for future works, feasibility study, correct sizing of work teams, lifting costs among other benefits.
Síntese de clorinas anfifílicas com potenciais aplicações em terapia fotodinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-26)
Santos, Fabiane Aparecida Batalha dos
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Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4852061346657498
The main objective of this work was to construct amphiphilic chlorins with low aggregation in a physiological environment. The synthesis and structural characterization of the target compounds were carried out, and preliminary photophysical studies have been performed to point out the best candidates for further photochemical and biological studies (PDT studies) Initially, the porphyrin precursor 2 was synthesized using accessible reagents and a simple methodology, as described in Scheme 3. Scheme 3. Synthesis of new chlorins. i) C6H5Cl/PTSA, reflux, 2h and then ii) MeOH/H2SO4 5%, rt, overnight, 72% yield (2 steps); iii) solvent/conditions (Tabela 1) and maleiimide 9; iv) solvent/conditions (Tabela 2) and maleiimide 10; v) NH2OCH2CH2OH, THF, reflux. The second part of the work involved the Diels Alder reactions between the dienophiles (9 and 10) and porphyrin 2, as shown in Scheme 3. The synthesis of the dienophiles involved initial protection with ethylene glycol (to 7) or ethylenedithiol (to 11). The ethylene glycol protected compound 7 did not provide the expected results yielding only by-products. On the other hand, the approach using ethylenedithiol as protecting group allowed the effective synthesis of maleimides 9 and 10 (Scheme 4). Scheme 4. Synthesis of maleimides. We decided to study the relative reactivity of maleimides 9 and 10 under the Diels-Alder reactions conditions with porphyrin 2, as well as establish the ideal conditions to obtain chlorins 3a/3b and 4a/4b. Our best results were obtained for chlorins 3a and 3b with 37% and 37% yield for both; for chlorins 4a and 4b the yields were 36% and 35%, respectively. Finally, the versatility of chlorins 4a and 4b, as multi-functionalizable photosensitizers, was evaluated. These compounds reacted with 2-aminoxyethanol and the oxime-type amphiphilic derivatives 5a/5b were obtained in 67% and 74% yield, respectively. The reported compounds in this dissertation were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and low or high resolution mass spectrometry. The structures were assigned unambiguously. Through the synthetic studies, some photophysical tests, such as singlet oxygen production measurements, were conducted in order to evaluate the potential of chlorins 3a/3b and 4a/4b for PDT studies. 1H NMR aggregation studies were also performed to demonstrate the absence of aggregation in solution at the studied concentrations (high concentrations).
Ocorrência de nitrato em águas subterrâneas na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos Tietê-Jacaré
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-27)
Casagrande, Lucas Antonio Ribas
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0069984164515170
Agricultural practices present themselves as potentially polluting to groundwater. The recharge areas, where the aquifers tend to be more vulnerable, are under important agricultural areas, and there are not many researches that evaluate the impact of agricultural activity on groundwater quality. The occurrence of high nitrate concentrations, as an effect of the intensive use of fertilizers and nitrogen-rich agricultural products, along with the disposal of agro-industrial residues on the ground, such as nitrogen-rich vinasse, are some of the biggest concerns due to agricultural activity. Considering the existence of extensive areas of sugar cane production, as well as the need for preserving the recharge areas occurring at the Water Resources Management Unit nº 13 (Tietê-Jacaré), this research has as its main goal the accomplishment of a survey and systematization, from water quality existing data, of nitrate occurrence in Serra Geral, Bauru and Guarani Aquifer Systems groundwater, at the Tietê- Jacaré hydrographic basin. Thus, the existing data from groundwater quality monitoring performed by the São Paulo State Environmental Agency were consolidated, for the nitrate parameter, and, moreover, there had been analyzed results from groundwater analyses, for the Nitrate parameter, of a total of 151 private deep wells located in agricultural areas at the Tietê-Jacaré basin, registered at the São Paulo State Water Department. The integrated data, grouped for each Aquifer, has been submitted to basic statistics analysis, calculating its averages, medium, maximum and minimums. The medium ones were used as a reference, for comparison to the orientating values of quality reference, prevention and intervention. Of general form, from the results of the existing analyses, it is observed that the Nitrate concentrations are low, finding higher values in wells that take water from Bauru and Serra Geral Aquifers. None of the raised concentrations were above the national drinking water standard, however, the occurrence of nitrate concentrations above the prevention value deserves attention, indicating alteration on natural balance, mainly for human influence. The wells and their nitrate concentrations were located on a Tietê-Jacaré land use map, through which the ones located in sugar cane areas were identified. The nitrate data for those wells on sugar cane production areas were submitted, separately, to another basic statistics analysis, calculating the averages, medium, maximum and minimum, for comparison with the other wells located in areas with different land use types. On average, the concentrations of the wells in sugar cane area are higher than the concentrations for other wells, especially for the Bauru and Guarani Aquifers. In general, there are increasing concentrations throughout time, indicating the need for continuous monitoring for the nitrate parameter, beyond the establishment of preventive actions to avoid nitrate pollution.
Estudo das variáveis que afetam a tenacidade e a ductilidade do aço PH13-8Mo utilizado na indústria aeronáutica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-27)
Moreno, Rômulo Fernandes
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Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807
Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel PH13-8Mo is a high strength steel used in the aerospace industry. Beyond the high strength, this grade has relatively high toughness and ductility for the strength achieved. The aerospace industry is increasingly asking for high strength materials with higher toughness and ductility than the actual limits required. Villares Metals, manufacturer of specialty steels and alloys, supplies the 13-8 steel (Villares grade N4534QA) for the aerospace industry like Embraer and ELEB (landing gear manufacturer of Embraer aircrafts). Although Villares 13-8 steel meets the international and the aerospace specifications, is characteristic of this company to improve its products and follow the new requirements of the customers and the market. Thus, is of its interest to produce the 13-8 steel with higher toughness and ductility. Therefore, the objective of this work is to study the variables which affect the 13-8 steel toughness and ductility aiming to produce it with improved properties. It were studied the effect of the alloying and residual elements, steelmaking process (remelting), hot forming process (forging and rolling) and heat treatment process. The verification of these effects was verified through tensile and impact Charpy V tests.
Influência dos íons Cu2+ nas propriedades ópticas dos pós de (Ca1-x Cux)TiO3 preparados por métodos químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-29)
Oliveira, Larissa Helena de
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Varela, José Arana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1807399214239200
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1461337173265474
The influence of Cu2+ doping as well as the preparation methods on the structural, morphological and optical properties of (Ca1-xCux)TiO3 powders with (x= 0; 0,01; 0,02; 0,04 and 0,10) of Cu2+ were studied in this work. The copper ions has been chose to replace the A site in the CaTiO3 perovskite, by the fact that structural defects related to covalent character of Cu-O linkages are created in the CaTiO3 crystalline structure. This effect is able to change the polarization or charge density of CaO12 and TiO6 clusters in the matrix, influencing its optical properties. The studied systems were synthesized by the microwave assisted hydrothermal method (HM) and Polymeric precursor method (PPM). These powders were structurally and morphologically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, micro-Raman (MR) spectroscopy, volumetric gas adsorption of Brunauer, Emmett e Teller (BET) method and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Finally, their optical properties were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD patterns, Rietveld refinement indicated that these crystals present a perovskite-type CaTiO3 orthorhombic structure and space group Pbnm. MR spectroscopy indicated the presence of strtuctural defects which are associated to the introduction of Cu2+ ions in the A site of the perovskite.The presence of structural defects which are able to modify the polarization and/or charge density into the lattice, influencing its optical properties. Moreover, the reduction in band gap (Egap) observed for these systems is also related to them. The defects and distortions into lattice at medium- and short-range on the [CaO12]/[TiO6] clusters promotes the structural order-disorder responsible for the intense PL properties of these systems. The powders morphology are also influenced by the experimental procedure employed in the systems preparation. These materials are promising candidates for future applications in optical devices.
Entre idas e vindas, entre ganhos e perdas: as trajetórias de camponeses brasileiros em vivências na fronteira boliviana com o Acre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-29)
Silva, Diego Correia da
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9335706646959912
The induced migration is a constitutive and persistent part of the Brazilian state strategies in the Amazon occupation process and, particularly, in the Acre occupation process as well. However, the incessant concentration of the means of production especially land and the local resistance movements apart has generated the expulsion of some groups to beyond the Brazilian border. These groups occupied the Bolivian side of the border as an alternative, even though precarious to keep their economical survival, without losing their social bond that links them to the acrian side. But to across the border between Acre and Bolívia was not the most painful experience of these groups, in terms of their identitary state as extractives, since these groups are confronted with a greater challenge that is their expulsion of the border as a means of national security and Bolivian sovereignty. With deadline to leave their homes, i.e., desterritorializate in a compulsory manner, these groups comprehend their nationality as a restrictive factor to production place in the Bolivian territory, and at the same time, they do not have any favorable factor to their reinsertion in the Brazilian territory, mainly in the Acre countryside. In this context, the objective of this dissertation is a sociological investigation about the trajectories and the subsequent socio-spatial vulnerabilization processes lived by the Brazilian peasants that nowadays occupy areas in the border between Bolívia and Acre. For this purpose, we present a sociological and qualitative research, whose procedures are the bibliography review about the politics of Amazon occupation, studies about the official data from multilateral organizations and Brazilian institutes involved with the topic, semistructured interviews and photo-documentation. The analysis of the results was divided in three parts, each one relative to one migratory movement: from Brazilian Northwest to Amazon (Trajectory 1); from Acre to Bolívia (Trajectory 2); and the return of the peasants to Brazil (Trajectory 3). Among the most important findings are the identification of regular regimes that affected the deterritorialization processes of the group, such as the lack of legitimacy of the right to ownership of land by peasants, and other unique traits, such as degradation resulting from identity tensions experienced in the bolivian context, which are being expelled.
Pensar nos bichos : afetos e políticas da proteção animal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-30)
Oliveira, Guilherme Antunes de
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Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671
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Leirner, Piero de Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883880276055777
As an ethnography about interspecific relationships – between humans and animals – in urban contexts, this dissertation aims to reflect about the actions related to the management and protection of animal life within institutional and domestic scopes. From the contact with activist groups in two cities in the state of São Paulo it was possible to observe situations that alternate between containment and propitiation measures and their consequent interferences in a conviviality supported by the principle of animal protection. Government and activism – as well as the perceptions and conceptions of the domestic animal resulting from their respective actions – allow a theoretical and methodological reflection on the binomial established between culture and nature, when they reveal conflicts and possible ambivalences of animal protection, situated between control and hosting measures that, consequently, are linked to affectivities and legal issues. Ethical arguments, contained in laws and public policies, as well as the appeal to the sensitive dimension, eventually triggered by activism, also provide subsidies to understanding other concepts - such as welfare and animal rights – and these interspecific relationships mediated by emotions and reason, both tangents to the moral condition of the animal as part of a predominantly human socius.
Estruturas cristalinas e moleculares de indóis 1,3- substituídos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-30)
Wulf, Glaudeston Dutra
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Schpector, Júlio Zukerman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7980149644118088
This work consists of 7 chapters. In Chapter 1 a description of the problems addressed here are presented, starting with a brief story about the development of Xray diffraction crystallography, starting with the description of crystals, unit cells and, cocristals and at the end the concepts of supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering, together with the description of the compounds studied and an application of the use of computational studies complementing the crystalochemical studies, are presented. In chapter 2 the objectives of this work are described. The third chapter includes the experimental procedures that have been used to determine the molecular and crystal structures, as well as the ones used for the modeling studies performed. In Chapter 4 the results are described and discussed, that is, the crystal structures of two 1,3-substituted indoles: 3-Ethenyl-1-(4- methylphenylsulfonyl)-1H-indole (compound 1) and 3-Formyl-1-(4- methylphenylsulfonyl)-1H-indole (compound 2). The striking result is that both compounds have two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, in other words, Z' > 1. Both molecules of compound 1 are very similar and that of compound 2 they are rotamers. Molecular modeling calculations showed that in all cases the independent molecules have almost the same energy and that the rotational barrier for interconversion between rotamers is between 2.0 and 3.0 kcal.mol-1. Due to this low energy barrier, both conformers should coexist in solution and when crystallization occurs, they have the same probability to crystallize. Chapter 5 presents the conclusions of this study. In chapter 6 the references are given and, in Chapter 7 a copy of the published paper can be found.
Estudo espectroscópico do íon Eu3+ dopado na matriz de tungstato de estrôncio obtido através do processo sol-gel não-hidrolítico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-10-30)
Pereira, Paula Fabiana dos Santos
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Rosa, Ieda Lucia Viana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086262254116449
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930349739659635
In this work it was investigated the influence of the temperature, time of heat treatment, and the variation of the Eu3+ concentration into the SrWO4 framework related to their structural, morphological and photoluminescent properties. Thus, strontium tungstates, SrWO4, have attracted considerable attention, mainly in the development of researches aiming their utilization as new electro-optic displays, due to their photoluminescent properties. The study of the crystalline scheelite structures promotes the comprehension of their photoluminescent properties. The SrWO4:Eu3+ powders were characterized using the techniques of Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA/DSC), powder X-ray Diffraction (DRX), Rietveld Refinement, Micro-Raman analysis (MR), morphology and determination of the elements by EDSX, absorption in the ranges of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis.) and infrared (IR), as well as photoluminescence (PL) and lifetime of the Eu3+ ion, X-Ray Photoelectrons Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-Ray absorption (XANES). The TG/DSC analysis showed that the SrWO4:Eu3+ powders were obtained at about 800 oC, being confirmed by XRD, assigned as the scheelite phase of the tetragonal type. The MR and IR spectra indicated only one tetrahedron [WO4] type, and ordering at short distance. The EDSX and XPS analysis indicated the SrWO4:Eu3+ materials are essentially formed by the Sr, W, O and Eu elements presenting, respectively, 2+, 6+, 2- e 3+ as oxidation number. These results were also confirmed by XANES, showing the Eu ion presents 3+ as main oxidation number. The study of the photoluminescent properties showed the electric-dipole 5D0→7F2 transition in the emission spectra is dominant, indicating the Eu3+ ion is positioned in a site without inversion center. The ratios of the 5D0→7F2/5D0→7F1 bands showed the Eu3+ ions are located in a low symmetry environment. The results of emission quantum efficiencies (η) and lifetime (τ) showed a kind of dependence of the temperature effect, time of heat treatment, and variation of the Eu3+ in the SrWO4 framework, indicating the processing conditions at 800 oC and 8 hours are the ideal ones to the obtention of these materials. The sample presenting 2% of Eu3+ showed the higher relative intensity having as well as higher lifetime and emission quantum efficiencies related to the other samples.