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Capitalismo tardio e educação profissional : as escolas agrotécnicas federais mineiras de Barbacena, Rio Pomba e Uberlândia (1940-1970)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-14) Coutinho, Ednaldo Gonçalves; Ferreira Junior, Amarilio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0739472266207885
This research aimed at salvaging the history of creation of three school institutions from Minas Gerais State (Brazil), as far as history, capitalism and education are concerned, focusing on the Professional Education, mainly for the Agricultural Teaching: Uberlândia Campus, belonging to the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Triângulo Mineiro (previously named Uberlândia Agricultural School and Federal Agrotechnical School of Uberlândia) and Rio Pomba Campus (previously named Rio Pomba Agricultural School, Agricultural Gymnasium of Rio Pomba and Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Pomba) and the one of Barbacena (once named Barbacena Agricultural school, Agricultural School of Barbacena and Agrotechnical Federal School of Barbacena), which belong to the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Southest of Minas Gerais. Its objectives were the following: a) understand what motivated the creation of these institutions in the countryside of Minas Gerais State, in terms of education policies and its relations to the national economy aimed at the agricultural sector; b) understand if the pedagogical practices of the Agricultural School were in accordance with the desired aim , considering its foundation, and if they were in consonance with the laws; c) investigate if the formation of the Agricultural or Farming Technician, offered by these institutions, has been in accordance with the Agricultural modernization during the researched period and if this formation was accomplished in and to this modernization desired by the Federal Government; d) analyze its curricular structures and verify if they were all identical; e) evaluate which social class it was aimed at. In order to carry out this investigation, a sinuous methodological way was used to comprehend a bibliographic review of the most adequate themes to the research and the analysis of oral, iconographic and written sources. As theoretical support, we can highlight the contributions of Magalhães (2004), Faria Filho (2003), Werle (2004), Fonseca (1961a; 1961b), Cunha (1979a; 1979b; 1983; 1984; 2000a; 2000b; 2000c; 2001), Ianni (1996), Prado Júnior (1967), Ramos (1995), Romanelli (1998), which are already considered acknowledged studies by the Brazilian traditional, technical and professional education, mainly, in the context of its public policies and the critical appreciation of the composition of this chain of institutions in the national scenario. In their historic trajectory, the searched schools experienced a series of transformations which, in the superficiality of the legal texts, were conducted for administrative reasons, but which, under a hermeneutic point of view, were deliberated transformations to meet economic issues. The acknowledgement that the economy and the political interests determined the routes of Education in Brazil, becomes even more obvious when, in the modernization context, the School-Farm System was implanted, according to which pedagogical practice and the production in economical conditions are confused and direct the formation of the technician to act as an agent of modernization. The used sources (public and institutional archives, local newspapers, Town-hall minutes, pictures, bibliographical mapping, etc) enabled the analyzes and the comprehension of the facts and educational discussions in national and regional levels and permitted to confront them with those described by the specialized literature to the Brazilian reality. Finally, the thesis establishes a dialog with historic and theoretical bases and also search for interrelations with Brazilian Education issues, mainly, the ones which refer to Agricultural teaching.
Reconhecimento do talento em alunos com perdas auditivas do ensino básico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-14) Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo; Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769
The thematic of talent is accepted among the special educational needs (SEN) since the 70 s when it was at the Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional for the first time. This group of students hasn t received appropriated educational answers to their SEN that have been confirmed by the low dates from the school census. On the other hand, the disabled students are put with more emphasis in the special educational services at the common schools and special educational institutions. The students who present two SEN - disabilities or syndromes - can receive the services in the multiple disabilities. The students with twice special educational needs (TSEN), talent and hearing loses, aren t recognized by their abilities. The recognition of TSEN talent and hearing loses -, specifically at common schools, get a hard way in the inclusion process for the disabled students. This process involves others professionals as Libras interpreters, and specialists who works in the special rooms . This study aims to recognize the students with talent and hearing loses included at common schools. For this, the study was Exploratory and Case Study. Fifty-two (52) students took part of the study from both genders, and various grades of hearing lose enrolled in the junior high school and high school. Two schools were selected in the public system: School A (13 students enrolled in the state public school in the countryside of São Paulo); School B (29 students enrolled in the municipal system) located in the metropolitan area of São Paulo). The obtained results were: 1) Two (2) students were indicated at the School A, and 2) Four (4) students were indicated at the School B. For this, it s wished the results are traces for future studies to refine the gifted and talented students indications with hearing loses or others SEN. Also the indicated students don t get in the statistic dates only to increase them but the students receive educational services to develop their potentials.
Citogenética comparativa em espécies de Hypostomus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Hypostominae). Contribuição da fração repetitiva do genoma para a diversidade cromossômica do grupo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-14) Traldi, Josiane Baccarin; Moreira Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7195727455140933
Hypostomus is the widest genus of the armored catfishes in South America. This group presents a great diversity in color pattern and morphology, and shows not conservative chromosomal features. Different classes of repetitive DNAs have distinct evolutionary dynamics in the genome of eukaryotes. Therefore, analyses and distribution of these sequences in chromosomes may provide important data about karyotype evolution and diversification. Given the large chromosomal variability of species of the genus Hypostomus, coupled with the valuable role of repetitive DNAs to elucidate evolutionary questions, this study aimed at contributing to the knowledge of the karyotype evolution of the genus Hypostomus, trying to understand the role of repetitive DNAs in this scenario. Classical cytogenetic analyses of Hypostomus ancistroides, Hypostomus iheringii, Hypostomus nigromaculatus e Hypostomus tapijara show that the diploid number, karyotype formula, heterochromatic distribution and location of ribosomic DNAs are widely variable in this group. In H. iheringii, it was identified a hetechromatic polymorphism, which is possibly related to the process of heterochromatinization. The present chromosomic characterization of H. iheringii and H. tapijara comprise the first cytogenetic studies in these species, which indicates the existence of a great unexplored diversity in this genus. In Hypostomus, few data concerning the location and characterization of repetitive sequences are available. The fluorescence in situ hybridization with rDNAs 18S and 5S probes showed different results for the four species, occurring simple, multiple and syntenic markings. The sites of (TTAGGG)n were restricted to the terminal portion of the arms of all chromosomes in H. ancistroides, H. nigromaculatus and H. tapijara, which corroborates the evolution pattern based on centric fissions proposed to Hypostomus. However, in H. iheringii, it was evidenced ITS sites (Interstitial Telomeric Site) on a chromosome pair, suggesting the presence of other chromosomal rearrangements in the evolution of the group, in addition to centric fissions. The sequence (GATA)n, the largest component of the Bkm satellite DNA, and the retrotransposons Rex1, vi Rex3 and Rex6 showed a dispersed pattern in all species, indicating the possible relationship of these sequences with the great diversity of Hypostomus karyotype.
Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica em Filamento de Tungstênio (WCAES) : potencialidades e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-14) Santos, Luana Novaes; Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9662009187785837
This thesis describes the analytical application of WCAES for the determination of Ca, Al, Cs, Sr and Cr in samples with different compositions. In all studies the observation zone of the detector related to the coil was critically evaluated. In the first study, Ca was determined in mineral water, coconut water and juice samples. It was necessary the dilution of the coconut water and juice samples with an oxidizing mixture composed by HNO3 and H2O2 in order to perform in situ digestion of the samples. The results obtained by WCAES were compared with those obtained by ICP OES and no significant difference was observed. The same mixture was used in a second study where WCAES was evaluated for the determination of Al in tea infusion and iced tea samples. The heating program composed by drying, pyrolysis and atomization steps was optimized. The Al concentrations determined by WCAES were compared with those obtained by ICP OES and no difference was observed. In the third study, a portable WCAES was employed in the determination of Cs and Sr in fish samples. The fish samples were homogenized using enzymatic digestion promoted by papain. The oxidizing mixture was also added in the slurries of fish samples in order to promote the decomposition of the organic concomitants. The limits of detection were comparable to conventional methods, such as ICP-MS for example. Finally, the effect of cobalt in the determination of Cr by WCAES was evaluated. A high concentration of this element caused a significant increase in the emission signals of Cr. The presence of cobalt also allowed the application of higher temperatures during the pyrolysis step. Then, cobalt acts as chemical modifier improving figures of merit for Cr determination using WCAES.
Mecanização e intensificação do trabalho no corte de cana do CAI canavieiro do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-14) Reis, Leonardo Ferreira; Alves, Francisco José da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1541437196308921
Assuming that the work is the central category in the production process, the relationship between the recent modernization, in special in the harvesting activities, and the manual harvesting work intensification were studied in the Sugarcane Agroindustrial Complex of São Paulo State. The work intensification, which involves high energy expenditure by the workers, is produced by a strong degradation of their life and work quality, in special as a result of the meritocracy system adopted for their payment, once it takes into account the sugar cane harvesting production per worker. The modernization of the Brazilian agriculture, that started in the 60`s, heavily influenced the manual work intensification. At that time, the Brazilian organization model encouraged an aggressive concentration of land and capital, and tried to suppress most of the social workers movements in rural areas. In the 90 s, the sugar and alcohol sectors presented a sharp increase, mainly due to the broad plan for implementing the use of biofuels, specially produced from sugarcane. A new process of modernization started in 2007, when an agri-environment protocol was signed up between sugar cane mills owners and the State of Sao Paulo government. Seeking to reduce the environmental and social liabilities of this sector, this protocol prescribes the end, by 2014, of the pre-harvesting sugarcane burning in areas where harvesting could be mechanized. The present study includes information from three sugarcane mills and from interviews with actors of the Agroindustrial Sugarcane Complex of São Paulo State to evaluate the consequences of sugarcane harvesting mechanization on manual harvesting labor intensification. Taking into account the harvesting costs, it was obtained a value of R$6.24/ton by using manual harvesting and R$3.41/ton to R$5.33/ton when harvesting was mechanized, taking into account 860 and 550 ton/day of harvested sugarcane. ..These results indicate a great economic advantage of the mechanized over the manual harvesting. Therefore, it was observed that mechanization did not attain the goals proposed by the agri-environment protocol. The sugarcane manual harvesting is still widely used to support the mechanization harvesting , which include areas of high slope and low machine accessability. Higher productivity areas are mechanized to obtain higher benefit/cost, leaving those of low productivity for manual harvesting. The comparison of the historical series data of the manual harvesting productivity between 2007/2008 and 2011/2012 indicates that sugarcane harvesting mechanization is responsible for the increase of labor work intensification, This increase in work intensification 10 is a consequence of the effort to attain about the same wage as before harvesting mechanization was implemented.