Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2012-11-19"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Municipalidades na governança das águas: hierarquias e interdependências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-19) Lima, Márcio Junior Teixeira de; Martins, Rodrigo Constante; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6617183095074852; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4648445409049021
This dissertation addresses the forms of acting of local government in water governance, presenting the case of the Basin Committee Tietê-Jacaré, located in the central region of São Paulo State. The river basin committees are decentralized bodies that aim to discuss and decide the ways in which water resources should be managed at the local level. The new form of governance of water includes several local stakeholders involved in its use, as sectors of civil society and municipalities in the region of the basin. Through a sociological perspective, the main objective is to understand the dynamics of representation and participation of stakeholders within the Basin Committee, focusing on municipal governments. The Committee is understood here as an expression of social space where different agents are present with different social positions and try to impose their world view for all who are present. Therefore, it is important to consider the construction of hierarchies and relations of interdependence involving the main groups active in this space.
Avaliação do potencial bacterívoro de três espécies de cladocera de ocorrência tropical e subtropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-19) Hayashi, Luciana Hitomi; Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0120277643475516
Cladocerans occupy an important position in freshwater food webs, acting like a bacteria consumer; being relatively non-selective filter feeders they can exert a strong impact on reducing microbial population. This study aimed to analyze the microbial community structure and evaluate the grazing potential in different life stages of three species of cladoceran socurring in tropical and subtropical climate (Ceriodaphnia silvestrii, Ceriodaphnia cornuta and Daphnia gessneri), using a microscopic study of their filter structures and quantifying the grazing rates, the latter experiments were performed in vitro and in situ using fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB). The in situ experiments were performed in a predominantly mesotrophic subtropical environment (Lobo-Broa Reservoir, Brazil) on two sampling points with different trophic degrees.In parallel, physical, chemical and biological water variables were also evaluated. The bacterial densities and biomass were similar to those found in freshwater environments. For the morphotypes, there was a dominance of coccobacilli and cocci (78.5% of total). In thein vitro experiments, the lowest values found for individual ingestion rates (IIR) and removal (RR) were respectively 1,1 x 105 Bact.ind -1 h-1 and 0,1 mL.ind -1 h-1 in primiparous C. silvestrii, and the highest values were, respectively, 4,4 x 105 Bact.ind -1 h-1 e 0,4 mL.ind-1 h-1, observed in adult D. gessneri. Neonate sof all species showed relatively high ingestionand removal rates. During the in situ experiments, C.silvestrii, had the highest individual ingestion rates (IIR) 27, 7 x 104 bact ind-1 h-1. In populational terms, the studied daphnids distinguished themselves by consuming large amounts of bacteria in the rainy season. The daphnids grazing for this environment may have contributed to induce changes in the structure of bacterial communities, such as increasing the size and amount of bacterial filaments. Therefore, we noted that the bottom-up control had greater importance during the dry season and the top-down control larges timportance in the rainy season; the availability of resources and predationare also importantin the regulation of bacterial abundancein the Lobo reservoir. The studied species showed a sufficiently narrow mesh network to retain bacteria, the largest average distance between setulaewas found in primiparous C.cornuta (0.39μm), and the smallest in neonate D.gessneri (0.11μm). Although the three species have thinmeshes, the changes in its meshes occur differently for each species.
Abordagens de otimização para transporte, armazenagem, esmagamento e refino em empresas do complexo agroindustrial da soja no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-19) Amaral, Mônica do; Souza, Maurício Cardoso de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2834522198832797; Morabito Neto, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1741790762582568
Soybean is one of the most important Brazilian agricultural products and its complex - composed by grain, meal and by crude and refined oils - yields about $ 30 billion only in exports annually. Approximately 40% of soybeans harvested is exported, while the remaining 60% go through industries. After processing the soy grain, meal and crude oil are obtained, and crude oil can be further refined. These products can be domestically consumed or exported. This thesis propose optimization approaches based on network flow models to represent, at the operational level, decisions on intermodal transport, processing and storage along the chain. And, at the strategic level, we propose facility location models based on mixed integer programming to support investment decisions in intermodal terminals, in processing and refining facilities, besides in warehouses. To better represent this supply chain, which is a large scale system, it is also developed a highly sparse network structure, making the models more tractable computationally. In this study, the focus is on the decision-making process of companies in this sector, rather than aimming to support government decisions in the soybean chain, as in previous studies in the literature. Typical problems of companies are specialized only in the export of soybeans and also companies operating throughout the agribusiness chain of soybean and its byproducts. This assumption deals with a natural subdivision of the network flow models in problems oriented by single product, as in the case of the first companies, and by multiproducts in the case of other enterprises. Verification tests were conducted using secondary data and realistic scenarios to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approaches. For computational effort tests, instances were randomly generated. Tests conducted in an optimization software compares the computational performance of these models in different tests of control parameters, including the use of relaxations. Additionally, some mathematical programming based heuristics were proposed and tested - relax-and-fix and fix-and-optimize - for two location models of intermodal terminals, warehouses, refineries and overwhelming, comparing the results obtained with exact and approximate approaches.
Redução de dimensionalidade usando agrupamento e discretização ponderada para a recuperação de imagens por conteúdo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-19) Pirolla, Francisco Rocha; Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9675322602859451
This work proposes two new techniques of feature vector pre-processing to improve CBIR and image classification systems: a method of feature transformation based on the k-means clustering approach (Feature Transformation based on K-means - FTK) and a method of Weighted Feature Discretization - WFD. The FTK method employs the clustering principle of k-means to compact the feature vector space. The WFD method performs a weighted feature discretization, privileging the most important feature ranges to distinguish images. The proposed methods were employed to pre-process the feature vector in CBIR and in classification approaches, comparing the results with the pre-processing performed by PCA (a well known feature transformation method) and the original feature vector: FTK produced a reduction in the feature vector size with an improving in the query precision and a improvement in the classification accuracy; WFD improved the query precision up to and a improvement in the classification accuracy; the combination of WFD and FTK improved also the query precision and a improvement in the classification accuracy. These are very important results, especially when compared with PCA results, which leads to a minor reduction in the feature vector size, a minor increase in the query precision and a minor increase in the classification accuracy. Also the proposed approaches have linear computational cost where PCA has a cubic computational cost. The results indicate that the proposed approaches are well-suited to perform image feature vector pre-processing improving the overall quality of CBIR and classification systems.