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Contribuição da experiência percepto-motora para o desempenho de habilidades manuais em lactentes, crianças e jovens com incapacidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-17) Campos, Ana Carolina de; Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5292093208120940
Voluntary manual actions over objects emerge during the first half year of infants lives. These actions evolve from an exploratory characteristic to functional manipulative use of objects and its development is mediated by the limbs motor skill, by the experience in the task, and by the object properties. Research in the field has suggested that the perceptual-motor experiences arising from manual actions change the infants interactions with the world and impact their motor, perceptual and cognitive development. The first study of this manuscript is a literature review aimed at gathering information on the role of risk factors for developmental delay in the performance of exploratory actions over objects, and on the theoretical and methodological aspects underlying the assessment of these actions. The results from Study 1 showed that different risk conditions affect infants performance in particular ways. Few studies have investigated the early development of exploratory actions in infants at risk and taken into account the remarkable changes in motor skill seen in the period of emergence of reaching. Therefore, in Study 2 the development of exploratory actions was assessed in 16 typically-developing (TD) infants and 9 infants with Down syndrome (DS) at the age of reaching onset and the two subsequent months, considering the infants group and the object properties of size and rigidity. The results showed that infants with DS reach for and explore objects less frequently than TD infants, especially the small objects. Infants from both groups changed the amount of reaches with the experience in grasping, but only TD infants changed the amount of exploration in the same period. Pre-grasping actions were different for each object, but less efficient in generating action-relevant information in the DS group. These infants also performed fewer behaviors that required greater motor skill. To obtain a longitudinal view of the development of manual actions, 13 of the same participants were reassessed at the age 2 years, and the results are presented in Study 3. This study showed that children with DS at that age have difficulties in manipulating objects, especially in performing anticipatory adjustments to small objects and sequential strategies required to manipulate objects with complex shapes. The child s group was predictive of the fine motor and cognitive performance assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infants and Toddler Development Third edition, in that children with DS had inferior performance compared to the TD group. The ability to grasp objects in the period after reaching onset was predictive of the performance in the fitting task in both groups. This result shows the contribution of perceptual-motor experience in early developmental stages to the performance of manual actions later in life. Finally, in Study 4 it was assessed the hand function in 11 individuals with hemidystonia and 9 healthy volunteers. Bilateral sensory and motor deficits were found in the hemidystonia group, and these deficits were correlated with the hand impairment level. Taken together, the results show that manual skills emerge and are modified by the individuals perceptual-motor experiences and that reduced experiences may impact the functional performance of people with disabilities throughout the development.
História e memória na contramão da expansão canavieira : um estudo das formas de resistência dos sitiantes do extremo noroeste paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-17) Melo, Beatriz Medeiros de; Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1917141765879918
Imbuidos de una perspectiva analítica que se centró en la perspectiva de los procesos, que apenas puede explicarse desde el transcurrir historico, y en los sujetos que experimentan tales procesos por medio de la experiencia y la estructura de los sentimientos, buscamos analizar la resistencia de los rancheros del extremo noroeste paulista al investidura más reciente de la expansión del monocultivo de caña de azúcar para la industria. Realizamos esta intención por medio de un estudio comparativo de las familias de los ganaderos ubicados en diferentes partes del territorio de la microregión de Jales: uno donde predomina la pequeña agricultura familiar y diversificada y uno en el que se amplía con más fuerza el monocultivo de la caña de azúcar. Hemos observado expresarse la resistencia en los más diversos campos de la existencia (la economía, la cultura, la política), y también se tienen en cuenta las relaciones endógenas y exógenas que contribuyen a este proceso. El instrumento metodológico privilegiado es la metodología de la historia oral y la realización de entrevistas, material que está enriquecido por el tratamiento de los datos secundarios del IBGE, por análisis del proceso de transmisión de compra y venta de algunas propiedades pequeñas, la genealogía de la familia de uno de los rancheros, y el tratamiento de fotografías producidas y recogidas. El análisis comparativo realizado nos ofreció fértiles descubrimientos. En el camino del análisis, remitimonos, por un lado, al objeto en contra se dirige la resistencia, que es los diversos modos por medio de los cuales los agentes del capital (intermediarios, industrias de insumos, usinas de caña de azúcar) emprenden estrategias de extracción de ingresos y desarticulación de la organización de la unidad económica y social campesina. Por otro lado, ofrecemos varias ilustraciones de cómo los ganaderos resisten a este tipo de iniciativas. Ponemos énfasis en los senderos de resistencia a través de las luchas históricas y en el peso del pasado en las elecciones actuales, que se desarrollan en una variedad de prácticas y estrategias, que incluyen: la diversificación de la producción, de la comercialización y de los ingresos; la acumulación de conocimiento a través de las generaciones; la resistencia de algunos ganaderos para seguir viviendo y produciendo en el campo; el trabajo agrícola incesante realizado por los hombres, pero también por las mujeres, jóvenes y ancianos; la búsqueda de formas de comercialización directa; la reorganización de las organizaciones colectivas de apoyo a la producción y a la comercialización; el fortalecimiento de redes de confianza construidas entre los vecinos, los parientes y los mercados, que surgen como una forma de protección. También juegan un papel clave las manifestaciones indirectas y sutiles de resistencia, como los rumores puestos en circulación en contra la actuación de la Usina, las sospechas sobre el mercado y sus agentes. Estos eventos crean un "atmosfera" desfavorable para aquellos que condena. A través de diversas expresiones de la cultura (el ocio, las fiestas, los asados de la bolsita , las reuniones familiares que ocurren en las pequeñas propiedades) también se vuelve más fuerte, además de la migración rural-urbana, una sociabilidad y una experiencia con el espacio que expresan un sentimiento de ruralidad (un término inspirado en la idea del sentimiento de localidad). Este sentimiento, junto a las expresiones más objetivas de resistencia percibidas en la región, constituyen una trama social y espacial predominantemente rural.
Simulação do efeito de palhada e adubação nitrogenada na produtividade de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-17) Costa, Leandro Garcia da; Assad, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379324550884468; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2213226580008298
The increasing demand for alternative energy sources for replacing fossil fuels has attracted investments for Brazilian sugarcane industry, which has been widely reconized as a model of renewable energy producer. To ensure financial security is necessary that production of sugarcane provide the socioeconomic and agri-enviromental needs, with emphasis on the relationship between the production of electricity from the burning of biomass and ethanol by new ways of obtaining such as cellulose hydrolysis and the maintenance of sugarcane trash under the soil. Process based crop models based, such as APSIM (Agricultural Productions Systems Simulator), are useful tools for planing the production system and to identify the bottlenecks influencing the profitability of the sector. The objective was to model the growth and productivity of green and burnt sugarcane harvesting systems, under several nitrogen fertilizer levels (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1). The study was based on two experiments located in Piracicaba-SP and Salinas-MG caried on with cultivar SP80-1842. The evaluation of the model showed that the APSIM-Sugarcane is able to drescribe adequately the growth and productivity of cane sugar production in these environments, once the modeling eficiency (E) was greater than 0.9 for stlak dry mass (MS). Simulations also showed that the amount of trash on the soil would affect the crop yield and the remotion of trash for using in the mills would ultimately decrease the sugarcane yield along the time. However, in these simulations, the crop did not respond to nitrogen fertilization.
O mito e a mídia: a imagem da ciência na revista Ciência Hoje das Crianças (2009-2010)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-17) Sousa, Raquel Juliana Prado Leite de; Hayashi, Carlos Roberto Massao; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9136586124586219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2656143420387058
This research analyses the scientific divulgation from children made by the Ciência Hoje das Crianças magazine, publication of Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência, in order to verify which science image is broadcasted by this publication, having a base of theoric framework in the field o f Science, Technology and Society (STS) and methodological conception of Content Analyses with qualitative approach. The aim of this research is to make an exploratory analysis of all the 2009 and 2010 editions in order to verify the presence or absence of scientific neutrality in the building the science image. It was used the categorization for collection by defining the categories of analyses a posteriori. The analyses which demonstrate the presence or absences of neutral scientific were raised, a) salvationism, b) superiority of techonocratical decision model, c) determinism, d) scientific controversial, e) research methodology, f) non-scientific knowledge (traditional, cultural, pop). It was realized that the univocal visions of science are predominant, the traditional knowledge appears in rare exceptions and the research results possesses the value of truth and superiority in favor of social wellbeing and technocracy. The research methodology inserts the notion that science is an observation process in constant construction; meanwhile there is absence of scientific controversies, except the fixed sections, it was verified that only 3.9% of the articles were signed by the editorial staff of the magazine; one of the articles appears unsigned. The authors of those reports and articles are generally from the states of Rio de Janeiro (41.04%), São Paulo (15.60%) and Minas Gerais (8.67%), which represents 65.31% of the total. The majority of quoted affiliations institutions are localized in the states of Rio de Janeiro (40.28%), São Paulo (15.64%) and Minas Gerais (10.20%). The most quoted institutions were Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (12.04%), Universidade de São Paulo (12.04%), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (11.44%), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (11.44%), Universidade Brasília (4.81%) and Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (3.61%), which reveals that although the magazine is made for a notional range society, researchers and groups from Rio de Janeiro have the authorship predominance. Starting from hegemony of the Gramsci conception which the predominant class, or part of it, imposes her vision of the world promoting a cultural and ideological unification, we question which scientific culture has being disseminated in that publication, especially if you consider that Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência is a national range entity, which represents scientists from all Brazilian territory.
A pequena frase "a esperança venceu o medo" na imprensa cotidiana brasileira : uma leitura discursiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-12-17) Souza, Marilena Inácio de; Baronas, Roberto Leiser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289693953261899
It is not from today that we live with the discursive spread of small phrases . Since immemorial times, phrases have been separated from their contexts or co-texts and given into circulation singly, as if they were statements above and outside the common texts be they literary, religious, political, scientific or philosophical. In our western society, the phenomenon always occurred, but maybe it has intensified the contemporary world. Media is perhaps the main vehicle and, therefore, the most efficient manager: headlines, eyes , phrases of the week, article titles, main calls, etc. Present trend is fragmentation, of short discourses, due to the fastness with which the facts are given into narrative. The small phrases is, in fact, a communicational practice that newspapers, sites, social networks manage when they publish statements in highlighted condition in their pages. Discursive proliferation of the statement Hope overcame fear taken, here, as analysis object is an example of what we are talking about. Its constant circulation through different fields leads us to interpret it as a pandemic statement, a kind of statement that exceeds even the limits of panaforization (a term that combines pan , of pandemic, and aphorization), occurrences of this statement exceeds the limits of time and space (they keep alive and moves at full speed in media enunciative detachments ten years after its eruption/media explosion in the speech of the elected candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva-PT in 2002). It is, in this case of a statement which discursive status resemble that of a proverb that goes from media support to media support, lasting through times. Throughout thesis, anchored in the discussions proposed by Dominique Maingueneau (2006, 2007, 2010a, 2010b), we show that statement in study infiltrates in newspapers headlines, in article titles, in Youtube video titles, in main calls for forums and debates etc, making raise all species tensions in media. Without the attempt to define all the meanings that different occurrences of the statement Hope overcame fear circulates, because in each manifestation, the meanings are historicized of a different manner, this doctoral research assumes a dual task: in one hand, it tries to account particular data of a non-topic route unity, on the other hand, seeks to describe and analyze linguistic-discursive functioning of the constants detachments of the referred statement in the media Brazilian context. Recent works developed by Maingueneau, specially, those resulting of his research program Aphorizating enunciation that will be the theoretical and methodological support in this work. We believe that the calibration of the conceptual tools mentioned in distinct data frequented by Dominique Maingueneau can illuminate paths for the explanation and comprehension of the linguistic-discursive functioning, not only of the statement Hope overcame fear , but of a whole set of statements, whose main characteristics stems from the fact that they are quotable , memorable , detachable , not only for a brief period, but for a relatively long time with a unique ability of mean different events without cling to none. The analysis that we propose, from a very specific corpus can, thus, gives even more consistence to the Aphorizating Enunciation, which is really new in the franco-brazilian space. We believe that our research can also add to a interpretation of recent history of Brazilian politics. However, an interpretation that does not departs from huge happenings, but of the discursive production of historical events through small phrases .