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Nanocompósito de acetato de celulose reforçado com whiskers extraídos da macrófita Typha domingensis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-19) César, Natália Reigota; Botaro, Vagner Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066; Pasquini, Daniel; Waldman, Walter Ruggeri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
Composite is a material composed mainly of two phases, the matrix which is continuous and surrounds the other phase, which is called the dispersed phase or stage reinforcement. Nanocomposites are obtained by incorporating reinforcing agent in nanosize in matrices of various origins. The properties of these materials depend on the whiskers, the polymer matrix and the interaction at the interface. Interest in cellulose nanocrystals has grown due to exceptional mechanical characteristics of these materials, the environmental benefits and the low cost. The greatest difficulty in producing them is due to the lack of compatibility with polymer matrices, because the matrices typically exhibit hydrophobic character as opposed to the hydrophilic character of the whiskers, with low interaction in the region of the interface material properties are negatively affected . Among the existing polymer matrix is cellulose acetate polymer which is a cellulose derivative. For the use of whiskers in a matrix of ethyl cellulose, a change in the nanocrystal surface of cellulose using Dianidrido benzofenona tetracarboxílico ou 3,3 ,4,4 (BTDA) was performed. The main objective of this work was to prepare and characterize nanocomposites consisting of cellulose acetate reinforced with whiskers (with and without chemical modification of the surface). It was possible to characterize chemical, thermal and morphologically fibers (young and senescent) of crude and bleached macrophyte Typha domingensis, like whiskers that were extracted from the central parts (young and senescent) of this macrophyte, and it was also possible to characterize acetate films cellulose (mother) and nanocomposites reinforced with whiskers (with and without surface modification). Of all the films prepared, this project allowed select the best property that had mechanics that the nanocomposite was 1.1% - whiskers (senescent) with surface modification and ultrasound, its tensile strength showed an improvement of 66.26% compared to cellulose acetate film.
Hospital psiquiátrico: o risco biológico para a equipe de enfermagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-19) Piai-de-Morais, Thaís Helena; Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0770211021000654
The nursing staff performs procedures, which often involve the handling of sharpened material, which offers risk of exposure to biological material. The frequency of these procedures in psychiatric hospitals has not been quantified, nor the risks that professionals are exposed. To avoid accidents, the adoption of Standard Precautions (SP) is necessary. The Hand Hygiene (HH) is an important strategy for prevention and control of Infections Related to Health Care (IRHC). This was an exploratory and crosssectional study, quantitative in nature, with the purpose of identifying the biological risk situations that nursing professionals in care are exposed are subject, performed in a psychiatric hospital of the interior of state of São Paulo, Brazil. We observed 830 nursing procedures, wich 40.6% offer moderate to high risk of biological exposure. The quantitative of biological high-risk procedures was not significant, however, the unexpected situations that arise during the care of these patients, intensify this exposure. Became evident an accident with sharpened material and various situations and behaviors that exposes professional to the risk, for example, the improper handling and disposal of sharpened material and non-adherence to the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The HH was below recommended, with an adhesion rate of 0.96%. In some situations was observed low compliance with good practices of prevention and control of IRHC, especially the indiscriminate and inappropriate use of gloves. Was noticed that the adhesion to SP was strongly influenced by individual, labor and organizational factors. Significant difference was observed between the professions of nursing and nursing assistant, and the latter showed low levels of training and low perceived availability of PPE, contributing negatively to adherence to preventive action. It was evident that the support offered by the institution to the professionals did not improve the adoption of the SP, making the organizational factors one of most relevant. It is necessary that institutions provide safe working conditions and continued training to nursing staff, contributing to the advance in the control of IRHC and in adherence to standard precautions. It was concluded that the professional nursing staff are exposed to biological risk and that this research was the first nationally and internationally on this topic in a psychiatric institution. The fact that the results portray the reality of this hospital can be considered a limitation of this study, however contributed to the expansion of knowledge about biological risk, control of IRHC and adherence to SP in psychiatric hospitals. Thus, it is expected to encourage further research in other institutions and mental health services that might contribute to achieving safer assistance for professionals and care for patients with psychiatric disorders.
A participação do conhecimento científico na formulação de políticas públicas: o caso do ICLEI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-19) Ribeiro, Maria Luísa Nozawa; Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1395901563560036
In this study I expose the theoretical research that is my dissertation, in which I analyze the process of participation of the scientific community in the Environmental Policy and the role of a network of transnational cooperation, ICLEI, within that process. Modern society has emphasized the need for development, in a search for an ideal society increasingly structured, advanced, economically prepared, democratic, politically consolidated and ecologically less vulnerable. This context has intensified since the advent of globalization, which provided an increasingly intense dissemination of ideas, political models, beliefs, ideologies and knowledge. It provided communication between very distant societies and has led to a spread of environmental impacts, which do not respect geographical boundaries, economic, cultural and social. This development model, pursued mainly by underdeveloped or developing countries, is now being questioned by scientists who have shown negative consequences increasingly prominent. And before these risks of modernity, the academic community and the lay community have spent defending a need for state intervention in the process of facing the environmental problems. Thus, public policies have gained prominence, legitimacy and importance. However, still inserted in extractive development model, intensive, industrial, capitalist, these policies do not have the strength that potentially would have, and my interest in this context arises. The communication among scientists, decision makers and laymen appears fragile and presents a need to intensify these relationships by understanding the role each plays, and the links established in practice. In public policy development through this context, it shows necessarily a contribution from the public sphere, science and decision makers, each with its powers, defending their individual and group interests in this complex decision-making process, generating solutions more effective, democratic and sustainable. The prospect of Environmental Science is referenced in this work because of it s importance during the process of solidification of environmental discussions. Thus, I make a brief exposition of this construction and opinions about what was and is being built, seeking to contextualize the participation of science both in legitimizing environmental issues and participating in practical policy-making. It is through ICLEI who I seek a deeper understanding about the functioning of the construction of public policies, the materials used, the goals set, and principally the actors involved. Seeking to analyze the participation of the scientific community, the analysis part from a group that develops and applies public policy, to understand how this process occurs and compare it with the perspectives of other groups involved in the same goal.
Participação do sistema histaminérgico neural na recuperação funcional de Meriones unguiculatus após lesão isquêmica unilateral encefálica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-19) Garção, Diogo Costa; Mattioli, Rosana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8860280866778460
The aim of the first study was to investigate behavioural alterations and Fos expression in gerbils submitted to functional training after unilateral cerebral ischaemic injury. The behavioural procedures that were used to test functional recovery were the vibrissal stimulation test and the pellet-collecting task. Twenty-four hours after surgery, the animals were submitted to the experimental procedure, which lasted three weeks. The animals were distributed into four subgroups: sham lesion, sham lesion and trained, ischaemic injury and ischaemic injury and trained. The motor cortex, hippocampus and dorsal striatum were subjected to immunohistochemistry reaction for Fos expression, and the mean number of cells in each region was calculated. Behavioural data were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test (p ≤ 0.05), and the morphological data were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance, both followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p ≤ 0.05). The animals in the injury group presented significantly lower averages in the pellet-collecting task and higher percentages of error in the vibrissal stimulation test when compared to animals in the sham lesion group, indicating that the lesion impaired motor performance in both tests. After training, the trained groups showed a significant increase in the pellet-collecting task compared to untrained groups, demonstrating that functional training improves task performance in sham and injured animals. A significant increase in the activation of neurons in the motor cortex and hippocampus of the injury and trained group was observed when compared to the injured group. Functional training increased the motor performance of the trained animals, independently of lesion, in the pellet-collecting task and caused increased neuronal activation in the motor cortex and hippocampus in the injury animals. Moreover, the presented method is useful for the evaluation of motor performance in gerbils. The objective of the second study was to investigate the effects of the histamine precursor L-Histidine and the H1-receptor antagonist Pyrilamine on the functional recovery of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) following a unilateral ischemic brain injury. Two experiments were conducted under the same experimental procedures to test the effects of two pharmacological treatments in experiment I, L-Histidine doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg and in experiment II, Pyrilamine was administered at doses of 35 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg. Both experiments were accompanied by control groups for the drug (saline), the lesion (sham lesion) and training on the pelletcollecting task (untrained). The behavioural tests that were used to test functional recovery were the vibrissal stimulation test and the pellet-collecting task. The Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05), the Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (p<0.05) and a Bonferroni correction (p<0.025) were used for statistical analysis. It was established that a unilateral cerebral ischemic injury impairs motor performance and that training on the pellet-collecting task improves performance independently of the lesion. L-Histidine impaired functional recovery when administered in combination with motor training, while Pyrilamine in combination with training potentiated functional recovery. With respect to the vibrissal stimulation test, the injured animals that received training in combination with L-Histidine showed a memory recall deficit; however, Pyrilamine had the opposite effect in animals that were injured and trained. These results suggest that the neural histaminergic system participates in the process of functional recovery of gerbils following a unilateral ischemic brain injury.
Postura na infância prevalência de variações posturais e fatores associados avaliação de um programa de exercícios randomizado controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-19) Batistão, Mariana Vieira; Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456494998257229; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3249665880363249
Postural variations are common in childhood / adolescence and are corrected spontaneously. When maintained can cause overload. The objective of the first study was to evaluate the prevalence of postural variations in children / adolescents and to identify factors that explain these variations among age, gender, manual preference, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity, through multiple logistic regression analysis. 288 students were evaluated through postural observation. They were 59.4% female, mean age 10.6 (2.4) years, body mass 38.6 (12.7) kg and height 1.5 (0.1) m. Results show high prevalence of postural changes and their association with factors: age (forward head posture, shoulders and iliac crests asymmetry winged scapula), sex (winged scapula), BMI (forward head, iliac crest asymmetry, valgus knees and winged scapula) and not perform physical activity (valgus knees). Among the factors evaluated, obesity is a modifiable factor. Therefore, its association with the changes must be explored to facilitate the planning of preventive measures and more effective treatment. So, the objectives of the second study were to describe the prevalence of overweight in adolescents and identify differences in posture, (evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively) and the reporting of musculoskeletal pain (assessed by an adaptation of the Nordic Questionnaire) among normal weight and overweight in a large sample of students. 420 students were evaluated, 60% female, with mean age 11.1 (2.3) years, height 1.5 (0.1) m. body mass 44.5 (14.1) kg. Findings indicate that the prevalence of overweight was 36.2%. There was a higher prevalence of thoracic kyphosis, lumbar hyperlordosis and valgus knees with overweight students. There was no association between the presence of pain and weight excess. In childhood and adolescence, the posture lies in the development process. Therefore, any functional change to poor posture will reflect negatively in the future. So, the objective of the third study was to evaluate the effects of an exercise program of stretching and strengthening exercises in relation to posture, mobility of the spine and musculoskeletal pain in primary school children. Qualitative and quantitative postural evaluation of the trunk, pain and spine mobility (Whistance method) were collected before and after the intervention. The subjects were randomly assigned to groups. The exercise program was applied in groups, at school, twice weekly for eight weeks, for 50 minutes. The analysis included 78 subjects in the intervention group and 93 in the control, with mean age 11.6 (1.7) years, 1.5 (0.1) meters of height, 46.3 (14.1) kg of mass. It was also comprised of 67.3% female. The control group showed greater worsening percentage than intervention group to the posture of the shoulders. For the pain, the intervention group showed greater improvement percentage. These results show that the exercise program as described is effective in pain and posture of the shoulders. For other variables, adjustments in the duration of the program and individualized care may be recommended.
O atendimento educacional especializado em sala de recursos multifuncionais em um município do interior paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-19) Malheiro, Cicera Aparecida Lima; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9594089174735076
Among the set of actions instituted by the federal government is the Program Implementation Meeting Resources Multifunction (PI-MRM) that aims to support the public school systems in the organization and delivery of the Educational Service Specialist (ESS) to target students in special education (SSE). Through the PI-MRM were distributing resource materials, furniture and equipment, computer systems and networks for education. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze how the guidelines of PIMRM has been translated by a municipal school system in the interior, from the organization and delivery of ESS, under three aspects: service, training and evaluation. The design based on collaborative research involved the development of a training process and investigative next twenty-five special education teachers (SET) who worked in MRM and three SET that comprised the management team of inclusive education, in a town in state of São Paulo. To operate this process, we used a systematic collaboration with the participants through four procedural steps: First Step - Characterization of the Implementation of MRM, Second Step - Survey of the descriptions of the three axes that guide this research (service, training and evaluation), Third Step - Development of training topics defendants; Fourth Step - Clash of the content and directions of Reconstruction. Os resultados indicaram que no sistema municipal participante da pesquisa: a matrícula do aluno PAEE em sala comum foi respaldada pelo apoio do AEE em SRM e foi ampliada continuamente; no decorrer da implantação do AEE em SRM, houve diferentes níveis de traduções, que foram realizados pelas PEE, junto aos demais profissionais da educação, e que resultaram na implantação do PI-SRM de forma diferenciada em cada realidade escolar. The results indicated that the municipal research participant: the enrollment of the student common room in SEE was supported by ESS in support of MRM and was expanded continuously, during the implementation of the ESS in MRM, there were different levels of translations, which were performed by SET, together with other education professionals, and which resulted in the deployment of PI-MRM differently in each school reality. The seizure of the translations of the policy with regard to PI-MRM resulted in obtaining information that showed that the translations occurred at different levels (municipal, teachers, schools) specifically when taking as parameter the propositions of PI-MRM. It was found that the documents and legal advisors comprising the municipal policy, to provide a basis despite the higher laws of the country, not contemplated in its legal apparatus PI-MRM guidelines. It was evident that the conduct of the training was also conducted for the SET. However, each has a distinct need SET, given the demands of their work and the realities of professional development that meet.
Deposição e caracterizações óptica e morfológica de filmes finos de TIOX depositados por sputtering R.F.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-02-19) Abreu, Caio Palumbo de; Cruz, Tersio Guilherme de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0705292304279277; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0568253027050841; Ferrarini, Cleyton Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6048395588990624
This work studied ultrathin films of titanium oxide were deposited on two substrates, such as pure Si (100) and glass corning 7059, by using r.f. magnetron sputtering with different oxygen flows and maintaining another parameters constant. For the purpose of this work, while keeping all parameters constant, varying only the oxygen flow (reactive gas), it was expected to identify the flow of transition between films of substoichiometric TiOx and TiO2 films, and analyze whether there forming nanostructured TiO2 films because the literature shows that variation of control parameters important characteristics of the nanoparticles as medium sized fraction of coverage of the substrate crystal structure and stoichiometry. The chemistries of the ultrathin films were analyzed through technique of Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), the surface morphology by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), the crystallinity by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the optical properties by UV-vis Spectroscopy. Were deposited ultrathin films with substoichiometric compositions for depositions with 0.10% O2 and 0.35% O2. For depositions between 0.67% O2 and 6.00% O2, films were obtained with concentrations of [O]/[Ti] of about 1.9, near the chemical composition of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Films with concentrations close to the TiO2 showed amorphous, but with characteristics of formation of anatase phase. The optical properties presented optical gap values between 3.33 eV and 3,78 eV and had no significant variation, as calculated by E03, E04 and ETauc methods. The roughness of the films decreased proportionally with increasing oxygen flow in the depositions.