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Desenho institucional, poliarquia decisória e formulação da política de mudanças climáticas no Brasil: estudo de caso da comissão interministerial de mudança global do clima
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25) Rodrigues, Diego de Freitas; Vargas, Marcelo Coutinho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4648723371446148
It has been observed that the same governance model was configurated in the brazilian climate change policy, characterizing by this policy to the responsible institutions three factors in comon: (1) institutional diversity, (2) cooperation e (3) political competition. Trough a Case Study, it was attempted to focus, as an unity of analisys, on the Interministerial Comission on Global Climate Change (CIMMGC in portuguese) to observe in what measure the bigger institutional diversity, characterized by the elevated inclusiveness of political actors and the accountability reinforcement in the political decision making process, promoted more cooperation and less political competition among the political actors involved in CIMMGC. In this scenery, the research question was: In the contexto of a diverse institutional composition and of it s political decision making process rules (supported by the unanimity rule), why, by observing the political decision making processo f the CIMMGC, wasn t possible to point a decision making paralisys or an institutional immobility in it s acitivities? The Hypothesis was that the institutional drawing of the CIMMGC worked as a political vector of dynamism through the decision making rules developed during the institutionalization of brazilian climate change policy. Were applied in this study, specially, two integrated data collection strategies: (1) query and analisys of institutional reports issued specially by the CIMMGC, but also issued by other institutional organisms vinculated to the governance of brazilian climate change policy and (2) interviews in depth and semi-structured with policy makers directly involved with national climate change policy and specially allocated in the CIMMGC. The results pointed that a bigger political inclusiveness in the decision making process of the brazilian climate change policy incurred in no absence of democratic governance. In the case of the CIMMGC, the brazilian climate change policy consensual model reinforced the accountability mechanisms in the political process without losing the institutional dynamism and the decision making capability in the political goals granted to the institution by the Climate Change National Policy and Plan.
Impacto da reabilitação cardiorrespiratória precoce e da CPAP no pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25) Pantoni, Camila Bianca Falasco; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0244296301167548
The thesis consisted of two studies described below. The study I, entitled: " Shortterm exercise-based program promotes better recovery of linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery- a prospective clinical trial. aimed to investigate changes in heart rate variability (HRV) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with and without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the behavior of the cardiac autonomic nervous system (cANS) in patients submitted to the different techniques and to an inpatient rehabilitation program in the postoperative period. The cANS was evaluated by HRV indices in patients undergoing surgery with (n = 30) and without CPB (n = 14) and was obtained in the preoperative period, on the first day of postoperative period (1oPO) and on pre-discharge day. Both groups showed HRV reduction after surgery. The rehabilitation program promoted improvement of linear and nonlinear HRV indices at pre-discharge day for both groups, compared to the 1oPO. However, patients undergoing off-pump surgery presented higher HRV indices in the pre-discharge day, with better recovery of cANS function. Our data suggest that inpatient rehabilitation program applied to patients undergoing CABG without CPB promoted greater cANS adaptations, compared to patients undergoing other operative technique. The second study, also conducted in patients undergoing CABG, was entitled "Impact of physical exercise associated to CPAP application after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery- a randomized controlled trial." aimed to evaluate the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on exercise tolerance, breathing pattern (BP), dyspnea sensation and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the first day of ambulation in post-CABG. Twenty-seven patients were randomized to the control group-CG (ambulation in spontaneous breathing) (n = 14) or to CPAP group-CPG (ambulation associated to CPAP between 10-12 cmH2O) (n = 13). The outcomes included BP variables, assessed by respiratory inductive plethysmography (Lifeshirt system), exercise tolerance limit, dyspnea sensation and SpO2. The CPG showed greater exercise tolerance, better thoracoabdominal coordination during rest and exercise, higher SpO2 values at the end of ambulation and less dyspnea sensation compared to CG. Thus, we conclude that CPAP was able to positively impact the BP and exercise capacity of patients in post-CABG. These results may provide a feasible and effective approach for early rehabilitation.
Novos enquadramentos culturais na relação estado e mercado entre 2003 e 2012: um estudo de caso dos arcabouços culturais, normativos e financeiros das PPP Belo Monte e Jirau no PAC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25) Silva, Márcio Rogério; Grün, Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6859176963189141
The research aims to present the new cultural framework in relationship of state and market of leaders in governments understood groups between 2003 and 2012, where this framework is understood as moral content in the background of monetary policy, limitations imposed by the current financial and cultural search for legitimacy of the multiple interests of civil society through convergence of elites based Grun (2005) and stretching circuit legitimation. Another important point of the study is to point the government as an articulator of public and private interests with considerable control via economic capital. With support of economic sociology and finance, based on the definitions of Svedberg (2009), first analyzes is the economic phenomena, which are presented as the government exerts control in the institutions that define the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in the Accelerated Growth Plan (PAC) , with emphasis on hydroelectric plants analyzed (Belo Monte and Jirau) by through their financial institutions and companies. The government makes use of monetary policy, with tax cuts and financing via Treasury, to finance productive capital and infrastructure in the PAC, with relevant shareholdings via Eletrobras and pension funds Petros, Previ and FUNCEF, indicating moral teachings in the use of money in terms of Neiburg (2010). Are analyzed economically conditioned phenomena. Based on Simmel (1998), the formation of economic life influences the psychic and cultural situation of a time and receives on the other hand the great currents of homogeneous historical life (Taylorism, finance and democratization process of the country), with values that spread through society. To understand the origins of the social justification of use of finance as a tool for social inclusion through the market, we found evidence discursive norms on capital and generation of employment and income, the federal government and specifically the institutions of the eletric sector, and in the consortia Northern Energy and Enersus. Finally it was shown how society influences economic phenomena, with considerations on the convergence of elites based Grun (2005) and stretching circuits legitimacy, and new strategies by the opponents of the current development policy, highlighting the PLATAFORMA BNDES.
Efeitos preventivos do exercício resistido na expressão de proteínas envolvidas na atrofia muscular em ratos tratados com dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25) Macedo, Anderson Geremias; Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1742243414991502
Dexamethasone (Dexa) has been widely used as anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic treatment, however, its chronic use provokes peripheral insulin resistance, hypertension, weight loss and muscle atrophy. Low intensity aerobic training has been indicated for prevention and treatment of diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome, however, its effects on muscle atrophy are still uncertain. Muscle atrophy may be determined by an imbalance between atrophic (FOXO3a, atrogin-1, Murf-1) and hypertrophic (AKT, mTOR) proteins, but almost nothing is known about the effects of Dexa on these proteins. Resistance training (RT) has been recommended for treatment of pathologies which involves muscle atrophy, however little is known about the effects of low intensity RT on the muscle atrophy induced by Dexa. This study investigated whether low intensity RT, performed before and concomitant with Dexa treatment could prevent and / or attenuate muscle atrophy induced by Dexa. Also, it examined the role of proteins that control muscle homeostasis in this response. Forty-eight rats were allocated into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary and treated with Dexa (SD), trained control (TC) and trained and treated with Dexa (TD). After an adaptation period, the rats underwent to an resistance exercise protocol (ladder,60% maximal loading, 5 days / week, 70 days) or kept sedentary. During the last 10 days, the rats were treated with Dexa (0.5 mg / kg of bodyweight per day, i.p.). Fasting glycemia was measured before and after exercise training and treatment periods. Bodyweight (BW) was measured weekly before treatment and daily during drug treatment. The tibialis anterior (TA), flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and soleus muscles were removed and homogenized. Protein production of AKT, mTOR, FOXO3a, atrogin-1 and Murf-1 was analyzed in the muscles. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc were used (p<0.05). Dexa treatment increased glycemia by 46%, reduced BW by 19% and food intake by 45% in sedentary animals. The RT, that was effective to increase physical capacity of the rats (+118%) prevented the increase in glycemia, but did not avoid the BW reduction. Dexa provoked TA muscle atrophy (-21%), which was determined by reduction of AKT (-29%) and increase of Murf-1 (+25%). RT attenuated the increased the Murf-1 protein production (-37%), however it did not avoid TA muscle atrophy. In the FHL, it was observed muscle atrophy (-28%) determined by reduction of AKT (-27%) and increase of Murf-1 (+55%). RT increased mTOR in TC (+36%) and TD (+72%) groups and also reduced atrogin-1 protein production in TD, which contributed to attenuate FHL muscle atrophy. Soleus muscle was not altered neither by training nor treatment. These data together suggest that low intensity RT was effective in attenuating FHL muscle atrophy due to a combination of increase in hypertrophic and decrease in atrophic protein production.
Uso da dinâmica de sistemas no processo de S & OP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25) Domingos, Jean Carlos; Politano, Paulo Rogério; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9985076462998501
Despite the process of S&OP (Sales and Operations Planning) is not a new practice in enterprises, especially those of large size, it still deficiency studies in their practices and computational tools support. This happens because it is a complex process where the majority of the representatives managerial of organizational functions participating in the execution, with each trying to contribute to define a coordinated plan of actions for a period of short, medium and long term. Computational models and tools focused to aid the process of S & OP are used and can contribute to improving the quality of its implementation and results. The most common tools are those based on spreadsheets, whose content is generated through the expertise of the decision makers, and more sophisticated techniques are based on techniques of the operational research inserted in Advanced Planning Systems (APS), whose analytical models seek to generate optimized plans. From the literature review on the computational techniques used to aid the S&OP process, was identified the lack of studies related to the use of System Dynamics. Additionally, the review indicates the need for studies related to the integration of economic and financial analysis during the preparation of aggregates plans and the use of probabilistic variables in the process enabling the statistical analysis in order to provide plans more realistic. Another relevant issue observed is that managers involved in the process S&OP does not always have a global vision of all variables and constraints involved in this process, so it is also observed that the techniques and tools used to implement the S&OP process does not provide a holistic view of activities and variables involved. Thus, the aim of this work is to develop a simulation model of System Dynamics which provides a holistic vision for the S&OP process, allowing the integration of finance processes and the use of probabilistic variables. The research method used was based on a qualitative and quantitative approach procedure with modeling / simulation. Thus, the aim of the research is to develop a simulation model of System Dynamics to assist the S & OP process. The research method used was based on a qualitative and quantitative approach with modeling / simulation procedure. The simulation model based on the methodology of system dynamics for the S & OP process was developed and analyzed in illustrative cases, performed in two companies with feature make to stock (MTS). Simulations of illustrative cases were conducted by a design of experiment (DOE) to select and evaluate a set of scenarios, determining the best scenario and checking the adequacy with practice of companies. A evaluation of the use and results of simulations in both cases shows that the system dynamics model improves the understanding of the managements on all activities involved in the S&OP process, as well provides a holistic view of all areas involved. The simulations provides compatible plans compared with business practice, with the advantage of dealing with economic and financial analysis simultaneously and allow the generation of numerous scenarios of S&OP plans.
Estudos sobre síntese de novos fotossensibilizadores a partir de produtos naturais porfirinóides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-03-25) Santos, Luna Schlittler dos; Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8717210222975249
In this work, we studied the structural transformation of methylpheophorbide a (2), a derivative of chlorophyll a (1) that was extracted from seaweed Spirulina maxima. The main propose of the study was to obtain compounds with low aggregation and appropriate photophysical characteristics for applications in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). In this way, we prompted to transform chlorin type derivatives into the corresponding bacteriochlorins using cycloaddition reaction approaches. The use of chlorophyll a (1) was mainly motivated by its availability and low cost. In addition, this compound has been a focus of study in our research group. Therefore, it was initially developed a method of extracting/processing chlorophyll a which directly provided compound 2 (Scheme 1). In this process we used an extraction/transesterification one-pot method using an acid solution of methanol and chlorin 2 was obtained in 0.8% yield from dried seaweed. Compound 3 was obtained from 2 (77%) and then hydrogenated to give 4 (80%). The chlorophyll derivative 4 was used as starting material in order to prepare the desired bacteriochlorin via cycloaddition methodology (Scheme 2). Scheme 1. Functionalization reactions of chlorophyll a. i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi) extracting/processing one-pot reaction of compound 2 from the seaweed Spirulina maxima dehydrated in the presence of MeOH/H2SO4 5% (v/v) for 24h 0.8% . vii) MeONa / MeOH, r.t., 8h, 77%; viii) H2, 1 atm, Pd/C, 80%. Several azomethine and nitrile oxide dipoles were tested in the 1,3- dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Nevertheless, none of the studied conditions provided the desired cycloaddition adduct (bacteriochlorin). In some cases, decarboxylation by-products or total/partial substrate 4 degradation was observed. Scheme 2. Synthesis of new bacteriochlorins. An alternative method for the synthesis of bacteriochlorins using a cycloaddition approach was designed starting from the vinyl-chlorin 13 and Nphenylmaleimide (15) (Scheme 3). The synthesis of compound 13 was accomplished starting from compound 4 by dihydroxylation reaction with OsO4 (67%) followed by double dehydration in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (30%). The most promising results from cycloaddition reaction were obtained with 13 and 15 with yields around 47% (75:25 ratio of diastereoisomers determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy). Scheme 3. Synthesis of new bacteriochlorins. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, infra-red and mass spectrometry. Some preliminary photophysical studies, such as photobleaching, were also conducted in order to qualify bacteriochlorin compound 14 as a potential photosensitizer. Moreover, aggregation studies by UV-vis were performed, which confirmed the low aggregation of the obtained bacteriochlorins.