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Hortifrutícolas orgânicos e agroecologia: conceituação e distribuição comercial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-01) Gaspari, Felipe Campagna de; Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7017799384172517
This study sought to conceptually discuss organic farming, as part of agroecological science, and to assess its relationship with the current situation of supply of organic fruits and vegetables in different distribution channels in the city of Campinas-SP. The variables considered were price, form of product presentation, variety, packaging types, local production and certification. A comparison was performed with others grocers called "sanitized", "pre-washed", "selected" or "conventional" in this study were grouped under the name of "nonorganic". Ten points of sale was observed, eight hypermarkets, a Organic Fair and a Grocer Street Fair, typical of Brazil. All points are located within a radius of five kilometers from the city center. It was found that, despite the large growth of this market in Brazil, there is still a major bottleneck related to the presentation of products, the understanding of the organic concept, and accessibility to this product by consumers.
Função simbólica em pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: requisitos comportamentais para a formação de classes de equivalência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-01) Varella, André Augusto Borges; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8928084949164132
Individuals with autism present language impairments and different degrees of difficulty in discriminative learning. From the standpoint of language as symbolic behavior, language impairments could be related to individuals discriminative repertoires, which may not support rapid acquisition of arbitrary relations and equivalence class formation. The objective of the present work is to investigate possible relations between discriminative repertoires and equivalence class formation in individuals with autism. The first chapter consists in a review of empirical studies about the ABLA test, used to assess the ease or difficulty in learning tasks that require the establishment of different types of discriminations. The chapters 2 and 3 presents two empirical studies, which investigated the role of discriminative repertoires and the relations between the types of discriminations taught and tested (intra-modal and cross-modal) on equivalence class formation. In Study 1, AA, BB and CC identity relations, with class-specific compound consequences (tangible + auditory stimulus) were taught to three autistic participants who failed the ABLA predictive tasks of arbitrary conditional discriminations, and to four participants who passed the predictive tasks. Tests were conducted to assess AB, BA, AC, CA, BC and CB relations. Evidence of equivalence class formation was obtained for one of three individuals who failed the predictive tasks and for three of four individuals who passed the ABLA tasks. In the Study 2, AB and CD visual relations with class-specific compound consequences (tangible + auditory stimulus) were taught to four participants. The visual-visual relations BA, DC, AC, CA, AD, DA, BC, CB, BD and DB and auditory-visual relations SA, SB, SC and SD were tested. All participants showed emergence of all auditory-visual relations and only one participant did not show the emergence of all visual-visual relations. The results suggest an important role of discriminative repertoires on equivalence class formation and demonstrate that auditory-visual relations (cross-modal) can emerge after teaching visual-visual conditional discriminations (intra-modal), if auditory stimuli are employed as class-specific consequences. The implications of these results for teaching symbolic repertoires and its requisites to individuals with autism are discussed.
Sensibilidade de variedades de feijão (Phaseolus vugaris L.) ao alumínio em solução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07) Cunha, Ana Cláudia da; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; Silva, Luiz Carlos Ferreira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231290000649038; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9776530970118256
One of the main causes of losses in agricultural productivity is due to the high concentrations of aluminum (Al) in the soil solution, characteristic of acidic weathered soils in the humid tropical zone. Al affects the morphology and physiology of the root system, limiting the deepening of roots in the soil and the absorption of water and nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Al (0,0; 1,5; 3,0 mg L-¹) on the root development of common bean, Formoso, Alvorada, Harmonia, and Diplomata varieties, by evaluating morphological changes in the roots of the seedlings, visible by optical microscopy, and the rate of root elongation. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions, in a completely randomized design, with three replications. The results of root growth rate (mm day-1) were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test (p<0.05). The increase in the concentration of Al in solution caused a decrease in the rate of root elongation (mm day-1) in the four common bean varieties. Seedlings of the Harmonia variety were more tolerant to the presence of Al regarding to root elongation rate. The 4-day period of exposure of roots to Al caused visible morphological damage only in the Formoso variety. The critical concentration of Al in solution, from which there was a decrease in the rate of root elongation, was 1.5 mg L-¹ of Al. Root biometry indicated the following sequence of common bean varieties in terms of tolerance to Al in solution: Harmonia > Formoso = Alvorada = Diplomata.
Diagnóstico e estratégia para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável sob a ótica da agroecologia para o município de Cordeirópolis/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-01) Cassiano, Fábio Luiz; Beskow, Paulo Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9391679895577465
This study sought through an analysis based on an agroecological basis, to study the rural surroundings of the city of Cordeirópolis in the State of São Paulo with an investigation that adopted the participatory methodology of collective construction of matrices, discussions with focus groups, individual interviews and field observations. The analysis of the local reality and the identification of critical points had the goal to drawing up proposals for public policies that allow the overcoming of the problems. Were also adopted elements of the method Marco de Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Sustentabilidad (MESMIS) , while consolidated procedure for the study and diagnosis of agroecosystems, method that aims to assess the sustainability of agroecosystems. Center in a participative manner and through the use of indicators. The search results show a great environmental degradation by the lack of native vegetation that exposed the soils, low availability of water resources, as well as the intensive use of pesticides. In addition the search found an unstable economic situation faced by the local family farming and lack of technical assistance and rural extension to guide the production. It was concluded that despite the existing public policies already with sustainability principles, the family farmers with the lack of guidance and incentives are going in the other direction, leading to destruction and scarcity of natural resources. Demonstrating that must be strengthened agroecological practices toward the achievement of a more sustainable rural development.
Tolerância de porta enxertos cítricos ao alumínio em solução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07) Sbrissa, Mirella; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
One of the main causes of losses in agricultural productivity is due to the high concentrations of aluminum (Al) in the soil solution, characteristic of acidic weathered soils in the humid tropical zone. Al affects the morphology and physiology of the root system, limiting the deepening of roots in the soil and the absorption of water and nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Al (0; 7.5 mg L-1; 15 mg L-1; 22.5 mg L-1 and 30 mg L-1) on the root development of varieties of citrus rootstock Tangerine Sunki (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), Citrumelo Swingle (Citrus paradisi Macf. X Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) and Limoeiro Cravo (Citrus limonia Osbeck), through the evaluation of morphological changes in the roots of the seedlings visible by optical microscopy, the accumulation of dry biomass and the rate of root elongation. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions, in a completely randomized design, with six replications. The results of root growth rate (mm day-1) were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test (p<0.05). The increase in the concentration of Al in solution caused a decrease in the rate of root elongation (mm day-1) of the three rootstocks. The Limoeiro Cravo seedlings were less sensitive to the presence of Al regarding to biomass accumulation. The presence of Al did not affect the accumulation of biomass in the stem of Citrumelo Swingle seedlings, but reduced the accumulation of root biomass in the Tangerine Sunki seedlings. The 30-day period of exposure of roots to Al was not enough to promote visible morphological changes. The critical concentration of Al in solution, from which there was a decrease in the accumulation of biomass and in the rate of root elongation, was 15 mg L-1 of Al. The root biometry indicated the following sequence of rootstocks tolerancy to Al in solution: Citrumelo Swingle = Limoeiro Cravo > Mandarin Sunki.