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Biotransformação do pesticida metil paration por fungos isolados da ascídia Didemnum ligulum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29) Rodrigues, Gisele Nunes; Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8207347439182301
Pesticides are potentially toxic compounds to humans and other living beings, which are indispensable for pests removal in agriculture worldwide. The result of their overuse is the inevitable contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The need for degradation of these compounds has been subject of several studies. The enzymatic biodegradation of synthetic pesticides by microorganisms is an important strategy for removing these pollutants from the environment. Marine fungi are an excellent source of highly oxygenated bioactive compounds with huge potential to biotransform xenobiotics such as pesticides. Thus, the objective of this project was to study the biotransformation of the organophosphate pesticide methyl parathion using fungi of marine origin isolated from the ascidian Didemnum ligulum. Initially, 17 fungi strains have undergone screening on agar culture medium containing different pesticide concentrations (120 mg/L, 240 mg/L and 360 mg/L), and the three strains that showed the greatest growth diameter of the colony, were subjected to culture in a liquid medium to quantify the possible degradation of the methyl parathion. For these strains, the eficiency of degradation was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methyl parathion was almost completely degraded in 20 days, but there was no significant difference between the reactions with the fungi strains and the abiotic control. The microorganisms, however, showed ability to metabolize p-nitrophenol, the main degradation product of methyl parathion. In conclusion, these three marine fungi, identified as two strains of Penicillium citrinum and one strain of Fusarium proliferatum, have proven to be important sources to study xenobiotic biotransformation.
Efeitos da configuração urbana na acidentalidade envolvendo pedestres em cidades de porte médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29) Carmo, Cássio Leandro do; Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0723555258294687
This work aims to analyze the urban pedestrian crashes and their correlation with the urban form in the cities of São Carlos and São José do Rio Preto. Accidents are characterized, through graphs and tables, according to the occurrence at intersections or along the streets, vehicles involved and severity of injury, day of week, time, gender and age of victims. Accidents georeferencing is done through Geographic Information System, using the software TransCAD. The urban road configuration of the cities and the correlation with the accidents are verified through the Theory of Space Syntax, determining their properties with Depthmap, a spatial analysis software. Although these cities present good levels of social development, they reflect the poor national performance in terms of road safety of pedestrians. The data evince that in recent years the number of pedestrian-crashes has at least stabilized, despite the large increase of the vehicle fleet. Regarding the configuration of the structure of urban road network and the location of accidents, the analysis according to the Space Syntax indicates that most accidents occur on roads which are more connected, with more global or local integration, and occupied by commercial or service activities. However, there are not necessarily accidents in streets or avenues with significant syntactic indexes, which demonstrates a restriction of analysis using solely the Syntax. Verification of correlation with the urban form through the Theory of Space Syntax suggests that local integration is a good parameter approach, especially in the initial planning of road safety, but still dependent on other essential variables of Traffic Engineering and Urban Planning, such as geometric characteristics of the road and land use.
Parâmetros térmicos de solidificação, microestrutura e resistência mecânica de ligas eutéticas Sn-0,7%Cu-(xNi)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29) Silva, Bismarck Luiz; Spinelli, José Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4377238190630005
Sn-Pb traditional solder alloys were overly utilize in electronic devices industry, since their properties and features use were adequate and well known. In the last years many restrictions and directives were and have been designed with a view to minimize or eliminate the use of this metal in the electronic industry. Thereby, several lead-free solder alloys emerged. Among these alloys, eutectic Sn-0.7wt%Cu (TE=227°C) appears as potential candidate to replace eutectic Sn-37wt%Pb alloys, because present low cost when compared with the other lead-free solder alloys. Fatigue resistance and fluidity are quite similar compared with those obtained for the traditional Sn-Pb alloys. Small alloying additions of Ni in Sn-Cu eutectics between levels 20-1000ppm Ni can improve welding properties such as good fluidity, reliability, fine degree of wetting, ensuring suitable mechanical resistance of solder joint. Thus, the main goals of present study are investigate the influence of the Ni microadditions on solidification thermal parameters (transient interfacial heat transfer coefficient - hi), eutectic growth rate v and cooling rate - Ṫ), microstructure features (dendritic and cellular spacings, λ1 and λC) and tensile properties in directionally solidified Sn-0.7wt%Cu, Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.05wt%Ni e Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.1wt%Ni alloys under unsteady-state conditions against AISI steel carbon 1020 water-cooled bottom part. Measurements of hi coefficient showed that Ni microadditions (500 and 1000ppm of Ni) in the eutectic Sn-0.7wt%Cu affected significantly the fluidity levels. The microstructures obtained for the Sn-0,7wt%Cu-(xNi) alloys presented eutectic colonies/cells along the casting length, with dendritic regions only on first positions close to the bottom. Small Ni additions promoted increase on ultimate tensile strength (σu) and elongation (δ), with the Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.05wt%Ni alloy corresponding to the better combination of σu and δ, 36.6MPa and 12.1%, respectively.
Caminhos para o poder: a seleção de candidatos a Deputado Federal nas eleições de 2010
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-29) Bolognesi, Bruno; Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5103554000522280
The main purpose in this thesis is to analyse the candidate selection process for Federal Deputy in Brazil in the 2010 elections within four parties: DEM, PMDB, PSDB e PT. Heretofore, the study of candidate selection in our country have privileged the formal dimension of selection, like party´s statutes analysis or regional dinamics. In the other hand, except for some exceptions, the conclusions pointed out the impact of brazilian institutional design in candidate selection, undervaluing parties as autonomus units in the process. Therefore, from data about candidacy gathered at the Electoral Supreme Court and a survey applied to one hundred and twenty candidates, we tried to sketch the candidate selection process at the intra-party arena. The conclusions suggests that political parties are capable in divert from institucional incentives and choose candidates by different methods regarding the strenght and direction of the institutionalization. Hence, the different methods bring relevant consequences for the candidates profiles as well for the parties themselves.