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Influência da deposição de filmes finos organosilicones na fotodegradação do polipropileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-31)
Mena, Rodrigo Lemes
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
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Mancini, Sandro Donnini
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/5091149098462301
It is known that polypropylene is degraded in the presence of UV radiation, making difficult its use in applications where occurs this kind of radiation. This situation arises a need to improve the properties of polypropylene under photodegradation. Some work was done in order to improve the surface properties of the polypropylene film with deposition of organosilicon, but the photoprotection caused by these films is still poorly studied. The purpose of this study was to deposit a film prepared from organosilicon plasmas of HMDSO (Hexamethyldisiloxane) on the surface of polypropylene films and verify the protection provided against photodegradation. Depending on the plasma deposition conditions, we detected a variation in the protection exerted by the deposited film. Among the tests, the chemical vapor deposition on low pressure plasma by radio frequency of 13.56 MHz using a mixture of gases with pressure O2/HMDSO added 6 Pa and a power of 80 W for a period of 1 h showed the best protection results, measured by comparing the evolution of the area in the region with the carbonyl peak at 1722 cm-1. FEG-SEM analysis showed that the film generated have adhesion to the substrate. Profilometry analyzes demonstrated that increasing the deposition time increases the film thickness and decreases its surface roughness.
Avanços e desafios ambientais da Educação Ambiental brasileira entre a Rio 92 e a Rio+20
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-31)
Otero, Patrícia Bastos Godoy
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Neiman, Zysman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6435341856481082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028451153276262
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Rabinovici, Andrea
The thesis discusses the progress and challenges in the field of environmental education (EE) in Brazil, in the period between the two world conferences on Environment and Development organized by the United Nations (UN) and performed in Brazil, the Rio-92 and Rio +20, which happened in 1992 and 2012 respectively. The main objective was to analyze the evolution of the Brazilian Environmental Education in the period between the two great conferences, from the systematization of information of official documents, reports published by the media about the two events and interviews with environmental leaders, politicians and technicians who were in the events and are prominent actors in the field of Environmental Education of Brazil. Since 1992 there has been the emergence and consolidation of various social practices and public policies that favored the development of environmental education in Brazil. Environmental education has influenced the thought and life of Brazilians.
Validação do Questionnaire on Resources and Stress - Short Form (QRS-F)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-31)
Zanfelici, Tatiane Oliveira
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Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0269442842332108
Family members of people with disabilities may be exposed to various stressors, among them the disability itself, becoming potential targets of stress. In this context, several models have been designed for the study of stress, among which highlights the Cognitive Assessment and the ABC-X, which comprise the coping strategies as a way to mediate the perception of stressors. Researches conducted with several family members have pointed out that the constant stress can lead to more roughness family relationships, and fewer opportunities for stimulation of child development, which contribute to enhance family relationships with any child, including those with disabilities. For the evaluation of the parental stress variable, studies show the use of different instruments, including the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress - QRS-F which stand out for being directed especially to families of children with disabilities and chronic illnesses. Given the above, this study proposed two objectives: 1) the cross-cultural adaptation of the QRS-F, since the translations available in Brazil do not have this treatment, or definitely modified the structure of the questionnaire, 2) a study of the evidence of psychometric validity of the instrument . The first study involved five independent translators, five professionals on the thematic area of the instrument and seven relatives of people with autism. The questionnaire underwent procedures of translation and retranslation, as well translations adjustments, resulting in altered or partially altered. The evaluation of the expert committee regarding the relevance of the questions in the conceptual levels, language and experimental indicated substantial kappa at all levels of assessment, indicating that the translation was adequate for the pilot application. The second study involved 57 mothers, fathers, grandparents and sister of children with and without various disabilities. Their analyzes showed significant correlations with the measure of stress obtained by Symptom Inventory Lipp Stress and the instrument that assessed coping resources, the Coping Strategies Inventory, indicating associations with the dimensions of the QRS-F Parental Problems, Pessimism and Physical Incapacity . The reliability coefficient obtained by the proof of Kuder-Richardson pointed a ratio considered adequate (KR-20 = .64). The test criterion validity indicated higher scores related to the dimension of the QRS-F called Pessimism, when compared groups of respondents relatives of people with and without various disabilities. It was considered that this version of the QRS-F, now called Questionnaire of Resources and Stressors, possesses the attributes necessary to be considered a valid tool in research in the area of parental stress in Brazil. It is suggested to do a further study, covering a broader sample of respondents, which allow the realization of more sophisticated analyzes, but indispensable for the consolidation of this instrument.
Aprimorando o desempenho de algoritmos de roteamento em VANETs utilizando classificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-07-31)
Costa, Lourdes Patrícia Portugal Poma
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Marcondes, César Augusto Cavalheiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4431183539132719
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9158996149202223
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are networks capable of establishing communications between vehicles and road-side units. VANETs could be employed in data transmission applications. However, due to vehicle mobility, VANETs present intermittent connectivity, making message transmission a challenging task. Due to the lack of an end-to-end connectivity, messages are forwarded from vehicle to vehicle and stored when it is not possible to retransmit. Additionally, in order to improve delivery probability, messages are replicated and disseminated over the network. However, message replication may cause high network overhead and resource usage. As result, considerable research e_ort has been devoted to develop algorithms for speci_c scenarios: low, moderate and high connectivity. Nevertheless, algorithms projected for scenarios with a speci_c connectivity lack the ability to adapt to situations with zones presenting diferent node density. This lack of adaptation may negatively a_ect the performance in application such as data transmission in cities. This masters project proposes develops a method to automatically adapt message replication routing algorithms to diferent node density scenarios. The proposed method is composed of three phases. The first phase collects data from message retransmission events using a standard routing algorithms. The second phase consists in training a decision tree classifier based on the collected data. Finally, in the third phase the trained classifier is used to determine whether a message should be retransmitted or not based on the local node density. Therefore, the proposed method allows routing algorithms to query the trained classifier to decide if a message should be retransmitted. The proposed method was evaluated with real movement traces in order to improve Spray and Wait and Epidemic routing algorithms. Results indicate that the proposed method may contribute to performance enhancement.
Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas de Nb2O5 e estudo de suas propriedades fotocatalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-01)
Lopes, Osmando Ferreira
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9493281509128559
In this study, the use of niobium oxide nanoparticles (Nb2O5) prepared through the OPM method as photocatalysts for the degradation of pollutants was investigated, describing the dependence on hydrothermal parameters (temperature and time) in aspects such as morphology, structure, electronic properties, and how these factors influence the photocatalytic activity. The catalytic activity of the samples was probed by evaluating the photodegradation under UV and visible irradiation of a dye (Rhodamine B, Rod.B) and a pesticide, Atrazine. An indirect measurement of the hydroxil radicals produced in the catalyst s surface was done by fluorescence spectroscopy, in order to evaluate the importance of this mechanism in the degradation process. The results showed that the Nb2O5 nanoparticles prepared by the OPM method are promising for the catalysis of photoactivated reactions. Surface hydroxylation and crystallinity were shown as the most important parameters involved in the activity per area of the nanoparticles, where the surface hydroxylation was more influent in the samples obtained in low temperature, whereas crystallinity was the key parameter for the obtained in higher temperatures. Under ultraviolet irradiation, the main photodegradation mechanism was governed by the . OH radical generation and attack. On the other hand, the dye-sensitization mechanism was shown as the main path for the degradation of Rod.B under visible irradiation.
Transparência eletromagneticamente induzida em diferentes sistemas físicos e seu análogo em osciladores acoplados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-01)
Cabral, Luís Antônio
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2629141307724947
The simultaneously incidence of two light beams on one or more atoms causes destructive interference of these beams in atomic states causing cancellation of the absorption of one of the incident beams and this phenomenon is called Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). The main objective of this work is to show that the Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, which is usually studied in the quantum context, can be modeled classically as a function of coupled harmonic oscillators subject to an external force and dissipation. To will establish the classical equivalence, it will be presented the theory of the EIT in diferent quantum systems and also the theory of classic harmonic oscillators. Analogies will be performed comparing the classical and quantum equations of motion obtained for each scheme. For this, we perform the equivalence of EIT in quantum systems as atoms in three levels in Λ configuration, two-level atoms plus a cavity mode and the cavity optomechanics with the classical system of two coupled harmonics oscillator forced and damped. We also analyze the equivalence of two diferent quantum systems: three level atoms plus one cavity mode and four levels atoms in free space with a classical system composed by three coupled harmonic oscilators, forced and damped, in diferent configurations.
Influência das águas amazônicas no compromisso osmorrespiratório em osteoglossiformes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-01)
Ramos, Cleverson Agner
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9306613290256886
In the Amazon basin, the Osteoglossiforme order is represented by the species Osteoglossum ferreirai, O. bicirrhosum and Arapaima gigas. Although belonging to the same order, these species show different modes of breathing; while Osteoglossum ssp. is an obligatory water breather, A. gigas shows a gill remodeling during its development, which causes changes in the osmorespiratory compromise with implications for the gill functions which turns more related to the ion exchanges. The rivers of the Amazon basin have different physicochemical features. While the white water rivers (WW) are slightly alkaline and its waters are considered "soft", black water rivers (BW) are practically distilled" having an acidic pH. Such different characteristics between these waters leads to hypothesize that black water rivers can act as an hydrographic barrier, containing the spread of some species. This can be observed in the distribution of some amazonian fish since there are several species unique from black waters while other species are distributed in white and black waters as others only in white waters. In Osteoglossiformes, data from literature suggest O. bicirrhosum as a fish from white water, while A. gigas can be found in black water rivers as white water lakes. This study tested the hydrographic barrier hypothesis exposing the animals in the Amazonian waters and observing responses of ionic fluxes, proliferation of mitochondria rich cells (MRCs), responsible for regulating ion, the presence of mucous cells (MCs) and changes in morphology functional gills.In A. gigas 2000 g there is a fast recovery from ion losses so probably there is no influence of the hydrographic barrier for this specie. Comparing A. gigas and O. bicirrhosum, these fishes are able to ion regulation iin white water environments, mostly by the ion uptake showed in 3 hours. Data from immunohistochemistry for NKA enzyme of MRCs and morphometric data (CRMsFA and density) of these cell indicates that A. gigas 2000g have the gill functions related to ion regulation. About the ion regulation pattern and functional morphology there are similarities between O. bicirrhosum and 200g A. gigas however O. bicirrhosum did not showed the same potential to recovery ion losses as A. gigas.
Estudos qualitativos das transformações termodinâmicas ocorridas durante o processo pirometalúrgico de recuperação de Pb a partir de PbSO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-01)
Santin, Betânia de Oliveira
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D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0036756630569466
This study was carried out in order to gain a qualitative understanding of one of the fundamental processes of pyrometallurgical recovery of Pbfrom the inorganic scraps of lead-acid batteries by the reduction of PbSO4to lead and connected reactions. Within a program of experiments concerning solid-solid reactions and, at high temperatures, solid-liquid or, at times, reactions involving gases, the work described here was an initial qualitative attempt to reveal the possible reaction mechanisms of the reduction of PbSO4 to Pb and the related reactions that can occur taking into account the composition of the lead-acid battery inorganic scraps (Pb and its possible alloys, PbO2, PbO e PbSO4). Since the pyrometallurgical processes includes the addition of C, Fe in filings and, in some cases, powered Na2CO3, the study was centered on the various possible reactions between these components and those of the scraps, with an emphasis on the PbSO4component. For this purpose, the various pure products then binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures were successively studied, to obtain information by comparing the results. The techniques used were thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) in the range 200o C to 1200 o C (this last temperature is the highest attained in industrial pyrometallurgicall process). The results showed several undescribed phenomena. The PbO can evaporate at higher temperatures. The presence of C facilitates the lowering of the PbSO4 thermal decomposition temperature. It also diminishes considerably the rate of PbO evaporating by favoring decomposition of PbO to Pb as has been previously suggested in the literature, but until now without experimental confirmation. Finally, the results do not permit a definite conclusion about the roles of Fe or Na2CO3. This is may be because in this study it was not to perform sufficient analytical identification measurements. Nevertheless, from the results, it is clear that the Fe is oxidized to an oxide iron at low temperatures (near 400o C) and it is this oxide which participates in the reactions at higher temperatures. On the other hand, the Na2CO3 is melted and immediately decomposed at about 800- 850o C. Thus, it will be in this conclusion when it takes put in the process.
Efeito de diferentes solventes nas propriedades fotoluminescentes do CaMoO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-02)
Botelho, Gleice Lorena Gonçalves Tavares
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1653318126569015
The CaMoO4 has been extensively studied due to its luminescent emissions in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum at room temperature, presenting potential for technological applications including lasers, light emitting diodes and lamps. The solvent and the method utilized in the synthesis are important in the control of the obtained powders morphology. Therefore, in this master s thesis CaMoO4 samples were obtained by microwave-assisted solvothermal and coprecipitation method, using ethylene glycol and 1,3-propanediol as solvent. As experimental results, the X-ray diffraction patterns and Infrared and Raman-active vibration modes proved that all powders have a scheelita-type tetragonal structure. The Rietveld refinements suggested the existence of distortion both [MoO4] and [CaO8] clusters. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra indicated the presence of intermediary energy levels within the band gap, which are arising from structural defects in the materials. Field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images revealed the obtainment of nanoscale and agglomerated particles. When excited with 350 nm wavelength, all samples exhibited broadband photoluminescence emissions in the region of the blue and/or green of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Método de processamento digital de imagens para inferência da qualidade de materiais preparados com fibras vegetais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-02)
Miyamoto, Bruno Seiji
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Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4938115375645472
This Dissertation presents a method development based on image processing techniques, which enables the verification and quality analysis of organic fibers mixture in thermoplastic starch (TPS). In order to do this analysis, we implemented a Python programming language module, which is able to compute invariant moments of Hu and other statistical calculations to quantify homogeneity, we applied this calculations to a set of high resolution tomography images of materials resulting from the mixture of thermoplastic starch and fibers. TPS based compositions, have recently received much attention, from industry and academia, for being one of the most economical options to produce biodegradable plastics. Although promising, there are two major limitations to the use of TPS: their mechanical fragility and sensibility to water. A solution to this problem is to mix TPS with vegetable fibers materials, maintaining its biodegradability, thus offering greater mechanic and humidity resistance. Nowadays there are methods techniques and equipment used to check mechanical resistance, water absorption and crystallinity of biodegradable samples. However, there is a lack of methods used specifically for the measurement of organic fibers homogeneity distribution in TPS, therefore assisting the production quality verification of those samples. As a result of this work, we obtained a method which infers the manufacturing process quality of new biodegradable materials, produced from the mixture of vegetable fibers and TPS, based on the homogeneity and the roughness degree of the samples produced.
Nanocompósitos para a liberação controlada de compostos triazínicos aplicados como defensivos agrícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-02)
Giroto, Amanda Soares
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9177789234139161
This research proposed a preparation method for a nanocomposite, able to control the delivery of high quantities of an active compound, inserted on its matrix, in order to prospect an application for the controlled delivery of herbicides. To that, a nanocomposite system was prepared based on the exfoliation of a clay mineral in a continuous starch phase, loading around 50% weight of a model herbicide ametryne. The starch was loaded with 50 to 80% of montmorillonite, dispersed through the starch gelification at 90o C in water. The herbicide was added during the cooling process, at 70o C. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses, where the intercalation of the biopolymer in the clay lamellar structure was observed. The herbicide release showed that the releasing behavior was governed by the starch amount in the nanocomposite, for short periods, and by the clay, in longer periods. It was observed also a synergic effect between the nanocomposite constituents, since the reference materials (produced with starch: ametryne or clay: ametryne) did not showed adequate release behaviors. However, this behavior was shown as governed by physical barriers for the ametryne diffusion, since nuclear magnetic resonance in solid state experiments showed that the starch: ametryne interactions were weak. On the other hand, the starch: clay interactions were shown by the same technique, supporting the synergic behavior of the release. Finally, the nanocomposite system improved the resistance to the UV light attack, reducing the herbicide volatilization under irradiation. This effect was evaluated by mass loss experiments after different irradiation times, compared to infrared spectroscopy measurements.
Controle epigenético da expressão do gene CAST, relacionado à maciez de carne em bovinos de corte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-02)
Rocha, Marina Ibelli Pereira
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Niciura, Simone Cristina Méo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3269530126090378
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4073481479229781
The Meat tenderness, a trate of economic importance in animal production, is influenced by the intensity of the degradation of myofibrillar proteins in post-mortem. The μ-calpain is the main enzyme responsible for meat tenderness of skeletal muscle, and, conversely, the calpastatin, which is encoded by the CAST gene, acts as endogenous inhibitor of calpain and thus decreases the extent of proteolysis in skeletal muscle. Polymorphisms in CAST were associated with enzyme activity and shear force, indicating the great importance of the study of CAST gene regulation. It is known that the transcription of most genes is stably suppressed in most tissues and only remains active in their tissue of expression and in certain developmental stages, and that can be controlled by epigenetic events such as methylation of DNA cytosine that is identified by sequencing of bisulfite-treated DNA. The aim of this study was to evaluate if there was preferential expression, of tissue, genotype and stage of development for the CAST gene in liver, muscle and skin of fetuses and muscle and liver of homozygous and heterozygous adult cattle for the A> G exon 30/3'UTR polymorphism, evaluated by real-time PCR with SYBR ® fluorophore, and to verify if the differential expression is regulated by the methylation status of promoter region. Differential gene expression analyses were normalized to the reference gene RPS-9. When we analyzed the tissue-specific expression in fetuses, the CAST gene was 2 times more expressed in liver than in skin (p <0.05) and almost two times more expressed in liver than in muscle (p <0.05). It was also found that this gene was 1.83 x up regulated in adult muscle when compared to fetal muscle (p <0.05), showing differential expression in the developmental stage. Differences in expression between genotypes were also found, when comparing the homozygous genotype to the heterozygous genotype (used as calibrator). Fetal samples of muscle and skin of individuals with GG genotype presented higher expression (p <0.05) of CAST gene (2x and 1,74 x, respectively, compared to heterozygous) and muscle of animals with AA genotypes also presented higher expression (1.4x compared to AG). In adult animals, the gene was up regulated in liver and muscle of individuals with GG genotype (2x and 1.63x more than AG, respectively) and was less expressed in the liver of homozygote AA (0,32x less than AG) (p <0.05). The presence of a CpG island in the promoter region of the gene CAST was identified and the methylation status was studied after bisulfite treatment, cloning of the fragment and sequencing of clones. The CpG island was hypomethylated in different tissues: 0.63% of methylated CpG dinucleotides in fetal muscle, 0.43% in fetal liver and 0.61% in adult muscle. According to the different genotypes the island was methylated in 0.61%, 0 49%, 0.60% in animal with AA genotype, 0.81%, 0.35%, 0.34% in AG, 0.4%, 0.45% ,0.9% in GG in fetal muscle, fetal liver and adult muscle respectively. In our results we show that the CpG island is hypomethylated and can allow transcription of the gene but the methylation does not explain the differences in expression within tissues, developmental stage and genotypes of the CAST gene.
Características e mecanismos de desgaste dos refratários MgO-C usados na linha de escória de panelas de aço
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-02)
Leite, Frederico Concon
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6163613687453825
Steel ladles are special vessels used for liquid steel transportation from the primary refining stage up to its solidification one at the casting shop. The MgO-C bricks have been used for lining this equipment due to its high chemical resistance to steel slags and thermal shock. However, new procedures during refining stages have increased the attack of the refractory lining, especially in the slag line, where the corrosion and wearing processes are intense. This fact has significant implications in reducing the ladle availability, leading to the need of intermediary repairs, besides increasing production costs and affecting the operational safety. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the wear mechanisms of the steel ladle slag line by identifying the effects of some variables during the refractory production, placing and operation. In order to achieve that, the computational thermodynamics was widely used to understand the reactions and transformations that occur in complex systems, such as the interaction between refractory and slag. The software helped in evaluating the effect of raw materials, antioxidants additives and alternative materials (such as spinel) of new MgO-C ceramic compositions performance. The laboratory tests indicated the oxidation and corrosion as the main wearing mechanisms in MgOC refractory. In the first case, it was detected the importance to develop solutions for carbon protection, such as, applying a lining antioxidant coating for the first ladle heating. In addition, the slag conditioning efficiency to reduce the bricks corrosion rate was attested, due to the chemical potential decrease for dissolving the refractory constituents. Thus, this project has improved the knowledge of MgO-C behavior at high temperatures and also helped in the development of alternative solutions (focused in operational standards and formulations) to maximize the refractory performance.
Desenvolvimento de polímeros à base de glicerol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-05)
Dabove, Daniel Alberto Carbo
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Marconcini, José Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
Desenvolvendo os conceitos de perímetro e de área no ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-05)
Domingos, Valéria Salomon
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Paterlini, Roberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6240750958932738
This paper consists of a series of didactic activities aiming at making the teaching/ learning of the concept of perimeter and planimetry easier for sixth grade elementary students. Our objective is to provide students with an opportunity of meaningful learning of those concepts, as well as an introduction to the formulae for the resolution of geometry problems about perimeter and area. The activities are designed to allow the use of geoboard, EVA materials, as well as guidance which help the grasping of concepts and solution of geometry problems. Those activities were performed in two sixth grade classes from two public schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil. The results were analyzed using the students answers to the exercise. As an outcome, we managed to design a didactic learning tool, validated by this experiment, ready to be used directly or adapted by teachers in similar circumstances.
Jogos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em probabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-07)
Silva, Fabrício Menezes Netto da
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Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9048311574707992
This work has as a goal to stimulate good pedagogical practices aiming the best learning from students in Probability, through daily applications and/or games. Besides, it has as highlight a teaching sequence proposal inspired by TV Show ( O último passageiro) to analyze this subject, which it was developed through stimulations of game, debates, probability calculation and construction of graphics with students of 2nd and 3rd grade in High School at a public school Escola Estadual Professor Roque Ielo , Caconde-SP, aiming to transform theoretical approach of this knowledge into a constructivist approach stimulating the student to be the protagonist.
Criptografia e conteúdos de matemática no ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-07)
Rodrigues, Jaqueline de Moraes
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Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050
The central aim of this dissertation is to present the results of a teaching experience of using encryption for the study of functions in mathematics classes in elementary school, the result was checking improvements in conceptual understanding above. The experience in the classroom shows that students have great difficulty working the concept of functions. Various activities are presented based on cryptography to overcome the difficulties that students frequently bring in learning functions and related concepts.
Evolução cromossômica em Erythrinus erythrinus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae). Citogenética comparativa entre cariomorfos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-08)
Martins, Nícolas Fernandes
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Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2969192784846566
Erythrinidae is a relatively small Characiformes fish family, but widely distributed in the Neotropics. This family comprises only three genera: Hoplias, Hoplerythrinus and Erythrinus, all endemic to Central and South Americas. It is characterized by a divergent karyotype evolution and offers excellent opportunities for analyzing evolutionary events concerning the differentiation of the karyotype as a whole, as well as of the sex chromosome systems. In this sense, the species Erythrinus erythrinus presents four karyomorphs (A-D), in which homomorphic or heteromorphic sex chromosomes can be found. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the chromosomal differentiation among karyomorphs of E. erythrinus and their evolutionary relationships, using both conventional cytogenetic methods and the chromosomal mapping of repetitive DNAs sequences by FISH. The data showed the occurrence of small supernumerary chromosomes which are mitotically unstable, as well as useful molecular markers. Indeed, the mapping of several repetitive DNA sequences highlighted unique or shared features among the karyomorphs, indicating their evolutionary differentiation. The data also reinforce that distinct populations from karyomorph A behave as an evolutionary unit despite their wide geographic distribution. In turn, although the karyomorphs C and D share several karyotypic characters, they present specific molecular markers indicating their distinct evolutionary paths. Even though that morphological differentiations are not easily detectable among the karyomorphs, the set of the chromosomal features strongly corroborate that E. erythrinus belongs to a species complex.
Avaliação do ciclo de vida da brita para a construção civil: estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-09)
Rossi, Efigênia
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Sales, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9625302920847212
The civil construction is one of the most important activities for the economic and social development, however it also behaves as a major generator of environmental impacts. The aggregates for construction include crushed stone, sand and gravel and they are the most consumed inputs in the world. About 60 to 80% of the volume of concrete is composed by them and crushed stone has an extensive use. This study aims to wage the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of crushed stone in the production of concrete applied in civil construction, through the identification and discussion of quantitative stages of extraction, processing, storage, transport, use and final disposal. In the developing of the methodology we used the standard recommendations of ISO 14040 and 14044, where the study is divided in four parts: Definition of goal and scope, Life Cycle Inventory Analysis (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) and Interpretation. The largest impacts related to the following categories: Human toxicity (soil), Acidification, Nutrient enrichment and Global Warming. The results indicate that the critical steps of the whole life cycle of gravel are, in descending order: Extraction, Transportation from processing to trucks and Final disposal. The emissions from these critical stages correspond to those of higher fuel consumption. As alternatives to mitigate and minimize these impacts we proposed preventive maintenance of equipment and investment in technologies that allow the use of less polluting fuels, such as S50, S10, biodiesel and other biofuels.
Questões ambientais, socioeconômicas e histórias de vida de assentados/as rurais do assentamento Estrela da Ilha no município de Ilha Solteira - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-09)
Simonato, Danitielle Cineli
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Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7633974882677265
The present study aimed to know the socioeconomic, environmental profile and life history of the rural settlers of the Estrela da Ilha settlement, in the municipality of Ilha Solteira, located in the State of São Paulo. The settlement has 209 land lots and the research was performed with 35 families. For data collection was used a questionnaire containing 50 questions about the socioeconomic and environmental profile of the settled families and, also, the collection of oral statements about the settlers' life history. The data analysis was made in a qualitative and quantitative way: the open questions were analyzed using the discursive textual analysis and the closed questions through simple statistics. The results pointed that the settlement profile in relation to age 37% are between 40-50 years, being 60% from male gender, the source of income of 54% of the families comes from their own property, the family income of 51% of the settlers is two minimum wages monthly, 68% has only uncompleted primary education, the home conditions indicated that 94% of the settlers have masonry dwellings and 89% of them are unfinished, 71% of the settlers claim to consume industrialized food frequently, the settlement production is characterized by dairy farming in most lots, followed by horticulture, the commercialization is done through cooperatives and associations, as well as sales in the city fairs. Was also researched, the environmental questions like the forest reserve area, water supply in 94% of the lots comes from wells, sanitary sewage 71% of the lots have septic tank, 74% of them use pesticide, was also researched about the solid waste management. The life histories highlighted the difficulties faced by the settlers to conquer the land, since the camp to the establishment on the lot. Denoted on the statements dreams, joys, settlers faith, it also disclosed the difficulties and problems of the Estrela da Ilha settlement. We conclude that in the community studied the biggest problems are related to socioeconomic issues, like income and education, and the worst environmental problems are the indiscriminate use of pesticides, the improper disposal of solid waste and the sanitary sewage. Therefore, these weaknesses need to be worked through public policies of access to education in rural areas, infrastructure, production and commercialization strategies and technical assistance for achieving sustainable rural development, emphasizing the quality of harmoniously living with the environment and social justice.