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Uso de biomassa de algas para a peletização de sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas de Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-14) Montanhim, Graziela Cristina; Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4495914996455718
Algae are organisms with which studies have been made on the uptake of carbon dioxide, as a source of lipids for research on biofuels such as fertilizers and soil. But little is known about the interaction of such organisms with higher plants. Thus, the general objective of this master thesis was to reuse the algal biomass of Selenastrum capricornutum Printz (Chlorophyceae class) e Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira e Krauss (Trebouxiophyceae class) in pelleting seed Bowdichia virgilioides, native to the Brazilian Savanna that are classified as threatened with extinction and whose wood has attributes for the furniture industry, besides the medicinal properties already reported in other studies. First, the seeds were grown in a greenhouse, with the following treatments: a) seeds naked; b) pelleted seeds with white glue based on polyvinyl acetate diluted to 8% at water and gypsum; c) seeds pelleted with glue based white polyvinyl acetate diluted to 8% at wet algal biomass of Selenastrum capricornutum and gypsum; d) pelleted seeds with white glue based polyvinyl acetate diluted to 8% at wet algal biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana and gypsum. Fungicide and insecticide were added to the silicato and gypsum for agricultural according to industry directions. The parameters mean emergence time (days), weight (g) dry and cool, length (cm) of aerial and root portions and number of nitrogen fixing nodules in the roots don t showed statistically significant difference between treatments. The variable "emergency percentage" showed that pelleted seeds with C. sorokiniana biomass as a cement material constituent showed value equivalent to conventional treatment (naked), paving the way for new studies pelleting with agal biomass of that species. As higher be the algae intracellular biochemical values, higher be the chances to achieve satisfactory results, because the seed can be use algae biochemical components at its development. In a second stage, there was pelleted seed sown in an area of brazilian savanna and the treatments were: a) naked seed; b) pelleted seeds with white glue based on polyvinyl acetate diluted to 8% at water and gypsum; c) pelleted seeds with white glue based on polyvinyl acetate diluted to 8% at wet algal biomass of Selenastrum capricornutum and gypsum with fungicide and insecticide; d) pelleted seeds with white glue based on polyvinyl acetate diluted to 8% at water and silicate for agricultural; and e) pelleted seeds with white glue based on polyvinyl acetate diluted to 8% at wet algal biomass of Selenastrum capricornutum and silicate for agricultural. Fungicide and insecticide were added to the silicato and gypsum for agricultural according to industry directions. For this experiment hood, it was observed that treatment with only gypsum had a significantly lower percentage of emergence. The treatment with silicate was considered as an effective material coating to the sucupira seed pelleting process, cultivating in savanna field. Thus, the alga Chlorella sorokiniana showed to be an efficient cementing material for pelleting process and silicate for agricultural a promising coating material, when it comes to planting in the field.
Remediação in vitro de poluentes orgânicos persistentes com utilização de plantas e nanopartículas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-14) Almeida, Marcos Vinícius de; Rissato, Sandra Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2611597065632795; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4508755282986225
Environmental pollution has been a complex problem which generates a lot of ecological consequences. Among all chemicals produced by anthropic activity human, there isa wide range of organic compounds affecting on the environment and human health, which were grouped under the acronym POPs, Persistent Organic Pollutants. These compounds have been targeted at all conventions on the global environment. Bioremediation, phytoremediation and thermal treatment are techniques that have been tested in recent years and in many cases showed good results for decontamination matrices such as soil and water. Nanotechnology emerged in the recent years as an important tool for environmental purification and has been highly used by presenting itself as technological option for "green oxidation". Plants can also be considered as component of aggregation and transformation of organic compounds in their tissues and can also be applied in phytoremediation purposes both in vivo and in vitro models. This study developed a remediation method fully in vitro, in contrast to traditional methods in vivo. Two novel protocols were established by the development of in vitro culture: one for bamboo species Bambusa vulgaris var. vitatta and other for sunflower Helianthus annuus. L. The study of bioremediation effects of these species in vitros howed promising results for seventeen from twenty-four compounds evaluated using sunflower reaching until 87% for remediation. Moreover, it was possible to verify the nanostructured TiO2 toxicity to the studied species at different stages of development. The use of nanostructured TiO2 in the remediation of aqueous samples contaminated with POPs showed promising results in degradation of around 50% for most pollutants. This work suggests an interesting comparison of the potential of these techniques in environmental applications with respect to efficiency, practicality and toxicity especially focus in go remediation processes certainly due to its dynamic results can provide environmentally attractive and can even be used together.