Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2013-08-23"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 17803

Introdução ao estudo da álgebra no ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Pinheiro, Patricia Aparecida
;
Barbosa, Grazielle Feliciani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368292206467565
This study is based on considerations regarding the teaching and learning of algebra in its introductory phase with seventh graders and eighth year of elementary school, having as final product an instructional sequence with the objective of introducing algebraic thinking more effectively. At first, there is a discussion of issues related to the introduction to the study of algebra, such as the difficulties and mistakes that students have upon the lights of the thoughts of various authors and researchers in Mathematics Education. It also provides general guidelines for teaching this subject according to official documents (Brazilian Curricular Parameters and Curricular Proposal of the State of São Paulo). Moreover, it contains a proposed instructional sequence that aims to introduce algebraic thinking effectively, bringing even discussions about the chosen methodologies. The second phase deals with the application of this sequence into two classes of eighth year of a public school from the state of São Paulo. Finally, we expose our impressions, the student outcomes and also suggestions in order to the sequence can be used and improved by other teachers.
Exploração do conceito de multiplicação de matrizes através de tecnologias digitais: sites e softwares educativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Chereguini, Ana Ligia Costa
;
Soares, Márcio de Jesus
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3273672989988386
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8225281244793405
The present study lies in the learning context where there is an alleged disinterest and difficulties of students when presenting the contents of arrays. From the contents above, the study aimed to describe the instructional sequence that aimed to provide an understanding of the Matrices content by students of 2nd year of secondary education, focusing on the use of technology as an ally in solving problems. In the first and second stage of the development of this instructional sequence it was detected through examples and exercises, that some students presented themselves unmotivated in face of difficulties regarding the resolution of problems involving content prerequisites matrices, such as handling of negative numbers in mathematical operations. From this preliminary assessment, attention was given to resume the content identified as deficient and concomitant and emphatically it was made use and application of educational software for teaching arrays. At the end of the five moments involving this instructional sequence, which occurred over twelve lessons, it was possible to arouse the curiosity of students and propitiate them to understand the content of matrices and hence promote greater involvement with the subject of Mathematics. Throughout the study presents considerations on the various difficulties encountered during the development of this work in order to teach the concept of matrix multiplication.
Ecologia do fogo e diversidade funcional em comunidades vegetais de cerrado no Parque Nacional das Emas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Silva, Danilo Muniz da
;
Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5283017931981878
Fire is an environmental filter that selects species based on their traits and, in association with soil features are related to differences in plant species richness and composition. Functional diversity incorporates variation in species traits and allows one to evaluate the effects of biodiversity upon community functioning. It can be divided into components to elucidate response and effect links with environment. Both intra- and interspecific variation should be considered when analysing the role of environmental filters structuring communities. Sampling woody plants in a Brazilian cerrado reserve, we measured species richness, functional traits, abundance, environmental variables and litter decomposition rate. We calculate three functional diversity index. Then, we used model selection analyses to select the best model predicting functional diversity and richness based on soil variables in sites with three different fire frequencies. We calculated the community weighted mean of each trait and used an ordination to examine how traits changed across fire frequencies. We tested for effects of biodiversity upon ecological functioning. We also used an intra- and interspecific trait-based approach to test for shifts in each trait mean, reduction of trait range, and increase in niche differentiation. We found higher species richness and functional dispersion in more fertile sites where fire was frequent, and the opposite where fire was infrequent. However, soil influenced functional evenness and divergence only where fire was infrequent, with higher values where soils were poorer. We found low values of functional richness and high values of functional evenness and functional convergence. Functional components were related to environmental variables, indicating that functional diversity had response links with the environment: harsher environmental conditions lead to less phenotypic overlap and, consequently, less competition. Functional components did not predict litter decomposition rate. However, when environmental variables were also used, we found higher decomposition rate related to higher slope, richer soil, frequent fire, and higher functional richness. Therefore the effect links of functional diversity upon functioning were dependent on the cerrado environment. The inclusion of intraspecific variability did not increase the perception of environmental filters and competition to all traits. We found evidence for environmental filter to almost all traits analysed, except basal area and leaf toughness. Mean values shifted for five traits and ranges reduced for seven traits compared to null expectation. Also five traits presented niche differentiation indicating competition after the filter selection. Fire may change functional traits directly by hindering development of plants and indirectly by changing competition. Different fire frequencies lead to different plant-soil relationships, which may affect the functioning of tropical savanna communities. Both functional diversity components and functional identity of the communities are affected by fire frequency and soil conditions. Fire gradient changed the space traits by selecting similar species with more adequate traits.
Comportamento reprodutivo de espécies de Trypargilum e análises de parentesco genético intranidal e genética de populações de Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albitarse (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Bergamaschi, Antônio Carlos Bragato
;
Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4074808077545126
The genus Trypoxylon consists of solitary wasps that build mud nests or nest in preexisting cavities, which brood cells positioned linearly are stored with paralyzed spiders. The male in species of the subgenus Trypargilum presents a singular behavior among Hymenoptera, playing the role of guard in active nests, which guarantees repeated copulations with the partner that interacts, especially before oviposition. It is expected that this behavior increases the chances of reproductive success of the guarding male. However, the constant presence of satellite males in nesting areas, associated to reports obtained in behavioral studies that pointed the receptivity of females assisted by a guarding male to extra-pair copulations, lay doubts in the effectiveness of reproductive tactics adopted by the guard. The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of natural history of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) species, through behavioral records, genetic analyzes of intranidal relatedness and analyzes of diversity and population structure. The nesting behavior of Trypoxylon agamemnon, Trypoxylon aurifrons and Trypoxylon nitidum in trap nests was recorded, mainly focusing on the interaction between the guarding male and the nesting female, beyond the role of the satellite male, who was constantly positioned near active nests. Genetic analysis of intranidal relatedness using species-specific microsatellite loci for Trypoxylon albitarse indicated that this species has a predominantly monogamous mating system, although extra-pair copulations have been detected. Since little is known about the population genetics of this group of wasps, we also present data from the genetic diversity and structure of five populations of T. albitarse, sampled in four states in Brazil, which indicated high levels of genetic diversity and significantly population structure.
A pedagogia da alternância no bacharelado em agronomia com ênfase em agroecologia e sistemas rurais sustentáveis (ProNERA/UFSCar): o campo e a universidade como territórios educativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Sardo, Paola Maia Lo
;
Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9094701268158411
This dissertation aims to analyze the pedagogical model used in a Bachelor of Agronomy offered to settled of the agrarian reform program, namely the alternation between school and community moments. The difficulty of the condensed subjects in the school time seems to be offset by the importance of the community time that provides local knowledge, through observation, analysis, and reflection, joining theory and practice, being pointed by the students as one of the reasons of higher learning. On community time, the greatest difficulties were balancing work with study and the lack of contact with the teachers. Moreover, the study ultimately allows the involvement of family, community and even the institutions for their development.
O gênero Phyllanthus L. (Phyllanthaceae) na região sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Martins, Erika Ramos
;
Lima, Letícia Ribes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8514506711580427
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6977540571147995
The genus Phyllanthus L. is the largest and most diverse of the family Phyllanthaceae with about 830 species that are spread mainly throughout the tropics, of which 200 are in the neotropics. From 100 species occurring in Brazil, where the genre is richest in South America, 40% of them occur in the southern region of the country, where is located one of the centers of diversity of the genus. The great diversity, richness and taxonomy still little studied, even regarding the circumscription of their species, justifying this study. Thus, the main aim of this study was to survey and analyze morphological and taxonomic aspects of the genus in southern Brazil, contributing to the knowledge of Phyllanthus in the country as well to the Brazilian biodiversity. This study includes an identification key, descriptions and comments on the taxonomy, geographical distribution and illustrations of the species. In southeastern Brazil were found 37 species of the genus: Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl., P. acutifolius Poir ex Spreng., P amarus Schumach., P. angustissimus Müll. Arg., P. arenicola Casar., P. augustinii Baill., P. avicularis Müll. Arg., P. caparaoensis G.L. Webster., P. caroliniensis Walter., P. choretroides Müll. Arg., P. cipoensis E.R. Martins & Cordeiro sp. nov. ined., P. cladotrichus Müll. Arg., P. dictyospermus Müll. Arg., P. fastigiatus Mart. ex Müll. Arg., P. gladiatus Müll. Arg., P. glaziovii Müll. Arg., P. heteradenius Müll.Arg., P. hypoleucus Müll. Arg., P. hyssopifolioides Kunth, P. itatiaiensis Brade., P. juglandifolius Willd., P. klotzschianus Müll. Arg., P. minutulus Müll. Arg., P. mocotensis G.L. Webster, P. niruri L., P. orbiculatus L.C. Rich., P. perpusillus Baill., P. pinifolius Baill., P. piranii G.L. Webster, P. riedelianus Müll. Arg., P. rosmarinifolius Müll. Arg., P. sellowianus (Klotzsch) Müll. Arg., P. stipulatus (Raf.) Webster, P. subemarginatus Müll. Arg., P. tenellus Roxb., P. umbratus Müll. Arg. and P. urinaria L.
Estudos experimentais sobre relações derivadas e transferência do significado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Almeida, João Henrique de
;
Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5650691726216420
Questions on how abstract symbols acquire meaning remain intriguing puzzles for behavioral and cognitive sciences. Recently, tow main approaches have been emphasized in the context of Behavior Analysis investigating these issues, the Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm and Relational Frame Theory. In this series of studies the main objective was to add data to discussion on this topic. In Study 1 it were investigated validity and accuracy of a Semantic Differential instrument which has been used to measure the transfer meanings equivalent stimuli. Factor analysis of the collected data provided indications of the validity of the instrument and the alpha coefficients obtained indicate that the two factors extracted in this analysis have acceptable levels of accuracy, although one of the factors must be revised. Study 2 described an experiment was conducted to evaluate the modification of meaning through reorganization of stimulus equivalence classes. Results showed the importance of delayed matching to sample in the transfer of functions to reorganized classes of equivalent stimuli. In Study 3, it was investigated the same phenomenon, the transfer functions, but in classes established primarily by reject control. The difficulty in establishing this type response pattern did not allowed clear inferences about the transfer with this specific type of control. Study 4 evaluated the transformation function using the IRAP. In the results we observed this phenomenon in both explicit and implicit measures. This set of studies allowed investigating different measures of transfer and transformation of functions, defined here as the study of meaning, and to observe important variables in this process especially the importance of establishing reliably relations between stimuli.
Codificando o alfabeto por meio do sistema de numeração binário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Almeida, Meire Aparecida de
;
Barbosa, Grazielle Feliciani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368292206467565
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2011261746875943
The main objective of this work is to report a didactic experience with activities different of the commonly used in school activities. Stands out the importance of linking the mathematical content with the daily affairs of the students. By observing the students' disinterest in learning math, the many questions about where they could use the knowledge learned in school in their everyday life, and by observing the difficulty that students often have in understanding the formation of a numbering system, we designed a work exploring the binary numbering system. As it is very present in the technologies, which we no longer can avoid, and for being a structured system like all others, differing only by the base used, he became the focus of the study. The binary numbering system was introduced to the students through practical activities that aroused the curiosity of them about the possibility of writing numbers and letters using only the digits 0 and 1.
Avaliação de habilidades pré-aritméticas e ensino de adição e subtração para crianças: contribuições da análise do comportamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Gualberto, Priscila Mara de Araújo
;
Carmo, João dos Santos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694
The purposes of this study were propose: a pre-math skills evaluation tool for map the students repertoire of the early years of elementary school and analyze the complexity of relations of the tool; and an evaluation and teach program of addition and subtraction skills based on equivalence paradigm, describing method, results and behavior analysis on a speech that could foment the intercommunication with professionals other areas, mainly Math Education. Twelve children of the second at fifth years of elementary school participated of the test of the pre-math skills evaluation tool, all of at a public school by Porto Ferreira/SP. The procedure was compound by twelve MTS and CRMTS tasks that tested these relations: discriminations of numerals, number s names and sets; numerals and number s names naming and quantifying of sets; crescent/decrescent ordering of numerals and sets; before/after relations with numerals and sets; major/minor relations with and without sample; more/less relations with and without sample; equality between numerals and sets; relations numeral-set, set-numeral, name-numeral, numeral-name, name-set and set-name; estimate between numerals and sets; sequences completion with sets and numerals. The results demonstrated the tool s viability for identify on the students repertoire gaps that would interfere in later learning, such as addition/subtraction concepts, and allowed us accomplish a behavior analysis of the component skills. Continuing, nine of the same participants were exposed to the MTS procedure that have composed the evaluation and teach program of addition and subtraction skills, grounded on the equivalence paradigm. The program was organized into three units according to difficulty levels, having the unit 1 values from one to ten, the unit 2 values from ten to twenty and the unit 3 values above twenty. The arithmetic operations were composed by stimuli printed numerals, sets and mathematical signs and the relations between them. Eight participants completed the unit 1 and four of these the unit 2 partially and yet two participants concluded the three teach units. The analysis of the results allowed us verify that the subtraction operations were more difficult for some participants, causing greater errors number, and the operations that had the operation s result as sample stimulus showed have been more complex for some them. The evaluation and teach program of addition and subtraction skills made possible the development of a behavioral analysis of these arithmetic operations and the identification of several relevant issues for future studies, such as the role of the signal mathematic in the formation of equivalence classes, the use of strategies on problem solving, the inverse relation between the addition and subtraction operations, the interrelation between the pre-math skills and arithmetic skills, among others.
A dimensão de uso da gramática (pragmalinguística) em um livro didático para ensino-aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Andrade, Nathalie Messias de
;
Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0123767416373042
The aim of this work is to verify if and to what extent the pragmatic aspects of grammar (pragmalinguistics) are covered in some units of an English Language Teaching textbook used in Brazil. We also aim to delineate the role of grammar in this material and, based on the analyzed units, present reflections on the possibilities of contributing to the teaching-learning of pragmalinguistics. We consider the proposal of the material as we verify the activities according to theories that approach grammar as a skill (BATSTONE, 1994 and LARSEN-FREEMAN, 2003), pragmatics (KASPER and ROSE, 2001) and principled materials development (TOMLINSON, 2010, HARWOOD, 2010). It is observed that the present textbook does not approach pragmalinguistics. Instead, it focuses on grammar as product. Due to this factor, learners are not presented with opportunities to reflect upon language usage.
Diagnóstico da estrutura da paisagem da estação ecológica de Avaré e seu entorno, como subsídio à sua conservação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Galetti, Gabriela
;
Valente, Roberta de Oliveira Averna
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
;
Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5002307239259999
The process of agricultural expansion caused an increase in forest fragmentation and, consequently, it was responsible for the conversion of the forest into a mosaic with different land-cover patches and remnants of the original forest. In order to identify the distribution of the remnants in a 3 km-radius around the Estação Ecológica de Avaré - EEA, we produced a land-use/land-cover map of this landscape. Based in this map it was calculated the landscape metrics. The natural vegetation occupied 21.2% of the area and it was distributed in 59 patches in an agricultural matrix. The largest remnant has 587.68 ha. According the landscape metrics only 6,7% of the natural vegetation are larger than 50 ha and, consequently 93% of this remnants are small. The shapes of the forest remnants are predominantly irregular and lengthened because it was close to surface water and, consequently, in a buffer zone of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), which occupied 6.3% of total landscape (65% cover by natural vegetation). The man intervention was responsible for the conversion of the 35% of the PPA area into a mosaic with different land-cover, in this case, with agriculture and urban occupation. Consider the flux of the sub-tribe Euglossina bees, the EEA is not isolated and permitted a forest connection. The forest remnants, although, suffer with the negative pressure done by the agriculture. In this context, we concluded that the landscape metrics permit the evaluation of the landscape context and facilitate the definition of action aim at the forest and landscape conservation.
Mineração visual de imagens aliada a consultas pelos k-vizinhos diversos mais próximos: flexibilizando e maximizando o entendimento de consultas por conteúdo de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Dias, Rafael Loosli
;
Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6161385127027812
Content-Based Image Retrieval systems use visual information like color, shape and texture to represent images in feature vectors. The numerical representation found for the images is used in query execution through a metric to evaluate the distance between vectors. In general, there is an inconsistency in the evaluation of similarity between images according to human perception and the results computed by CBIR systems, which is called Semantic Gap. One way to overcome this problem is by the addition of a diversity factor in query execution, allowing the user to specify a degree of dissimilarity between the resulting images and changing the query result. Adding diversity in consultation, however, requires high computational cost and the reduction of possible subsets to be analyzed is a difficult task to be understood by the user. This masters degree thesis aims to make use of Visual Data Mining techniques applied to queries in CBIR systems, improving the interpretability of the measure of similarity and diversity, as well as the relevance of the result according to the judgment and prior knowledge of the user. The user takes an active role in the retrieval of images by their content, guiding its result and, consequently, reducing the Semantic Gap. Additionally, a better understanding of the diversity and similarity factors involved in the query is supported by visualization and interaction techniques.
Monitoramento e modelagem da recarga freática em técnica de drenagem compensatória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-23)
Sírio, Daniel de Lima Nascimento
;
Barbassa, Ademir Paceli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6103283444830947
Stormwater flooding in urban centers today is the direct result of ground impermeabilization and the ineffective dimensioning of stormwater drainage systems. In order to control these events, innovative low impact stormwater drainage facilities are used in Brazil, which are efficient in controlling sharp peak flows in urban watersheds without, however, affecting the aesthetic appearance of the landscape in these environments. The purpose of this study is to model and estimate the volume of water infiltrated into the soil where a compensatory stormwater drainage system is inserted, which can contribute to groundwater recharge. Modeling was performed by means of a physical storage method and storage variation in soil using a tensiometer, and in digital form using the Hydrus 2D/3D software package. The monitored drainage system and the digitally designed system consist of a water retention basin, a ditch or filter, and an infiltration trench. Groundwater recharge was estimated based on soil analyses, geophysical investigations, flow measurements, and rainfall data, in addition to data collected during 454 days of continuous monitoring of the system by means of tensiometers installed on-site, rain gauges, and the construction of bimodal soil water retention curves using the filter paper method. The moisture content at different depths, the zero water flow plane, and the volumes moving in the soil matrix were calculated based on the identification of the soil water content and matric potential, the hydraulic conductivity in saturated conditions at the monitored depths, and the soil s characteristic curves. The results of the Soil Water Retention Curves (SWRC) and soil moisture content were negligible starting from a depth of 80cm. However, the groundwater recharge rate estimated by the tensiometer method and by the Hydrus digital model was about 45% of the total volume of rainfall.
Descobrindo o número PI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-24)
Keller, Flávia Adolf Lutz
;
Moura, Renato José de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5227908949297904
The value of the circumference s length divided by its diameter has a result a constant named PI; This value is known since ancient times by the Greeks and Egyptians, but only in current history this constant has been recognized as an irrational number. This study has as objective to explore the relationship of the circle by II elementary school students and extension of numerical sets from this constant. Making sense of this value by checking its regularity in all circles through practical experiments and also exploring the technological resources available in the school, making the students to follow the steps for determining of the numerical value and to participate in the construction and discovery process of new knowledge. The teaching sequence proposed was based on Engineering teaching as research methodology, conducting in the end a posteriori analysis which demonstrates that learning from manipulable objects, together with technological resources available provides to students with a greater assimilation of mathematical content, one becoming a remarkable experience for elementary school students and being an important tool which complements the lessons and makes them more participative. It is hoped that this work support math teachers to reflect the usage of manipulative materials, educational software and all available resources which provide greater assimilation and approach the student with the mathematical concepts.
Conhecendo fractal no ensino médio: árvore pitagórica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-26)
Nicola, Celso Henrique
;
Soares, Márcio de Jesus
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3273672989988386
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0959318786185727
This work has objective to show results of a didactic experience that consider the use of a dynamic geometric software in a restrict area of the Mathematic, named fractal . This study presents a great complexity and beauty in your geometric structures. Therefore, we present some fractals, in particular, the Pythagorean Tree that arouses the interest of students. For geometric constructions, we chose the GeoGebra software, based in the geometry lessons that we had in the course. Next, we explore one of the most famous theorems of the Plane Geometry, the Pythagoras Theorem, in addition of others mathematics contents, such as, counting. We also study the main trends connected to the informatics and we took advantages of the computational technology resource to assist the students with the construction and learning, including them in a new educational scenario based in the technology presence.
Investigação da ação bactericida de produtos naturais sobre a bactéria Xylella fastidiosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-26)
Silva, Danielle Fernandes da
;
Forim, Moacir Rossi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8073510267574692
This work describes the study of natural compounds as potential bactericides for control of Xylella fastidiosa which causes the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC), a disease that causes large losses in brazilian citrus and still does not have a bactericidal specific in the market to combat it. The project was deveped in two stages. The first part of the work was done in vitro, where the compounds naringenina complexed with rutênio and magnésio, separately, hesperidina complexed with magnésio, azadirachtina, hesperidina and naringenina were tested as inhibitors of Xylella fastidiosa growth using the system of microdilution in culture media to detect the minimal inhibitory concetration of these compounds against the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. These compounds showed, respectively, minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0,19 µM, 0,34 µM, 1,01 µM, 2,1 µM, 3,27 µM e 7,3 µM. In a second phase, the best results obtained in vitro were validated in Vivo experiments, where the bacterium was inoculated into healthy citros plants. After a period of manifestation of disease in plants, these were diagnosed by PCR analysis to identify which plants had been contaminated by the bacterial. After detecting diseased plants through the presence of Xylella fastidiosa s DNA, they were treated with those natural componds and their derivatives that have been tested in vitro. After a period of treatement, the plants to obsorb the metabolites and acted upon these bacteria, a analysis was perfomed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) comparing the amount of bacteria in plants before and after treatment with the bactericide, evaluating the occurrence or not, of the bacterium inibition. The following results were obtained: for naringenina complexed with Mg, 0,8 µM; naringenina complexed with Ru, 1,2 µM; azadirachtina, 1,4 µM; hesperidina, 1,8 µM; naringenina 3,9 µM and cuprum (positive control), 6,3 µM, this for 0,1% of life bacteria. The in vitro results consistent with the results in vivo.
Função colinérgica cardiorrespiratória no núcleo do trato solitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-26)
Furuya, Werner Issao
;
Zoccal, Daniel Breseghello
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1958567557189244
;
Colombari, Débora Simões de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684467594359403
The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is the primary synaptic site of the peripheral baroreceptors and chemoreceptors. It has been shown that acetylcholine (ACh) microinjected into the NTS of rats induces hypotension and bradycardia. However, the contribution of cholinergic mechanisms at different NTS subnuclei (intermediate and commissural) as well as the cholinergic receptors blockade on the control of sympathetic (SNA) and phrenic (PNA) nerve activities have not been studied yet. In this study we assessed the role of ACh and its cholinergic receptors at the intermediate NTS (iNTS) and commissural NTS (cNTS) on the control of SNA, PNA and electrophysiological properties of these subnuclei neurons, as well as on baro and chemoreflex responses. Decorticated arterially-perfused in situ preparations of male juvenile rats were used to record SNA and PNA. Microinjections of ACh and cholinergic antagonists were performed into the iNTS or cNTS. Coronal slices of the brainstem containing either cNTS or iNTS subnuclei were obtained from male juvenile rats and used in whole cell patch clamp – current clamp recordings. It was observed that ACh microinjected into the iNTS inhibited both SNA and PNA. These effects were reduced by the pre-treatment with atropine (muscarinic antagonist) or mecamylamine (nicotinic antagonist). The cholinergic antagonists into the iNTS did not change the effects on SNA and PNA induced by baro and chemoreflex activation. In contrast, microinjections of ACh into the cNTS did not induce changes in SNA, but increased PNA. Despite the absence of changes in SNA, ACh into the cNTS changed the pattern of respiratory-sympathetic coupling. Both atropine and mecamylamine into the cNTS inhibited the ACh-induced tachypnea, but only mecamylamine inhibited the chemoreflex-induced tachypnea and the ACh-induced change in respiratory-sympathetic coupling. In vitro studies demonstrated that ACh promotes depolarization in both iNTS and cNTS neurons. Both muscarinic and nicotinic antagonism in the iNTS inhibited the ACh-induced depolarization. However, only nicotinic antagonist was effective in diminishing this response in the cNTS. The results suggest that ACh plays an important role in the control of cardiovascular and respiratory activities, with distinct functions between iNTS and cNTS. This cholinergic control involves activation of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors within NTS, but only nicotinic receptors are involved in the chemoreflex tachypneic response.
Análise da gestão do processo de personalização de imóveis considerando os princípios da construção enxuta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-27)
Pagliaroni, Marco Aurellio Polenghi
;
Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1105914364296782
The builders are looking to adopt measures to remain profitable due to increasing market competition. These measures involve not only the improvement of the production process, as well as meeting the needs and requirements of customers. The customization has been used to adapt the residential property to customer needs, thus improving the performance of the built environment and the value of the product. One of the reasons why the implementation of personalization on the world stage was increased socioeconomic pattern of the population which is now able to meet individualized expectations, being stimulated also by the tendency to customize, present in other sectors of the economy. However due to lack of planning and an effective system of communication and information management aimed at adoption of customization, there are delays and rework for the completion of construction stages. Lean Construction emerges as a methodology of workflows that aims to reduce non-value added activities. This study aimed to determine what types of customization are offered, which principles of the Lean Construction are applied and the information flow in building companies of residential buildings that offer customization to customers. As research methodology were conducted four case studies with the use of questionnaires and interviews that allowed the observation of the types of customization offered by the companies studied and the principles of Lean Construction that are being applied. Similarly, it was possible to answer the research question of how the internal processes of these companies that offer customization of residential properties are organized, outlining flowcharts of each company, that show the communication between the involved, from the sale of the property to the client to the delivery of materials required for execution of the work and customizations, and propose a template flowchart.
Estudo teórico do efeito de micro-solvatação na molécula ácido orto-Aminobenzóico (o-Abz)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-27)
Pachêco, Vanusa Bezerra
;
Chaudhuri, Puspitapallab
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7716968611856757
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9728640081222445
In this work we analyzed the effect microsolvation in the electronic properties of the molecule ortho-aminobenzóic (o-Abz) in the gas phase using the solvent water. For this we considered two situations, one in that the solvent water molecule are placed close to the carboxyl group and another that the water molecule are placed close to the amino group producing the clusters o-Abz ⋯⌈H2O⌉...(continue).
Algoritmos de remoção para a estrutura de indexação Onion-tree
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-08-27)
Marrach, Debora Gonçalves Rodrigues
;
Ciferri, Ricardo Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8382221522817502
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0349487680412570
The Onion-tree is an efficient metric access method based on main memory for similarity search. The Onion-tree has already provided algorithms for insertion and processing of similarity queries (range query and k-nearest neighbors query). However, in the literature no algorithm has been proposed for removing elements in Onion-tree. For this index be incorporated into a database management system, it is necessary the proposal and implementation of at least one algorithm of deletion. This master's research focused primarily on the implementation and performance evaluation of the algorithms proposed for logical deletion in (CARÉLO et al., 2011). The proposal presented in (CARÉLO et al., 2011) led to the implementation of three algorithms, called LogicalDelete, ReplaceReducing and ReplaceGrowing. The first algorithm applies the logic deletion, while the other two algorithms are specializations adding special treatment for the deletion of elements in internal nodes with children exclusively leaf. The ReplaceReducing algorithm allows the reduction of the radius of the node that contains de deleted element. On the other hand, the ReplaceGrowing algorithm allows increasing this radius. In addition, algorithms have been proposed and evaluated for physical deletion that can be applied at any level of the Onion-tree. The algorithm ReorgAll rearranges all the elements in the hierarchy of the node that contains de deleted element, by physically removing the elements and reinserting them using the insertion algorithm, and algorithm PromoteNode, which extends the algorithm ReorgAll, promotes, when exists conditions for such operation, other node to replace the one that contains the deleted element. Experimental evaluation of the algorithms LogicalDelete, ReplaceReducing and ReplaceGrowing showed that the algorithm LogicalDelete is more cost effective than the algorithms ReplaceReducing and ReplaceGrowing in query processing after the deletion of elements. Experimental evaluation of physical removal algorithms showed that the promotion of a node to replace the removed node has advantages over the simple reorganization of the hierarchy of the node that contains the deleted element. Besides presenting lower cost of deletion of elements, the algorithm PromoteNode also outperformed the algorithm ReorgAll in query processing after removing elements. When compared with the logic deletion algorithm, for a large amount of deletion operations, the algorithms ReorgAll and PromoteNode produced performance gain of 21.6% in range query processing. However, in the same comparison, these algorithms have a much higher cost of deletion.