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Ergonomia e projeto: contribuições da Teoria de Solução de Problemas Inventivos (TRIZ)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-05)
Tosetto, Thaís
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Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6834973992915212
The ergonomics actions demand design processes for working conditions, products, processes or working organization. However, the integration of ergonomics into the design processes of organizations is still new. Several reasons account for this, whose common point rests on the failure of the models and practices to trigger design processes from the results generated by the analysis. It is recommended that these processes are developed within a paradigm of social construction in order to facilitate the participation of social actors and stimulate cooperation and incorporation of diverse knowledge involved. From a qualitative analysis, essentially descriptive, of ergonomics and design approaches, the research aims at defining an integrated approach, from the exploration of the contributions of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) and its tools to design process in ergonomics. The tools of TRIZ, in the context of ergonomics, can be applied at all stages of the design process, encouraging and equipping analysis, scenario building, anticipating conflicts and developing solutions. The proposed approach covers five main points including (i) system analysis / problem and constraints identification, (ii) analysis of the situation from the perspective of ideality, comparing past, present and future. (iii) determination of parameters and contradictions by building scenarios, (iv) use of the matrix of contradictions to explore the most relevant inventive principles, and (v) thereafter, the collective construction of the solution, its implementation and reassessment. The research also proposes a matrix of contradictions along with 39 ergonomics parameters. Built on the traditional TRIZ matrix structure and keeping the original inventive principles, the matrix enables the exploration of ideas to solve the contradictions found in the course of the project. The results are a conceptual and a operative starting point for the integration of ergonomics to design processes.
Articulação entre questões étnicas e raciais e a Educação de Pessoas Jovens e Adultas em propostas pedagógicas difundidas pelo site do Ministério da Educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-06)
Correia, Rosimara Silva
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Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4027599916702641
The current research, named Articulation among ethnical and racial issues and the Adults and Young Adults Education in Pedagogical Proposals widespread by the Education Ministry website , unleashed from the personal motivations and bibliographical and exploratory research, was dedicated to identify and analyze in the Pedagogical Proposals published on the Education Ministry website by the Continuous Education Secretary, Literacy, Diversity and Inclusion proposed to the Adults and Young Adults Education elements to education of the ethnical and racial relationship and identify in the Pedagogical Proposal presented in the book Guidelines and Actions for the Education of the Ethnical-Racial Relationship , published on the Education Ministry website by the Continuous Education Secretary, Literacy, Diversity and Inclusion proposed to the Adults and Young Adults Education. From these objectives, the research was guided by the following questions: in the Pedagogical Proposals, published on the Education Ministry website, about Adults and Young Adults Education, what is the role of the ethnical and racial issues? And in the book Guidelines and Actions for the Education of the Ethnical-Racial Relationship what is the role of the Adults and Young Adults Education? Is there an effective dialogue between them? To answer this question the studies were based on the analyze research of quantitative and qualitative content proposed by Bardin. For the qualitative analyzes, realized in the Pedagogical Proposal for the Adults and Young Adults Education a semantic field was created with the radicals: cult , differenc , discrimin , diversit , ethn , identi , prejudice , blac , and racism and an analytical frame was synthesized and for the quantitative analyzes realized in the book Guidelines and Actions for the Education of the Ethnical-Racial Relationship we pointed out all of the indications and recommendations to implement the law 10.639/03 in the modalities of Childhood Education, Elementary Education, High School, Adults and Young Adults Education, Licentiate and Quilombola Education and we synthesized in a comparative frame. About the results, in the Curricular Proposals for the First and Second Segment, the Ethnical and racial themes are approached in a transversal way with emphasis on the areas of Society and History studies and, in the Pedagogical Proposal for Education of Ethnical and Racial Relations, the Adults and Young Adults Education occupies one of the least prominent roles related to the suggestion of activities for the effectiveness of the law 10.639/03. Therefore, these two axles do not have an effective dialogue between each other.
Participação de áreas do tronco encefálico na resposta respiratória ao CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-06)
Lopes, Luana Tenório
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Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2915992384961428
The periaqueductal gray (PAG), a midbrain structure, is directly related to the modulation of survival behaviors and has direct projections to several central nuclei that are involved in breathing control, including the A5 cell group, nucleus of the solitary tract, rostral ventrolateral medulla, raphe nuclei among others. It also receives afferents from areas involved in the control of body temperature such as dorsal medial hypothalamus. Although it is already known that the PAG elicits ventilatory responses when stimulated, the neural circuits involved in this response are not fully elucidated. Therefore, this study explored the involvement of dorsal and ventral PAG on cardiorespiratory and thermal responses to normocapnia, hypercapnia and hypoxia. Thus, ibotenic acid (IBO) or vehicle (PBS, Sham group) was injected into the dPAG (dorsomedial/dorsolateral) or vPAG (lateral/ventrolateral) of male Wistar rats. Pulmonary ventilation (VE), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and body temperature (Tb) were measured in unanaesthetized rats during normocapnia normoxic, hypercapnic and hypoxic exposure (5, 15, 30 min, 7% CO2). The first set of experiments with hypercapnic challenge, IBO lesioning of the dPAG caused reduction of 31% of the respiratory response to CO2 (1094.3 ± 115 mL/Kg/min) compared with Sham (1589.5 ± 88.1 mL/Kg/min), whereas lesion of vPAG caused a decrease in 26% of hypercapnic hyperpnoea (1215.3 ± 108.6 mL/Kg/min) compared with Sham (1657.3 ± 173.9 mL/Kg/min). Basal VE, MAP, HR and Tb were not affected by dPAG or vPAG lesion. These results suggest that dPAG and vPAG exert an excitatory modulation of hypercapnic ventilatory response in rats but do not affect MAP, HR or Tb regulation in resting conditions or during hypercapnia. As to hypoxic challenge, lesions of 3.9 e 2.8% of dPAG and vPAG, respectivally, promoted by microinjection of 0.5 μL of IBO in dPAG and vPAG, did not change the cardioventilatory and thermal responses to hypoxia. The increase of the volume of injection of IBO to 1 μL caused 9.8% and 6.7% of dPAG and vPAG lesion, respectivally. Lesion of dPAG increased 67% the hypoxic ventilatory response (1730 ± 282.5 mL/Kg/min) compared to Shamp group (991.4 ± 194 mL/Kg/min), but lesion of vPAG did not change the cardiorespiratory and thermal responses to hypoxia. As observed with 0.5 μL of IBO, the increase of the size of dPAG and vPAG lesion did not affesct MAP, HR and Tb. In conclusion, dPAG neurons exert an inhibitory modulation of hypoxic respiratory. Additionally, the PAG does not appear to exert a tonic role on cardiovascular and thermal parameters during normoxia and hypoxic conditions.
Efeito de agromineral e vinhaça em atributos químicos de dois tipos de solos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-06)
Lopes, Otavio Mitsuhiro Motizuki
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Assad, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379324550884468
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2793506618750803
Can vinasse accelerate the change of minerals in rock powder for obtaining fertilizer, with utilization of residues from alcohol agro and mining industries? Answering this question was the main objective of this study. So, it was carried out two experiments in a laboratory in a completely randomized set using PVC columns in which we reproduced the 0-50 cm layers of a very clayey Red Oxisol and a Quartzipsamment. In the first test, with duration of 30 days, it was evaluated the application form of the mixture into the soil. It were tested incorporation of basalt powder previously in soil and incubation of basalt powder and vinasse in the laboratory for 24 hours and then applied to the soil. In Red Oxisol were used two doses of basalt powder (0 and 2,0 t ha-1), a dose of vinasse (200 m3 ha-1) and as a control, a dose of water (200 m3 ha-1) using the same amounts of rock powder. For this test, samples were collected from the surface of the columns in 1, 7, 15 and 30 days of experiment. In the second test, with duration of 90 days, using the two soils, were added three doses of basalt powder (0, 2,0 and 4,0 t ha-1) and a dose of vinasse (200 m3 ha-1). The control was made by treatments with water (200 m3 ha-1) with the same doses of rock powder. Samples were collected on the surface of each column in 1, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days and at the end of the experiment, in botton and in the leachate. For the surface samples in the first and second tests and the botton in the second test, we determined the levels of macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, S), micronutrients (B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn), H + Al, Al, organic matter, pH in CaCl2, sum of bases, base saturation and cation exchange capacity. In the leachate were determined Ca, Mg, K, SO4, Fe, Mn and Zn. In the first test, the evaluation of the application form of the mixture indicated that there was no difference between the use of basalt powder and vinasse incubated for 24 hours or previously incorporation of rock powder in the soil and then application of vinasse. In the second test, there were significant effects of solvent and soil in the surface layer, with variations in the levels of the attributes analyzed over time. The dose of basalt powder was not significant for most attributes analyzed, except for the levels of boron and iron. On balance levels at the beginning and end of the experiment, the results suggest that sorption phenomena with neoformed mineral phases or organic acids may have occurred. The mixture of vinasse and rock powder is an alternative fertilizer and reduces the consumption of soluble fertilizers, but further studies are needed to evaluate the sorption phenomena and availability of cations in the mixture.
Análise ambiental da Bacia do Ribeirão Fazenda Velha, Ibiúna-SP: subsídios para o planejamento ambiental e conservação dos recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-07)
Lorca Neto, Rafael Ocanha
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Arruda, Emerson Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883710507177933
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3099157857752899
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Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
This study aimed to conduct an environmental analysis of the River Fazenda Velha Watershed, providing subsidies to planning for the conservation of water resources. We used a set of tools in a Geographic Information System - GIS for spatial interpretation of data, statistical analysis and preparation of cartographic products. The maps generated were used to characterize the physical area and its environmental analysis. In the field trips were identified many environmental problems such as siltation of water bodies, soil erosion, release of untreated effluents and deforestation of riparian vegetation. After the environmental analysis was prepared a map of priority areas for conservation of water resources. The sector of the upper basin is the region that contains most of the priority areas and very extremely high. Due to the structuring of relief, marked by the presence of interfluves, with steep slopes (above 20%) becomes a strategic area for groundwater recharge and protection of soil and springs. Were also identified priority areas in the field of middle basin, characterized by slopes greater than 20% and the presence of natural vegetation. With the map of priority areas was possible to draw a map of Environmental Zoning, taking into account the conservation of water resources and the use for human activities. The proposed zoning map has four zones: Zone Conservation of Water Resources, Sustainable Use Zone, Intensive Use Zone, Agricultural Use Zone.
O imagético de uma comunidade caatingueira e os sentidos atribuídos à onça em um processo formativo de educação ambiental crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-09)
Hofstatter, Lakshmi Juliane Vallim
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Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5821740936715059
This dissertation presents an environmental education research, grounded in an understanding and critical perspective which seeks to contribute to the formation of subjects able to read and act in the world, positioning themselves critically towards the lived reality. This qualitative survey was conducted in concert with a teachers and community members environmental education formation process at the Brejo dos Olhos d Água community, in the caatinga region of Barra-BA. It is also a contextualized educational process, which considers the historicity of the subjects included in social contexts grounded in the popular education disseminated by Paulo Freire. Participatory methods were used to understand the environmental and social perception of the participating group, such as the biomap and rotating panel, deepening the study through photography using a method known as photo-elicitation. Following this stage, our research builds up the main issue of the dissertation, the analysis of the meanings attributed to the jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor). The relationship between humans and jaguars is extremely conflicted due to the ecological role that this animal occupies: a top predator chain. Thus, there are conflicts of habitat, natural resource use and cattle predation. In order to fulfill our objective of to better understand the origin of so many negative feelings towards these animals, the participant group conducted field interviews with hunters and collected stories related to jaguars and pumas. At the end of this work we used the focus group technique to deepen some of the issues relevant to all research. We applied questionnaires at all stages of the research to obtain data on environmental and social perception and to evaluate the educational process. We adopted hermeneutics as a theoretical perspective to interpret subjective questions implicit to humans, and other relevant techniques within each of the issues addressed, such as the use of semiotics to interpret images. The resuIts evidenced the fact that living in the Caatinga, where livelihoods are directly related to the use of resources and where water is a limiting factor, makes the conflict even more emblematic and therefore this must be considered in any decision. We point out possible ways for continued and contextualized teachers formation processes; awareness of emerging forms of perceiving natural resources beyond the utilitarian; the demystification of fear through information and, if possible, contact with animals; joint planning and participatory use of the area may ensure the survival of both people ways of life and of the jaguar.
Dielectric and elastic response of perovskites: modelling and simulation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-09)
Jiménez, Rolando Placeres
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Rino, José Pedro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6801067322823031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2841993868062910
Nesta tese é estudada a resposta elástica e elétrica das perovskitas. As perovskitas são amplamente utilizadas em aplicações técnicas, sendo fundamental na eletrônica e no campo relativamente novo da nanoeletrônica. Elas representam um desafio muito interessante do ponto de vista teórico, devido a uma série de questões ainda não resolvidas. Dois problemas são tratados com diferentes abordagens teóricas. O primeiro problema é focado no comportamento elástico anômalo do CaTiO3 em torno de 200 K. A dinâmica molecular é usada para simular a resposta elástica de uma configuração de monodomínio e polidomínio de CaTiO3 usando o potencial interatômico Vashishta - Rahman. O comportamento anômalo é reproduzido, mas nenhuma mudança estrutural foi detectada. Utilizando a análise não-linear de séries temporais é mostrado que tais anomalias são dinâmicas e são geradas pelo movimento das paredes de domínio. O segundo problema tratado é mais geral e refere-se à resposta dielétrica não-linear. Dois modelos para o movimento de paredes de domínio são propostos com o qual é possível reproduzir os efeitos da intensidade do campo elétrico e frequência, e comportamento transientes. No primeiro modelo, a parede de domínio é considerada como uma membrana esticada. As relações de dispersão e dependência da permissividade com campo elétrico são derivadas. Com este modelo é possível reproduzir o comportamento histerético do permissividade em função do campo elétrico. O modelo explica corretamente o efeito do tamanho de grão na resposta dielétrica. O segundo modelo considera que a parede do domínio comporta-se como um corpo rígido que se move sob a ação de um campo de forças de potencial num meio com dissipação. Supondo que a constante dielétrica segue a dependência É α/1 (α + βE) é obtida a expressão exacta do potencial efectivo. Simulações de corrente de polarização preve corretamente uma lei de potência. O modelo é estendido para amostras polarizadas permitindo o estudo da permissividade dielétrica não-linear para campos elétricos de subswitching. Estes modelos simples para o movimento da parede de domínio podem ser muito úteis para obter informação dos parâmetros microscópicos a partir de medições dielétricas. Também poderiam ser muito úteis para separar correntes condutoras de mecanismos de polarização, especialmente em filmes finos ferroelétricos.
Pressupostos pedagógicos das atuais propostas de formação superior em saúde no Brasil: origens históricas e fundamentos teóricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-10)
Conterno, Solange de Fátima Reis
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3619930912262742
The study approached the pedagogic assumptions of current proposals of health graduation in Brazil, disclosed by the Health Ministry as innovative and as the only possibility, nowadays, of a competent, critical and progressive health graduation. The recommended assumptions are expressed by the quotations of learning to learn; the facilitating professor; signifying learning; teaching centered in the student s interest and problem based learning. Worked with the premise that the assumptions of innovative methodologies if historically situated they lose their inventiveness and originality not constituting themselves in something new. The research aimed systematizing the historical background of the changing movement in graduation of professionals connected to health in the last decades; to identify and analyze the suggestions of changes in health training in different historical moments by different actors. To apprehend from official documents the methodological assumptions divulged to health graduation in Brazil in the last years, aiming to identify the theoretical origins of the identified pedagogical assumptions. For carrying out the present study there were recurred to primary sources, official documents which explicit the reorientations of health professionals training; ordinances; resolutions; reports; recommendations and official discourses elaborated and divulged by institutions, organs and people, which one way or another, are connected to the discussion of professionals formation which act in health field in Brazil and in the world. The secondary sources used in the course of study are intellectual productions identified as disseminators of the movement which encouraged and still do the change in health graduation based in the adhesion of innovative and intellectual methodologies which analyze the limits of active and non-directive assumptions. Through the systematization and analysis of data it was possible to identify the burden that the international movements, mostly those connected to the discussion of medical education and the role of different international organisms as the OPAS and Kellog foundation had in the disclosure of theoretical-methodological change proposes in professional training in the health field. By analyzing the main initiatives of changes in the health training disclosed in Brazil there were explicit the theoretical and political influences which conducted the Health Ministry to induce the proposes of training backed by innovative/active methodologies, which started to divulge the pedagogical assumptions theoretically connected to the active and non-directive pedagogies. Starting from the assumption that not always what is referred as new is new itself, or brings in it a significant progress related to what has been already established, along to the study of the theoretical-methodological origins of the recommended pedagogical assumptions. We conclude that the pedagogical assumptions divulged may be considered innovations in the context in which they were produced, beginning of the last century, because they constitute answers to the problems faced in the field of education, mostly in the beginning of the last century and which had as main point basic education, notedly, children s education. In the field of health, is not something new, but it is strongly anchored in one of the most advanced movements concerning the field, Preventive Medicine, which since the last century has defended the necessity of change, the curricular readjustment and the incorporation of active methodologies in health training. Currently such assumptions are resignified, losing their original sense.
Objetos virtuais de aprendizagem aplicados ao ensino de física: uma sequência didática desenvolvida e implementada nos conteúdos programáticos de física ondulatória, em turmas regulares do nível médio de escolarização que utilizam um sistema apostilado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-11)
Miranda, Márcio Santos
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Studart Filho, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5264432549302955
The use of digital learning objects (DLO) in the classroom has become more relevant and frequent. Therefore, reflecting on pupils and teacher s attitude, in real-class situations about the insertion of new educational technologies has proved pertinent and up to date. This paperwork presents a didactic sequence about Physics of Waves using mainly PhET Interactive Simulations. The methodological approach is based on the Meaningful Learning Theory by Ausubel and coworkers and the Face-to-Face Collaborative Method developed by Moreira. The sequence was applied in two Physics classes of two different Brazilian High Schools which use a Teaching Structured System. All the activities are designed in the form of a preliminary, Interaction with the DLO, and outcome and planned for double 45-minute classes. The continuous use of Maps of Concepts in order to follow the evolution of concepts understanding of the student has allowed to conclude that there have been effective learning gains in the process of hierarchical organization and relationship between the concepts involved in the Physics of Waves. The work described here has shown that it is possible successfully insert DLO in the regular classrooms of a traditional private school. However, the most important result from this work has been the change in the attitudes of students and teacher and their behavior in the classroom. After this practice, the teacher has planned the classes more carefully, introducing new teaching initiatives, and the students have experienced a more active and protagonist role in the process of knowledge building.
Zéolitas ZSM-12 mesoporosas textura, cristalinidade e atividade ácida para o craqueamento de cicloexano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-12)
Carvalho, Kele Tatiane Gomes
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7263345705541875
The research addressed the generation of mesoporosity in the zeolite ZSM-12 (MTW). In the first part we studied the synthesis of ZSM-12 via conventional methodology and in the presence of a mesopore directing agent, organosilane [3-(Trimethoxy-silyl)propyl] octadecyldimethylammonium chloride (TPOAC). It was verified to influence the TPOAC/SiO2 and H2O/SiO2 ratios and, also the aging of the reaction mixture, temperature and time of the hydrothermal treatment. In the second part we studied the formation of mesoporosity by post-synthesis treatment with alkaline solution (NaOH). For optimization of such treatment the concentration of the NaOH solution and the temperature were varied. The zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance of 27Al, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. By the analyses of X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, we verified a decrease in crystallization kinetics with increasing TPOAC/SiO2 ratio and a tendency for simultaneous crystallization of MFI and MTW phases with increasing H2O/SiO2 ratio, temperature and aging time. It was possible to obtain mesoporous ZSM-12 with high purity and crystallinity with only small quantities of TPOAC and relatively long crystallization times. For ZSM-12 zeolites treated in basic medium, there was the formation of mesopores in the range from 2.9 to 23 nm due to the silicon extraction from the crystalline framework, which caused a decrease in the volume of micropores and an increase in the total acidity, assigned to the decrease in Si/Al ratio. In the cracking of cyclohexane at 400 °C, although the presence of mesoporosity had caused a decrease in the total acidity, the zeolites synthesized with TPOAC showed similar conversions to conventional zeolite with minimal catalytic deactivation, which was attributed to the better mass transfer and less coke formation. The ZSM-12 zeolites treated with NaOH exhibited activity and stability similar to those obtained in the presence of TPOAC. By its higher proportion of strong acid sites, the conventional ZSM-12 zeolite showed higher hydrocarbon yields in the range from C2 to C4 in comparison with the mesoporous zeolites, with the latter showing a higher yield for C6 hydrocarbons.
Programação da produção em sistemas flowshop híbrido com buffers limitados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-12)
Lugo, Pedro Luis Miranda
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Teixeira Junior, Rodolfo Florence
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3984827098999832
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Armentano, Vinicius Amaral
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2731824199139290
This research studies the hybrid flowshop scheduling problem. In this production configuration, we have a set of jobs that has to be processed in a set of stages. At every stage we have a set of parallel machines available to process the jobs. All jobs have to be processed following the same production flow, from the first to the last stage. Every job has to be processed on one machine at each stage and each machine can process at most one job at a time. Some constraints commonly found in real production systems as unrelated parallel machines, limited buffers, sequence-dependent setup times (both anticipatory and non-anticipatory), machine eligibility, transportation times and release times for machines are also taken into account. The optimization criterion is the makespan, whose minimization is related to the efficient use of production resources. A mixed integer programming model is proposed and solved by the commercial solver CPLEX. The computational evaluation results indicate that the model is suitable just to solve instances up to nine jobs and five stages. Therefore, to solve larger instances (50-100 jobs), several heuristics and an iterated local search (ILS) algorithm are proposed and evaluated computationally. The results indicate that the ILS is able to obtain good quality solutions in short computation times.
Síntese por redução carbotérmica assistida por micro-ondas de carbeto de zircônio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-12)
Gaviria, Juan Pablo Yasnó
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Kiminami, Ruth Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643216999108223
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264570604790000
One of the major motivations for the development of new synthesis routes is a continuing need for fast and energy-efficient methods that allow obtaining materials with differentiated technological characteristics and properties. The use of microwaves in materials synthesis has generated great interest in the scientific research due to its speed, simplicity and energy-efficiency. Among different synthesis methods which can be assisted by microwave energy, the carbothermal reduction is the most simple and effective method in ceramic materials production. The conventional carbothermal reduction is used to obtain zirconium carbide (ZrC). In this context, the purpose of this work was to study the synthesis by microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction of ZrC using a mixture of zirconia (ZrO2) and carbon black (C). The synthesis parameters evaluated in this work were: stoichiometry, ZrO2/C-forming process, microwave power, reaction time and pressure of inert gas (argon). Characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the samples synthesized by this method showed that the formation of ZrC phase was enhanced by controlling the following parameters: microwave power and reaction time increases, conservation of theoretical stoichiometry ZrO2/C:1/3, less compression of the pelleted mixture before the reaction and moderate pressure of argon. The samples with the highest ZrC content were characterized by specific surface area (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These characterizations revealed that microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction synthesis produced ZrC samples with average particle size of ~100-200nm, near the nanometer range, homogeneous morphology and reaction time of 30 minutes.
Ecologia das assembleias de peixes do Parque Estadual de Jurupará (PEJU,SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-13)
Teshima, Fernanda Ayumi
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Cetra, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120
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Petrere Junior, Miguel
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/9377772041367252
The general aim of this thesis is to understand the fish assemblages of headwater and small streams of Jurupará State Park, a protected area located in São Paulo State. Located among other four protected areas, the park functions as a connector and contributes to the conservation of the Atlantic Forest and Upper Juquiá River basin, located in the Ribeira de Iguape River basin. Ten stream reaches (3rd to 5th order) were sampled between June and December 2010. Ichthyofauna was collected with electrofishing equipment, while environmental variables were visually quantified during onsite surveys and with cartographic maps of the region. Local environmental variables consisted of coarse substrate, diversity of water velocity, proportion of mesohabitats (i.e., riffles, pools and runs), banks stability and shading. Regional environmental variables consisted of vegetation cover, catchment area, altitude and stream reach position according to sub-basin. Fish assemblages structure analyses according to environmental variables were divided into two chapters, presented as scientific papers. The first chapter analyzed two issues, (i) fish assemblages α and β components and (ii) patterns in species composition according to environmental variables. In order to approach the first issue, we used multiplicative partitioning of true diversities to calculate α and β components and compare them with expected values in a null model. The second issue was approached by reducing the number of environmental variables with PCA and using the most significant gradients as predictor variables in a db-RDA, followed by a species composition variation partitioning according to each significant variable. The α and β components observed were different from expected by chance and the variation in species composition was strongly related to environmental variables operating at different scales. The proportion of coarse substrate and bank stability contributed with 6% of species composition variation, while sub-basin contributed with 10%. Possibly, the low percentage of variation explained by the model can be justified by the scale of the environmental variables. If the structuring of fish assemblages follows the null metacommunity model predictions, then variables related to stream topology and species intrinsic characteristics are more likely to better explain the spatial organization of the fauna. In Chapter II, we used data of occurrence frequency, average abundance and biomass to identify rare and common species of the fish assemblages. Withal, we used linear multiple regression models to analyze the abundance of Isbrueckerichthys epakmos according to local environmental variables. The importance of this species relies on its classification as endemic in Ribeira de Iguape River basin and threatened, according to IUCN criterion. Five species were very abundant and widely distributed in the sampled reaches, including I. epakmos, whose distribution was strongly related to coarse substrate and proportion of riffles and runs. Eight rare species were identified, two of them being also endemic of Ribeira de Iguape River basin, Astyanax ribeirae e Neoplecostomus ribeirensis. The elevated taxonomic and functional diversity observed indicates that the studied streams still hold physical integrity to support the biota and, probably, local ecological processes, despite the presence of impoundments that support four small dams installed inside the park.
Promover a saúde, produzir famílias: a implementação da Estratégia Saúde da Família na Encosta da Serra Gaúcha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-13)
Oliveira, Everton de
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8527667085012809
The Family Health Strategy (FHS) is a health care policy that organizes much of the Primary Care of the Brazilian Health System, called SUS. By standing at a care level that aims a daily relationship with the population, the FHS is critically seen as a policy that segregates distinct social strata, as an instrument of state aimed at containment of a population regarded as poor . In this dissertation, I seek to problematize this issue starting from an ethnography conducted in the city here called São Martinho, situated in the region of Encosta da Serra, northeastern Rio Grande do Sul. Starting from this issue, my research question is: how is FHS constituted? To answer it, my goal is to analyze the process of implementation of the FHS in São Martinho, from a field research conducted between 2011 and 2013. The object of the analysis, thus, is dynamic, meaning that its composition is in motion, as an entanglement of subjects and spaces involved in this process, mapped into three smaller bundles of relationships: 1) concerning the medical care, 2) the assisted residents, and 3) the government and politics. In this dissertation, the description of what constitutes the FHS in this process will not refer to the figure of a state, nor to a system separated from the dynamics of the municipality in question: it will depend on the involvement and relationship of disparate subjects, in a entanglement that do not produces antagonisms, but everyday disputes that redraws its contours. The two basic signs of FHS, health and family, will also be the main object in dispute.
Compósito de poliuretano elastomérico reforçado com fibra de juta: estudo das propriedades dinâmico-mecânicas e viscoelásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-13)
Oliveira, Robson Morijo de
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0811022650758269
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Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
Composite technology of a polymer matrix reinforced with artificial fibers, like fiberglass, Kevlar, carbon, etc., has become specialty in recent times moved by advances in technology in some sectors such as automotive and aerospace. The composites already have come a long way in replacing conventional materials like metals and Woods. However with the goal to reduce costs and provide a sustainable growth, science has directed his attention in reinforced compounds with renewable material such as natural fibers. In this work, a study was conducted of the dynamic behavior-mechanical and thermodynamic transitions of second order, as is the case of the glass transition temperature, matrix composite polyurethane elastomers with jute fiber reinforcement. The relaxation that occurs in glassy transition region, also called primary relaxation or relaxation α to amorphous polymers, molecular movements resulting from long distances, involving the main polymer chain segments. The matrix was formed by a MDI-BDO system provided by the company Metso Brazil, PU Division. Metso Brazil manufactures PU screens used in crushing sieves in the mining industry, and this work studied replacing the pure PU fiber by composite reinforced with jute. The material was prepared in an open heated to 100º C with controlled temperature, the system was synthesized in a mixer pre-polymer ratio automatic PU of Baulé on following conditions: MDI, 45º C to 9.5 bar; BDO, 45 C 5.7 bar and D20, 69 C a11 .2 bar. For the characterization of mechanical properties of composite dynamic-mechanical analysis was performed in tension in a temperature range of 35 to 160° C and bending creep. The results showed that the composite had formed showed lower creep deformation in bending test compared to pure polyurethane, but higher strain compared to the composite fiberglass. The flexural modulus (E ') of jute fiber composite showed a higher value at higher temperatures than the unreinforced material. The composi
O trabalho nas cozinhas de unidades escolares: impactos sobre a saúde das merendeiras em escola municipal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-14)
Coimbra, Fabiano Bueno
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Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5183162360533455
This work aims to understand the activity of people who work in food preparation at school from an understanding of the factors that influence and determine that work. The need arose from the demand of the city of São Carlos, which identified several problems faced by employees who perform the function of cook staff, problems that resulted in several complaints and absenteeism due to health problems in developing the activities and productivity. As a working methodology a case study was used through a set of data collected from a municipal school unit of São Carlos, and using methodological fundamentals of Ergonomic Work Analysis, the presented work situation was analyzed based on the fundamentals of ergonomics and situated criteria workplaces. The results are expected to generate a set of inferences and knowledge in order to serve as a basis for designing and dimensioning units of food and nutrition in public schools.
Síntese e avaliação da atividade biológica de alcaloides e derivados n-heterociclos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-14)
Duarte, Patricia Domingos
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7086364518205814
4-Quinolinone derivatives and hydantoins are important classes of cyclic nitrogen compounds which have very interesting biological activity against a variety of biological targets. Phytochemical studies of plants of the genus Dictyoloma, guided by in vitro bioassays, led to the isolation of three new 4-quinolinone alkaloids, the dictyolomides A and B and 6- methoxydictyolomide, which showed good activity against Leishmania. The absolute configuration of the natural dictyolomides is still unkown. This work aimed the asymmetric synthesis of these alkaloids. In order to introduce the enantiomeric enriched side chains in the 4-quinolinone core, some synthetic routes have been tested employing organometallic chemistry, among other techniques. A series of 4-quinolinone derivatives was also synthesized, using methods described in the literature, especially the one described by Ding et al., in which it uses microwave irradiation. The study of the synthesis of hydantoin derivatives was also performed using microwave irradiation as a source of energy. New organocatalysts were tested in order to obtain new amino acid derivatives which would be employed as starting materials in the synthesis of hydantoins. The synthesized compounds were submitted to bioassays focus on antiparasitic activity and enzyme inhibition. The result obtained with 4- quinolinone derivatives against proliferation of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi showed that the compounds possess in general better leishmanicidal than trypanocidal activity. Nevertheless, two of the synthesized compounds showed an excellent trypanocidal activity, even better than the standard, benznidazole. The 4- quinolinones have also shown good inhibitory activity against cathepsin L and V enzymes.
A democracia no pensamento político dos comunistas brasileiros (1979-1983)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-17)
Ramos, Carlos Alexandre
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0352823597245001
This research investigates the "democratic issue" in the political thought of the Brazilian communists. Examines how it was conceived and treated inside and around the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) over his career, with greater interest in the period between 1979 and 1983. Seeks to demonstrate the existence of a process of emergence of "democratic issue" with its shift to the centrality of this thought. This process has been accompanied by a redefinition of the concept of democracy as the basis of their political practice. Besides extensive bibliography, sources surveyed are classified basically into three types: a) party documents, such as resolutions, reports and notes, b) publications linked to the party, such as newspapers and magazines c) theoretical production of "organic intellectuals "Party. The first chapter recalls the genesis of this thinking, identifying it in the 1940s, The second chapter discusses the formulation of the "new politics" of the PCB from 1956 with the process of "de- Stalinization" which culminates in the document known as the Declaration of March 1958. The third chapter seeks to demonstrate the "change" that suffers this thought in the "decisive moment" between 1979 and 1980, analyzing the influence of theoretical and political authors as Lukacs and Gramsci and movement Eurocommunist and also the effects of the split between Luiz Carlos Prestes and PCBs. The fourth chapter deals with the expression of this "new" thinking between 1980 and 1983, especially in the way he was treated in the newspaper Voice of Unity. The results indicate some "traces" fundamental outlined this "democratic thought." As an expression of "continuity" in relation to the genesis and development identifies the continuing design politicist understood as choice of institutional policy, the defense reiterated the broad front multiclassist and multiparty, processes Constituents and participation in elections. As expressions of "breaks" (or attempted breaches), identifies the distance of dual loyalty towards the "matrix Soviet Marxism" and how they sought to assimilate and adapt to changes in the country's political agenda, which was characterized in the last decades by a significant change in the correlation strength on the one hand, between economics and politics, and on the other, between state and society, especially the appreciation of "civil society".
Estudo comparativo de indicadores de saúde bucal em modelos assistenciais da Atenção Básica de São Carlos/SP a partir do SIA-SUS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-17)
Magri, Laís Valencise
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Silva, Geovani Gurgel Aciole da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6146469366214279
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0408259619288134
The planning and evaluation of oral health practices are essential in the context of primary care. In this sense, the oral health indicators are important instruments for quantitative analysis, which can be used with these purposes. The aim of this study was to compare four oral health indicators [Income Indicator (II) Attrition (AI), Modified Prevention Emphasis (MPEI), Indicator Value Restoration / Extraction (IVRE), and the Relationship First Consultation/Urgency (RFCU)] in the Family Health Units (FHU) and Basic Health Units (BHU) in São Carlos/SP, in the period 2008-2011. Study participants were 15 FHU and 11 BHU. The data of the dental procedures performed were extracted from the Outpatient Information System (SIA-SUS) and the indicators were calculated according Narvai (1996). Statistical analysis was performed by Mann- Whitney test, adopting a significance level of 5%. The average (standard deviation) of II, AI, MPEI, IVRE and RFCU during the study period were, respectively, 20 (10.9), 7.5 (17.8), 0.06 (0.24); 5.2 (1.4), 0.7 (0.6) to BHU and 18.2 (12.2), 13.1 (20.1), 0.12 (0.33); 4.7 (2.1), 0.3 (0.5) for the FHU. Significant differences (p <0.05) were observed for IVRE and RFCU. It can be concluded that although BHU have shown a better performance than the FHU in São Carlos, in the period studied, the results also indicated a strengthening process of the Family Health Strategy. MPEI, AI and RFCU showed unsatisfactory results, pointing to the difficulty in implementing prevention and health promotion, difficulty in reaching the target audience and dental care focused on emergency and curative procedures. IVRE and II showed the best results, indicating high productivity in terms of dental care and a model focused on conservative practices.
Produção de penicilina G acilase por organismos geneticamente modificados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-09-17)
Escallón, Ana María Vélez
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0003899410308014
Penicillin G acilase (PGA) is a key enzyme in the industrial production of β-lactamic antibiotics. In this work, it was studied the production of PGA from Escherichia coli by recombinant E. coli and from Bacillus megaterium by recombinant B. megaterium. In E. coli, the enzyme accumulates in the periplasmic cell space, B. megaterium secretes PGA, what may reduce downstream costs. With E.coli, the study has begun at the expression step. Using a donated recombinant microorganism, it was studied, in shake flasks cultures, the influence of temperature (ranging from 18 to 28°C) during induction phase in the PGA production. High level expression of PGA E. coli was detected at 20°C, which was 4-fold superior than the volumetric enzymatic activity reached at 28°C. Fed-batch cultures were conducted with glycerol as carbon source, using both defined and complex media as well as IPTG and lactose as inducers. Final biomass concentrations of 100 gDCW/L and 120 gDCW/L and enzymatic activity 210000 and 80000 IU/L were achieved, for complex and defined media, respectively. The study with B. megaterium was initiated isolating the pac gene, encoding for PGA from B. megaterium ATCC14945, which was after cloned into the pLipAhp expression plasmid, together with the promoter gene and a gene codifying antibiotic resistance. This construct (pga-pLipAhp) was used to transform three different B. megaterium strain protoplasts, aiming studies to determine the best expression host in terms of PGA production. The tested strains, B. megaterium PV361, QM B1551 and ATCC 14945, have respectively shown about 95%, 95% and 10% plasmidial stability, after eight consecutive growths. The best PGA production was detected in PV361. Study of thermal and pH stability with the purified enzyme showed that PGA has a half-life of 5 min at 60° C, 20 min at 50° C, keeping 100% of activity for 1h at pH 10.0 and up to 8 h at pH 5.0. The values of temperature and pH for maximum PGA activity are 37° C and 8.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable at least for 5 hours in these conditions, with Michaelis-Menten estimated as Km=8.8 μM. A systematic study was developed to search the best condition to obtain the highest level of B.megaterium PGA production by recombinant B.megaterium. Media compositions for biomass and PGA production were evaluated using a genetic algorithm. The screening was carried out in 96 microtiter deep well plates, starting as a minimal medium and studying the concentration of 12 defined components. In 7 generations, 240 different kinds of media were tested for production and secretion and a 10-fold increase in PGA production and 5-fold increase in biomass compared to the previously used minimal medium could be achieved. It was scaled-up to shaker flasks obtaining 3-fold in PGA production and 1.8-fold in biomass. Later, it was scaled-up to bioreactors obtaining 3-fold in biomass and 8-fold in PGA production. Using glycerol as carbon source, it was tested different complex amino acids sources, using flask cultures. The best medium was scale-up in a 5 L bioreactor, in a batch culture with pulses. The highest production of PGA of recombinant B. megaterium achieved was 105600 IU/L and 36 gDCW/L.