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Análise reflexiva da produção participativa e da dimensão crítica de materiais de educação ambiental no contexto de bacias hidrográficas no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-04)
Figueiredo, Andréia Nasser
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Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1512617583290864
Participation, as one of the assumptions of a critical and emancipatory Environmental Education, is essential to promote the meeting of people with different knowledges that create a new knowledge, that is the dialogue.Starting from concrete experiences and seeking to substantiate them, this study aims to understand how the processes of participatory elaboration of materials with the context of Hydrographical Basins contributes to the critical educational process ( involving three dimensions : knowledge, ethical and aesthetic values and political participation ) for the proposed theme and the concept of participation, to contribute to consideration of new processes. From five interviews, the first step to answer our purpose was to analyze the participatory methodological approaches, degrees and concepts of participation and identifiable complex concept Basin in these processes. The development of materials based on the concept of participation is an alternative to overcome the linear view and simplifying the understanding of environmental issues and allows for a critical understanding of the environment and their interrelationships. The socioenvironmental issues may generate a critical and boost the subjects to participate, acting on a broader field, in decision making, as a way of strengthening their citizenship through dialogue in reflective action. The materials bring one of the most prominent themes of the present time, namely the management of water in the context of watersheds or hydrological basins. The holistic concept of basins can help the educational process as a means of integrating the collective. And, in this sense, the materials elaboration through participative methodologies represents a constitutive process to the remaking of the relationship between society and environment, and represents an act of citizen participation. When we understand that the major product of the process is the shaping experience and not only the materials, we understand the importance of encouraging participative methodologies. Furthermore, we believe that a good practice that should be assumed by a/one educator/environmental educator when facing a new process of developing materials based on the evaluation is guided by similar materials. The second stage of the research resulted from analysis of seven materials, resulting from projects systematized interviews, aiming the occurrence of the three dimensions of educational practice which we consider inseparable in an effective work of Environmental Education. The exercise of reflection on past experience provides the teacher/educator the opportunity to learn and not to stumble on the same obstacles encountered by other/the educators/s, thus avoiding presenting the same weaknesses. We understand that this reflection brings methodological contributions to research in environmental education, while, at some point, innovates to analyze and reflect on participation, a concept that permeates the educational action critique, and on the concept and theme Hydrographical Basins. A reflective analysis of the processes of development and some aspects of the materials showed that we deem interesting for the field, and so we gathered in ten guidelines for the participatory preparation of materials to support environmental education. The importance of having guidelines is to support the initiative to the dialogue and to the transforming actions.
Concretos refratários espinelizados : projeto da microestrutura e análise da corrosão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-04)
Sako, Eric Yoshimitsu
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8928860067817842
The addition of magnesium-aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) in refractories for secondary steel refining has been considered for years one of the more feasible alternatives to reduce the corrosive wear imposed by the aggressive steel ladle environment. Nonetheless, the corrosion resistance of spinel refractory castables is still not fully understood, mainly regarding to the influence of chemical and microstructural characteristics of such materials. This aspect is basically related to: 1) the limited knowledge on the castable microstructural evolution with temperature and, 2) the usual evaluation of commercial products with unknown compositions. In order to overcome this drawback, the main objective of the present project is to understand the microstructural behavior of spinel refractories during sintering and, as a consequence, how the generated microstructure interacts with basic slags at high temperatures. The slag penetration into these materials was clearly associated not only with the sort of incorporated spinel (pre-formed or in situ), but mainly to the previous location of crystals of an additional phase, the calcium hexaluminate (CaO.Al2O3 - CA6) one. When present at the border of the aggregates, CA6 grains provide a suitable protection of the castable structure during the interaction with molten slag, suppressing further infiltrations. Additionally, materials with reduced apparent porosity and average pore size also presented high corrosion resistance. Based on this information, high performance refractories were obtained by a better raw materials selection procedure. The colloidal alumina addition, for instance, resulted in a microstructure with favorable physical aspects, whereas the presence of in situ spinel led to CA6 further generation at target locations. The attained results disclose novel opportunities to produce refractory castable with excellent corrosion resistance, which may reduce the failures rate during operation and increase the steel ladle productivity.
Áreas verdes ocupadas: realocação dos moradores ou urbanização? estudo de caso no município de Votorantim-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-07)
Savella, Elzo
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Pagani, Maria Inez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7524778123773562
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9112446766242372
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Mariano, Neusa de Fátima
Open spaces for public use, the green spaces include squares, public gardens, urban parks and areas with woody vegetation. In this work the object of study are the woody vegetation areas intended for environmental and recreational purposes. In the municipality of Votorantim/SP there are 133 spaces that fit in this concept, while 20 were occupied by people looking for housing space. As a result some questions arise. The first is about the appropriate use of these spaces. The second is how to solve the problem of precarious housing in these areas: residents should be relocated and the areas should be recovered, or the residents should remain in the urbanized area? Two experiments are models. In the first, the residents remained on the place which was urbanized. In the second, residents were relocated in the same neighborhood and the area was recovered. At the end of the study we consider that the main cause of the problem of the occupation of the green spaces are the lack of policies that would define the destinations of these spaces, and that in cases of occupation solutions should be analyzed respecting the communities territory. Thus the ideal solution, relocation of the families and recovering of the green space, is not always the one that best serves the community.
De escuro a escuro: terra, trabalho e memória nikkei no município de Lucélia-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-07)
Hasegawa, Aline Yuri
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Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5445719339415235
Esta investigación se dedica a analizar las consecuencias de la expansión de la agroindustria de caña de azúcar sobre la pequeña producción agricola en el municipio de Lucélia-SP. La perspectiva de la comunidade nikkei acerca de este proceso proporcionó las bases materiales - entrevistas, visitas, el compartir sus memorias y emociones - a partir de las cuales emprendemos análisis respecto a la relación con la tierra; a las formas de resistencia de un modo de vida rural; a la experiencia inmigratoria; y a las estrategias familiares. Elementos que informan la constitución de una subjetividad basada en elementos identitarios étnicos que, como apuntados por los sujetos de esta investigación, hacen frente a la recurrente amenaza de subsunción de sus especificidades al capital colonizador. La metodología elaborada para esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal hacer un cruce entre los vários niveles de la análisis sociológica: desde las estrategias de los sujetos envolucrados en los procesos sociales, de que manera ellos articulan y elaboran sus memorias y proyectos a fin de hacer frente a la contingencia del cotidiano; hasta el análisis de las formas más amplias de la reproducción del capital por el territorio. Articulamos, de esa manera, la memoria a la tierra, síntesis que, profundamente informa en que base se asenta el modo de vida rural y proponemos la narrativa cartográfica como el resultado de ese cruce. Así, precisamente en la fusión de la cartografía y de la historia oral, condensamos lo que nombramos narrativa cartográfica. De cierta manera, confiamos que ellas facilitan y potencian la comprensión y visualización de la cuestión planteada en esta pesquisa. De ese modo, todo este texto, al hacerse en la frontera de diversas áreas, dialoga con diferentes corrientes de pensamiento y por eso, recurre a fuentes tan heterodoxas para hacerse posible. También enfrenté el desafío teórico-metodológico de trabajar con una comunidad de la cual soy parte, discusión que también fue enfrentada en este texto. Entrevistas, observación participante, fotografías, levantamiento cartográfico, documentos históricos y textos acadêmicos historiográficos fueron, principalmente, los elementos que alimentaron los análisis aqui emprendidos. Apresentamos, por fin, un texto permeado por la narrativa de la experiencia del establecimiento de auténticas relaciones de conocimiento con los interlocutores.
A flecha mata porque tem vida: um estudo etnográfico sobre os artefatos de caça dos Gavião Ikólóéhj
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-08)
Bento, Rodolpho Claret
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Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3283988707462852
This work aims to elucidate the relationships the Gavião people of Rondônia engaged when manufacturing and using of hunting artefacts. From an ethnographic approach, I explore pertinent notions to comprehend the agency of warfare objects, hunters, dogs, and enunciations in hunting activity. I develop a parallel between the manufacturing of artefacts bodies and the constitution of artifactual anatomies of men, wishing problematize how encounters between bodies and materials (or substances) conforms the effectiveness of hunters and their hunting instruments. If into Gavião s discourse the arrow kills because has life , I propose to think what is that concept of vitality and the relationships produced about this assumption. It is a challenge outlined by a biographical study of the hunting artefacts, that is presented as an interlacement of vital forces in the interactions between humans, animals, spirits and objects.
Aplicando princípios de aprendizado de máquina na construção de um biocurador automático para o Gene Ontology (GO)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-08)
Amaral, Laurence Rodrigues do
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Hruschka Júnior, Estevam Rafael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2097340857065853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6978567037098928
Nowadays, the amount of biological data available by universities, hospitals and research centers has increased exponentially due the use of bioinformatics, with the development of methods and advanced computational tools, and high-throughput techniques. Due to this significant increase in the amount of available data, new strategies for capture, storage and analysis of data are necessary. In this scenario, a new research area is developing, called biocuration. The biocuration is becoming a fundamental part in the biological and biomedical research, and the main function is related with the structuration and organization of the biological information, making it readable and accessible to mens and computers. Seeking to support a fast and reliable understanding of new domains, different initiatives are being proposed, and the Gene Ontology (GO) is one of the main examples. The GO is one the main initiatives in bioinformatics, whose main goal is to standardize the representation of genes and their products, providing interconnections between species and databases. Thus, the main objective of this research is to propose a computational architecture that uses principles of never-ending learning to help biocurators in new GO classifications. Nowadays, this classification task is totally manual. The proposed architecture uses semi-supervised learning combining different classifiers used in the classification of new GO samples. In addition, this research also aims to build high-level knowledge in the form of simple IF-THEN rules and decision trees. The generated knowledge can be used by the GO biocurators in the search for important patterns present in the biological data, revealing concise and relevant information about the application domain.
Influência da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono sobre os aspectos funcionais e inflamatórios de indivíduos com osteoartrite de joelho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-08)
Mello, Andressa da Silva de
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Rosa, Stela Márcia Mattiello Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7852712014105032
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the major health problems and its prevalence has increased in recent decades as well, has been associated with sleep disturbances. It has been shown that chronic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is related to osteoarthritis, and sleep disturbances that may modify the physical and functional aspects of the disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to evalueted the influence of OSA on knee extensor torque, pain, stiffness, physical function, neuromuscular control and the inflammatory response in men with knee OA in early grades. Methods: The study included 60 male volunteers, aged between 40 and 70 years, divided into four groups: G1 (n=15): without OA and without OSA; G2 (n=15): without OA and with OSA; G3 (n=15): with OA and without OSA; G4 (n=15): with OA and with OSA. All volunteers were examined x-ray knee, polysomnography, responded to the WOMAC questionnaire and performed the test on the isokinetic dynamometer for evaluation of the peak knee extensor torque isometric (60º), concentric and eccentric (90°/s and 180º/s) and submaximal strength test, and blood was collected from the antecubital fossa for analysis of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β). Comparisons of means were performed using General Linear Model. Results: For data on the sleep pattern, volunteers showed differences between groups for stage 1, and the G2 and G4 showed a higher percentage of stage 1 when compared with the G1. The number of awakenings was higher in G4, which significantly differed from G1, and the same happened to differ from G1 to G2 . Regarding data WOMAC (pain, stiffness, physical function) can be observed that for all domains G4 showed higher values for the groups G1 and G2. For the knee extensor torque evaluations isometric and concentric isokinetic was observed at lower values compared to G4 and G2 with G1. However for the fluctuation of submaximal strength we found no difference between groups. In the analysis of inflammatory markers found reduced levels of TGF-β in G2 and G4 compared with G1, however for the other cytokines we found no difference between groups. Conclusion: We conclude that OSA influenced extensor torque isometric, concentric, in pain, stiffness, physical function and TGF-β, however, no influence on neuromuscular control and the other inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) in patients with OA in degrees initial, demonstrating that, as in the initial degree of OA the OSA may promote some inflammatory and functional changes in this population.
Filogenia molecular e diversificação das arraias de ferrão de água doce (Família Potamotrygonidae) na América do Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-09)
Ribeiro, Daniel Toffoli
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Hrbek, Tomas
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0061768416354988
The network of South American rivers network has experienced deep changes during Late Miocene through Pleistocene, including major marine transgressions, Andean uplift driving drainage changes, and changes in eustatic level. After a marine transgression during Late Miocene in northwest South America, the ancestor of freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae) adapted to the freshwater environment. Since then, the group has diversified while colonizing new drainage networks, given rise to new phenotypes and diet preferences. There are currently 24 species described, a number that will certainly rise once new species already known are described and new geographical regions are sampled. In the present work, I present a phylogeny for the Potamotrygonidae family based on molecular markers, with estimates of age and statistical tests of changes in rates of diversification while also testing for the occurrence of hybridization among some species of the family. The pattern of diversification in time and space was interpreted in light of major paleogeographical events that shaped drainage networks in South America during the Neogene, Mitochondrial and nuclear data corroborate the hypothesis of family origin in northwest South America around 25 Million years ago (MYA), after a major marine transgression, in a time when the Andes was not a topographic barrier between the Caribbean Sea and coastal regions. After those hydrographic basins were differentially colonized, whereas lineages that given rise to the genera Heliotrygon and Plesiotrygon possibly originated in the Pebas System, the lineage that gave rise to Potamotrygon probably was restricted to the region that is now the upper Negro river/Orinoco/Essequibo. After the inversion of the proto-Amazonas direction from East-West to West-East and reorganization of drainages, the Potamotrygon stingrays colonized both West portions of the Amazon Basin, previously occupied by Pebas megawetlands, and an Eastern portion, previously isolated by the Purus Arch. Contrary to the more accepted hypothesis, the estimated speciation ages suggest that this reorganization occurred around 3 MYA. Alternatively, the inversion of proto- Amazonas may have occurred earlier but the Negro river basin was kept isolated from the Amazon Basin at least as long to prevent stingrays dispersion. Following the reorganization of the drainages, a group of Potamotrygon named spotocellated underwent an increase in speciation rate – a radiation – as new regions were colonized. Upstream colonization of Crystalline Shields probably occurred in periods of higher eustatic level at the end of Pliocene, followed by vicariance after reduction of water levels.The Paraguai-lower Paraná basin was probably colonized at this same time, after headwater capture between Paraguai and Amazon Basins driven by foredeep formation. During the radiation, extensive hybridization took place among species of the spot-ocellated group.
Fotoluminescência dos compostos (Ba1-xSrx)MoO4 sintetizados com diferentes solventes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-15)
Nogueira, Içamira Costa
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3975661240854486
The molybdates with scheelite-type tetragonal structure is a family of inorganic materials that has received considerable attention since the discovery of their luminescent properties, with emission in the visible spectral region. In this work, barium strontium molybdate crystals, (Ba1-xSrx)MoO4, with the compositions (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1) were synthesized by co-precipitation method (drop by drop) in the presence of various solvents (water, 1,4-butanediol and diethylene glycol butyl ether) . The crystals obtained were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, M- Raman spectroscopy (M- Raman) and Fourier transform infrared (FT -IR) spectroscopy. The shape and size of the crystals were observed by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE -SEM). The optical properties were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV Vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The XRD patterns, M- Raman and FT- IR spectra showed that all crystals are monophasic with a scheelite-type tetragonal structure, belonging to the space group I41/a. The lattice parameters and atomic positions obtained by Rietveld refinement were employed to molding [BaO8], [SrO8] and [MoO4] clusters into the tetragonal lattice. The microscopy images showed that (Ba1-xSrx)MoO4 crystals with different concentrations (x) and synthesized with different solvents showed changes in size (micro and nanocrystals) and the shape (octahedron, flowers, balls and rods) crystals. Photoluminescent emission at room temperature in different regions of maximum intensity was assigned to different densities of intermediate electron levels (deep and shallow) located within the band gap as a consequence of the degree of order-disorder structural in the crystal lattice and defects on the surface of crystals. Finally, we discussed possible mechanisms to explain the behavior photoluminescent.
Síntese e ativação superficial de novos suportes magnéticos para imobilização de enzimas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-16)
Kopp, Willian
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695542424889786
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3856554957880380
Enzymes are potent catalysts, but operationally fragile, expensive and soluble. Industrial applications of enzymes, often, are possible only using immobilized enzyme. Nowadays, various studies have been performed aiming to immobilize enzymes onto magnetic carriers, which allow the selective recovery of the derivative by applying an external magnetic field even in complex reaction media containing other suspended solids. There are many studies using magnetic carriers in enzymes immobilization procedures, however there are no commercially available enzymes immobilized onto magnetic materials. In these studies usually are used carriers with not ideal characteristics for applications in industrial processes. The present study aimed to develop new magnetic carriers and methods for immobilization of enzymes in these carriers, penicillin G acylase (PGA) and cellulases have been used as model enzymes. The thesis was divided into five parts, in the first part (Chapter 1) the state-of-art is presented. The second part (Chapter 2) describes the synthesis of magnetic carriers robust, cheap and with good characteristics for applications in bioprocesses. For this purpose were tested the synthesis of silica magnetic microparticles (SMMps) in water-in-oil micro-emulsion using sodium silicate as silica source and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic core. Materials with good magnetic properties, high surface area and mesoporous structure were obtained. SMMps structure was characterized, it was possible to control the final structure of the material according to the synthesis conditions. In the third part of this study (Chapter 3) was evaluated a new concept in enzymes immobilization using magnetic materials. Magnetic tags were co-aggregated with PGA and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, producing magnetic cross-linked enzymes aggregates (M-CLEAs). Several reaction conditions were tested producing M-CLEAs with different characteristics and strong response to external magnetic fields. Derivatives with good recovered activity and increased thermal and methanol 50% (v/v) stabilities were obtained. M-CLEAs presented superior performance, in comparison with the free enzyme, in penicillin G hydrolysis experiments, being reused for three reaction cycles without loss of activity. In the fourth part of this study (Chapter 4) the immobilization of the Trichoderma reesei cellulolytic complex onto 17 carriers using 60 different immobilization conditions was evaluated. Covalent methods to cellulases immobilization resulted in total loss of the enzymatic activity. The immobilization by adsorption allowed preserving a portion of the enzymatic activity, however, the enzyme was desorbed from the carrier with the increase in the ionic strength. The best results were achieved for adsorption in MANAE-agarose followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Hydrolysis experiments using insoluble substrates showed that it is possible to hydrolyze such substrates even using immobilized enzyme onto porous carriers. The derivative was reused for ten reaction cycles (hydrolysis of filter paper) saving more than 90% of its activity. Finally, in Chapter 5, the T. reesei cellulolytic complex was immobilized by adsorption onto SMMp activated with amino groups followed by glutaraldehyde cross-linking achieving good results in terms of recovered activity.
Desenvolvimento de método analítico por cromatografia líquida para determinação de impurezas no iodixanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-17)
Rondon, Bruno Doratioto
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
This work describes for the first time an isocratic method in a single analytical run to quantify deacetyl iodixanol (iodixanol related compound C), iopentol (iodixanol related compound D) and cyclized iodixanol (iodixanol related compound E), as impurities in iodixanol. Iodixanol is a drug substance, dimeric, nonionic, water-soluble, used as a radiographic contrast medium, which is administered by intravascular injection. The impurities A and B were not evaluated in this work, since they are not commercially available as standards. The method was also validated for the quantitative assay, since there is no chromatographic method described in the current USP compendium for the assay. The impurities can be formed during the synthesis process of iodixanol, and it is important to quantify them due to their related toxicity. In this work, the reverse and hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) modes of elution were evaluated. The hydrophilic elution mode was selected due to good efficiency and selectivity. In both modes of elution, columns having the technology fused-core were used, since they demonstrate high efficiency due to their better mass transfer in comparison to conventional HPLC columns. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a kinetex® HILIC column (150 x 4.6 mm; 2.6 μm) at 20 °C using acetonitrile-formic acid (pH 3.2; 1.0 mmol L-1) (92:08, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The compounds were monitored at 243 nm and the total time of analysis was 45 min. The method was validated in accordance with the current ICH guidelines for determination of impurities which include selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limits of quantification and detection and robustness. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.479; 0.0606 and 0.133 μg/mL for the impurities C, D and E, respectively. Furthermore, the validated methods were tested in iodixanol samples. The test results of the analyses of impurities and assay in those samples are presented and discussed accordingly.
A construção de mundos online: uma análise da comunidade de fãs de Lost, Darkufo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-17)
Trento, Francisco Beltrame
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Massarolo, João Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399881805812837
This dissertation aims to analyze the world-building process as spaces of transmidiatic communication. We listed information from the distinct media utilized on the development of the TV series Lost, including it internal narrative complexity. We studied and classified distinct factors that congregated the user interaction in an online community. We investigated the conditions of meaning production and the discursive and ideological formations enounced in a complex system of communicational interaction. We also observed how the authorfunction acts in collaborative ambient from the web 2.0. This research is qualitative and exploratory, and examines the Darkufo online community, constituted by users that were fans of the TV-series Lost. Based on the netnographic methodology and using the discourse analysis studies, we tried to systematize the processes that involve users and the online community interactive ambient.
Projeto Canadá: seletividades e redes de imigrantes brasileiros qualificados em Toronto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-17)
Sega, Rodrigo Fessel
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Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1375808875370802
The focus of this work is Brazilians who migrated to the city of Toronto, Canada, through government programs to attract skilled labor from the Canadian government. This dissertation examines the relationship between skilled migration and social networks from fieldwork conducted in the city of Toronto between December 2011 and June 2012. Sought to understand how the migration process occurs, as potential migrants are actual migrants, from analyzing the decision to migrate and move to Toronto to adaptation processes in the destination society. From ethnography, participant observation and semistructured interviews with these Brazilian immigrants, we see how the internet and communications technologies are important mediators of this process, the creation of social networks and integration in existing networks. The profile of skilled labor bounded by the Canadian government was also analyzed in comparison to the profile of Brazilians who actually migrate, generating different modes of insertion in Canadian society. These paths and trajectories were analyzed from the theory of social networks and understood as adaptation strategies of immigrants. Different social groups and networks are formed in this process, including connecting individuals who intend to migrate, even in Brazil. Finally, gender differences were important in this process, they produced deferent types of networks and marked paths of women and men in the adaptation process in the city, having booked a chapter to this discussion.
Produção de hidrogênio por reforma a vapor e oxidativa do etanol utilizando óxidos do tipo perovskita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-17)
Garcia, Silmara Rodrigues
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8510190431071866
This paper assesses the catalytic activities of LaCoO3 perovskite towards the steam reforming oxidative reaction of ethanol . Due to the low surface area which is commonly found on perovskite-type oxides , these were supported onAl2O3 , ZrO2 and ZrO2-Al2O3. The unsupported catalysts were prepared by precipitation and citrate methods whilst the supported catalysts were prepared by deposition -precipitation . The techniques employed to characterize the solids were: X -ray diffraction by the powder method (DRX) , X-Ray Fluorescence (FRX) Programmed Temperature Reduction with H2 (RTP-H2) Nitrogen Adsorption by B.E.T. method, X-ray Diffraction in situ, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, hydrogen desorption at programmed temperature TPD-H2 and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The preparation of the catalysts by precipitation and citrate routes proved to be efficient to obtain the perovskite type oxides .The supported catalysts showed surface area values larger than the unsupported ones, as there was the formation of other oxidase phases due to stand- perovskite or metal support interactions , as observed by the decreasing of reduction degree , through RTP analysis .The unsupported catalysts calcined at 700 , 800 and 900 ° C presented the best activity for oxidative reforming reaction than the supported ones. These, in turn, showed better catalytic activity towards the oxidative reforming reaction in relation to steam reforming of ethanol. By the X-ray Diffraction analysis in situ performed during the RTP-H2 and reaction tests, it was observed that the 20LaCoO3/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by method 2 - deposition -precipitation - showed lower size of crystallite of cobalt during the steam reforming reactions and oxidation in situ, therefore suggesting a better metal dispersion . The unsupported LaCoO3 catalyst prepared by precipitation method and calcined at 700ºC showed less coke formation towards the oxidative reaction of reforming of ethanol . Among the supported compounds the 20LaCoO3/ZrO2 showed the lowest coke formation in the same reaction. The analysis of scanning electron microscopy performed after the oxidative reaction, Raman spectroscopy the and Thermogravimetric Analysis, suggests that the unsupported LaCoO3 catalyst prepared by precipitation and calcined at 700ºC and the supported 20LaCoO3/ZrO2 catalyst showed lower carbon formation.
Mudanças na medição de desempenho após adoção de práticas de sustentabilidade: estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-18)
Yagasaki, Cintia Akemi
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Martins, Roberto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0806629137670595
Issues related to sustainability have grown in importance for society, organizations, government and consumers and is one of the main changes that have been affecting the business environment. Companies seek to adapt themselves to meet internal and external pressures, hence, including sustainability represents more than an impact on the management of these organizations, for example in the performance measurement since new sustainability practices need to be followed and monitored. However this relationship between sustainability and performance measurement is little discussed in the literature. Thus, the aim of the research was to investigate how the adoption of sustainability practices acted as an inductor of change in performance measurement systems (PMS) of companies with sustainable practices. To this end two case studies were conducted in companies belonging to the Guia Exame de Sustentabilidade ranking, as these companies are recognized for already have sustainable practices in their operations. The research techniques used were semi-structured interview, consult to documents, and direct observation. Although the companies have different operating characteristics this diversity is not decisive in the changes observed in their PMS with the implementation of sustainability practices. It can be observed that in both companies there were impacts on the characteristics, the roles and processes of performance measurement systems. More specifically, changes can be observed in performance measures, the way of communication the results and information management.
Construção de uma proposta de formação continuada para professores de classe hospitalar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-18)
Mazer-Gonçalves, Sheila Maria
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Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5190185576794359
This qualitative study of phenomenological basis, involves continuing education for teachers of Class Hospital. Aims to build, implement and evaluate, with the teacher 's Hospital Class, a proposal for continuing education to reframe the teaching practice in the educational space. Two teachers participated in a press conference audio-recorded with the core issues, which promoted the description of their practice in Hospital Class, signaling that knowledge could enhance the performance. The interview was transcribed and passed to the data analysis according to the methodology of phenomenological investigation. In a second stage of the research, we implemented a continuing education program for teachers Class Hospital. Monthly meetings were marked with two hours, in a Municipal Hospital in São Paulo. The meetings were described in a field notebook for further discussion of the data. Finally, by means of a written questionnaire, the teachers made the bid evaluation and the contribution of continuing education in pedagogical practice in Hospital Class. It can be considered that the interview was the initial prime importance to understand the knowledge and practices that teachers have in their Class Hospital pedagogical work at the hospital. Thus, it was possible to seek subsidies to build the proposed intervention, since the teachers themselves pointed out that it would be important to be worked on in-service training. The work of the researcher in organizing training meetings, within Class Hospital where they operate, from texts, videos and dynamic content which concerned the themes selected by the teachers can be considered a suitable design to think about ongoing education. At the end of the training process, it was revealed that the teachers were able to reframe the actions and pedagogical practices of the Hospital Class , reflecting on past experiences and imposing changes in teaching strategies and learning with students , patients and promoting actions with caregivers and staff health . Thus, it is relevant to note that the Continuing Education Program in service was built from the demands presented at each meeting by the teachers themselves and the application of the proposed training was also possible for the effort in giving them space, time and willingness to self-assess and then print new meanings to the practice teaching experience in Hospital Class. The teachers showed the importance of ongoing education as a space to reflect on practice and experiences and restructure work, advancing knowledge and enriching educational activities.
Efeito da precipitação de fase secundária na resistência à corrosão da superliga UNS N26455
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-18)
Alano, José Henrique
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Kuri, Sebastião Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0138403357197508
The UNS N26455 is a superalloy of the Ni-Cr-Mo system used on offshore platforms as components of injection pumps. This alloy has low-carbon content and high levels of Cr and Mo. This composition gives the material high resistance to various forms of corrosion in different types of environments. However, in some aggressive conditions containing high concentrations of chloride, high temperatures and presence of corrosive gases, the alloy UNS N26455 may show localized corrosion. As an aggravating factor, prolonged exposure of this alloy at high temperatures may favor the preferential precipitation of intermetallic phase P. This precipitate is rich in Cr and Mo and changes the composition of the alloy in the matrix/precipitate interface, and in turn promotes localized corrosion of the material. In this work, the effect of P phase precipitation in localized corrosion resistance was studied using electrochemical techniques: anodic potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic polarization, potentiostatic technique, crevice repassivation potential (THE), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott-Schottky (MS). The experiments were carried out in environments containing high concentrations of chloride ions (100.000 e 180.000 ppm), with and without CO2 saturation, and at temperatures of 25 °C, 40 °C and 75 °C. The potentiodynamic results indicated that the alloy UNS N26455 in as-cast condition is extremely resistant to pitting corrosion. On the other hand, increasing the concentration of precipitates in the microstructure of the alloy, active dissolution occurs in potentials above 250 mVAg/AgCl. After potentiostatic testing and analysis by SEM, it was found that the dissolution occurs at the interface matrix/precipitate. The repassivation potential is not affected by the concentration of P phase, however, the weight loss obtained in the crevice corrosion test increased with the addition of the second phase in the microstructure of the alloy. The EIS results showed that the polarization resistance decreases with increasing P precipitates, indicating changes in the characteristics of the passive viii film. MS experiments showed that the passive film formed on alloy UNS N26455 shows n-type semiconducting behavior and the donor density increases with increasing concentration of the second phase.
Estrutura de metacomunidades de peixes em uma microbacia da Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-22)
Almeida, Rodrigo da Silva
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Cetra, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4423449163037358
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Christianini, Alexander Vicente
The concept of metacommunities incorporates the influence of local and regional factors in structuring communities and has supported recent approaches related to patterns of distribution, abundance and species interactions. Within this concept, the species sorting model that assumes that a community is governed only by local factors, while the mass effect model assumes that a community is governed by local and regional effects. A stream system has a hierarchical dendritic network, in which the upstream water bodies are smaller and tend to increase in the downstream direction due to the connection with other streams. To stream fish, the dispersion process by the channel reveals the importance of regional factors on the structure of metacommunities, while habitat heterogeneity acts locally, and may reveal boundaries between metacommunities. This study aims to determine whether there is the formation of metacommunities along the longitudinal gradient and models which explain this structure. We captured fish populations and raise environmental information in three streams (15 reaches of 70 m) of a small watershed of the Atlantic. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to describe the environmental gradient and to verify the occurrence of this metacommunities apply a gradient elements of metacommunities analysis (EMS). The pattern of distance decay relationships (DDR) was used to verify whether metacommunities are influenced by the effects of local and / or regional and so seek explanations for the pattern found. We can say that there are two distinct communities (clementsian pattern of metacommunities), one nearest the mouth with no defined pattern caused by a process mass effect and a more flush with standard board from a species sorting process. Distinguish these communities is of great interest to conservation purposes and the development of strategies for biomonitoring. For example, for communities downstream, where the environmental changes caused by urbanization are more prevalent and there is the possibility of removing this source of environmental impact, ensure connectivity of streams is a good strategy since the species moving more intensely and are very dependent on the source of colonization. On the other hand, communities further upstream, even if there is a disconnect with the region downstream promoted by the damming of streams for water harvesting, these communities will remain theoretically provided that local conditions are guaranteed, ie, there is a pressing conservation environmental integrity of these excerpts.
Uma abordagem para migração automática de código no contexto do desenvolvimento orientado a modelos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-22)
Possatto, Marcos Antonio
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Lucrédio, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9090396559596221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3254940785475023
Code generators play a key role in model-driven software development. They are responsible for transforming high-level assets (models) into implementation assets (code). Most generators are based on templates, which are pieces of text instrumented with code expansion elements. They receive an input and produce an output according to the template's programming. To build such template-based generators, the code of an existing implementation, already tested and validated, can be used as a reference, in a process known as code migration. With software evolution and the need for changes in the code generator, the templates start to differ from this reference implementation. In order to restablish the synchronization, additional effort is required. Tackling the challenge of keeping these assets synchronized (reference implementation and templates) is this dissertation's subject. The goal is to provide some automation to the code migration process, even if partial, in order to increase productivity in the maintenance of code generators. A mechanism was developed to make it possible to automatically reproduce changes that are performed in the reference implementation into one or more code generation templates. This mechanism was evaluated through an empirical study, yielding good performance in a controlled environment. This indicates that automation can help to reduce the effort in the maintenance of code generators in a model-driven development context.
Avaliação das técnicas de segmentação, modelagem e classificação para o reconhecimento automático de gestos e proposta de uma solução para classificar gestos da libras em tempo real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-10-22)
Anjo, Mauro dos Santos
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Pizzolato, Ednaldo Brigante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2821982735490884
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9114521946872957
Multimodal interfaces are becoming popular and trying to enhance user experience through the use of natural forms of interaction. Among these forms we have speech and gestures inputs. Speech recognition is already a common feature in our daily basis but gesture recognition has just now being widely used as a new form of interaction. The Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) was recently recognized as a legal way of communication since the Brazilian Government enacted the law N˚10.436 on 04/24/2002, and also has recently became an obligatory subject in teachers education and an elective subject in undergraduate courses through the enactment N˚5.626 on 12/22/2005. In this context, this dissertation presents a study of all the steps that are necessary to achieve a complete system to recognize Static and Dynamic gestures of Libras, being these steps: Segmentation; Modeling and Interpretation; and Classification. Results and proposed solutions will be presented for each one of these steps, and the system will be evaluated in the task of real-time recognition of static and dyamic gestures within a finite set of Libras gestures. All the solutions presented in this dissertation were embedded in the software GestureUI, in which the main goal is to simplify the research in the field of gesture recognition allowing the communication with multimodal interfaces through a TCP/IP protocol.