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Formas de citação discursiva em produções textuais sob o enfoque da teoria das operações predicativas e enunciativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Valentim, Duane; Onofre, Marilia Blundi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9857164065744798
This research aims at investigating discursive mechanisms in direct, indirect and free indirect speeches in the teaching context of textual production and interpretation. To contemplate this objective the present research situates itself in the Theory of Predicative and Enunciative Operations, theoretical field that is guided by Antoine Culioli. The reported speech in the students composition, appear differently from what grammar or course books show and explain. It has been observed that neither punctuation rules nor the rules to transpose direct speech in indirect speech, in the mentioned contexts, are followed in order to create different meanings. It is likely that these linguistics arrangements, which are not always in accordance with standard language established by the grammar book, have being used as a linguistic strategy to articulate the relations of the generating process of meanings. Thus, it seems to be relevant to rethink how reported speech is considered in the language teaching process, especially in learners compositions, as a mean of promoting the linguistic-cognitive development of students.
Por que ir à escola? O que dizem os jovens do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Pereira, Beatriz Prado; Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1341547467736796
The present study leaned on the theme of school in interface with youth, in the city of São Carlos, São Paulo. The general aim was to analyze and comprehend the meaning of school for young people enrolled in the senior year of High School, by giving priority to their views about the school institution. Besides factors such as lack of interest, violence, indiscipline, and lack of incentive to study, it is observed that many young people in Brazil especially those coming from the lower classes evade the institutions during their school career. Nevertheless, there are those who stay at school, satisfied or not, with or without difficulties, and this work is an attempt to understand the peculiarities and meanings of this permanence. For that, first it resorted the use of a questionnaire with closed-ended questions to an universe of 861 young people enrolled in the senior year of High School from 13 public institutions and 6 private schools on the referred town, to obtain data on excerpts from the students school career, the meanings of school and how formal education is constituted for them, in the pursuit to include young people with several life paths, social and economic situations. Afterwards, two meetings were performed and denominated group talk with five students who made themselves available to participate, among those who answered the questionnaire, aiming to make a reflection about the theme taking by reference a general presentation of the collected data and the statistic results. The empirical results were analyzed from the description, composition and comparison of the collected information with the young people, based on the scientific references of Education, Sociology and Social Occupational Therapy, which parameterizes the debate around this problem set. The results reveal that the trajectories of the young participants are linear, with few oscillations in their school careers. When taking position about the role and the meanings of the school institution, they reflect significantly what the society projects on school: the responsibility for a job training or for higher education, depending on the social class of the student. The criticism, the dissatisfaction and the attribution of widest meanings appear on the group talk, engendering also an individual reflection that stands out, given the scenario seen from another angle; the school for the youngsters is the same but it could be another. In the pursuit for understanding what those who remained until the last year of High School have to say, it is expected to provide references for strategies to deal with the issue regarding the possible meanings of school today, taking the young people as the center of those possibilities.
Correlações quânticas e transição quântico-clássica em cavidades ópticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Rossatto, Daniel Zini; Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7226048122013565
This thesis consists of three studies in the context of cavity quantum electrodynam- ics. Firstly, we investigate the quantum-to-classical transition of a dissipative cavity .eld by measuring the correlations between two non-interacting atoms coupled to the cavity mode. We note that there is a time window in which the mode presents a classical be- havior, which depends on the cavity decay rate, the atom-.eld coupling strength and the number of atoms. Then, considering the steady state of two atoms inside the cavity, we note that the entanglement between the atoms disappears while the intracavity mean number of photons (ñ) increases. However, the mutual information, the classical corre- lations and the quantum discord reach asymptotic non-zero values even in the limit of (continue...)
Indicadores educacionais de desenvolvimento profissional da docência em música nos anos finais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Machado, Daniela Dotto; Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045175290152830
This dissertation aims at investigating educational indicators of professional development in teaching through the participation of novice and experienced music teachers in the late years of elementary school in a continuing education distance program. The study is based on the notions of educational indicators and educational indicators of professional development in teaching proposed by Reali (2009) and Reali et al. (2004), in Shulman s theory on teachers professional knowledge base and the pedagogical reasoning process (1986; 1987; 2005) as well as on teachers professional experience based on Tardif (2012). In this qualitative study, the constructive-collaborative method of intervention-research was used, in which the teachers narratives concerning their education and professional practice were considered. Music teachers continuing distance education was developed from April to December 2011 on the UFSCar Teachers Portal. Tools of software packages Moodle and Skype were used for data collection in the study. After completing the program, thirteen (13) music teachers in the late years of elementary school were selected and constituted the study sample. In its results, the investigation found eleven (11) educational indicators of professional development in music teaching. As regards novice teachers, it was observed that they tend to not master all the necessary knowledge for teaching; show greater difficulties in planning activities and defining contents to be taught; tend to master and use some technologies applied to musical reproduction and practice in music teaching. Concerning the experienced teachers, it was observed that, in atypical situations of professional practice, they show difficulties in mastering music content, in choosing contents to be taught and in planning lessons; are concerned about getting to know students and their involvement with music better; seek for information on songs of students interest, even if their treatment does not exclusively take place in class; show to be more secure in defining the music contents to be taught; are concerned about students broader development and not only about their learning music content; show to have greater access to and greater knowledge of music teaching materials; tend to show tranquility when coping with situations that arise unexpectedly; and are constantly learning.
Os avessos do país : desconstrução dos semióforos nacionais em Antonio Callado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Grassi, Bruna Stephani Sanches; Rocha, Rejane Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2421999409170847
Biodegradação do pesticida pentaclorofenol por uma linhagem de fungo marinho isolado da ascídia Didemnun ligulum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Vacondio, Bruna; Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9598137176743240
Environmental contamination by pesticides in agriculture has caused many irreparable damage environmental to the ecosystem. Pentachlorophenol (PCP), the class of organochlorines, is a phenolic compound and a dangerous pollutant, that although banned in Brazil since 1985, there are many contaminated areas. This pesticide is the subject of much concern because it has high toxicity and power of persistence in the environment due to their resistance to biotic and abiotic degradation. The use of microorganisms as degrading agents of several chemical is considered an effective method to reduce the adverse effects of contaminants on the environment. The fungi derived from marine environment are adapted to extreme conditions, developing attributes that give them the ability to produce various of biologically active compounds differentes of their respective representatives who inhabit the land environment. In addition, marine fungi present an excellent bioenzimatic potential to be explored in the biotransformation of xenobiotics such as, for example, pesticides. In this work, fifteen strains of fungi isolated from a marine invertebrate, the ascidian Didemnun ligulum were evaluated according to their resistance, ability to grow in the presence of the pentachlorophenol (PCP) pesticide and its enzymatic potential against biodegradation of the pesticide and its metabolites. Concentrations were evaluated 10, 25, 30, 40 and 50 mgL-1 in solid media 3% malt. Nine among the tested strains showed growth in at least one concentration, but the DL2B strain (identified as Trichoderma harzianum) obtained optimal growth in most (50 mgL-1), proving be resistant to its toxicity and suggesting its potential for biodegradation. Therefore, it was selected for reactions in liquid medium in the presence of the pesticide with an initial concentration of 20 mgL-1 of PCP, to measure biodegradation. he biodegradation were evaluated after 7, 14 and 21 days of incubation. In 7 days of incubation it was no longer detected the presence of PCP in the samples, indicating the biodegradation of the pesticide by the fungus. The pentachloroanisole (PCA) metabolites and 2,3,4,6- tetrachloroanisole (2,3,4,6-TeCA) were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), indicating degradation of the pesticide by the fungus. In a second step, the strain of Trichoderma harzianum was subjected to biodegradation reactions in liquid medium containing metabolites PCA and 2,3,4,6-TeCA. It was observed that these compounds possibly cause some toxic effect on this micro-organism, but not enough to cripple the biodegradation by fungi. The fungus didn't degrade these compounds completely as occured with the PCP, but got reduce the concentrations of metabolites in the samples. These results confirm the efficiency of fungi derived from marine environment to biodegrade persistent compounds and enables the improvement methodologies using these microorganisms in techniques for decontamination of polluted environments with xenobiotics.
Cobertura vegetal como parâmetro da qualidade ambiental do município de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Bertini, Marco Antonio; Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4713304388221367
The process of ecosystem degradation is intensifying, causing changes in the flow of services provided by them, compromising the natural balance, environmental quality and welfare of society. In this perspective, this study proposed in the first chapter, the characterization of areas with vegetation cover in São Carlos, SP, in three scales: the territory of the municipality, the two units of water management and the ten sub-basins Guabirobas, Mogi Guacu, Araras, Cabaceiras, Quilombo, Chibarro, Monjolinho, Pântano, Jacaré-Guaçu e Feijão, by overlapping letters and visual interpretation of satellite images. The territory of the municipality of São Carlos has 28% of its total area with vegetation cover, and 21.6% is in permanent preservation areas (APPs) and of these, 51% are vegetated. Regarding the sources, 40% are protected by vegetation. The indicators show good environmental quality in the Jacaré-Guaçu sub-basin, while the sub-basins of Monjolinho and Mogi-Guaçu have unsatisfactory levels of vegetation cover. The second chapter diagnosed public green areas in the urban area and analyzed their administrative regions, and the percentage of public green areas (PAVP) and the index of public green areas (IAVP) as parameters. We obtained the index of 18,85 m2 of public green areas per inhabitant, characterized as satisfactory when compared to 15m2/inhabitant index suggested by the Brazilian Society of Urban Forestry. However, when regions were analyzed individually arise concern values (lower than desired). The Genebrino method, applied to PAVP and IAVP, made a commendable goal above 40% for urban environmental quality. Given the scenario presented, we proceeded to survey the environmental initiatives of government, ONGs and private agencies to minimize the problems encountered. We found that maintaining ecosystem functions and services provided by areas with vegetation cover in the period from 1977 to 2014, resulted from planting of 58,460 seedling trees, which was the most played in the city. This study, involving the sub-basins and urban perimeter, shows the importance of maintaining the functions and ecosystem services provided by native vegetation areas and amounts calculated for such services as possible to simulate the municipality loses withdraws the vegetation cover or still spend much to get her back.
Crianças infames: fragmentos de vidas no arquivo público e histórico de Ribeirão Preto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Ferreira, Emerson Benedito; Abramowicz, Anete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3930891454537241
This thesis is the result of a survey conducted in two cases and two Criminal Investigation Police discovered the Public Archives and History of Ribeirao Preto. In them we find four poor children who were raped at the turn of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With the theoretical framework and methodology supported in Michel Foucault, the main trunk of the research is focused on the rescue of those children stories from the perspective of their own accounts. It is also the object of this work to investigate, through the intersection of the four procedural documents, the particularities of each of the crimes, unraveling how abused those children faced intensifying legal actions in their lives, and how the devices of sexuality and alliance, which had as a principle meet the medical/legal policy that historical period, seeking to punish deviant behavior, across each of those bodies. The study also found that the way assimilated elite and used the legal instrument to build their worldviews. We conclude with the work the new world designed in the late eighteenth century was built by and for the ruling elite. The speeches, laws and standards in Lawsuits recorded camouflage schemes standardization of social life, which led to all, in defiance of the law were to apply the few ( the only undesirable ). As one of the conclusions of the study it appears that the trials worked, actually, as an educational showcase the deviant, sanctioning their actions and berating his excesses. The shock of these infamous power with children was the only way to get out of the dark stories. Without this meeting, we would never know of their existence.
Empreendedores da cena noturna: uma análise do trabalho de promoters de eventos artístico-musicais na cidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Pina, Marcos Roberto Mariano; Lima, Jacob Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7763913593471267
With the advent of the flexibilization of labor and production relations, a large number of new features and values gained prominence in the analysis of the work category, aiming, among other things, at the increasing individualization of the responsibilities in the work processes, the new lean organizations and the work based on short duration projects, as opposed to the preceding moment of the wage labor model called Fordist-Keynesianist. The analysis of the occupational career of party organizers in the night entertainment in the city of São Paulo has provided a very representative empirical cut on the flexibility expected of contemporary workers. We observed the forms of entry and maintenance on this informal market, mainly associated with the possession of a differentiated social capital, mobilized in accord to the cultural prescriptions of the consumer groups. We also analyzed the subjective and objective efforts demanded in their daily activities, that mobilizes great physical and mental efforts and dominate large periods of their personal schedules, and yet are positively reinterpreted as values of entrepreneurship and creative freedom. We observed how their identity as workers were constructed based on this differentiated service business, selling a product characterized by its symbolic value. We interviewed 8 Promoters from different musical styles, using semi-structured and free interviews, conducted in person or through virtual platforms of interaction, which are the spaces par excellence of the dissemination and promotion of their own parties.
A prática social - viver no mundo da rua - e seus processos educativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Almeida, Sara Ferreira de; Oliveira, Maria Waldenez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3404769527869004; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4743307615850591
Due to the inequalities produced by the current socio-economic system that generates the dehumanization of some social groups, such as the street population of Brazil´s cities, it is urgent to consolidate processes of autonomy on the part of this population. This research aims to uncover social practices and educational processes in the consolidated experiences lived by adult women and men that lives on the street, which, every day, fight and resist the marginalization and deprivation of rights reality. The study is guided on theoretical concepts of Critical Social Science and Education as Freedom Practice, taking as central authors Enrique Dussel and Paulo Freire. Adopts as methodological pillars the dialogicity and interaction between researcher and subjects of the research, making use of interviews, participant observation, diary field and round of conversation to collect data. Research shows, from its results, that life on the street is dialectical, multifaceted and complex and cannot be interpreted in a limited way, since there are cases that prove her relentless pursuit of the people To Be More. Data analysis points to the categories: 1) People who are on the street are not garbage that society throws away ", 2)" To live is to learn to live, to inhabit is washing, ironing, cooking "; 3) Living in street is very difficult, but is happy too, you know? "; 4) The street is a world", 5) "on the street I learn a lot, experiences that I will never forget". Involves, therefor, educational processes focused on the production, reproduction and development of human life, showing a street culture. By unveiling the knowledge of this group, as well as the processes of its production, it is expected to contribute to the visualization of diversity in ways of living and resisting of subjects, in opposition to prejudiced stereotypes that fuel discrimination and marginalization of street population in Brazil.
Otimização da produção de etanol 2G a partir de hexoses e pentoses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Suarez, Carlos Alberto Galeano; Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5911055089145779
The industrial production of fuel ethanol and sugar generates the main byproduct of sugarcane bagasse, which is burned in boilers for power generation. However, as a lignocellulosic material (consisting basically of three polymers: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), bagasse can be reused for the production of second generation bioethanol (2G), which is a renewable and environmentally friendly biofuel. For industrial 2G bioethanol production becomes economically feasible, the use of all fermentable fractions present in the bagasse is required: C6 fraction (cellulose) and C5 fraction (hemicellulose). These fractions are subjected to hydrolysis processes that generate as main sugars glucose and xylose respectively. It is important, therefore, that the microorganism employed for the production of ethanol 2G is able to utilize all the sugars generated during the hydrolysis process. In this work we chose the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to be the main microorganism used in the industrial production of ethanol, although unfortunately, this yeast is unable to ferment xylose. However, while S. cerevisiae does not use xylose, can ferment xylulose obtained by isomerization of xylose by the enzyme glucose isomerase. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate technological alternatives for the production of ethanol 2G from hexoses and pentoses using wild S. cerevisiae. In relation to the C6 fraction, in this work two important aspects have been addressed: i) study of the operation regime of a fed-batch reactor enzymatic hydrolysis of the C6 fraction of bagasse from sugarcane, yielding values of final glucose concentration of 200 g.L-1, higher than 45 g.L-1 achieved in batch reactor; ii) kinetic modeling of complex systems (enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates), in which an interpolator was developed using fuzzy logic as an important tool to represent the processes of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for rugged and reliable manner. Now, in relation to the C5 fraction initially applied simple techniques of Evolutionary Engineering, leading to the selection of a different strain of S. cerevisiae, adapted to assimilate xylulose in minimal medium and characterized by reduced formation of xylitol, which demonstrated a selectivity of ~7 getanol.gxilitol -1, significantly higher than the selectivity achieved by the wild strain of ~2 getanol.gxilitol -1. The selected strain was studied in batch cultures conducted in bench scale reactor under different conditions of oxygen limitation. It was found that the production of ethanol is favored over the formation of xylitol, keeping the flow of consumed xylulose above 0,5 mmol.gMS -1.h-1 for flow of oxygen consumption of 0.1 mmol.gMS -1.h-1, reaching in this condition selectivities around 4 getanol.gxilitol -1. For zero flow of oxygen (anaerobic culture) or above 0,3 mmol.gMS -1.h-1, ethanol production is drastically reduced , regardless of the flow xylulose assimilated by the cells.
Uma proposta de redirecionamento de fluxos de rede usando openflow para migração de aplicações entre nuvens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Moda, Carlos Spinetti; Senger, Hermes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3691742159298316; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7149973340135053
During the last decade, the advent of large scale processing and the need for rapid modification of computational structures have increased the popularity of Cloud Computing, particularly the Infrastructure as a Service model. Several companies have invested in infrastructure to become providers of this kind of service, whether for general public or only to supply their own business needs. This has increased the number of virtualized datacenters across the world and created a growing interest in interoperability between different providers. However, due to the lack of technology standardization, and to limitations in the current network s architecture, this interoperability is still an issue. Based on this, this research project presents an OpenFlow based network flow redirection architecture to support service continuity during the migration of applications between different IaaS providers. The tests performed show the applicability of the proposed architecture in a real network environment, having control only of the network edges, and without setting up any specific hardware.
Estratégias para melhoria da produção de ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces clavuligerus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Costa, Cecília Ladeira Lopes; Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8903118201027369
Clavulanic acid (CA) produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus, is a potent inhibitor of beta-lactamases used in combination with conventional beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria to these antibiotics. The biosynthesis of CA is limited by high concentrations of carbon source and like other beta-lactam compounds, it is highly unstable in acidic or basic pHs even at moderate temperatures. In this work, it was investigated different strategies to improve the production of AC. Batch and batch cultivations with glycerol pulses were carried out in shaker at 250 rpm and pH 6.8 at constant temperatures of 20, 25 and 30°C (run control), as well as with temperature reduction after cell growth phase from 30 to 25°C, 30 to 20°C and 25 to 20 C. It was also investigated the effects of temperature and pH on the AC degradation at various cultivation times in the presence of different concentration of ammonium ion. It was observed that the use of low temperatures (20°C) during cultivation reduced the substrate uptake rate and provides a higher accumulation of AC, in the broth by reducing the effects of CA degradation and inhibition effects caused by carbon source. Batch cultivations with higher glycerol concentration (30 and 60 g/L) were also performed at low temperature (20 and 25°C). The results confirmed that glycerol inhibits or even represses the biosynthesis of CA, depending of the temperature condition employed. The highest CA concentration value (1543 mg/L) were obtained for the cultivation at 20°C and 30 g/L glycerol, 9.2 fold-higher than run control at 30°C. The kinetics of CA degradation at pHs 6.5 and 7.5 and at different concentrations of ammonium ion (0 to 1000 mg/L) were also evaluated. It observed that the degradation was highest at pH 7.5 and higher concentration of ammonium ion. For all proposals of cultivations for CA production, it was obtained a maximum CA concentration in fermentation broth of about 1.5 g/L, indicating that CA acts as an inhibitor of its own biosynthesis. Then, the potential CA removal from broth culture was evaluated by using of alternative adsorbents such as activated carbon, clinoptilolite calcined hydrotalcite, and an ion exchange resin Amberlite IRA 400, for application in extractive fermentation process. The use of resin IRA 400 as an adsorbent to remove CA during cultivation resulted in an increase of 48% in maximum CA concentration if compared with cultivation at the same temperature condition (20°C) and glycerol concentration (15 g/L) conducted without product removal, confirming the hypothesis of inhibition by product in the CA production process. In cultivation at 20°C with glycerol concentration of 30 g/L and product removal, it was obtained a highest CA production of 2841 mg/L. The results indicate that the use of low temperature combined with the removal of product during the production process of AC represent a new and effective strategies to greatly increase the yield of CA.
Avaliação do responder por exclusão por bebês de até 36 meses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Souza, Leylanne Martins Ribeiro de; Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1985095548807586
Exclusion responding is the immediate selection of a comparison indefinite stimulus before a stimulus model also undefined, without a prior history teaching model. The acquisition of vocabulary due to exclusion responding can provide the expansion of verbal repertoire without prior training and accelerating the emergence of new relationships between words and referents. This study aimed to verify if the procedures of teaching conditional discriminations for babies favor the occurrence of exclusion responding and of learning of the relation new name new object, and to check how many trials were needed to check the occurrence of learning the new relation. In all two studies (S1 and S2), the procedure consisted of the establishment of auditory-visual conditional discrimination by matching-to-sample (MTS) with familiar stimuli (baseline), exclusion probes, learning probes and control probes. The difference between the procedures was the use of a cardboard box with masking function (comparison-empty) in S1 and sheets of vellum, with mask function, inserted in a notebook of education in S2. Eight 27-36 month-old babies participated in the first study and the aim was to investigate the emergence of exclusion responding and learning relationships that emerged in a play setting. Blocks of ten trials were performed, with the presentation of four comparison stimuli, one of them inside the box / mask. Four participants learned to baseline after retraining. All participants responded by exclusion and four had learning relations that emerged after retraining LB and the probes. It took six to 11 trials to exclude the occurrence of learning new relationships. A five 15-24 month-old babies participated in the second study. Blocks of six trials were performed, with the presentation of two and three comparison stimuli; consequence turned from the continuous reinforcement (CRF) to variable-ratio 2 (VR2) in baseline trials, and the probes were performed in extinction. The mask (comparison-empty) was inserted through fading in terms of education. All infants learned the conditional discrimination and exclusion responding (in the first or second attempt of each probe); however, none of them responded consistently with the criteria of learning relations new name new object. The need to devise new procedures to foster the learning of relationships that emerged in exclusion responding has been discussed.
Descrição e classificação de predicados nominais com o verbo-suporte fazer no Português do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Barros, Cláudia Dias de; Vale, Oto Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1116794341552522
Lexical data base building can be considered an essential task for Natural Language Processing (NLP), since the data included can be used in numerous tools, such as Parsers, Semantic Role Labelers, automatic translators, Text Simplifiers, Paraphrases Systems, Question-Answer Systems, Information Extraction Systems, among others. One kind of lexical information that can be used by these systems and, therefore, must be described and formalized is the nominal predicates, which can be defined by the union of a predicative noun and a support verb. Predicative nouns are those with arguments, and support verbs are the ones semantically empty. The latter provides to nouns the tense-aspect-person-number marks that they don t have, given their morphology. In this context, this research presents the linguistic description of 1,815 Brazilian Portuguese nominal predicates (support verb fazer and a predicative noun) according to the Lexicon-Grammar Theory. Such theory proposes that the linguistic unity of analysis is the simple clause (the predicator and its arguments). The data is inserted in a binary table, which presents the lexical entries in rows and the formal properties (structural, distributional and transformational) in columns.Twenty-nine properties were identified, such as (i) the type of prepositions; (ii) the possibility of passive voice, and others. The nominal predicates analysed were divided into 17 classes, which have syntactic regularities. This research has identified the variants of support verb fazer (make/do), in order to expand the possibilities of the ocurrence of these kinds of predicates. This research aims to contribute to the linguistic description of the Brazilian Portuguese language and NLP, providing data to be used in the future by systems that process lexicon.
E do silêncio fez-se a fala: oralidade e trajetória de vida de mulheres negras da cidade de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Pereira, Marco Antonio; Mendonça, Viviane Melo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3962436217389133
This work aimedat analyzing the life trajectory of black women in the city of Sorocaba from the perspective of their race and gender. Itseeks to investigate the role of militancy in thedevelopment oftheir political conscience and how this militancy can be understood as an educational power. The methodologyusedwas that oforal history and, in this context, the analysis is focused in the narrator’s experienced subjectivity. Analysis categories were established from the recurrence observed in their speech. Our approach consists in establishing how these women experienced their own history rather than discovering new historical facts. In orderto conduct the analysis, we gathered aspects that were recurrent both in the interviewees’ speeches and in the forms of resistance adopted by the black people as captive, freedmen or in the post-abolition period. Among the forms of resistance adopted by these women, associations, familiar structure, scholar process and Clube 28 de Setembroas a place for racial assertion are recurrent. We were able to establish that they were all strengthened as black women by the militancy process. Finally, more than never, from my positionas a man speaking aboutour interviewees’ lives, I was able to understand how much we can learn from ourYalodes,ourwise women.
A atividade discente na universidade: os impactos da produtividade acadêmica na formação dos estudantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Oliveira, Maísa Aparecida de; Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4891663583055069
This research examines student activity in university area, focusing a discussion of the impacts of academic productivity in students' education, in which discuss social, ethics and policy university, directed to the interpersonal spaces of socialization, training and performance of students. The academic productivity, as country policy and institutional culture, became polo generator of university reform slavishly follow the market, revealing the marketisation of science and technological innovation. The university legitimizes and reproduces relations of social domination, focusing on how the school trajectory student influences the dynamic of their activities at the university, conditioning the choices and attitudes in developing their personal and professional formation. 120 students of 12 undergraduate courses divided in Science Centers related to Biological, Human and Physical areas of UFSCar participated in the survey and responded to a questionnaire and subsequently 10 % of students perform a semistructured interview. The qualitative data analysis was performed using the categorization of semantic contents based on theoretical contributions from critical perspectives process. The survey results indicate that socialization at the university is produced from which the student brings himself and at the same time, it is producer of training student. The relationships established by students in the university context are permeated by academic goal, identified impersonally, as found by the distance between students themselves and between students and teachers, besides low level of student participation in university groups. This issue indicates the expansion of regulated individualism in pragmatic and utilitarian logic. Among the activities performed in the student course, the highest participation rate concentrated at scientific meetings and in junior reseacher program, which supports the conception of the overvaluation of the research. Students consider that research positively affects their training, contributing to their intellectual and professional growth, and fill possible gaps in their training to provide the interaction between theory and practice. The choice of students in academic activities, legitimized by the university, is delimited by the instrumentality of school success, achieved through participation in activities considered profitable, constitutive category for the inclusion and recognition of the student in the academic field. We conclude that students have incorporated the practice of production scientific knowledge that follows the logic of intensified and productivist work of university teachers, guided by the marketisation of knowledge in the context of neoliberal policies. In this sense, the activity of the student, as a social subject, reduced to the academic and scientific activities, with few opportunities for rest and recreation, noting a significant decrease of their social experiences, evidenced in the emotional, social, political, cultural and physical relations.
Síntese e sinterização em micro-ondas, e caracterização da Perovskita BA 0,5Sr0,5Co0,8Fe0,2O 3-δ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Nuernberg, Rafael Bianchini; Morelli, Márcio Raymundo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6261224924264220
Ba0,5Sr0,5Co0,8Fe0,2O3-δ (BSCF) perovskite-type oxide is currently one of the most promising materials for applications in oxygen separation membranes. BSCF powder synthesis has received considerable attention because the powder characteristics are extremely important in shaping and sintering process of these membranes. On the other hand, the sintering stage is crucial in consolidation and microstructure development. In this study, BSCF perovskite has been synthesized and sintered using microwave heating. BSCF powders were synthesized by combustion method using conventional and microwave heating. The resulting BSCF powders were characterized by DSC/TG, BET, XRD and SEM. The sintering stage of pellets obtained by uniaxial pressing was conducted in different time and temperature conditions, as well as, in conventional and microwave heating. Microstructural characterization of BSCF samples was performed by OM and SEM. Mechanical characterization was made by diametral compression and Vickers hardness test and electrical characterization was carried out in impedance spectroscopy equipment. The BSCF powder that was synthesized in microwave, presented phase homogeneity, high specific surface area (9.93 g/m2) and submicrometric particle size. The microstructural characterization of sintered samples showed that the microwave sintering can achieve a relative density as high as conventional sintering with only 10% of dwell time (continue...).
Preparação de nanocompósitos baseados na intercalação de argilominerais em matrizes ureia-formaldeído para aplicação como fertilizantes de liberação controlada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Yamamoto, Cíntia Fumi; Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462; Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0007668266713305
The increase on the price of fertilizers, and the high Brazilian importing dependency of this material, raise the cost of cultures. Such cost may be reduced by more efficient and efficiently used fertilizers. From an economical point of view, urea is one of the most interesting commercial choices available for nitrogen based fertilizers. However, using it in its pure form is not appropriate, for the loss of nitrogen through volatilization into the atmosphere may reach extreme values, diminishing its efficiency when applied on the ground's surface. In this work, nitrogen losses can be reduced by condensation polymerization of urea and formaldehyde, and by adding mineral clay to this nanocomposite to act as a diffusion barrier and to adsorb urea. Extrusion shows to be an advantageous process to produce in one step a bead with satisfactory strength and easy handling. A solid precursor of formaldehyde (paraformaldehyde) was successfully used to facilitate the polymerization process, and the reaction occurred in the bead due to the formation of formaldehyde in situ owing to the temperature rise and water addition. Incubation soil tests showed that the higher content of polymer phase in the material trended to cause a higher delay in the release of total N applied. It was also observed an increase in mechanical strength and Young modulus by flexural bending strength tests to higher content of polymer phase compositions. Although the final bead fertilizer has a lower N content than pure urea, its use is potentially interesting owing to extrusion mass production process and the subsequent polymerization step in moderate temperature.
Caracterização estrutural e de expressão do gene exuperantia (exu) em Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae) e evidências de seleção positiva em Cyclorrhapha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-02-27) Oliveira, Janaína Lima de; Brito, Reinaldo Alves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9507329051677117
The genus Anastrepha (Tephritidae) has several species of great economic importance due to their impact in fruticulture. We are particularly interested in the evolutionary history of Anastrepha fraterculus, the most relevant species in the closely related group of species fraterculus, which has undergone recent divergence and holds the majority of species of economic importance in the genus. To better understand the differentiation process and identification in the group, we need to find molecular and morphological markers that are involved with the differences between species. Reproductive genes have, in general, been very informative in this regard due to their rapid evolutionary rates, although few of them have been studied and characterized in this species so far. Therefore, the present study focuses on the exuperantia gene (exu), which participates in both oogenesis (localization of bicoid and oskar mRNAs) and spermatogenesis, since exu embryos from mutant mothers are unviable and males are sterile. Thus, the first step was to use Next generation sequencing strategies (RNA-seq) to structurally characterize and define expression patterns of this gene between sexes in the cephalic and reproductive tissues of A. fraterculus. A. fraterculus has similar structural and expression patterns to Drosophila melanogaster in reproductive tissues, in which the transcripts differ between sexes for the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs). We describe for the first time the expression of exu in cephalic tissues, involving a new isoform that is common to both sexes. All these alternative spliced transcripts share a common coding region, resulting in the same protein. We used the exu coding region, along with sequences from several Diptera to investigate the molecular evolution of exu in Cyclorrhapha. This group has experienced an enormous adaptive radiation, associated with molecular and morphological changes, and by comparing the dN/dS ratio between Cyclorrhapha and other Diptera we found that exu was subjected to positive selection in Cyclorrhapha for at least two sites in the coding region. One of the sites is present in the RNA exonuclease-like domain of exu. The second site is located in a not characterized region that is conserved and under purifying selection in Diptera, suggesting that it may be an important region of the protein. The adaptive changes found in exu may reflect an evolutionary gain that allowed its co-option for a new function the gene performs in Cyclorrhapha: the localization of bicoid in the anterior region of the oocyte, since bcd is a gene exclusive of Cyclorrhapha.