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Impacto de políticas públicas em comunidade quilombola: Senhor do Bonfim-PB, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-18)
Yogi, Euriko dos Santos
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Bertazzo, Cláudio José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1154385746854757
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4451572975536795
This research discussed the impacts of public policies for family farming on traditional knowledge and agricultural practices in maroon community Senhor do Bonfim-PB. Part of the hypothesis that these policies by prioritizing economic side, insert the community elements of the modernized agriculture, something inconsistent with the text of the law to encourage family farming which had the objective of social, environmental and economic sustainability. We used qualitative research using semi-structured interviews, participant observation and participatory methodologies. We found that some public policies influencing the farmers' productive way, these actions end up inserting elements in the modernization of agriculture and influence the mode of production.
Projeto, construção e desenvolvimento metodológico de um aparelho de destilação. Estudo de caso: produção de etanol anidro via destilação extrativa utilizando glicerol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-18)
Jardim, Herbert Aires Sousa Pereira Magalhães
;
Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2891699667804564
Ethanol is a renewable fuel produced from biomass. Starting in 1975, Brazil began a national program to promote ethanol production in large scale, the ProAlcool Programme. In the harvest 2012/13 it was produced 23.64 billion of litters of ethanol, from that 9.85 billion was in anhydrous form. The anhydrous ethanol is mainly used as a gasoline additive. This mix reduces the dependence on fossil fuels, improves the engine performance and reduces the emission of toxic gases. Anydrous ethanol can be produced by azeotropic distillation (cyclohexane), by extractive distillation (mono ethylene glycol) or by molecular sieves technology (zeolytes). The objective of this work was the construction and operation of a distillation apparatus (in a bench scale) with the purpose of evaluating the extractive distillation of hydroalcoholic solutions of ethanol employing glycerol as solvent, in substitution of mono ethylene glycol. The substitution is motivated by several factors indicated by the literature like the biodiesel production growth, whose glycerol is a byproduct; the low toxicity; the superior capacity to promote the relative volatility increase of water-ethanol solution; and the inferior energetic consumption. The column was composed by three glass modules with five perforated plates each module. On the top it was used a glass coil condenser. As reboiler it was used a two litters round bottom boiling flask linked to a heating mantle. The feed of ethanol, solvent (glycerol) and the bottom product withdraw was made with pumps. The distillation system was modelled and simulated in the Aspen Plus software using the RadFrac distillation model and NRTL (non-random two-liquid model) thermodynamic model. Four simulations were made for different ethanol feed compositions (25, 35 and 45 wt %). Three simulations were made without the glycerine feed and one with solvent feed and 35% ethanol feed. The distillation column was operated in total reflux with 0.599 L/h ethanol feed flow and 0.341L/h glycerine feed flow. The systems without the solvent reached a mass purity of ethanol of 94.1% in distillate (45% of ethanol feed). The process with the solvent reached a purity of 99.8% in distillate. The four simulated conditions were experimentally evaluated. The experimental results confirmed that the use of glycerine feed promoted an improvement in separation, reaching distillate purity over 99%. Experiments without the glycerine reached compositions around 90%. Murphree efficiencies were determined in all experiments carried out. For the systems without the solvent the obtained efficiencies were: 45% (25% ethanol feed), 30% (35% ethanol feed), 35% (45% ethanol feed). The system with glycerine feed reached 70% efficiency.
O ensino da Arte: entrelugares da estética à (re)significação do trabalho docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-18)
Santos, Odirlei Paulino dos
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Fernandes, Hylio Laganá
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561718257992273
This study aimed to find the context of a São Paulo public school, regarding to Art, highlighting main proposals developed with students of Elementary School I. Therefore, the following questions have also been delimited: Which senses are elaborated and constructed by the referred teachers about the teaching of Art? How to render as problematic and (re)signify them as from the collective analysis of teaching work? Starting with the research on education proposals, a qualitative study was performed, taking reflection and analysis of scientific texts as methodological procedures, official documents on teaching of Art. Faced with this, the didactic proposal of teachers, taking as an anchor the Cultural-Historical perspective ideas and studies of the “Art-Education” contributions. It was evidenced, as from the questioning activities offered to the students and theoretical contributions, that working with the Visual Arts was resized: the place of art in the weekly plan was reviewed, there was a greater concern on discussing the visual elements that constitute the work, historical contextualization of the art object and the artist himself, the emergence of didactic proposals, with broader creation possibilities by the students and the classroom reconfiguration, as a space to use art. Evidences can be verified on teacher’s reports, in the weekly plan and observations made by the researcher.
Fábricas recuperadas e os trabalhadores: a autogestão entre a teoria e a prática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-19)
Pires, Aline Suelen
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8860270341724853
The context generated by the productive restructuring associated with financial crises and changes in the Brazilian economy in the late 1990s led to the collapse of many companies and resulted in increased unemployment and increasing instability and insecurity of labor relations. Thus, workers sought other forms of livelihood, including the associated work. ANTEAG (Associação Nacional de Trabalhadores em Empresas de Autogestão e Participação Acionária) [National Association of Self-Management Companies Workers] emerged in this context, with the goal of supporting groups of workers to unite and take control of bankrupt factories in which they worked, preserving their jobs. So, the first recovered factories emerged. At this time, the movement of the Solidarity Economy also begins to grow, and Unisol Brazil (Central de Cooperativas e Empreendimentos Solidários) [Central of Cooperatives and Solidary Enterprises] arises to support various types of solidary economic enterprises, including the recovered factories. Thus, the purpose of our research was to make a general analysis of the current situation of recovered factories in Brazil. To do this, we return to some of the pioneering experiments of recovered companies. Our goal was to understand if and how cooperative and self-managed values are present in these enterprises today. So, we performed a literature review of case studies about recovered factories and visited several experiences of this type, where we conducted observations and interviewed leaders and workers, using semi-structured scripts. In addition, we seek to look at our subject from an international perspective, so we visited Argentina and France. In general, we note that, although the ideals of cooperatives and self-management remain in the speeches of many workers, their enforcement encounters many obstacles in practice. In other words, to be viable, recuperated factories face many pressures in the market, which eventually modify some of your initial goals.
Resistência e governamentalidade : política educacional em Uberaba (MG) nos anos de 2005 a 2012
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-20)
Borges, Marisa
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Dinis, Nilson Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9901790534758296
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1192590693949832
Sur la base des objectifs théoriques et méthodologiques des études de Foucault sur des notions telles que discours, les relations de pouvoir, gouvernementalité et la biopolitique développés par le philosophe Michel Foucault, la présente thèse, entreprend une analyse des politiques éducatives mises en oeuvre à Uberaba/MG dans les années 2005-2012, afin de comprendre comment ils constituent les discours et les pratiques discursives qui met en mouvement le discours en «faveur» de la qualité de l'enseignement. Partie du contexte dans lequel le rôle central de l'éducation de qualité est évidente, en ayant comme principales devises deux documents officiels produits par SEMEC, la PMDE et la convention de gestion alliée à la logique néolibérale, ainsi que les discours produits à partir des pratiques de gouvernement dont source de gouvernement se concentre sur les stratégies de subjectivation des individus avec des fonctions de contrôle, limitation et validation des règles de puissance, en formulant de règles et de règlements qui doivent être travaillé à l'école, et aussi conduisent vers une éducation de qualité fabriqué par les statistiques et par le discours d‘une Ville éducatrice. Dans cette perspective-là, il s‘agit également d'énquêter sur la résistance contre les dispositifs d'alimentation et des stratégies qui s'opposent à elle même, à travers les récits des enseignants du Réseau d'Enseignement de Uberaba/MG. La recherche démontre que la politique éducative adoptée a conçu un ensemble de procédures et de connaissances considéré comme utile pour l'élaboration des sujets et adaptés aux besoins des écoles de la gouvernementalité néolibérale. Enfin l'étude met l'accent sur la multiplicité discursive qui permet entrevoir les résistances qui coexistent dans les jeux de pouvoir et de vérité.
Antirracismo e educação: uma análise das diretrizes normativas da UNESCO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-20)
Cruz, Ana Cristina Juvenal da
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Abramowicz, Anete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736396213946663
This dissertation intends to analyze the guiding principles and normative directives related to racism treatment in Education by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO. Through a theoretical qualitative approach, the research verifies how the organization deals with uses and meanings of racial thematic in Education. In this way, the investigation aims to reflect critically upon different uses and meanings about the debate on racial relations, and to comprehend the education construction as an anti-racist policy performed by UNESCO. Therefore, UNESCO s official documents were analyzed using a historical perspective as a way to understand how the development of the debates produces normative instruments to the management of the racial issue. Since its beginning, UNESCO has published several documents and materials as an attempt to join countries and make them find out the universal peace. Moreover, its position about the theme became a key point to deal with the racial matter, seen as a problem to have peace. So, the education was a chosen option by it to win this obstacle. For this reason, it can be said that UNESCO proposes education as an anti-racist policy. The research focuses on a contemporary debate about racial relations, especially in aspects of racialized people production as an individual or group.
Proposta para configuração de operação logística em centros de distribuição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-20)
Toso, Milton Ramos
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Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684117039131762
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Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da
The main purpose of this dissertation is to propose a methodology framework using multicriteria decision-making method, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to define the configuration of logistics operations at the distribution centers in the Brazilian retail market. This framework is based on an approach in which the choice of operational alternatives used in the internal activities of a distribution center (receiving, storage, picking and shipping) depend on the distribution strategy as well as the attributes and requirements of the business environment of the company. In order to develop this work, a bibliographic research has been performed in the following fields: logistics and distribution strategy, functions, activities and management of distribution centers and decision-making. It has been carried out interviews in the research field with the high management representatives from large logistics providers with the aim of determining which business requirements might be considered in the approach. The interviews have been also important to determine the preferences and weights to the attributes used for decision-making. The proposed framework has been also used in a case study in order to validate the attributes and has served too as a basis to compare the preferences of the managers of the logistic providers and of the manager of the studied company, regarding the configuration of the logistic operations. This framework has been validated, the preferences among decision makers have been similar, except at the weight between the attributes of operational and investment costs. In general, this framework has validated the results and has proved to be a useful tool to support decision-making process in a real situation and also has generated scenarios and sensitivity analysis to the decision maker.
Os discursos incentivadores da leitura: uma análise de campanhas contemporâneas em prol dessa prática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-20)
Varella, Simone Garavello
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2960953221144305
Our research aims to undertake the survey of some representations of contemporary reading practices by analyzing videos to encourage reading posted on the YouTube website. For this analysis we conducted a survey of videos that, by their similarities and differences, allowed us to organize them into two categories (Campaigns and Protocampaigns), whose subdivision was based on our observation of aspects such as the motivation of its production, the strategies of their generic composition (gender campaign), the degree of specialization of its production, and the means of media movement for which these campaigns were originally made. These categories were also divided into two thematic areas, in our view, illustrating how reading is preponderantly represented in these media productions. They are: Who reads, progresses and Who reads, travels . By relying on principles of French Discourse Analysis of and Cultural History of Reading, we will develop our analysis in order to describe any discursive representations that make reading these videos aimed to promote it, as well as describe the representations of reader the producers of these videos make the audience they are targeting. Therefore, in our research we seek to analyze some evidence entered in the production of these videos, projections of reading practices, to reflect on a given imaginary we share today about what reading is, how it should be exercised, than being a good reader, and how to promote it.
Critérios de seleção e indicadores de desempenho para contratação de serviços logísticos: um estudo de casos múltiplos com embarcadores e operadores logísticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-20)
Galo, Nadya Regina
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Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9614796941473828
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Ribeiro, Priscilla Cristina Cabral
A company doesn t operate singly in the market, because it is involved in a chain of buyers and suppliers, from which depends its operational efficiency. Thus, the choice of a partner requires the fulfillment of a number of requirements to ensure that business objectives will be not affected by inadequate supply. In this context, supplier selection can be an important process for an organization that wishes to evaluate the alternatives according its preference criteria for contracting services. However, certain criteria may present difficulties in measuring and to define indicators that can compose each criterion can allow the performance measurement of each supplier, adding objectivity to the process. The objective of this research was to identify and analyze which criteria supplier selection are used for hiring logistics service providers (LSPs) and what are the indicators used to assess the performance of this partner, in a group of companies in the retail. For this, we used the method of case study in five companies, four shippers and one 3PL. This is an exploratory qualitative research and the technique used was the direct intensive research using semi-structured questionnaires. Thus, were identified and analyzed the selection criteria and performance indicators used by companies to selection and evaluation of LSPs. The analysis allowed characterizing the selection of suppliers of these companies and performance measurement, as well as some specific features. As a result, it was observed that companies can point which criteria are relevant for the selection of LSPs and they have indicators for supplier performance evaluation, however the alignment between criteria and indicators is not fully established because the indicators used are more geared to monitoring the operation than the supplier evaluation.
GeoGebra, recurso computacional a favor da aprendizagem matemática no ensino fundamental II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Selli, Luis Fernando
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Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2856954671448904
This paper is related to the application of GeoGebra software in the following topics: Ratio, Proportion, Thales Theorem, Similarities, Similarity of Triangles, Pythagorean Theorem, Trigonometric Ratios in the Triangle Rectangle, Number and circumference. Initially all the contents were thought by traditional method, board and chalk. Therefore the GeoGebra software was applied. It was developed to teachers and students (9th grade) of an elementary school involved in these activities. Positive and negative results were showed but there is a perspective of improvement. All the stages are separately related to help the understanding. The object is the analyses about the importance and relevancy of using computerized mathematical tools during the learning process.
Diclosulam e sulfentrazone no manejo das plantas infestantes na cultura da soja resistente ao glifosato e efeito da palha e precipitação sobre estes herbicidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Minozzi, Guilherme Barbosa
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Monquero, Patricia Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3296134429563429
The Roundup Ready (RR) soybean facilitated weed management by allowing the use of glyphosate in all stages of crop development. But the continuous use of this herbicide can select resistant weed biotypes and tolerant species, suggesting the need of developing new management practices. Thus, the aim of this proposal was to evaluate the effectiveness of different managements in soybean using residual and post-emergent herbicides in the control of weeds and the interference caused by straw and rainfall on the efficacy of the herbicides diclosulam and sulfentrazone. In the first experiment, in the field, was used the randomized block design with four repetitions and 14 treatments, involving the application of glyphosate (712 g ha-1) + 2,4-D (670 g ha-1) in the burndown application of weeds, 14 days before planting soybeans, with and without the presence of residual herbicides, diclosulam (29.4 g ha-1) and sulfentrazone (600 g ha-1), and treatments with glyphosate in post emergence at a single time in stages V2 (Second fully expanded trifoliate) or V4 (Fourth fully expanded trifoliate) at the dose (712 g ha-1) or in both stages V2 and V4 (356 g ha-1 in each one). In the second trial, in the greenhouse, was used a randomized block design with four repetitions in a factorial 2 x 3 x 5, being two herbicides diclosulam (29.4 g ha-1) and sulfentrazone (600 g ha-1), three levels of corn straw on the soil surface (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1) and five simulations of 20mm of rain (without rain, 24, 72, 120 and 240 hours after application of the herbicide), each experimental unit consisted of a vase and after rain simulation was sown in pots one biomarker, which was assessed for phytotoxicity. In the field experiment, it was noted the importance of applying a residual herbicide in the burndown, to reduce applications of glyphosate in post emergence, the treatment with diclosulam and a single application of glyphosate in V4 promoted the highest soybean yield of 3484,93 kg ha-1 against 719 kg ha-1 of the untreated treatment. In green house interaction was observed between the amount of straw (which can intercept the jet sprayed) and the time of occurrence of rain after application of herbicides and in this case diclosulam proved to be less dependent of water to reach its target.
Espectro do operador Laplaciano de Dirichlet em tubos deformados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Mamani, Carlos Ronal Mamani
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Verri, Alessandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794549732815622
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7491471460040429
Let Ω be a deformed tube in R3 and −∆Ω D the Dirichlet Laplacian operator in Ω. In this work, we are going to study the spectrum σ(−∆Ω D) of the operator −∆Ω D. More precisely, we are going to analize how the geometrical characteris- tics of Ω can influence in the set σ(−∆Ω D). Firstly, we are going to show that, under certain conditions, the essential spectrum σess(−∆Ω D) of −∆Ω D is the same, independent if the tube is straight, curved or twisted. In regard to the discrete spectrum σdis(−∆Ω D) of −∆Ω D, we are going to show that if Ω is a curved tube, then σdis(−∆Ω D) is a non empty set. Furthermore, if Ω is a twisted tube, then σdis(−∆Ω D) is a empty set. In the case where Ω is lightly curved and twisted simultaneously, we are going to see that the discrete spectrum remains empty.
Aplicacão de LC-SPE/NMR na caracterização de substâncias isoladas de cultivos da bactéria marinha Streptomyces cebimarensis SS99BA-2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Thomasi, Sérgio Scherrer
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Venâncio, Tiago
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438399441102990
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2430552009733935
Marine microorganisms are living beings with extraordinary abilities, once they have developed physiological and metabolic capabilities that allow them to survive in an environment filled with adverse conditions, such as high pressure, excessive salinity and extreme temperatures. Thus, these living beings have great potential for the production of metabolites which normally cannot be produced by soil bacteria. The overall objective of this study was to elucidate the metabolite profile of the bacterium Streptomyces cebimarensis SS99BA-2 isolated from marine sediment in São Sebastião, a city located in the northern coast of São Paulo State, using the LC-SPE/NMR hyphenated technology. Ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of bacterial fermentation broths showed, respectively, biological activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, and cytotoxic activity against tumour cells SF-295 (central nervous system). The optimization of the chromatographic conditions, together with the optimization of parameters for SPE retention, and for NMR acquisition and processing, led to the identification of at least eight known substances. This strategy did not require bench isolation methods, from very small amounts, approximately 3 mg, of crude extracts and permited to identify: maltol, 5-hydroximaltol, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid, N-acetyltyramine, isomaltol, 3-(N)-propanesulfonic acid, dehydroxinocardamine and nocardamine. In addition, six new compounds were isolated, including four belonging to a rare class of pyrazin-2(1H)-onic secondary metabolites named: giovaninone A, giovaninone B, giovaninone C and giovaninone D, and two belonging to an extremely cytotoxic class of antitumor phosphated polyketides: thomasicine A and thomasicine B. The results show that the LC-SPE/NMR coupling technology is extremely useful in the natural products field, since organic compounds can be identified in a rapid, safe and reproductible way. Moreover, it can be observed that the chemistry of marine microorganisms is still very little explored and reveal a promising field in the obtaining of potential candidates for pharmaceuticals, since these organisms are able to be cultivated in large scale through the use of bioreactors.
Estimativas de magnitudes da dinâmica quântica envolvendo dimensões de Hausdorff e de empacotamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Olivares, Erick Andrés de La Barra
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Oliveira, César Rogério de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5485204156806697
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5215387956833551
In this work we approach the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics from the point of view of mathematical physics; we present estimates of some dynamical quantities that are used to describe the return probability to the initial state. Such estimates are related to Hausdorff and packing dimensions of the relevant spectral measures. After defining such dimensions we discuss some tools to characterize the quantum dynamics of a particle in one dimension. Then we summarize some standard facts from the literature and the quantities we are interested in. Finally, as an application, estimates of some dynamical quantities based on concepts from statistical mechanics are presented.
Apoio matricial e institucional: investigando interfaces com a Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e Comunidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Beker, Karine Kyomi
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Feliciano, Adriana Barbieri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9398810638733882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8696056687358023
The Family Health Strategy (FHS) is focused on family and community, acting through strategies of promotion, prevention, recovery and rehabilitation. Complementing the actions of family health teams, matrix support consists in an organizational arrangement that offers specialized care as much rear of technical and pedagogical support teams and institutional support is intended to facilitate the spaces of co-management and joint teams, enabling the expansion of capacity and facilitating analysis of the process of reflection on the difficulties of everyday life. The need for training of professionals capable of these changes in health services has encouraged the creation and development of Multiprofessional Residences in Health. The Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and the Municipal Health Secretariat of the municipality proposed the insertion of the Multiprofessional Residence in Health Family and Community (RMSFC) in municipal health network, in which residents work in the logic of FHS. The study aimed to understand the interfaces between activities as supporters and the process experienced in training RMSFC UFSCar. This is a qualitative study and by applying via online, a questionnaire with open and closed to graduates of the period 2007-2012 residency program questions, 21 answers to the questionnaire were obtained. Empirical data were examined using thematic analysis and divided into two themes: support and network school. For each theme, two categories were compiled: matrix support as an activity that focuses on care, the organization of the work process as the focus of institutional support, practical learning scenarios theoretical and practical training and theoretical spaces. The matrix support actions related to health care were assigned, while institutional support refers to the organization of the work process, according to the same. The scenario of practical and theoretical learning as well as the use of tools of lifelong education favor the formation of capable workers to collective actions, presenting augmenting elements for both supports, in particular the matrix. It appears, therefore, that the political pedagogical project (PPP) and the organizational arrangement of the residency program were developed and established in order to promote the full learning on the matrix support. The same is not true with respect to institutional support, for which some gaps should be analyzed. However, if the PPP does not endorse this type of support, the management powers of the work contained in assignments and assessments of residents, includes unique elements of the institutional support. In light of the theoretical framework, discusses the importance of integration between the educational institution and the municipal health system, providing residents an apprenticeship in which practice and theory complement each other. Thus it is apparent that, with this approach, fosters the formation of workers to adequate Unified Health System can affirm that there is an interface between the training process experienced in the residence and the practice of both supports listing, Top basement of the matrix support.
Especiação química de As e Cd por HPLC-ICP-MS em forrageira Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. cv. Marandu cultivada em solo previamente contaminado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Amaral, Clarice Dias do
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
Recent research and advances in analytical chemistry show that the total content determination of an element, although it is essential, is limited since it is not sufficient to provide information about the bioavailability and toxicity of the species. Furthermore, plants are usually the main route of chemical elements (essential or toxic) entry in the food chain. Arsenic speciation in plants is important since it can be found in inorganic forms, more toxic, or methylated forms, less toxic. Moreover, both As and Cd can bind to phytochelatins (tri peptides) that are formed in plant tissue as a defense mechanism to the stress caused by potentially toxic elements. This research project aimed the determination and speciation of As and Cd in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu forage grown in previously contaminated soil. In the first part of the work, these contaminants were added to the soil and after a certain period of time the forages were harvested, frozen-dried and ground in freezer mill containing liquid N2. As well as it was determined the total content of As and Cd by ICP-QMS. The mean concentrations found were 2.3 ± 0.27 mg kg-1 of As and 2.9 ± 0.07 mg kg-1 of Cd. In the second part of the work, the separation and identification of As(III), As(V), MMA (monomethylarsonic acid), and DMA (dimethylarsinic acid) species were performed using an anion exchange column and HPLC-ICPMS. Different sample preparation involving water, diluted nitric acid solution and a water methanol mixtures were evaluated in order to extract As species in plant samples. The interference standard (IFS) method using 83Kr+, was employed to minimize spectral interferences on 75As+ determination caused by polyatomic species such as 40Ar35Cl+. The procedure that presented the best xiv performance was the one using nitric acid solution with extractions carried out at 90 ºC, an efficiency of 90 % and quantitative extraction of all four As species were achieved. Improvement in accuracy from 77 % to 94 % was obtained using the IFS method. The third part of the work evaluated the As species stability in samples stored under different temperatures along 12 months, with periodical determination of them (each two months). It can be concluded that for As species evaluated, lyophilization and frozen-dried were the best sample preparation strategies. Sample storage at low temperatures resulted in poor extraction efficiency, furthermore, the sample particle size was the critical factor for choosing the best processing and storage procedure of sample. The fourth part addressed the evaluation of As-phytochelatin and Cd-phytochelatins species using HPLC-ICP-MS for the isotopes determination and HPLC-ESI-MS in order to do the phytochelatins analysis. Phytochelatins were not found in the samples stored for long periods, even at low temperatures, which demonstrates the species instability. Freshly-harvested and extracted samples were analyzed by ESI-MS and mainly glutathione (m/z 308); the phytochelatins PC2 (m/z 540) and PC3 (m/z 772), their respective oxidized forms and the compound As-PC3 (m/z 844) were found among roots, leaves and stems. The new legal requirements and trade restrictions require the development of analytical procedures to measure metalloid species in a variety of animal and plant tissues. With the combination of techniques such as ICP-MS and ESI-MS coupled to HPLC has become feasible the determination of uncommon species.
Desenvolvimento de nanocompósitos baseados em hidrogéis aplicados à liberação de nutrientes agrícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Bortolin, Adriel
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6389000762427080
Nanocomposites were developed based on polyacrylamide hydrogels (PAAm) and methylcellulose (MC) reinforced with montmorillonite (MMT), undergoing the materials to subsequent hydrolysis process and evaluating their loading and potential for slow release of agricultural nutrients. The hydrolyzed material obtained excellent results in terms of swelling degree, about five times higher than hydrogels commonly found in the literature and presented loading capacity values of two sources of nutrients - urea (macronutrient) and sodium octaborate (micronutrient) - above to the generally reported. Finally, it was shown that the nanocomposites structure played a key role to control the release of nutrient sources, whereas the MMt content in the material controlled the total amount charged and reduced the release kinetics of nutrient for solution. Through X-ray diffraction, good nanodispersion (intercalation) and exfoliation of the clay platelets in the polymeric hydrogel matrix were revealed, mainly for the hydrolyzed nanocomposites. FTIR analysis indicated that incorporation of the MMt with the polymer matrix of the hydrogel occurred, and this incorporation increased the rate of water and nutrient solution absorption (indicated by higher values in kinetic constant k). The presence of MMt in the nanocomposite was shown as a decisive factor for the application viability, since it determined the increasing in mechanical strength, improved thermal properties and loading capacity for nutrient sources, also contributing significantly to the reduction of the final price of material. The results showed that nanocomposites are potentially applicable in agricultural systems as a carrier of nutrients sources.
Complexos de rutênio contendo lapachol e lausona: síntese, caracterização e suas propriedades quimioterapêuticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Oliveira, Katia Mara de
;
Batista, Alzir Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8218994148704667
The present work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of new ruthenium complexes containing the naphthoquinones lapachol and lawsone, due to the interesting biological properties exhibited by them. Complexes of general formula [Ru(L)(dppb)(N-N)]PF6, trans-[Ru(L)(PPh3)2(N-N)] PF6 and cis-[Ru(PPh3)2(lap)2] where L refers to the ligands lapachol (lap) or lawsone (lau), N-N corresponds to 2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'- dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10- phenanthroline, dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane and PPh3 = triphenylphosphine. All synthesized compounds were characterized by molar conductivity, elemental analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, 31P{1H}, 1H and 13C{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, and for some complexes, by X-ray crystallography. The complexes were evaluated with respect their cytotoxic activity in tumor lines cell MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and L929 (normal mouse fibroblast), which showed very promising results with IC50 values in the range 0.12 to 1.11 μM. In addition, the complexes proved to be more active than the reference drug, cisplatin, which has IC50 μM to 13.98 MCF-7 lineage and 20.14 uM to L929. For the purpose of elucidating the possible mechanism of complex action, studies of interaction with DNA and with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were performed.
A criação de amigos imaginários: um estudo com crianças brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Velludo, Natália Benincasa
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Souza, Débora de Hollanda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9252163931721056
The creation of imaginary companions is a phenomenon that has been timidly explored in the international literature in Psychology and Psychiatry. More specifically, there are still important questions regarding who are the children that create imaginary companions and the role that fantasy plays in emotional and cognitive development. In recent years, several studies investigating symbolic play have been conducted in Brazil, however, according to three different data bases (SciELO-Brasil, Index Psi, PePSIC), there are only two national studies on the topic of imaginary companions, suggesting a yet limited understanding of the manifestation of this phenomenon in Brazilian children. Considering this gap in the literature, as well as the potential contributions of studies on this type of fantasy, the present research aimed, therefore, to investigate this form of pretend play in a sample of Brazilian children, and to be the first study in Brazil to investigate the relationship between the creation of imaginary companions and sociocognitive development. Our hypothesis was that children with imaginary companions would have significantly higher scores than the comparison group in measures of language, social cognition and engagement in fantasy. Forty children between 6 and 7 years of age (M age = 7;1, SD = 5.29), 21 girls and 19 boys, participated in the study and were recruited from an elementary public school in a city located in the state of São Paulo. Eighteen participants were included in the group of children who reported an imaginary companion and 22 in the group of children who did not. To test for possible differences between the two groups, three measures of theory-of-mind, emotional comprehension and language were used, as well as an interview about fantasy orientation and the characteristics of their imaginary companions. In addition, a questionnaire assessing socioeconomic status and an interview about the family and the child s fantasy world were administered to 11 participating caretakers. As predicted, children s reports of imaginary companions were rich and seemed to serve similar functions to the ones found in previous international studies (e.g., company, fun, emotional support). Children with imaginary companions had higher vocabulary scores than children who did not report them, but no significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to theory of mind and emotional comprehension. Such line of research can help to demystify this form of pretend play, to which little attention is given in the media and in the scientific community, as well as to collaborate with the instruction of parents and educators on the creation of imaginary companions, and finally, to contribute to international research by providing data from a specific culture. Moreover, the present study provides evidence that the creation of imaginary companions is not associated with any developmental deficits; on the contrary, it can be a predictor of more sophisticated abilities such as higher vocabulary.
O desenvolvimento da percepção intercultural no processo de aprendizagem de espanhol como língua estrangeira: um estudo sobre potencialidades da mediação fílmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Quiroga, Valeria Verónica
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Viana, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5011780446471480
The theme of this research arises from the researcher s experience as a teacher of Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL). This debate specifically began by problematizing cinema as a supporting and complementary teaching resource to the process of teaching and learning a language. The sociolinguistics of Dell Hymes (1971) subsidizes us with the theoretical elements to link the questions that compound the subject of this investigation. The scope of this research involves: 1) analyzing two films from the New Argentine Cinema, showing them as disseminators of identity and cultural characteristics of the country; 2) answering how cinema as a disseminator of these characteristics can influence intercultural awareness of Spanish as a Foreign Language learners. Examples in Hymes s sociolinguistic theory are scenic and denote the critical point that justifies this investigation. Moreover, this approach reveals an intercultural aspect, considering the exchange between both cultures we will present the expressions Brasilidade and Argentinidade and how these perceptions are understood by the learners of SFL. We used two films: Historias Mínimas (2002) and El Camino de San Diego (2006) both directed by Carlos Sorin. These films were chosen for two reasons: a) Due to references to Brazil that appear in the film; b) both films were shot in regions that are distant from the capital of Argentina, so it broadens the perspectives of the learner about the country s culture. Our intention with the focus on both films was to verify previous social representations about the aspects of the culture of each country Brazil as the country of the learners and Argentina as the country of the selected films. For data analysis we used the theory of social representations of Moscovici (2012). Secondly, a discussion was developed following the methodological guidance of focus group, in order to verify the speech of learners and their perception regarding the intercultural aspects verified in the films. The development of this research was based on the studies of cinema of Sadoul (1960), Pujol Ozonas (2011), Costa (1985), Amado (2009), Tranchini (2007), Ferro (1991), film as a documentary source by Dabul and Bauer (2008), as well as the studies in which cinema is associated to teaching practice in the context of Foreign Language teaching, such as Lonergan (1984), Ruiz Fajardo (1993), Napolitano (2003), Garcia-De-Stefani (2010), among others. Furthermore, we deal with studies on culture based on Thompson (2011), Geertz (1973), Malinowski (1960,1986) and Viana (2003), on identity perspectives, by Hall (2005, 2009), Cardoso de Oliveira (1976), Barros (2009), Vargas (2007), Shumway (2008) and on intercultural competence by Byram (1995, 1997), Alsina (1999) and Oliveras (2000), that Santos (2004) calls intercultural communicative approach, implying a dialogue of cultures.