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Impacto de políticas públicas em comunidade quilombola: Senhor do Bonfim-PB, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-18) Yogi, Euriko dos Santos; Bertazzo, Cláudio José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1154385746854757; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4451572975536795
This research discussed the impacts of public policies for family farming on traditional knowledge and agricultural practices in maroon community Senhor do Bonfim-PB. Part of the hypothesis that these policies by prioritizing economic side, insert the community elements of the modernized agriculture, something inconsistent with the text of the law to encourage family farming which had the objective of social, environmental and economic sustainability. We used qualitative research using semi-structured interviews, participant observation and participatory methodologies. We found that some public policies influencing the farmers' productive way, these actions end up inserting elements in the modernization of agriculture and influence the mode of production.
O ensino da Arte: entrelugares da estética à (re)significação do trabalho docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-18) Santos, Odirlei Paulino dos; Fernandes, Hylio Laganá; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561718257992273
This study aimed to find the context of a São Paulo public school, regarding to Art, highlighting main proposals developed with students of Elementary School I. Therefore, the following questions have also been delimited: Which senses are elaborated and constructed by the referred teachers about the teaching of Art? How to render as problematic and (re)signify them as from the collective analysis of teaching work? Starting with the research on education proposals, a qualitative study was performed, taking reflection and analysis of scientific texts as methodological procedures, official documents on teaching of Art. Faced with this, the didactic proposal of teachers, taking as an anchor the Cultural-Historical perspective ideas and studies of the “Art-Education” contributions. It was evidenced, as from the questioning activities offered to the students and theoretical contributions, that working with the Visual Arts was resized: the place of art in the weekly plan was reviewed, there was a greater concern on discussing the visual elements that constitute the work, historical contextualization of the art object and the artist himself, the emergence of didactic proposals, with broader creation possibilities by the students and the classroom reconfiguration, as a space to use art. Evidences can be verified on teacher’s reports, in the weekly plan and observations made by the researcher.
Projeto, construção e desenvolvimento metodológico de um aparelho de destilação. Estudo de caso: produção de etanol anidro via destilação extrativa utilizando glicerol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-18) Jardim, Herbert Aires Sousa Pereira Magalhães; Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2891699667804564
Ethanol is a renewable fuel produced from biomass. Starting in 1975, Brazil began a national program to promote ethanol production in large scale, the ProAlcool Programme. In the harvest 2012/13 it was produced 23.64 billion of litters of ethanol, from that 9.85 billion was in anhydrous form. The anhydrous ethanol is mainly used as a gasoline additive. This mix reduces the dependence on fossil fuels, improves the engine performance and reduces the emission of toxic gases. Anydrous ethanol can be produced by azeotropic distillation (cyclohexane), by extractive distillation (mono ethylene glycol) or by molecular sieves technology (zeolytes). The objective of this work was the construction and operation of a distillation apparatus (in a bench scale) with the purpose of evaluating the extractive distillation of hydroalcoholic solutions of ethanol employing glycerol as solvent, in substitution of mono ethylene glycol. The substitution is motivated by several factors indicated by the literature like the biodiesel production growth, whose glycerol is a byproduct; the low toxicity; the superior capacity to promote the relative volatility increase of water-ethanol solution; and the inferior energetic consumption. The column was composed by three glass modules with five perforated plates each module. On the top it was used a glass coil condenser. As reboiler it was used a two litters round bottom boiling flask linked to a heating mantle. The feed of ethanol, solvent (glycerol) and the bottom product withdraw was made with pumps. The distillation system was modelled and simulated in the Aspen Plus software using the RadFrac distillation model and NRTL (non-random two-liquid model) thermodynamic model. Four simulations were made for different ethanol feed compositions (25, 35 and 45 wt %). Three simulations were made without the glycerine feed and one with solvent feed and 35% ethanol feed. The distillation column was operated in total reflux with 0.599 L/h ethanol feed flow and 0.341L/h glycerine feed flow. The systems without the solvent reached a mass purity of ethanol of 94.1% in distillate (45% of ethanol feed). The process with the solvent reached a purity of 99.8% in distillate. The four simulated conditions were experimentally evaluated. The experimental results confirmed that the use of glycerine feed promoted an improvement in separation, reaching distillate purity over 99%. Experiments without the glycerine reached compositions around 90%. Murphree efficiencies were determined in all experiments carried out. For the systems without the solvent the obtained efficiencies were: 45% (25% ethanol feed), 30% (35% ethanol feed), 35% (45% ethanol feed). The system with glycerine feed reached 70% efficiency.