Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-03-21"

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GeoGebra, recurso computacional a favor da aprendizagem matemática no ensino fundamental II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Selli, Luis Fernando
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Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2856954671448904
This paper is related to the application of GeoGebra software in the following topics: Ratio, Proportion, Thales Theorem, Similarities, Similarity of Triangles, Pythagorean Theorem, Trigonometric Ratios in the Triangle Rectangle, Number and circumference. Initially all the contents were thought by traditional method, board and chalk. Therefore the GeoGebra software was applied. It was developed to teachers and students (9th grade) of an elementary school involved in these activities. Positive and negative results were showed but there is a perspective of improvement. All the stages are separately related to help the understanding. The object is the analyses about the importance and relevancy of using computerized mathematical tools during the learning process.
Diclosulam e sulfentrazone no manejo das plantas infestantes na cultura da soja resistente ao glifosato e efeito da palha e precipitação sobre estes herbicidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Minozzi, Guilherme Barbosa
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Monquero, Patricia Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3296134429563429
The Roundup Ready (RR) soybean facilitated weed management by allowing the use of glyphosate in all stages of crop development. But the continuous use of this herbicide can select resistant weed biotypes and tolerant species, suggesting the need of developing new management practices. Thus, the aim of this proposal was to evaluate the effectiveness of different managements in soybean using residual and post-emergent herbicides in the control of weeds and the interference caused by straw and rainfall on the efficacy of the herbicides diclosulam and sulfentrazone. In the first experiment, in the field, was used the randomized block design with four repetitions and 14 treatments, involving the application of glyphosate (712 g ha-1) + 2,4-D (670 g ha-1) in the burndown application of weeds, 14 days before planting soybeans, with and without the presence of residual herbicides, diclosulam (29.4 g ha-1) and sulfentrazone (600 g ha-1), and treatments with glyphosate in post emergence at a single time in stages V2 (Second fully expanded trifoliate) or V4 (Fourth fully expanded trifoliate) at the dose (712 g ha-1) or in both stages V2 and V4 (356 g ha-1 in each one). In the second trial, in the greenhouse, was used a randomized block design with four repetitions in a factorial 2 x 3 x 5, being two herbicides diclosulam (29.4 g ha-1) and sulfentrazone (600 g ha-1), three levels of corn straw on the soil surface (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1) and five simulations of 20mm of rain (without rain, 24, 72, 120 and 240 hours after application of the herbicide), each experimental unit consisted of a vase and after rain simulation was sown in pots one biomarker, which was assessed for phytotoxicity. In the field experiment, it was noted the importance of applying a residual herbicide in the burndown, to reduce applications of glyphosate in post emergence, the treatment with diclosulam and a single application of glyphosate in V4 promoted the highest soybean yield of 3484,93 kg ha-1 against 719 kg ha-1 of the untreated treatment. In green house interaction was observed between the amount of straw (which can intercept the jet sprayed) and the time of occurrence of rain after application of herbicides and in this case diclosulam proved to be less dependent of water to reach its target.
Espectro do operador Laplaciano de Dirichlet em tubos deformados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Mamani, Carlos Ronal Mamani
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Verri, Alessandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794549732815622
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7491471460040429
Let Ω be a deformed tube in R3 and −∆Ω D the Dirichlet Laplacian operator in Ω. In this work, we are going to study the spectrum σ(−∆Ω D) of the operator −∆Ω D. More precisely, we are going to analize how the geometrical characteris- tics of Ω can influence in the set σ(−∆Ω D). Firstly, we are going to show that, under certain conditions, the essential spectrum σess(−∆Ω D) of −∆Ω D is the same, independent if the tube is straight, curved or twisted. In regard to the discrete spectrum σdis(−∆Ω D) of −∆Ω D, we are going to show that if Ω is a curved tube, then σdis(−∆Ω D) is a non empty set. Furthermore, if Ω is a twisted tube, then σdis(−∆Ω D) is a empty set. In the case where Ω is lightly curved and twisted simultaneously, we are going to see that the discrete spectrum remains empty.
Aplicacão de LC-SPE/NMR na caracterização de substâncias isoladas de cultivos da bactéria marinha Streptomyces cebimarensis SS99BA-2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Thomasi, Sérgio Scherrer
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Venâncio, Tiago
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438399441102990
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2430552009733935
Marine microorganisms are living beings with extraordinary abilities, once they have developed physiological and metabolic capabilities that allow them to survive in an environment filled with adverse conditions, such as high pressure, excessive salinity and extreme temperatures. Thus, these living beings have great potential for the production of metabolites which normally cannot be produced by soil bacteria. The overall objective of this study was to elucidate the metabolite profile of the bacterium Streptomyces cebimarensis SS99BA-2 isolated from marine sediment in São Sebastião, a city located in the northern coast of São Paulo State, using the LC-SPE/NMR hyphenated technology. Ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of bacterial fermentation broths showed, respectively, biological activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, and cytotoxic activity against tumour cells SF-295 (central nervous system). The optimization of the chromatographic conditions, together with the optimization of parameters for SPE retention, and for NMR acquisition and processing, led to the identification of at least eight known substances. This strategy did not require bench isolation methods, from very small amounts, approximately 3 mg, of crude extracts and permited to identify: maltol, 5-hydroximaltol, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid, N-acetyltyramine, isomaltol, 3-(N)-propanesulfonic acid, dehydroxinocardamine and nocardamine. In addition, six new compounds were isolated, including four belonging to a rare class of pyrazin-2(1H)-onic secondary metabolites named: giovaninone A, giovaninone B, giovaninone C and giovaninone D, and two belonging to an extremely cytotoxic class of antitumor phosphated polyketides: thomasicine A and thomasicine B. The results show that the LC-SPE/NMR coupling technology is extremely useful in the natural products field, since organic compounds can be identified in a rapid, safe and reproductible way. Moreover, it can be observed that the chemistry of marine microorganisms is still very little explored and reveal a promising field in the obtaining of potential candidates for pharmaceuticals, since these organisms are able to be cultivated in large scale through the use of bioreactors.
Estimativas de magnitudes da dinâmica quântica envolvendo dimensões de Hausdorff e de empacotamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Olivares, Erick Andrés de La Barra
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Oliveira, César Rogério de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5485204156806697
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5215387956833551
In this work we approach the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics from the point of view of mathematical physics; we present estimates of some dynamical quantities that are used to describe the return probability to the initial state. Such estimates are related to Hausdorff and packing dimensions of the relevant spectral measures. After defining such dimensions we discuss some tools to characterize the quantum dynamics of a particle in one dimension. Then we summarize some standard facts from the literature and the quantities we are interested in. Finally, as an application, estimates of some dynamical quantities based on concepts from statistical mechanics are presented.
Apoio matricial e institucional: investigando interfaces com a Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e Comunidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Beker, Karine Kyomi
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Feliciano, Adriana Barbieri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9398810638733882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8696056687358023
The Family Health Strategy (FHS) is focused on family and community, acting through strategies of promotion, prevention, recovery and rehabilitation. Complementing the actions of family health teams, matrix support consists in an organizational arrangement that offers specialized care as much rear of technical and pedagogical support teams and institutional support is intended to facilitate the spaces of co-management and joint teams, enabling the expansion of capacity and facilitating analysis of the process of reflection on the difficulties of everyday life. The need for training of professionals capable of these changes in health services has encouraged the creation and development of Multiprofessional Residences in Health. The Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and the Municipal Health Secretariat of the municipality proposed the insertion of the Multiprofessional Residence in Health Family and Community (RMSFC) in municipal health network, in which residents work in the logic of FHS. The study aimed to understand the interfaces between activities as supporters and the process experienced in training RMSFC UFSCar. This is a qualitative study and by applying via online, a questionnaire with open and closed to graduates of the period 2007-2012 residency program questions, 21 answers to the questionnaire were obtained. Empirical data were examined using thematic analysis and divided into two themes: support and network school. For each theme, two categories were compiled: matrix support as an activity that focuses on care, the organization of the work process as the focus of institutional support, practical learning scenarios theoretical and practical training and theoretical spaces. The matrix support actions related to health care were assigned, while institutional support refers to the organization of the work process, according to the same. The scenario of practical and theoretical learning as well as the use of tools of lifelong education favor the formation of capable workers to collective actions, presenting augmenting elements for both supports, in particular the matrix. It appears, therefore, that the political pedagogical project (PPP) and the organizational arrangement of the residency program were developed and established in order to promote the full learning on the matrix support. The same is not true with respect to institutional support, for which some gaps should be analyzed. However, if the PPP does not endorse this type of support, the management powers of the work contained in assignments and assessments of residents, includes unique elements of the institutional support. In light of the theoretical framework, discusses the importance of integration between the educational institution and the municipal health system, providing residents an apprenticeship in which practice and theory complement each other. Thus it is apparent that, with this approach, fosters the formation of workers to adequate Unified Health System can affirm that there is an interface between the training process experienced in the residence and the practice of both supports listing, Top basement of the matrix support.
Especiação química de As e Cd por HPLC-ICP-MS em forrageira Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. cv. Marandu cultivada em solo previamente contaminado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Amaral, Clarice Dias do
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
Recent research and advances in analytical chemistry show that the total content determination of an element, although it is essential, is limited since it is not sufficient to provide information about the bioavailability and toxicity of the species. Furthermore, plants are usually the main route of chemical elements (essential or toxic) entry in the food chain. Arsenic speciation in plants is important since it can be found in inorganic forms, more toxic, or methylated forms, less toxic. Moreover, both As and Cd can bind to phytochelatins (tri peptides) that are formed in plant tissue as a defense mechanism to the stress caused by potentially toxic elements. This research project aimed the determination and speciation of As and Cd in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu forage grown in previously contaminated soil. In the first part of the work, these contaminants were added to the soil and after a certain period of time the forages were harvested, frozen-dried and ground in freezer mill containing liquid N2. As well as it was determined the total content of As and Cd by ICP-QMS. The mean concentrations found were 2.3 ± 0.27 mg kg-1 of As and 2.9 ± 0.07 mg kg-1 of Cd. In the second part of the work, the separation and identification of As(III), As(V), MMA (monomethylarsonic acid), and DMA (dimethylarsinic acid) species were performed using an anion exchange column and HPLC-ICPMS. Different sample preparation involving water, diluted nitric acid solution and a water methanol mixtures were evaluated in order to extract As species in plant samples. The interference standard (IFS) method using 83Kr+, was employed to minimize spectral interferences on 75As+ determination caused by polyatomic species such as 40Ar35Cl+. The procedure that presented the best xiv performance was the one using nitric acid solution with extractions carried out at 90 ºC, an efficiency of 90 % and quantitative extraction of all four As species were achieved. Improvement in accuracy from 77 % to 94 % was obtained using the IFS method. The third part of the work evaluated the As species stability in samples stored under different temperatures along 12 months, with periodical determination of them (each two months). It can be concluded that for As species evaluated, lyophilization and frozen-dried were the best sample preparation strategies. Sample storage at low temperatures resulted in poor extraction efficiency, furthermore, the sample particle size was the critical factor for choosing the best processing and storage procedure of sample. The fourth part addressed the evaluation of As-phytochelatin and Cd-phytochelatins species using HPLC-ICP-MS for the isotopes determination and HPLC-ESI-MS in order to do the phytochelatins analysis. Phytochelatins were not found in the samples stored for long periods, even at low temperatures, which demonstrates the species instability. Freshly-harvested and extracted samples were analyzed by ESI-MS and mainly glutathione (m/z 308); the phytochelatins PC2 (m/z 540) and PC3 (m/z 772), their respective oxidized forms and the compound As-PC3 (m/z 844) were found among roots, leaves and stems. The new legal requirements and trade restrictions require the development of analytical procedures to measure metalloid species in a variety of animal and plant tissues. With the combination of techniques such as ICP-MS and ESI-MS coupled to HPLC has become feasible the determination of uncommon species.
Desenvolvimento de nanocompósitos baseados em hidrogéis aplicados à liberação de nutrientes agrícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Bortolin, Adriel
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6389000762427080
Nanocomposites were developed based on polyacrylamide hydrogels (PAAm) and methylcellulose (MC) reinforced with montmorillonite (MMT), undergoing the materials to subsequent hydrolysis process and evaluating their loading and potential for slow release of agricultural nutrients. The hydrolyzed material obtained excellent results in terms of swelling degree, about five times higher than hydrogels commonly found in the literature and presented loading capacity values of two sources of nutrients - urea (macronutrient) and sodium octaborate (micronutrient) - above to the generally reported. Finally, it was shown that the nanocomposites structure played a key role to control the release of nutrient sources, whereas the MMt content in the material controlled the total amount charged and reduced the release kinetics of nutrient for solution. Through X-ray diffraction, good nanodispersion (intercalation) and exfoliation of the clay platelets in the polymeric hydrogel matrix were revealed, mainly for the hydrolyzed nanocomposites. FTIR analysis indicated that incorporation of the MMt with the polymer matrix of the hydrogel occurred, and this incorporation increased the rate of water and nutrient solution absorption (indicated by higher values in kinetic constant k). The presence of MMt in the nanocomposite was shown as a decisive factor for the application viability, since it determined the increasing in mechanical strength, improved thermal properties and loading capacity for nutrient sources, also contributing significantly to the reduction of the final price of material. The results showed that nanocomposites are potentially applicable in agricultural systems as a carrier of nutrients sources.
Complexos de rutênio contendo lapachol e lausona: síntese, caracterização e suas propriedades quimioterapêuticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Oliveira, Katia Mara de
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8218994148704667
The present work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of new ruthenium complexes containing the naphthoquinones lapachol and lawsone, due to the interesting biological properties exhibited by them. Complexes of general formula [Ru(L)(dppb)(N-N)]PF6, trans-[Ru(L)(PPh3)2(N-N)] PF6 and cis-[Ru(PPh3)2(lap)2] where L refers to the ligands lapachol (lap) or lawsone (lau), N-N corresponds to 2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'- dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10- phenanthroline, dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane and PPh3 = triphenylphosphine. All synthesized compounds were characterized by molar conductivity, elemental analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, 31P{1H}, 1H and 13C{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, and for some complexes, by X-ray crystallography. The complexes were evaluated with respect their cytotoxic activity in tumor lines cell MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and L929 (normal mouse fibroblast), which showed very promising results with IC50 values in the range 0.12 to 1.11 μM. In addition, the complexes proved to be more active than the reference drug, cisplatin, which has IC50 μM to 13.98 MCF-7 lineage and 20.14 uM to L929. For the purpose of elucidating the possible mechanism of complex action, studies of interaction with DNA and with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were performed.
A criação de amigos imaginários: um estudo com crianças brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Velludo, Natália Benincasa
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Souza, Débora de Hollanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9252163931721056
The creation of imaginary companions is a phenomenon that has been timidly explored in the international literature in Psychology and Psychiatry. More specifically, there are still important questions regarding who are the children that create imaginary companions and the role that fantasy plays in emotional and cognitive development. In recent years, several studies investigating symbolic play have been conducted in Brazil, however, according to three different data bases (SciELO-Brasil, Index Psi, PePSIC), there are only two national studies on the topic of imaginary companions, suggesting a yet limited understanding of the manifestation of this phenomenon in Brazilian children. Considering this gap in the literature, as well as the potential contributions of studies on this type of fantasy, the present research aimed, therefore, to investigate this form of pretend play in a sample of Brazilian children, and to be the first study in Brazil to investigate the relationship between the creation of imaginary companions and sociocognitive development. Our hypothesis was that children with imaginary companions would have significantly higher scores than the comparison group in measures of language, social cognition and engagement in fantasy. Forty children between 6 and 7 years of age (M age = 7;1, SD = 5.29), 21 girls and 19 boys, participated in the study and were recruited from an elementary public school in a city located in the state of São Paulo. Eighteen participants were included in the group of children who reported an imaginary companion and 22 in the group of children who did not. To test for possible differences between the two groups, three measures of theory-of-mind, emotional comprehension and language were used, as well as an interview about fantasy orientation and the characteristics of their imaginary companions. In addition, a questionnaire assessing socioeconomic status and an interview about the family and the child s fantasy world were administered to 11 participating caretakers. As predicted, children s reports of imaginary companions were rich and seemed to serve similar functions to the ones found in previous international studies (e.g., company, fun, emotional support). Children with imaginary companions had higher vocabulary scores than children who did not report them, but no significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to theory of mind and emotional comprehension. Such line of research can help to demystify this form of pretend play, to which little attention is given in the media and in the scientific community, as well as to collaborate with the instruction of parents and educators on the creation of imaginary companions, and finally, to contribute to international research by providing data from a specific culture. Moreover, the present study provides evidence that the creation of imaginary companions is not associated with any developmental deficits; on the contrary, it can be a predictor of more sophisticated abilities such as higher vocabulary.
O desenvolvimento da percepção intercultural no processo de aprendizagem de espanhol como língua estrangeira: um estudo sobre potencialidades da mediação fílmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-21)
Quiroga, Valeria Verónica
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Viana, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5011780446471480
The theme of this research arises from the researcher s experience as a teacher of Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL). This debate specifically began by problematizing cinema as a supporting and complementary teaching resource to the process of teaching and learning a language. The sociolinguistics of Dell Hymes (1971) subsidizes us with the theoretical elements to link the questions that compound the subject of this investigation. The scope of this research involves: 1) analyzing two films from the New Argentine Cinema, showing them as disseminators of identity and cultural characteristics of the country; 2) answering how cinema as a disseminator of these characteristics can influence intercultural awareness of Spanish as a Foreign Language learners. Examples in Hymes s sociolinguistic theory are scenic and denote the critical point that justifies this investigation. Moreover, this approach reveals an intercultural aspect, considering the exchange between both cultures we will present the expressions Brasilidade and Argentinidade and how these perceptions are understood by the learners of SFL. We used two films: Historias Mínimas (2002) and El Camino de San Diego (2006) both directed by Carlos Sorin. These films were chosen for two reasons: a) Due to references to Brazil that appear in the film; b) both films were shot in regions that are distant from the capital of Argentina, so it broadens the perspectives of the learner about the country s culture. Our intention with the focus on both films was to verify previous social representations about the aspects of the culture of each country Brazil as the country of the learners and Argentina as the country of the selected films. For data analysis we used the theory of social representations of Moscovici (2012). Secondly, a discussion was developed following the methodological guidance of focus group, in order to verify the speech of learners and their perception regarding the intercultural aspects verified in the films. The development of this research was based on the studies of cinema of Sadoul (1960), Pujol Ozonas (2011), Costa (1985), Amado (2009), Tranchini (2007), Ferro (1991), film as a documentary source by Dabul and Bauer (2008), as well as the studies in which cinema is associated to teaching practice in the context of Foreign Language teaching, such as Lonergan (1984), Ruiz Fajardo (1993), Napolitano (2003), Garcia-De-Stefani (2010), among others. Furthermore, we deal with studies on culture based on Thompson (2011), Geertz (1973), Malinowski (1960,1986) and Viana (2003), on identity perspectives, by Hall (2005, 2009), Cardoso de Oliveira (1976), Barros (2009), Vargas (2007), Shumway (2008) and on intercultural competence by Byram (1995, 1997), Alsina (1999) and Oliveras (2000), that Santos (2004) calls intercultural communicative approach, implying a dialogue of cultures.
O estudo em grupos para a 2ª fase da OBMEP 2013 e resoluções de questões em vídeo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-22)
Dias, Edgar Heliodoro Vendramelli
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Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9416777759260664
This dissertation presents the study done on Municipal School Professor Valdomiro Casagrande, town of Dois Córregos SP about the Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad of Public Schools (OBMEP 2013), working with study groups who sought a better preparation of students for the proof of the second phase in 2013. The dissertation was developed using Didactic Engineering, passing through the steps of previous analyses, a priori concepts, application of experience and a posteriori analyses. This work presents the results obtained with these study groups, awards won by students in 2013 and also the results obtained in the motivational issue much required for mathematic education. Still on the work, are made critical analysis of issues of proof of OBMEP 2010, OBMEP 2011, OBMEP 2012 and OBMEP 2013 (first and second phases), with students and teachers feedback about the content addressed in evidence and with the mathematical theory that each one presented. The work presents the making of an educational DVD, non-profit, with resolutions of issues of OBMEP 2013 (second phase) elaborated by the participating students of the second phase and by the school Mediator, DVD which will be exposed in the Blog of the school and Will serve as material for dissemination of OBMEP 2014 at school and in the municipality.
Classificação de data streams utilizando árvore de decisão estatística e a teoria dos fractais na análise evolutiva dos dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-24)
Cazzolato, Mirela Teixeira
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Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5404143204431052
A data stream is generated in a fast way, continuously, ordered, and in large quantities. To process data streams there must be considered, among others factors, the limited use of memory, the need of real-time processing, the accuracy of the results and the concept drift (which occurs when there is a change in the concept of the data being analyzed). Decision tree is a popular form of representation of the classifier, that is intuitive and fast to build, generally obtaining high accuracy. The techniques of incremental decision trees present in the literature generally have high computational costs to construct and update the model, especially regarding the calculation to split the decision nodes. The existent methods have a conservative characteristic to deal with limited amounts of data, tending to improve their results as the number of examples increases. Another problem is that many real-world applications generate data with noise, and the existing techniques have a low tolerance to these events. This work aims to develop decision tree methods for data streams, that supply the deficiencies of the current state of the art. In addition, another objective is to develop a technique to detect concept drift using the fractal theory. This functionality should indicate when there is a need to correct the model, allowing the adequate description of most recent events. To achieve the objectives, three decision tree algorithms were developed: StARMiner Tree, Automatic StARMiner Tree, and Information Gain StARMiner Tree. These algorithms use a statistical method as heuristic to split the nodes, which is not dependent on the number of examples and is fast. In the experiments the algorithms achieved high accuracy, also showing a tolerant behavior in the classification of noisy data. Finally, a drift detection method was proposed to detect changes in the data distribution, based on the fractal theory. The method, called Fractal Detection Method, detects significant changes on the data distribution, causing the model to be updated when it does not describe the data (becoming obsolete). The method achieved good results in the classification of data containing concept drift, proving to be suitable for evolutionary analysis of data.
Modelagem e simulação de uma destilaria autônoma de produção de etanol de primeira geração (E1G)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-24)
Fonseca, Gabriel de Castro
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4378950347916839
Most of the operations in an autonomous distillery for production of ethanol are carried on in a continuous fashion. The fermentation stage, however, may be projected to work either continously or semicontinuously. The steady-sate continuous operation (after the start-up) may be easily coupled to other unit operations of the process. On the other hand, in the semicountinuous operation, each fermentation vat operates in unsteady state, thus it is necessary to design a set of vats that enables the coupling between the fermentation and the process, which may be challenging. This study intended to implement mathematical models in EMSO process simulator of both industrial configurations of the fermentation process: a system of six parallel fed-batch bioreactors and a system of four continuous steady-state bioreactors in series. The process was modeled at macroscopic level based on the material balances for cells, substrate and product. Kinectic models accounting for product and substrate inhibition were used. Both configurations were added to a previously built model of a complete autonomous distillery in which the fermentation stage was represented by a stoichiometric conversion model. In the fed-batch process, due to the solution of mass and energy balances in the fermenters, it was possible to observe the temporal evolution of variables such as the concentrations of yeast, sugar and ethanol in their interiors, the volume of solution in each fermenter and the rate of heat removal needed in order to keep the fermenters temperatures constant. The simulated autonomous distillery processes 500 t/h of cane with varying levels of sucrose. For a content of 13% sucrose, 338.0 t/h of centrifugated wine were obtained in the continuous operation, containing 8.3% by weight of ethanol, which resulted in the production of 30.1 t/h of hydrate ethanol containing 93.5% ethyl alcohol in weight. In fed-batch operation, 417.5 t/h of centrifugated wine (6.3% ethanol by weight), which resulted in 27.9 t/h of hydrous ethanol (93.5% by mass). In both configurations, simulations were performed to evaluate the influence of the sucrose content in the process input (11 to 15% by weight of sucrose) over the process response. The results of these simulations were compared to those obtained for the model of stoichiometric conversion under the same conditions. Regarding the three evaluated configurations for the fermentation stage, it was observed that the model of stoichiometric conversion can be properly employed in the simulations, being mostly suitable for optimization studies of the autonomous distillery with semicontinuous operation due to its fast convergence. However, it is worth mentioning that the inhibitory effects are not reproduced in the fermentation step for this model, thus preliminary studies should be performed using the mathematical model implemented in continuous or discontinuous configuration.
Avaliação do catalisador CTA-MCM-41, modificado por poliacrilatos, na transesterificação de monoéster
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-24)
Cruz, Fernanda Tátia
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Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9642834984473672
The silica hybrid CTA-MCM-41 (where CTA is the cetyltrimethylammonium cation) was synthesized and used in the transesterification of ethyl acetate with methanol. This is a model reaction used to test basic catalysts for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and fats. The basic sites in the catalyst consist of siloxy anions associated with CTA cations. In earlier work, it was found that progressive deactivation of the catalyst occurred when it was reused, due to leaching of the CTA cations located within the pores and on the external surface, resulting in partial loss of the basicity required for this type of reaction. The challenge of the present work was to stabilize the catalytic activity of CTA-MCM-41 by restricting the loss of cations from its interior (since the basicity derives from the interaction between the CTA cation and the siloxy anion). To this end, novel modifications were made to the synthesis of CTA-MCM-41, involving the encapsulation of acrylate monomers in the hydrophobic interior of the micelles followed by their subsequent polymerization using the application of ultraviolet irradiation together with a photoinitiator. The polymers formed then interacted with the hydrophobic tails of the micelles, which restricted the exit of CTA from the interior of the pores, hence improving the stability of the catalyst. The combination of the traditional synthesis method with polymerization using a microemulsion is innovative, because there are no reports in the literature that describe a synthesis in which the initial step is performed using emulsified polymers. The emulsions and the synthesized solids were evaluated using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The materials were also analyzed by Xray diffraction, elemental (CHN) analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry. All these techniques helped to identify the presence of the monomer, as well as the polymer, in the channels of the CTA-MCM-41. It was confirmed that the presence of the polymer increased the catalytic stability of these new silica hybrids applied in the transesterification reaction.
Encontro de palavras em procedimentos restaurativos uma visão possível sobre a linguagem e seu funcionamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-24)
Dias, Ana Beatriz Ferreira
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4121810228256604
Wiht this research, we offer our counterwords to practices of restorative justice developed in instances of juvenile criminal justice. Restless with the tactics of prevention and solution of conflicts that are being proposed by the restorative justice, we look forward to comprehend language elements and their operation on a modality of meeting called Restorative Circle , usually considered the main part of restorative procedures. More specifically, this work deals with the possibility of finding, in restorative practices carried out on oficial justice system, what Ponzio understands by other word , a singular and free word, marked by the right of otherness. Thus, the objective of this work consists in put ourselves listening to other word on restorative practices inserted in a context dominated by retributive justice, hegemonic view in judiciary system. To do this work, we take as its central signical materiality audio and video records from two Restorative Circles that occurred in 2009, by the Programa Justiça para o Século XXI (Justice for the 21 Century Program), by the Central of Restorative Practices Court of Childhood and Youth, to support the activities of the Third Pole of Regional Court of Childhood and Youth in Porto Alegre, instance that is responsible by the execution of social and educational measures. The comprehensions of the texts are based on the theoreticalmethodological assumptions suggested by Bakhtin Circle, which are here developed according to the evidenciary research paradigm proposed by Ginzburg. Considering the interpretive path we have traced in this research, we divided the methodology in two great parts: steps of selection and steps of comprehension. The first one comprises a set of necessary actions on the beginning of this research, envolving, to this the selection of objective reality, from the choosing of the central materialities to the checking of the research feasibility. The second one refers to the set of methodological guidelines adopted to guide the comprehensions of the texts. This step was done based on the four necessary moments of analysis and interpretation of the texts proposed by Bakhtin and developed by Geraldi: 1) The perception of the material dimensions of sign in this work, the unity of perception was centered on the word as an ideological sign. 2) Its recognition. 3) The comprehension of its meaning in certain contexts. 4) The active-dialogic comprehension of the texts. Witht this work, we understand that the meeting of words in the Restorative Circles have ideological conditions and practices to contribute to both the deconstruction of the realities of the identity humanism, world view that sustains the dominant social relations, and the construction of a new humanism, the otherness one. Listening to the other word is a way tha could take to the humanization (the otherness humanism) of the social relations among victims, ofensors and their comunities of support, contribuiting, consequently, to the judiciary in order to reframe its actions.
O MSN de papel: um gênero também argumentativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-24)
Moreno, Carolline Gabriela Leite
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Brito, Maria Isabel de Moura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643801218794087
MSN Paper proposal is constituted of written interaction, in the form of conversation, via notebook paper. It can involve two or more students, having that the interaction is developed through the exchange of rotations which may have the format of question/answer, assertive/response. At long last, this is the development of chat talk inside the classroom with a different tool from that usually used, once this is what is available to them. This proposal was adopted as an alternative pedagogical practice to work on the argumentation of an eighth grade (ninth year), working as a kind of unlock activity to the participant students. However, the object to be analyzed was not taken in its original format in the analysis herein developed, but in a deployment of type, once it was used for the pedagogical work with the argumentation, what makes it to transmute in another type. This transmutation of type consisted in the elaboration of a dialogue in the form the students already knew in pairs, from a theme proposed by the teacher. This practice was adopted in view of the complexity that the conventional argumentative types have assumed to most of the students through the documents and guidelines of education, what makes a lot of students be unsuccessful in the production of this gender. Therefore, the purpose is to expose this alternative practice of argumentative text production in the classroom, used as an ―unlock‖ activity of argumentation, aiming to comprehend its operation and effectiveness, presenting the characteristics of the type ―paper MSN‖ and justifying the reason it configures as that; besides, we will analyze it as an activity responsible/responsive and investigate the presence of that kind of argumentation. It is important to point out that the aim of this paper is to evaluate the language operation, of the argumentation, and not to describe a methodological proposal of the work with the gender, although the paper pervades through that question. The text produced by the students will be analyzed taking into consideration two perspectives: the concept of responsiveness/responsibility of Bakhtin and other aspects which are attached, and the theory of argumentation studied by Selma Leitão, who possesses a perspective cognitive- psychological. We will consider that both the approaches are relevant to the treatment of the gender analyzed, one because it treats the language operation, and the other because it works more specifically with the argumentation, treating as well questions related to the education. As from the analysis realized, we can conclude that the gender enables the students to comprehend the operation of the argumentation; even when they assume, in large scale, the speech of others, of adults, that does not mean that they are omitting themselves, on the contrary, they choose a position to defend. There is a responsible activity there, although the communicative relations will occur in reason of the other, our acts are of entire responsibility, because they are unique and unrepeatable. We understand, as well, that the texts will grow, create a body, always complementing the enunciation produced by the interlocutors; in different moments of the texts analyzed, the idea of an interlocutor is retaken and complemented by the other, what reaffirms the dialogism, the responsiveness. Concerning to the argumentation, in accordance with the theory studied by Leitão, this one occurred in the texts, that means, the format of the gender permitted it to be developed.
A palavra do outro ouvida e respondida: uma compreensão enunciativa sobre a atividade de recontar histórias nas séries iniciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-25)
Cardili, Wuendy Fernanda
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Brito, Maria Isabel de Moura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3337123452909799
On the assumption that a text is the guiding object for both teaching and learning, according to words by Geraldi (2003; 2010), the aim of this study is the analysis of written stories retold by students who are in process to become literate and focuses on how a otherness word becomes their own word in written production. Based on enunciative studies of language and on Bakhtin, it is assumed the idea of language as an interactive process and the constitution of the subject. The literacy is comprehended as a discursive process. Thus, the written language acquisition is considered from the relationship between subjects with, about and of the language. The corpus which permitted such analysis is formed by twenty four texts of middle school students from 2nd grade, written in 2010, based on the story Menina bonita do laço de fita by Ana Maria Machado. The genre retelling constitutes of an activity of retelling and happens to be from the perspective of counter-word of somebody else s discourse, in which the students written productions are the answer to somebody else s discourse.The paradigm of evidence, developed by Ginzburg (1986), is the methodological approach used to analyze the written productions and allows the comprehension of the singularity evidences related to written process. The association between the paradigm of evidence and the studies related to written acquisition allows the comprehension of the subject s dialogical relation processes and language. It was intended to develop a reflexive look at texts from the appropriation of the Otherness word. When in contact with other words, the subjects create their own words and by doing so build up meanings for the story. This creation process about language proves that retelling is not a reproduction, but the production of the new. The author s appropriation of words is assimilated to the subjects own words, in the new retold story, whose meeting the word, results in the production of a new text, a new, single and not-repeated enounced in enunciation chain. The retelling presupposes evaluation, comprehension and active and responsive activity in relation to somebody else s discourse. Thus, the dialogic relationship between some enounced, achieved through the activity of retelling reveals itself as an important strategy to produce meanings, in which the retelling allows a (re) signification of written work in school settings.
Saberes docentes: vozes de professores da infância sobre a educação matemática para crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-25)
Rocha, Maria José da Silva
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2658820524027100
The project objectives are to investigate the knowledge of three teachers from kindergarten, while in training in the context of Curriculum Activity of Integration, Education and Research (ACIEPE), Ludic Science for Kids: assumptions, activities and experiences . This activity was one of three actions that formed part of the Disclosure Project scientific playful Science for Kids: Workshops and outreach activities for Science, Mathematics and Technology for children from 3 to 6 years . This is a qualitative research and a Case Study, in which video recordings compose the methods of analysis and data collecting from an extension kindergarten teachers education course. It was conducted by the following question: What is the knowledge manifested by teachers from kindergarten, in the context of ACIEPE, for mathematical experiences of children aged three to six years, based on the cultural-historical perspective? The categories of knowledge developed by Tardif (2008) are the foundations of the analysis. Results indicate that in the context of continuing education teachers oral narratives are permeated by individual and collective knowledge that intertwine all the time, among them personal, those from school education prior to training for teaching as well as those from programs and textbooks. All of these different kinds of knowledge integrate knowledge of experience.
O êxodo cantado: a formação do caipira para a modernidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-25)
Faustino, Jean Carlo
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Pellegrini, Tânia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280434883580627
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9464988436162691
This thesis is dedicated to the understanding of the rural exodus in Brazil, from the analysis of modas de viola recorded by the duo Tião Carreiro and Pardinho throughout their career which corresponds to the decades in which happened the great demographic change that turned Brazil predominantly into an urban nation. The analysis is concentrated on the themes that reveal the encounter the Brazilian country culture with the modernity and the consequent endeavor of building the conciliation between the modernity and tradition, which it is trying to put itself into the new social and economic context incorporating new values and at the same time trying to preserve the essence of the Brazilian country cultural identity. From this effort, calls our attention on the lyrics, will arise, from one side, a meaning of the historical continuity resulting from the analogy between the challenges of the present and the past, on the other hand, an undisputed feeling of waste. Waste of material and immaterial goods that the narratives picture like a big epic movement of one people under formation trying to live in a new kind of society.