Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-03-31"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 17150

Corpos reverberantes: novas (re)configurações de fitness e wellness nas academias de ginástica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-31)
Rossi, Vanberto José
;
Leite Júnior, Jorge
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8029019783495881
This monograph of completion of the course focuses on the social construction of the body in the environment of the gym. The proposal in general terms, is studying it in their everyday social profiles, delineate aspects of its components and establish some relationships between the gym, the subject and society, seeking to understand these relationships, especially with respect to the amount of this establishment to the current historical moment. The gym configures itself as a "no place", a social and a individual link between the parties and all that there is a large confluence of factors in that environment. On the other hand, there are still some traditional characteristics that perpetuate through the gym. Thus, there is the subject that it uses for the cult of the body, moved or not by social imperatives, and also the one who need it to survive, either through clinical or financial imperatives. These types of subject originate social niches that mediate an exchange of interest result of a universe that hovers between the imperatives of social and individual needs.
Avaliação do desempenho de meios filtrantes fibrosos na remoção de partículas nanométricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-31)
Barros, Priscila Martins de
;
Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7778087902508837
Fibrous filters are highly efficient in removing micrometric particles, but when is related on the removal of particles in the nanometer range, their performance is still poorly understood. During filtration, as the particles are deposited on the filter medium, the pressure drops as much as the collection efficiency tends to increase. Thus, this study aimed to determine the deposition of particles in fibrous filter media and their performance, when clean, during this deposition. A cellulose fiber filter (HEPA) and a polyester one were used in the removal of nanometric particles of NaCl. The deposition was assessed by the pressure drop curves as a function of the accumulated mass. The filter performance was avaliated by counting the particles before and after the filter medium and the pressure was monitored to obtain the filtration curves. The filtration rate was maintained at 6 cm.s-1 and the concentration of the generated solution at 0.0042 L min-1 in a commercial inhaler was 5 g L-1. The results showed that the deposition of these particles ocurred first in the interior of the filters media and then in the surface of both filters. The HEPA filter showed lower permeability, higher specific strength of the cake filtration and lower point of clogging. The efficiencies for the cleaned filters ranged from 99.8 to 100% for the HEPA filter and from 15 to 100% for the polyester filter, for the range of particles avaliated. The theoretical efficiencies fitted to the experimental data in the filter of heterogeneous fibers. For the filter of homogeneous fibers, the data also did fit satisfactorily. Both filters showed, problably in the transition region between the mechanisms of collection, a randomness of experimental data. During deposition, the efficiency of the filter medium increased with the deposition of particles, reaching 100% of efficiency at the end of filtration.
Interpretar o enunciado ou dialogar com a enunciação? uma análise sobre processos de leitura no ENEM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-31)
Branchini, Camila Sabatin
;
Brito, Maria Isabel de Moura
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8640312408255752
This paper discusses the reading concepts that are present on the Enem items, specifically on the tests of Languages, Codes and Their Technologies (LCT), in editions from 2009 to 2013. For this, we adopted as the main theoretical reference of this research the notion of discursive genders, (BAKHTIN, 2010; 2011; MARCUSCHI, 2005) the concept of enuciate and enunciation (BAKHTIN, 2010; BRAIT, 2012; FLOWERS, 2009; GERALDI, 1993) as a basis to substantiate the reading conceptions (BAKHTIN, 2010; GERALDI, 2010; KLEIMAN, 1989; 2006; MARCUSCHI, 2005; Matrix Reference Enem, 2009; FREIRE, 1997; ROJO, 2004.) To support the goals of the Enem test as an instrument of government review, we did a recap of the structure and objectives of the Enem evaluation, through the notion of competence and skill as part of a historical, social, political and economic context that enter politics public in education and become part of the official discourse of the documents (LDB, PCN, PCNE). Contextualization that makes clear how changed the way of evaluate. Others researches has hunched on this content, it points to the relevance of the chosen corpus. Launch a new look, new readings on the corpus, shows the need for ever more clearly the social importance of Enem forming a new way to evaluate We have chosen, for that, two items of each year, starting in 2009, when the advent of the New Enem, to 2013, last evaluation. This choice had as criterions issues related to mother language which utilizes the genders as basis for discussion on the enounced of the questions in the test. From a theoretical-methodological assumptions, regarding the form of analysis developed within the humanities, allowed us to analyze the corpus by the perspective of sociological method and/or Bakhtin's discourses and Ginzburg qualitative method (the paradigm called evidentiary). Were made hipoteses about the interpretive walk performed by the candidates at the time they read the enounced of the objective questions proposed on Enem test. From the analyzed editions, we adopted as corpus 10 items of the LCT test which works issues related to mother language. Then, we trace an overview of the types of reads that the candidate/reader made over five years of evaluation, considering that it depends of some elements, such as how they prepared the enounced of the item, the enunciative context, previous knowledge of the candidate. We conclude that the evaluative profile of ENEM tends to approach the reading under the bias of linguistic structure, grammaticalized, often part of the theme, and a few times, considers the enunciation, the dialogue, the interaction, ie, the discursive bias.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de nanocompósitos de blendas de PA6/AES compatibilizadas com copolímero acrílico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-31)
Oliveira, Amanda Dantas de
;
Pessan, Luiz Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0010723066123700
Toughened polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites were obtained by incorporation of acrylonitrile-EPDM-styrene (AES). As compatibilizing agents was used the copolymer methyl methacrylate-anhydride (MMA-MA). The effect of the blending protocol of the components and of the addition of three montmorillonites (Cloisite®30B, Cloisite®20A and Cloisite®Na+) was investigated. The nanocomposites were prepared in a twin screw extruder and then its microstructure, lamellar structure, mechanical, thermal and rheological properties were characterized. The morphology and properties of the nanocomposites were significantly affected by different nanoclays and blending protocol. The characterizations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle X-ray difraction (WAXD) indicated intercalated structures for the nanocomposites with Cloisite®20A and Cloisite®Na+, in contrast to the ones prepared with Cloisite®30B that exhibited exfoliated structure. The addition of nanoclays in the blends increased the modulus for all nanocomposites with respect to the pure blend. Excellent impact strength results were obtained for the nanocomposites compatibilized with MMA-MA with respect to the blend PA6/AES and ternary systems ternary (PA6/AES/clay), demonstrating the effective presence of the copolymer as a compatibilizer of these systems. It was observed a good correlation between mechanical properties and morphology. An increase in rigidity is accompanied by a corresponding increase in toughness when the clay is present in both phases. A significant increase in long period of nanocomposites compared to the PA6 was observed through SAXS results. In this work, polymer blends compatibilized with MMA-MA were also prepared and a significant increases in the mechanical behavior these materials was observed.
Estudo da oxidação preferencial do CO por catalisadores a base de irídio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-31)
Silva Júnior, Waldir da
;
Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0950063786043919
Ir/Al2O3 samples were prepared to evaluate the influence of the particle size of the metal in the preferential oxidation of CO reaction. Initially, samples with different amounts of iridium were prepared in an attempt to get different particle sizes. Samples containing 1, 2, 6 and 10 % Ir/Al2O3 were prepared. The samples were prepared via dry impregnation, from alcoholic solutions of the salt precursor and calcined at a temperature of 400 °C. The -Al2O3 support was calcined at 550 °C. The catalytic tests were carried out using a flow rate of 100 ml/min of a mixture containing 1% O2, 1% CO, 45% H2 and balance in He. The results of XRD of these samples showed no characteristic peaks of iridium and the metal dispersions were very similar, raising the possibility that even with the increased loading of iridium samples showed no significant differences in their structure. After realize catalytic tests using the same density of active sites, it was found that the structure of the samples was very similar and the different results of activity and selectivity were due to the different densities of active sites. In order to obtain samples with different structural properties, was fixed in 4% the iridium concentration on the catalysts and was varied the calcination temperature of the catalysts (400, 550 and 750 °C) and the support (550 and 750 °C) and was studied the influence of calcination temperature of the catalyst as well the support. Results of XRD and hydrogen chemisorption showed large differences in particle size and metal dispersion. The total flow of the catalytic tests was reduced to 50 mL/min, maintaining the concentrations of the gases. DRIFTS spectra confirmed the structural differences due to the increase of calcination temperature of catalysts, showing a large decrease in the interaction between CO/metal. The results of the catalytic tests showed that by increasing the calcination temperature of the catalysts there is a loss of activity but these catalysts were more selective. A strong influence of the calcination temperature of the supports in the activity and selectivity of the catalysts was also observed. The results show that the PROX reaction is very sensitive to catalyst structure.
Estudos metabólicos, enzimáticos e genéticos do fungo endofítico Penicillium brasilianum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-31)
Fill, Taícia Pacheco
;
Rodrigues Filho, Edson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0741638379707154
The project "Metabolic, enzymatic and genetic studies of the endophytic fungus P. brasilianum" resulted in biosynthetic studies of bisphenylpropanoid amides, the brasilimides, confirming the origin of these substances via phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, very unusual in fungi. PAL activity, the first enzyme involved in this biosynthetic route was successfully evaluated and the conditions of PAL production by P. brasilianum were optimized (culture medium and induction of PAL adding Phe to the culture), and the incubation conditions of the enzymatic reaction. The specificity of the PAL enzyme was studied, and the enzyme showed activity toward all substrates tested, including acting as TAL (tyrosine ammonia lyase). In vivo studies throught the addition of different substrates lead to N-acetylation confirmed by spectroscopy data. The genome of the fungus P. brasilianum was sequenced, and extensive studies through bioinformatics lead to the gene encoding PAL enzyme. From molecular biology studies, the enzyme was cloned and expressed as recombinant PAL fused to a SUMO protein and a his-tag at the N- terminus of the protein in pETSUMO vector expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) to obtain the best conditions for enzyme overexpression in its soluble form. The purification process of the recombinant enzyme was studied from a single purification step (affinity chromatography) by pH gradient elution, obtaining a high degree of purity confirmed by one-dimensional electrophoresis. The pure recombinant PAL enzyme obtained was characterized by MS and biochemically yielding Km values of 4,8 mM. Recent studies seem to point out that there is a relationship between the production of brasiliamides when the fungus is subjected to stress conditions. The PAL enzyme appears to be involved in defense mechanisms in this fungus, as has been described for plants.
Estudo químico de Bowdichia virgilioides (Fabaceae) na busca de inibidores seletivos de cisteíno peptidases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-31)
Silva, Taynara Lopes
;
Vieira, Paulo Cezar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9412487106628965
This work describes the isolation of bioactive secondary metabolites of the plant species Bowdichia virgilioides in the search for selective inhibitors of cathepsins K, L and V. Cathepsins are enzymes that have as primary function the degradation of proteins in the lysosomes, and are also related to development of diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and various cancers. This dissertation describes the bioactivity-guided study of the ethanol extracts and fractions obtained from the stems and leaves of B. virgilioides through fluorimetric inhibition assay of the enzymes studied. The extracts of B. virgilioides were subjected to successive fractionations using different chromatographic techniques leading to several pure substances. The isolated substances had their structures elucidated by NMR uni- and bi-dimensional and mass spectrometry. The hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of stem afforded eleven substances: 2 triterpenes, lupeol and lupenona; the mixture of steroids β-sitosterol and stigmasterol; 1 ester derivative of trans pcoumaric acid; 1 furofuran lignan, syringaresinol; 1Benzofuran derivative, bowdenol; 1 coumestrol derivative, 8-methoxycoumestrol, and 3 isoflavones, 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'- methoxyisoflavone, 5,4'-dihydroxy-7'-methoxyisoflavone and 4-hydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone. All compounds were tested on their ability to inhibit the enzymes at a concentration of 100μM. 8-Methoxycoumestrol showed inhibition superior to 70% for cathepsin V. The potency of this inhibitor was determined and the IC50 value was found to be 17.4 ± 1.0μM for cathepsin V. The ester derivative of trans p-coumaric acid also showed good inhibition above 70% for cathepsin L and V at a concentration of 50μg/mL. So, a series of 8 esters derived from p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic and ferulic were prepared, and have been evaluated regarding their inhibitory activities of the cathepsins at a concentration of 100μM. n-Octyl pcoumarate ester showed the best percentage inhibition for the three enzymes. The constituents of the hexane fraction of leaves of B. virgilioides were analyzed using the techniques 1H NMR and GC-MS.
Avaliação da produção de ciclodextrina glicosiltransferase (CGTase) por fermentação submersa de Paenibacillus sp
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-31)
Prado, Cleiton Dias do
;
Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7312478474540871
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides that show the ability to encapsulate a large number of organic molecules at the molecular level. Thus, they have large application in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. CDs may have different sizes; however the most common are formed by 6, 7, and 8 glucose units, called α, β and γ-CD, respectively. These compounds are produced from starch by hydrolysis catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase ( CGTase - EC 2.4.1.19 ) enzyme. CGTase is commonly produced from bacteria of the genus Bacillus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Due to the commercial importance of this enzyme and of the microorganisms producing CGTase whose enzyme is capable to produce only one CD, this work aimed to evaluate the CGTase production by the bacterium Paenibacillus sp. F37. The experiments aimed to assess the potential for enzyme production by Paenibacillus sp. F37 strain and also the characterization and classification of the enzyme. Analysis of enzymatic activity was accomplished by cyclization activity of the supernatant of the culture medium, which was monitored by the production rate of β-CD at 50°C, pH 8.0 using a solution of dextrin as substrate. Initially it was evaluated the effect of the pH (6.0 to 10.0) over the microorganism growth into solid Horikoshi medium without starch. It was observed that the microorganism grew better at pH 8.0, being this pH adopted for assays using liquid Horikoshi medium without starch. In this step it was established the following conditions to the bacterium growth: 10h, 37oC, and agitation of 120 rpm in an incubator. The CGTase production step was performed into Horikoshi medium containing 1% (m/v) soluble starch (enzyme inducer), and pH and production time were evaluated. Under standard conditions (37oC, 120 rpm, 16h, and culture medium prepared in 0.1 M tris-HCl buffer pH 9.0) the volumetric activity from the culture medium achieved about 800 U/L, corresponding to a productivity of 50 U/L.h-1. The characterization of the crude enzyme showed that the CGTase from Paenibacillus sp. F37 strain has maximum cyclization activity around 50oC and pH 6.0. Under these conditions the enzyme showed to have a half-life time around 2 h. At the growth conditions (37oC, pH 9.0), the enzyme show to have a half-life time around 3h, being almost inactivated around 5h. Thus, the enzyme production in a medium where pH starts at 9.0 and is decreased to around 6.0 during the growth showed to be a good strategy to prevent denaturation of the enzyme. The CD production into batch reactor and their characterization by colorimetric and chromatographic methods allowed classifying the enzyme as a β-CGTase (ratio α-:β-:γ-CD of 0:1:0.26). At the CD-production conditions (50oC, pH 8.0, 50 g/L of dextrin, 1.6 U/g of dextrin, and 92 h) it was achieved β-CD productivity around 100 mg/L.h. These results showed that Paenibacillus sp. F37 strain is a promising microorganism for producing CGTase.
Etnografando o riso: reflexões antropológicas sobre um programa televisivo de humor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-31)
Carlos, Daniel Pícaro
;
Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0943450154094305
The work presented here was originally proposed as an ethnography of the production of television entertainment. As a first issue, it aspired to understand the way the TV is thought by those who produce it daily. Electing to field the backstage of A Praça é Nossa, the oldest of the Brazilian comedy TV still on display, the search ends up embarking on other reflections, in which the realized ethnography is used to support the structural analysis of comedic sketches presented by the program.
Catalisadores à base de CuO, Fe2O3 ou CuO-Fe2O3 suportados sobre y-Al2O3, ZrO2 ou ZrO2/y-Al2O3 para a redução de NO com CO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-31)
Pires Neto, Nilson do Espírito Santo
;
Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9012578333707579
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
NO, NO2 and N2O nitrogen oxides, named NOx, strongly contribute to the air pollution and to minimize their emissions are used catalytic processes. The catalytic reduction of NO with CO has the advantage to simultaneously abate both pollutants. For that reaction are used noble metal based catalysts, but due to their scarcity and high cost, many research have been established to their substitution by transition metal oxides, which have high potential to catalyze that reaction. Those new catalysts beside to be active to the NO reduction with CO, they must be highly selective to N2 formation, stable at high temperatures and especially resistant to the presence of the interfering compounds (O2, SO2 and H2O). In this work were prepared Fe2O3, CuO or Fe2O3-CuO catalysts supported on y-Al2O3, ZrO2 or ZrO2/y-Al2O3. The supports were prepared via synthesis sol-gel using metallics alkoxides as precursors and the active phases introduced by impregnation of Fe(III) or Cu(II) nitrates. The obtained solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and their activity evaluated by the reduction of NO with CO between 100 to 600°C in the presence or absence of SO2, O2 and H2O. The synthesis via sol-gel resulted in y-Al2O3 and ZrO2/y-Al2O3 supports with high specific surface area that allowed adequately distribute the CuO and Fe2O3 oxides, which did not present X ray diffraction peaks. The catalysts were considerably active in the reduction of NO with CO, with the bimetallic ones being slightly more selective to N2 formation. In the presence of SO2, the Fe2O3/y- Al2O3 and Fe2O3/ZrO2/y-Al2O3 catalysts showed more catalytic stability. The presence of O2 led to a significantly NO conversion loss due to the direct CO oxidation by O2. In the presence of H2O or of all the interfering compounds, the NO conversion loss was more pronounced, except the CuO/ZrO2, that was more resistant in the presence of H2O.
Modelos dinâmicos de magnetização aplicados em compósitos magnetoelétricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-01)
Gualdi, Alexandre José
;
Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5751113105751035
In this thesis we study the magnetic properties of the multiferroic composite (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-xPbTiO3/CoFe2O4 (PMN-PT/CFO) sintered by hot forging. Magnetization as a function of magnetic field, magnetoelectric effect and magnetostriction effect measurement were carried out at different temperatures. In the magnetization measurements there was a decrease in the value of the saturation magnetization and an increase in the value of the coercive field when compared with a sample of pure ferrite. AC susceptibility as a function of magnetic field measurements showed no change in the value of the in-phase component as a function of the frequency for measurements performed at 5 K. Magnetostriction as a function of the temperature of the samples PMNPT/ CFO and pure CFO measurements showed that the standard model that describes the magnetostrictive behavior was not sufficient to describe the obtained results. To explain the behavior of the magnetostriction was necessary to introduce terms of stress and piezomagnetism in the Gibbs free energy equation. Thus, it was possible to describe the behavior of these materials both at 300 K as at 5 K. In the magnetoelectric effect measurements it was observed that there is a strong dependence on the behavior of the curve with the frequency of the AC magnetic field and temperature. This dependence is associated with the population of the energy levels of the ferromagnetic phase that does not contribute to the magnetostrictive effect. Based on the adiabatic susceptibility model, it was able to describe this dependence in the magnetoelectric effect. Furthermore, we measured the magnetoelectric effect of the composite (1- x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-xPbTiO3/NiFe2O4 (PMN-PT/NFO) and compared with the previously results. We didn't observe the same frequency dependence as in the composite sintered with CFO. This result is associated with the spin/orbit energy levels stabilization.
Modelagem estatística para análise de dados imobiliários completos e com censura à esquerda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-01)
Estevam, Amanda Cristina
;
Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8751469542637380
The real estate market has a key role in the country and counties economy attracting several studies and researches that explains and interpret the numerous transactions performed, and especially to find appropriate ways to define the monetary value. Usually the real estate data modeling is performed through regression models, especially the linear and also the generalized linear models ( Nelder andWedderburn, 1972). Because these data has different characteristics such as heteroscedasticity, non-normality and heterogeneity, the use of these models can suffer limitations, so it is appropriate to use more and more complex models, such as generalized additive models for location, scale and shape GAMLSS (proposed by Rigby & Stasinopoulos (2005), that allows all parameters of the response variable are modeled parametric or non parametric form. In this context and based on a dataset of urban land of São Carlos city in 2005 was estimated the empirical function the value of the land addressing the class of linear models, generalized linear models and the GAMLSS. Alternatively, considering the existence of two types of real estate prices: already sold (observed) and announced (censored), was proposed to the data, using the survival analysis considering censored left and the GAMLSS in the parameter estimation process. A simulation study and a study of local influence was also performed.
Livros didáticos e apostilas: o currículo de matemática e a dualidade do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04)
Fonseca, Aline Germano
;
Vilela, Denise Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4688805153426529
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-1301
Neste artigo apresentaremos os resultados de uma pesquisa que tem como objetivo comparar apostilas e livros didáticos de Matemática do Ensino Médio, enfocando, a partir da teoria crítica de currículo (SILVA, 2011), conteúdos, sequências e objetivos de ensino expressos nestes materiais. Coloca-se como hipótese a dualidade do Ensino Médio no Brasil, propedêutico ou profissional, a qual estará expressa também no material didático. As análises revelaram que, apesar do livro didático aparentemente possuir a estrutura e abordagem de conteúdo diferentes das apostilas, os materiais se assemelham nos conteúdos, na sequência deles e na organização disciplinar, o que indica que as novas tendências do ensino, preconizadas no PCN e PNLD-EM, estão superficialmente expressas nos livros didáticos. A hipótese da dualidade se confirma pelo excesso de exercícios nas apostilas, recorrentes “chamadas” e referências a vestibulares, o que remete a um tipo de condicionamento.
Caracterização genética populacional do dourado, Salminus brasiliensis (Pisces, Characidae, Salmininae) na Bacia do alto e médio rio Uruguai
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-01)
Ribolli, Josiane
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2274944075694023
brasiliensis (CUVIER, 1816) is distributed in several basins of South America. Commonly known by dourado, is a large fish and economical and social importance for artisanal and sport fishing. Due to the necessity of conservation and the absence of knowledge about the genetic structure of Neotropical migratory fish, the present study aimed to infer about the mating system and population genetic parameters of S. brasiliensis from the upper and middle Uruguay River basin. Populations of adult individuals were sampled during two years in the reproductive and non-reproductive periods in the upper and middle river Uruguay. The larvae of this species were obtained from natural spawning in the upper Uruguay River basin. Genetic analyses were performed using microsatellite markers to infer parameters of genetic diversity, population structure and estimation of kinship. All populations evaluated in this study showed high levels of genetic diversity. For the first reproductive period four genetically distinct populations were identified, one corresponding to the beginning of breeding season, two to the intermediate period and one to the end of the spawning season. The populations analyzed during the non-reproductive period were genetically different between the two years of study. Both populations of reproductive and nonreproductive period did not reveal any isolation by distance in the downstream of HPP Itá area. No bottleneck effect was observed in the populations sampled in the region fragmented by hydroelectric dams; however, the populations under the influence of the dams presented small effective population sizes. The results revealed no genetic structure among populations situated upstream and downstream of the Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) Machadinho and a particular differentiation between populations sampled upstream and downstream the HPP Itá, due, probably, of the barrier resulting from the preexisting of geographical barrier in the Uruguay River, Augusto César Gorge. The analyses of kinship indicated that multiple males and females participated effectively during reproduction and spawning of S. brasiliensis evaluated in the environment. The findings of this study provide new insights into the mating system and mode of organization during the reproductive and non-reproductive period of S. brasiliensis. This information must be taken into account in decisions about fisheries management programs and in broodstock samplings and for restocking programs.
Educação ambiental dialógico-crítica e a conservação da biodiversidade no entorno de áreas protegidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-02)
Roese, Mayla Willik Valenti
;
Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3372580099450528
O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi compreender os limites e as potencialidades do desenvolvimento de programas de educação ambiental para a conservação de animais predadores de topo de cadeia no entorno de áreas protegidas do interior do Estado de São Paulo. O processo de coleta e análise de dados envolveu pessoas com diferentes conexões com a temática estudada e cujos papéis históricos são relevantes para a transformação deste contexto, seguindo as indicações da metodologia comunicativa crítica. Realizamos levantamento de potencialidades das unidades de conservação do nordeste paulista para desenvolver ações educativas com enfoque na conservação da onça parda, com base em entrevistas estruturadas. Posteriormente, realizamos grupos focais comunicativos e entrevistas comunicativas com educadoras/es, funcionárias/os, pesquisadoras/es, gestoras/es, estudantes, trabalhador e produtor rural, envolvidos de diferentes formas com a temática da conservação da biodiversidade no interior e entorno das Estações Ecológica e Experimental de Itirapina (SP). Como principais resultados, identificamos a existência de ações voltadas ao envolvimento da comunidade do entorno nos trabalhos educativos que já ocorrem ou que poderiam ocorrer nas unidades de conservação do nordeste paulista. Destacamos a importância de um processo educativo com pessoas adultas que considere as características da vida adulta, assim como motivações pessoais e de trabalho para gerar transformações no sentido da conservação da biodiversidade e da melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas no entorno de áreas protegidas. Além disso, indicamos que as interações entre os seres humanos e os predadores precisam ser encaradas em sua complexidade, entendendo a posição de cada pessoa ou grupo em relação a situações conflituosas e promovendo um diálogo entre conhecimento acadêmico e popular para buscar soluções efetivas e duradouras. Finalmente, reconhecemos que o tema da conservação da onça parda deve ser associado a outros interesses e demandas da comunidade local para ser abordado de forma ampla e para promover novas formas de conhecer, valorizar e agir sobre a biodiversidade. Ainda apresentamos algumas considerações metodológicas e buscamos aproximar os princípios da aprendizagem dialógica à educação ambiental crítica.
Entre papéis, pessoas e perspectivas: etnografia da gestão da educação escolar indígena em Altamira PA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-04)
Santiago, Ana Elisa
;
Cohn, Clarice
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1504524815075995
This research intends to conduct an ethnography of the management of indigenous education in the municipality of Altamira (PA), that comprises nine ethnic groups (Arara, Araweté, Asurini, Curuaia, the Juruna, Kararaô, Parakanã, Xipaya, Xikrin) of Carib, Ge and Tupi languages. This region corresponds, according to the new configuration proposed by the Federal Government, the Territory Etnoeducacional 11, besides being one of the municipalities in the area affected by the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Complex in its installation process. The implementation of this management model and the compensation and indemnification means of the Power Plant has led to major changes that I followed and analyzed throughout this work. The field research was taken at the Altamira s Education Department, a privileged locus has allowed me to grasp different discursive positions: the Indians trying to understand what they expect from the school that is offered to them; the State their policies and guidelines proposed for these schools; and the Education Department staff responsible for making the indigenous education work and often come up against financial, bureaucratic and pedagogical boundaries. The intention here is to dialogue these areas, the Anthropology of the State and the Indigenous Ethnology, so that it can make a perspective enhance other. As Anthropology of the State, the ethnography in Indian school management does not hold only to official agencies for intervention and guardianship, but also analyzed how indigenous access (or not) these services. And as Indigenous Ethnology it paid attention to the operation of a public agency and how these people define and fight for their educational demands.
Estudo fitoquímico de Eugenia myrcianthes: busca de substâncias bioativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-04)
Batalhão, Jaqueline Raquel
;
Fernandes, João Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0672727719848136
The search for new substances with bioactive potential is the target of numerous studies inserted in the chemistry of natural products, since it involves the isolation, the structural elucidation, as well as the action mechanism of the compounds. Some species of Eugenia were widely studied showing a great diversity of secondary metabolites associated with different biological activities of their constituents, which have justified the interest in the study of species of this family in the search for active compounds. The Eugenia myrcianthes specie has its chemical and biological potential little known. In this context, the aim of this study was the phytochemistry study of E. myrcianthes seeking isolation and characterization of their chemical constituents, as well as evaluation of the effect of crude extracts, fractions and isolated substances, performing antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and insecticidal assays. This study allowed the isolation and/or identification of eight flavonoid glycosides: myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (Myricetrin), myricetin-3-O-α-L-arabnopyranoside, myricetin-3-O-α-L-arabnofuranoside, myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, myricetin-3-O-β-D-glalactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-α-L- arabnopyranoside (Guajavarin), quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabnofuranoside (Avicularin) and quercetin-3-O-β-L-xyloside, one coumarin: xanthyletin, two triterpenes: 3β-O-cis-p-coumaroil-α-amyrin and 3β-O-trans-p-coumaroil-α-amyrin, one tyrosol derivative: 2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl tricosanoate, one alcohol of long chain: 1-octacosanol and one sterol: β-sitosterol. The crude extracts from the leaves, twigs, and the fractions hexane, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic of the leaves of E. myrcianhtes and some pure substances were tested against leaf cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa; its symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus; for antimicrobial activity by microdilution technique, against the microorganisms Pseudomonas aeuroginosas, Bacillus subtilis, Microccocus luteus, Candida albicans and Candinda tropicalis. They were also evaluated for antioxidant activity using the technique of suppression of radical species, DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazile).
Aspectos bionômicos de geometridae (Lepidoptera) associados a plantas de mata atlântica na reserva biológica da Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-04)
Abreu, Cássia Isabela Vilela de
;
Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3849674112760095
Immature stages of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) and their parasitoids (Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea) were recorded and collected in two areas of Serra do Japi Municipal Biological Reserve, in Jundiaí, São Paulo. Occurrence of larvae were recorded associated with 14 plant species, collected in two environments: semideciduous mesophytic forest (MS) and understory between eucalipto (SB). The sampling period was from September 2011 to September 2012 and the larvae were kept in laboratory until emergence of adult parasitoids or Geometridae. On MS were collected 143 larvae, from this total, 12 were parasitized and 131 reached the adult stage; on SB, 129 larvae were collected, 12 were parasitized and 117 reached the adult stage. The most abundant species in the MS was Eois tegularia (Geometridae, Larentiinae), with 64 larvae. Physocleora sp.1, was the specie with the highest association of parasitoids, with 6 parasitized larvae. In SB, the most abundant species were the Nephodia aff. panacea (Geometridae, Ennominae), with 32 larvae collected, and also the species with the highest number of association with parasitoids. Piper sp. (Piperaceae), showed the highest number of larvae collected in the MS and Alchornea triplinervia (Euphorbiacea) of SB. The highest number of larvae parasitized on MS were recorded and collected for Croton floribundus (Euphorbiaceae), 6 larvae; on SB, the largest number of parasitized larvae was Alchornea triplinervia. Among the parasitoids, the genus Diolcogaster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) were the most abundant with 18 samples. It was registered a new kind of Aleiodes (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae), associated with Physocleora grossica. larvae and Ischnopteris sp. on MS associated Alchornea triplinervia (Euphorbiacea). From complementary collections for parasitoids, with Malaise trap, Moericke trap and vegetation sweep, the Glyptapanteles genus follow by Diolcogaster, both Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae that emerged from geometridae larvae were the most abundant. For parasitoids, the results indicated the importance of obtaining from host larvae in the laboratory, besides the use of the main methods of collecting adults.
Multiletramentos e interculturalidade no ensino de inglês na escola pública: posicionamentos de professores sobre os cadernos didáticos utilizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-04)
Sarturato, Gabriel Maldonado Fabbro
;
Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0797881241667691
This dissertation focuses in a theoretical comparison between the text of São Paulo State’s Curriculum and interviews with three teachers from public school. This is done concerning their realization of the concept of literacies and culture, topics that are covered in the Curriculum text. The most recent State’s Curriculum for Modern Language Teaching was introduced in the year of 2008 and seeks to influence the pedagogical practice of teachers in service. This document has been object of study of many Applied Linguistics researches. The teaching of English as a foreign language in public schools can always be investigated regarding the epistemological and pedagogical influences of our post-modern contemporary social condition. This means the processes of globalization and of constant technological media innovation influence the way of thinking of teachers and students in public school. Because of that, we consider it fundamental that agents in this language teaching scene be given voice and that their positions be analyzed, so a comprehension of the purposes of the State and its relation with some teachers’ views can be reached. In this research, we had a theoretical grounding on the concepts of intercultural relations and literacies. These concepts are intrinsically correlated, specially if we consider public school’s foreign language teaching goals of providing support in the formation of critical and reflexive citizens. We do the observation of how a didactic material presents cultural data, and how is it important for literate practices in a foreign language. Inserted in a qualitative research paradigm, the process of collecting data was divided into two parts: the first is related to a documental research, in which we investigate what is proposed pedagogically in the text of the Curriculum, specially in regard to cultural issues in the teaching process, the conception of the term “culture” in the document and its approach of a literacies-based pedagogy. The second part consists of semi-structured interviews with three public school teachers, discussing their vision on culture and if they look for promoting literacy practices as it is proposed by the Curriculum. It was possible, through analysis, to recognize aspects of the relationship between what the text proposes and what the teachers say they do, or intend to do in class.
Modelos para configuração de rede logística do Programa 'Computadores para Inclusão'
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-04-04)
Oliveira, Maritha Gomes Silva de
;
Toso, Eli Angela Vitor
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6290453873989485
;
Santos, Maristela Oliveira dos
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0756373063566786
The purpose of this work is to study the configuration of the reverse logistical chain post consumption of the computer equipments from the project called "Computadores para a Inclusão" from the Federal Government (MINISTÉRIO DAS COMUNICAÇÕES, 2012). The motivations for the development of this study are the logistical challenges inherent to the disposal of solid human residues, which involve the compromising of society, government and private companies. Particularly, in the case of the electronic equipments, besides the legal aspects foreseen in the Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) the opportunities of value recovery for the products are relevant and may increase it´s life cycle. The computer equipments, for example, may be recovered at the Centro de Recondicionamento de Computadores (CRC) which are located where the computers are reconditioned and then made available for needy communities to use. The CRCs belong to the Computers for Inclusion project. One of the difficulties in planning this project is configuring the logistics network, which consists of: (i)defining the computers discharge points; (ii) locating the reconditioning centers, considering the existing places and the possibility of expanding; (iii) in determining the amount of computers present in Telecentros respecting the maximum and minimum number of computers; and (iv) defining the material flow amongst the discharge points, CRCs, Telecentros and the final destination points. In this context, the approach of this study is to propose a mathematical model to help the configuration of the logistical network of the Computadores para a Inclusão" project, contributing to the gathering and appropriate destination of the computer equipments post consumption in all national territory.