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Identificação molecular e caracterização de peixes do gênero Zungaro (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) de diferentes bacias hidrográficas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Pires, Antonio Augusto Adami
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Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3403253002690500
The Genus Zungaro, Bleeker, 1858 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), comprise a group called Jaú. This group is divided in two species: Zungaro jahu located in Paraná- Paraguai basins and Zungaro zungaro located in Amazonas-Orinoco basins. Both species are known because they are the biggest catfish in South America. In Juruena River, smaller catfishes are found by local fishermen and because of that it´s very hard to classify these species. During this work Juruena population was genetically analyzed and these molecular datum were compared with other population to know if they are the same specie or not. Samples of fish came from Juruena, Amazonas, Solimões, Madeira, Xingu, Meta, Miranda, Taquari e Cuiabá were collected and kept in the heap of tissue bank in the Molecular Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory (LabBMC). After isolating the DNA according to Sambrook protocol, mitochondrial sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI), cytochrome b (Cytb) and D-Loop were amplified by PCR. After the sequencing and edition, the results were compared to the databases BOLD and GenBank. Phylogenetic trees based on different algorithms were built. The species of Amazonas-Orinoco basins (Z. zungaro) and Paraná-Paraguai basins (Z. jahu) showed a considerable genetic distance highlighting a population structuring. Individual from Juruena River were different from the others following the model K2p 2.4% (COI) and 5% (D-Loop). The results showing an evidence of three different species: Z. zungaro, Z. jahu and possible new species in the Juruena River. Besides, specimens from Xingu River demonstrated a high genetic distance from the others, being necessary further analyses.
Avaliação da universalidade de primers de marcadores moleculares para aplicação na classe Chlorophyceae (Chlorophyta)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Vieira, Helena Henriques
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Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8241832569702467
The polifasic taxonomy approach became indispensable in classification of living beings, especially microorganisms, such as Chlorophyceae. This class is compound of very distinct organisms most microscopic, unicellular, colonials, filamentous, and the classification and identification is many times hampered due the lack of structures observable that helps the discrimination. Some habits, reproduction, the occurrence of cryptic species are some factors that can lead to forms that make difficult the taxonomy of these organisms. Besides the traditional morphology, the molecular biology allows a robust concerning the classification of the studied organism. Associated to a better classification, the search for faster and more practical methods of identification, as DNA Barcode, became intensified and many molecular markers are available in literature to be tested. For some groups of animals, brown algae, red algae and diatoms the marker COXI is considered an official DNA Barcode. However other groups, as Chlorophycea, are under constant investigation, due the fact that molecular marker that can be used satisfactory as DNA Barcode have not been found yet. Plastid markers as tufA, rbcL and nuclear as ITS are some of the most proposed to be applied in green algae, often combined with each other or other markers. However, for act as a molecular marker, it is necessary to be amplified by primers broadly applied. The present study has tested primers for tufA, ITS and rbcL marker, available in literature and already in use in other groups, looking for universality in Chlorophyceae. We also tested proposed universal primers for Chlorophyta (UCP4). Moreover, preliminary analyses have been performed for application of the markers as barcode in the class. The primers used for tufA marker showed universality in Chlorophycea amplifying for all 22 strains tested and sequencing have failed only for Oedogonium strain. From the rbcL marker, the primer pair GrbcL has amplified 12 and sequenced 7 of 22 strains and rbcLFP which one the reverse primer was designed in this study amplified and sequenced 16 lineages. Primers from the ITS marker amplified only 5 lineages and UCP4 primers have not amplified any strain. Beside the universality found for tufA primers, Analysis with the obtained sequences showed that the tufA gene is a promising molecular marker to be applied in Chlorophyceae.
RTSS: uma família de técnicas de leitura para suporte à inspeção de modelos SysML e Simulink
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Antonio, Erik Aceiro
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1687921185079998
Context: Usually, developers of Embedded Systems (ESs) start the development from models next to the code generation phase, for example, SysML diagrams and Simulink models. Despite the whole use of these models by the ES community, there is a lack of Verification and Validation activities (V&V). The certification standards operate, mainly, on code level. Aim:to define a family of reading techniques Reading Techniques for SysML and Simulink (RTSS) that supports the inspection of these diagrams and models, aiming to improve the process and product quality through defects identification, as soon as artifacts are elaborated. Method: the reading techniques were defined based on a systematic process and they support pairs of artifacts. They take some international certification standards into account, as well as elements from the structure of SysML and Simulink languages. Besides, aiming to suggest the use of these techniques inside a development process, the SYSMOD process was took as reference, since it adopts SysML diagrams and Simulink models along its phases. For evaluating the RTSS techniques two controlled experiments and three case studies were conducted as the techniques were elaborated. Results: the results showed that it is feasible to use the techniques and that they are able to detect defects on the pair of artifacts for the ones they were designed. In addition, it was observed that defects that were not identified and corrected inside the phase they were generated, were propagated to the subsequent phases. Conclusion: Based on these results, we can conclude that the RTSS techniques are able to detect defects as the artifacts are elaborated, avoiding their propagation to further phases. This fact can improve both the process and the product besides minimize the rework and the cost of correcting defects in further phases. Finally, we observed that the techniques can be applied even the SYSMOD process is not being used. In this case, it is enough that the pair of artifacts dialed by each technique is available.
FTIR – ATR aplicado à discriminação de microalgas planctônicas verdes cocóides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Moraes, Guilherme Pavan de
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Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5770613535282871
This work proposes the use of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as part of a polyphasic approach to assist the identification and classification of coccoid green microalgae. Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) technique was tested to determine if it can provide highly reproducible spectra, a primary requirement to achieve good discrimination between strains of microorganisms. It was also tested spectral window selection, in conjunction with spectra pre-treatments, to determine the best method to perform the strains discrimination. The results were evaluated by reproducibility of spectra and chemometrics analyses by principal components (PCA) and hierarchical clusters (HCA) analysis, in terms of correct discrimination and classification of closely related chlorophycean coccoid microalgae strains, compared to currently accepted classifications. ATR technique provided the reproducibility needed, verified by the excellent strains discrimination. Further, strains were positioned by HCA in clades correctly correlated to classification ranks orders and families. However, these results were obtained when using spectral windows that differ from previously reported studies, 1500 1200 cm-1 and 900 675 cm-1, excluding spectrum regions relative to storage compounds, which was found to negatively impact the analyses. It was concluded that the ATR - FTIR technique has great potential to assist traditional approaches of coccoid green microalgae identification and classification, though a careful spectrum region selection is needed.
O museu de ciências como promotor da motivação: lembranças do público do setor de química do CDCC/USP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Guzzi, Mara Eugênia Ruggiero de
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Ferreira, Luiz Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4289340373751509
This work refers to a study of the motivational aspects found in the mini courses offered by the Chemistry Sector of the Center for Cultural and Scientific Dissemination (Centro de Divulgação Científica e Cultural CDCC). The self-determination theory was used as a reference to study the Science Museum potential to act as a motivational promoter, exploring activities that may propitiate situations that will involve intrinsically motivated visitors and also to understand how extrinsic stimuli can regulate self-determined forms of motivation. The data acquisition allowed the identification of the mini courses scenario influenced by Center s actions and ideology during its implantation and consolidation, by gathering information referent to the nature and conception of actions, public involvement, profile and impressions during the conduction of the mini courses and after a long gap. The study of the public was conducted with two groups with different characteristics: one of which involved the participants of a partnership between the CDCC and teaching students; the other group was constituted by an independent public with a diversified profile. The results and analysis obtained under different views (motivational profile, perception about the sense attributed to participation and interactions during the activities) brought some elements that confirm the emergence of situations capable of nurturing psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relationship. The nature and characteristics of the activities awakened the enthusiasm of the visitors in situations appropriated to the intrinsic involvement, i.e., moved by the personal satisfaction provided by the experience. It was also observed, however, that they can be extrinsically stimulated in activities that lead to the regulation that approaches self-determination. It was established that in a short gap after the participation in the activities, the experience was perceived as meaningful for both groups and after a twenty years gap, the motivational aspects were enhanced in the independent group that was more participant and assiduous in the museum. The results of this work suggest that nurturing the subjacent psychological needs is a way to fully explore scientific dissemination that does not exclude the missions assumed by the Institutions with the Science Museum, defining it as a nonformal teaching space that promotes self-determined forms of motivation.
Modelos de sobrevivência com fração de cura via partição bayesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Gonzales, Jhon Franky Bernedo
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Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4565435898987261
In general, models for survival data with a cure fraction relate the cure fraction with the covariates using different link functions, for example, the logit link function and do not consider the problem of selection of covariates that have an effect on the cure fraction. So, in this work we propose a model that considers a partition of the predictor space in which the cure fraction depends locally of covariates. In this context, it adopts a orthogonal hyperplane tessellation to the axes to obtain a partition of the predictor space with the advantage that the proposed model selects the covariates that have an effect on the cure fraction. The developed modeling extends the Bayesian partition model proposed by Hoggart & Griffin (2001) to include information for qualitative variables with more than two categories and therefore a new computational strategy is considered. This extension allows to capture the effects of covariates on a local structure in which it is considered that the number of competing causes follows a power series distribution. This distribution is flexible because it includes special cases such as the binomial, Poisson, negative binomial and logarithmic distributions. To demonstrate the potential of the methodology, we used two set of data relating with cancer studies.
Eficiência na oferta de serviços de saúdo no estado de São Paulo: uma análise comparativa entre municípios selecionados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Passoni, Pedro Felipe Mascarin
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Gomes, Alexandre Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5002157193962189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0953190021322601
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Castro, Eduardo Rodrigues de
Assess levels of efficiency in the provision of public services and its determinants becomes increasingly important to meet growing needs of the population and the scarcity of resources. The provision of health services accounts for a large part of municipal budgets and fundamentally depends on a good management of limited public resources, as well as greatly impacting on social and economic development of municipalities. In this sense, the present study sought to examine the level of efficiency in the delivery of public health services to the population of the municipalities of the state of São Paulo to promote wellness. So it was posed a mathematical programming problem involving the measurements of efficiency, through the non-parametric efficiency analysis technique known as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), with varying scale and orientation product returns. The results indicate that the municipalities of the state of São Paulo have unsatisfactory utilization of resource allocation for the provision of public health services. In general, districts that spend more did not show higher levels of efficiency, but for the group of the least efficient municipalities this hypothesis was confirmed. Regarding the relationship with the Municipal Human Development Index (IDH-M), a slightly negative relationship was found. On the other hand, the group of 14 less efficient shows a positive relationship between the score and the IDH-M. The results are scattered so apparently random state, and indicate that there is no homogeneity among municipalities. Observe also that there are municipalities that although efficient, spend resources for health that are lower than seems appropriate. All this demonstrates the asymmetry and how unequal is the situation of municipalities in the state of São Paulo in relation to health services. Furthermore, the group of the most efficient is less populated, compared to less efficient. According to the scale of production, the municipalities are presented as most in descending scale. The biggest problem has been found in the municipalities of scale. Regarding projections for municipalities become efficient, the results showed that the inefficient municipalities require increases of 124,66 % on average in their health services. Among regions the differences are not very striking, but there is a slight predominance of efficient municipalities focusing on the West region of the state. The Administrative Regions (RA's) showed similar mean technical efficiency, showing that no state in a spatial distribution pattern efficiency. The relationship between efficiency scores of RA's and IDH-M of each was positive. With this, one realizes that the average level of efficiency tends to increase when the IDH-M in each RA increases. It is, therefore, required a revision of management practices in counties in order to improve the methods adopted to make better use of resources and can provide the population with the best provision of their basic needs and more effective action by the executive branch.
A família Orchidaceae e as mudanças climáticas da Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Messias, Patrícia Aparecida
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Koch, Ingrid
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4839123900255164
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3214579842219076
The Atlantic Forest, located in Brazil, has one of the highest levels of biodiversity and endemism on the planet, mainly due to the variety of vegetation types associated with the various types of soil, topography and climate. These vegetation types have delicate balance and currently suffer strong pressure from fragmentation. In the future, it is also likely to be impacted by climate change. To predict the effects of these changes in the distributions of living organisms, models that simulate climatic conditions projected for the future have been used. The Orchidaceae family stands out as a representative group within the Atlantic Forest formations, with 63% of endemic species, especially for Coastal Plain Forest (CPF) and Rainforest (RF). Most species of this family are epiphytic plants, identified as most sensitive to changes in the environment. This study evaluated the effects of future climate change in the Atlantic Forest formations based on orchid species. By using the algorithm MaxEnt, eight bioclimatic variables in models 17, simulated to be the potential distribution in the current scenario and two future climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 - optimistic and RCP 8.5 scenario - pessimistic). We selected 31 endemic species of RF and three species of CPF. The forecasts indicate area loss of future potential distribution for both areas of study. The reduction will be potentially higher in the RF, with 29.92% to 34.32% and RCP 4.5 to RCP 8.5 and lower in CPF, 8.35% for the RCP 4.5 scenario and 10.68% for RCP 8.5. Regarding the loss of species, loss of CPF reached 100% in certain localities, and 67.74% loss of species for RF. Forecasts suggest gains of new areas in the Northeast of the country for CPF, and RF in the Southern and Southeastern regions. It is noteworthy that such areas have favorable climatic conditions for survival of the species, but cannot be colonized. The areas that will maintain current climatic conditions will be the Northeastern region for CPF and mountainous regions on the coast of Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states for RF. In general, loss of vegetation types of the study area is characterized by a narrowing of the potential distribution. The RF was highlighted with higher values of area loss, mainly due to the dependence of moisture. For CPF, species' resistance to sunlight, low water requirement, or other physiological traits may explain its prediction of low values of area loss. As a measure for future protection of vegetation types, one must pay attention to protected areas, as these areas maintain climatic conditions and, possibly, maintain species and vegetation type, through the creation of Conservation Units and compliance with current legislation on deforestation.
Procedimentos sequenciais Bayesianos aplicados ao processo de captura-recaptura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Santos, Hugo Henrique Kegler dos
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Leite, José Galvão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0677440386988572
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8233392121500845
In this work, we make a study of the Bayes sequential decision procedure applied to capture-recapture with fixed sample sizes, to estimate the size of a finite and closed population process. We present the statistical model, review the Bayesian decision theory, presenting the pure decision problem, the statistical decision problem and the sequential decision procedure. We illustrate the theoretical methods discussed using simulated data.
Da festa à chacina: formas de gestão da violência e do crime em São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Silva, David Esmael Marques da
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2292335363594754
The research aimed to understand the perceptions and practices of state institutions agents (servers of the Secretaria Municipal de Cidadania e Assistência Social de São Carlos, the Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo e a Polícia Civil do Estado de São Paulo) with respect to the new organization of criminal dynamics and the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) in São Carlos, in the state of São Paulo. The main question that mobilized the research was: what are the effects of the reorganization of criminal dynamics in state strategies of crime and violence control. Therefore, the empirical research utilized semi-structured interviews with state officials, participant observation in the community center on the outskirts of São Carlos and analysis of press material.
Política industrial e desenvolvimento: o papel do BNDES no desenvolvimento industrial brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Cano, Isaias Pinto Lima
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Diegues Junior, Antonio Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0594188577645269
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1675623494990951
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Roselino Júnior, José Eduardo de Salles
This work uses a historical-institutional and theoretical developmental approach to the analysis of the transformations of different forms of activity of the Banco Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) as an instrument of industrial and economic policy from the 1950 s, with focus between 2003 and 2012. Thus, this work discusses the transformations of the form of action off the bench in three major qualitatively distinct blocks: (i) height and crisis of national developmentalism, (ii) the liberal reaction and (iii) the new developmentalism that flourished in the years after 2002.
Desenvolvimento de instrumentação eletrônica portátil para medida de pH em campo por meio de sensor óptico à base de filme de Polianilina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Vendramini, Gabriel
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Forato, Lucimara Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9221673810542059
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Herrmann Júnior, Paulo Sérgio de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3478230611350302
The pH measurement has an important role in biotechnological processes as enzymatic reactions, fermentation processes and others. This ways the general objective of this work is therefore the development of a portable electronic instrumentation for reading in field an optical pH sensor based on a conductive polymer. The polyaniline, when used as an active element of the sensor it has useful electro-optical intrinsic properties for the measurement of pH in the range of 2 to 12 properties. Thus, the chemical synthesis of the sensor has been reproduced and the spectroscopy in the UV - Vis has been used for its characterization. For the electronic instrumentation, the colorimetric transducer comprises an "Emitted Ligth Diode" (LED) type "Red, Green, Blue" (RGB), and a light sensor was proposed to measure the attenuation caused by the sensor optical positioned between the sender and receiver of the light beam. The calibration method of the optical assembly was efficient, as the response curve obtained. For the evaluation of the instrument with the sensor, repeatability and reproducibility of assays were performed by calculating the respective standard deviations. The results in terms of precision and accuracy were satisfactory for measuring in the range of 2-12. Thus, a microcontrolled, functional and low cost electronic instrument was developed, presenting relevant advantages such as no need for a reference sensor and no susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. Against commercial equipments, the instrument has significant potential and it presents some possibilities of pH measurements in field applied to biotechnology, agricultural and others.
A influência da espiritualidade da família no cuidado de si
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-05-30)
Fermiano, Andrea dos Reis
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El-khatib, Umaia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8417513594802650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6451226616303829
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of spirituality levels in a family during self-care and, if so, how this influence occurs. Vascocelos (2004) describes spirituality as strength able to help the individual, his/her family and community; it is also the best source to overcome the obstacles of life, providing a better understanding and tolerance about the issues of daily life. A qualitative approach was chosen for the study. The subjects were families that live in the area comprehended by the Jardim Gonzaga Family Health Unit, in the Jardim Gonzaga neighborhood, located in the periphery of São Carlos County. A group of 20 women, responsible for caring for their families and recognized in their community as having a high level of autonomy in their self-care when faced with health issues, were the main study subjects. Information was collected by means of interviews, with four guiding questions, which were asked in the participants houses or in the Family Health Unit. A thematic analysis was used to process the information. From the analysis of the interviews the following categories emerged: women as the main caretakers of their families; spirituality as a force that helps each individual in their self-care; the influence of spirituality in decisions and in the strength to overcome hardships in life. Among other conclusions, spirituality seems to exert an important influence in a family s self-care and faith helps in convalescence, in curing and in maintaining health. Health workers need to get closer to spirituality in order to broaden their knowledge and their tools to understand and care for human beings.
Filmes finos de ZnSe e ZnTe obtidos por eletrodeposição para aplicação em dispositivos fotovoltaicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-02)
Gromboni, Murilo Fernando
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8945089074127059
Among the many binary semiconductors there is an increasing interest in recent decades semiconductor obtained from thin films of chalcogenides, due to its wide application in various fields of science and technology. In this class of II-VI semiconductors, cadmium selenide (CdSe), zinc selenide (ZnSe), cadmium telluride (CdTe) and zinc telluride (ZnTe) have received special attention due to its low cost and high absorption coefficient in applications for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells. During this project to obtain multilayer codepósitos and techniques for electrodeposition of thin films of semiconductor ZnSe and ZnTe was studied. The electrodeposition process was studied by cyclic voltammetry analysis, which indicated that it was possible to obtain the films, which were identified as part of the anodic peak dissolutions curves, which were associated with the dissolution of the species of ZnSe and ZnTe. For the formation of multilayers from voltammetric studies defined the potentials 0.0 and - 0.5 V (vs Ag/ AgCl) for the deposition of layers of chalcogenides (Se or Te) and Zn, respectively. For the ZnSe multilayer analysis identified two morphologies SEM/EDX a smooth and globular another. The flat was associated with excess if amorphous, globular and the formation of ZnSe in the cubic phase, which was determined by XRD. Since the multilayer ZnTe showed a more crystalline structure of the ZnSe. These materials showed a large excess of chalcogenides the film and consequently a low amount of Zn, always less than 25%. However the material had high photoelectric activity, with a photo - current in the order of mA cm-³. A study was conducted to improve the crystallinity and stoichiometry of the film from heat treatment and different deposition temperatures. Certain conditions for such a condition, photovoltaic devices of the type glass\Mo\ZnSe\CdS\ZnO\ZnO:Al Glass\Mo\CZTSe\ZnTe\ZnO\ZnO:Al and Glass\Mo\ZnSe\ZnTe\ZnO\ZnO:A , the device formed by the junction CZTSe\ZnTe is presented the higher conversion efficiency and higher EOC , with a mean value of 3.34 %, and 339 mV, respectively.
Estudo funcional comparativo das co-chaperonas moleculares p23A e p23B da Hsp90 de Leishmania braziliensis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-03)
Almeida, Glessler Silva
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Borges, Júlio Cesar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6033516785481779
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2145080389866509
Protein folding is essential for proteins proper biological function. Failures in this process can lead to the formation of poorly unfolded proteins and/or protein aggregates. In order to avoid this problem, the cells express a family of proteins known as molecular chaperones. The molecular chaperones are proteins that assist the correct folding of other proteins, and other important functions in the cells. The Hsp90 family is important for protein folding and it assists in preventing protein aggregation. Hsp90 is regulated by several co-chaperones, for example, p23. The p23 is a small acidic protein that regulates the ATPase activity of Hsp90. It has a structured N-terminal beta-sheet and an unstructured C-terminal domain. In addition to the regulatory role, as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of Hsp90, it also has chaperone activity in itself. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate comparatively two p23 identified in the Leishmania braziliensis (Lbp23A and Lbp23B) genome. The proteins were expressed, purified and structurally and functionally characterized. Furthermore, functional assays such as intrinsic chaperone activity and inhibition of ATPase activity of Hsp90 L. braziliensis (LbHsp90) and identifying in vivo by western blotting were developed. The results indicate that these two proteins are structurally similar, however, demonstrated significant differences in chemical and thermal stability. The Lbp23 also differ in relation to chaperone activity and inhibition of ATPase activity of LbHsp90. The in vivo identification revealed the presence of both Lbp23 in extracts of L. braziliensis; besides suggesting possible post-translational modifications in Lbp23B. The results indicate that both Lbp23 are undoubtedly p23, since they show p23-like function and structural signs.
Fenologia de espécies ornitófilas e ornitocóricas em um trecho de Floreta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-03)
Grimaldi, Mariana Castanheira
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8554289165234686
Phenology of Atlantic Forest is still ongoing issue for environmental studies. The goal of our study was to analyze and evaluate the phenology of plants pollinated and dispersed by birds on a stretch of Brazilian Atlantic Forest, in Carlos Botelho State Park (PECB) ( 24 ° 06 ' 55'' , 24 º 14' 41'' S , 47 º 47 ' 18'' and 48 º 07' 17'' W), whose climate has no distinct seasons. We hypothesized that there would be more flowers and fruits in warm period, in every community, and that would be synchrony between individuals of the same guild, regardless of the life-form. We selected five transects totaling 3000 m2, in which were collected phenological data of plant community from October 2012 to December 2013. According plants showed reproductive phenology, these were marked and monitored monthly. The plants were identified and categorized by life forms and dispersal and pollination syndromes. We calculated the diameter at breast height (DBH) and basal area by measuring the circumference at breast height (PAP) of trees, shrubs and palms with reproductive phenological event and all individuals larger than 15 cm DBH. We found 819 individuals with reproductive phonological event, which 68.6% were epiphytes and 23.2 % were small trees, shrubs and palm trees. The most observations of events in trees, small trees, shrubs and palm trees were smaller than 12 cm of DBH, which means high proportion of events in the understory (77,4 % of total of these four life form). Reproductive phenological events were correlated mainly with temperature and day length. Ornithophilous individuals accounted for 43.7 % of total records, and bird-dispersed plants represented 20.7%. The differences of ornithophilous flowers and bird-dispersed plant with ripe fruits between warm and cold periods of the occurrence were not significant for both (p=0,2856 e p=0,1606, respectively). The synchrony index of the occurrence of ornithophilous flowers and ripe fruit in bird-dispersal plants was low for both (Z=0.2684 and Z=0.2430, respectively). This low synchrony can avoid competition and promote pollination and dispersal. It is also noticed that in conservation areas where diversity is high, production of flowers and fruits occurs all year, offering resources any time.
Síntese e estudo das propriedades fotoluminescentes e fotocatalíticas dos cristais de Ag2-2xMxWO4, (M = Mg e Zn)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-03)
Lemos, Pablo Santana
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
;
lattes.cnpq.br/5312788618871270
This study aimed to investigate the photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties of the alpha phase of silver tungstate ( α-Ag2WO4 ) doped with Mg and Zn (where M = Mg or Zn and x = 0; 0,01; 0,02; 0,04 ou 0,08). The crystals were synthesized by precipitation and were later heat treated in a hydrothermal system heated by microwave. The crystals were characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement and by Raman scattering spectroscopy and absorption in the infrared region. From these characterizations was observed the formation of a single phase in all cases even for doping of 8%. The morphology was analyzed by SEM, and it was possible to observe changes in form and average particle size. Concerning the optical properties, these were investigated by ultraviolet- visible (UV-vis) electronic spectroscopy, and photoluminescence measurements at room temperature. In the case of UV-vis spectroscopy was observed that the substitution of Ag+ cations by Mg2+ can cause small changes in the optical band gap energy (Egap) of the materials. With respect to photoluminescence, no significant changes were observed in the profile of the emission band between the pure and doped materials. Finally, photocatalytic experiments were conducted with the crystals in the presence of rhodamine B. The analyzes of this experiment indicated that all samples exhibit photocatalytic activity in decolorization of the Rhodamine B. It might also be noted that all the doped samples showed a higher rate of discoloration of rhodamine B than the pure Ag2WO4. The kinetics for all reactions corresponds to a pseudo first order reaction.
Análise quali-quantitativa dos Sciaenidae na pesca do camarão sete-barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri), litoral de Santa Catarina Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-04)
Monteiro, Herbert Silva
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Branco, Joaquim Olinto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3241905846920207
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3650202413836300
Trawling with network-of-doors practiced by the artisanal fleet directed to-bobshrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri in central and northern coast of Santa Catarina is an efficient way to capture the target species. However, it has low selectivity and incidentally capture large contingent of demersal and benthic fauna, grouped on the designation of bycatch species, part of this is compounded by the Sciaenidae comprising teleost fish with great commercial importance. Based on this finding, the aim of this work was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative fish species present in the Sciaenidae accompanying fauna in three traditional areas of fishing-bob-shrimp. Seasonally, during the day, from September 2009 to July 2010, drags on traditional shrimp fishing areas in the municipalities of Bal. Barra South and Porto Belo, Santa Catarina, and monthly hauls were performed during the period September 2011 to August 2012 at easel Itapocoroy Penha, Santa Catarina. It appears that the composition of the Sciaenidae of accompanying fauna is dominated by demersal fish, belonging to two genera and three species Stellifer rastrifer, and S. brasiliensis Paralonchurus brasiliensis characterized dominant. The populations show seasonal fluctuations in abundance, with the highest catch rates in summer and lowest in winter. In general, the populations of the three species showed similar results in the evaluated parameters, experiencing a dominance of males in relation to females throughout the sampling period, with a predominance of males in the smaller length classes and the larger female. As the size of the first maturation of these species of approximately 9cm with the occurrence of two clutches per year. Trawling with network-of-doors practiced by the artisanal fleet operates intensely on juvenile population despite large share of the adult population.
Importância relativa da dispersão primária e secundária de sementes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-04)
Camargo, Paulo Henrique Santos Araújo
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Christianini, Alexander Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2940815662492475
Seed dispersal is a key process in the reproductive cycle of plants. Diplochory is the system in which the seed dispersal is performed by a sequence of two or more stages in which often vertebrates act as primary dispersers and ants as secondary dispersers. In this work, we investigated the relative contribution of primary and secondary seed dispersal by birds and ants, respectively, for the regeneration of Erythroxylum ambiguum, a shrub of the Atlantic Forest that produces ornithochorous fruits. The study was carried out in an Atlantic rain forest in the Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (SP) from August 2012 to April 2014. After 4163.2 hours of focal observations on 21 individuals with ripe fruit, we recorded 12 species of birds feeding on fruits (average duration of 36 s/visit). During visits about 90% of the fruits were swallowed whole and the estimated dispersal distance was 11.4 ± 6.8 m (mean ± SD of distance until the first landing perch after the visit). Comparative experiments showed greater speed and final germination percentage in the seeds removed from the bird droppings Turdus albicollis and T. leucomelas and from refuse dumps of colonies of the ant Pachycondyla striata compared to controls, indicating that these birds and ants positively affect seed germination. On average, each plant (n = 11) produced 381 ± 329 fruits. Birds removed a mean of 26% of the fruits produced, and 74% of the fruits reached the ground below plant crown (57% as ripe fruit). Most of the diaspores fallen to the ground were removed by vertebrate seed predators, while ants removed 27% of total production. Although 20 species of ants interacted with the diaspores in the soil, only five species removed the seed to a distance of 0.91 ± 0.93 m (n = 24). In addition, 60% of the seeds presented in bird feces were removed by ants. Seedlings of Erythroxylum were found more frequently in ant nests compared to controls. Thus, the system of seed dispersal of E. ambiguum is diplochorous. Although we did not found a difference in the quantitative importance between birds and ants, these animals act complementarily in seed dispersal by removing the seed from the vicinity of the parent plant and redistributing the seeds to favorable locations for seedling recruitment, respectively. Furthermore, our results suggest that although most of the fruits of the Atlantic forest are adapted to dispersal by vertebrates, ants may be as important in the dispersal of the seeds and in plant regeneration as vertebrates.
Coleoptera aquáticos associados à macrófita Salvinia Séguier, 1754 em ambientes lênticos no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-05)
Paula, Márcia Cristina de
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Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1176036882965839
Coleoptera is the largest and most diverse order among the Insecta with approximately 400,000 species, the majority terrest, however about 12 thousand species are aquatic. In order to know the Coleoptera fauna associated with the aquatic macrophytes of the genus Salvinia in lentic environments, this study was conducted in two chapters: the first, Coleoptera associated with Salvinia in four oxbow lakes belonging to two watersheds and the second, the Coleoptera fauna associated with Salvinia auriculata in the dam Beija-Flor. The collects were made monthly over a year in two oxbow lakes to Paranapanema River, in the municipality of Angatuba-SP, in two oxbow lakes to Mogi-Guaçú River and in dam Beija-Flor, in the Ecological Station of Jataí, in the municipality of Luiz Antônio-SP. To collect the macrophytes was used a circular sampler with area 0.07 m² and mesh 0.25 mm aperture. The results indicate that there is greater similarity between the communities of Coleoptera of the lakes that are inserted into the same flood plain and, the connectivity between river and lake is not decisive for the richness and abundance of aquatic Coleoptera fauna. The values of the analysis of the richness and abundance of aquatic Coleoptera typically vary with the species of aquatic macrophytes used by these insects as substrate. The Coleoptera fauna presented several and uniforms during, mainly, the warmer periods of the year. In Brazil, studies on Coleoptera associated with macrophytes in lentic environments is currently scarce, thus, this work contributes to the previous knowledge of the ecology of this fauna in southeastern São Paulo State.