Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-06-03"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 17005

Estudo funcional comparativo das co-chaperonas moleculares p23A e p23B da Hsp90 de Leishmania braziliensis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-03)
Almeida, Glessler Silva
;
Borges, Júlio Cesar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6033516785481779
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2145080389866509
Protein folding is essential for proteins proper biological function. Failures in this process can lead to the formation of poorly unfolded proteins and/or protein aggregates. In order to avoid this problem, the cells express a family of proteins known as molecular chaperones. The molecular chaperones are proteins that assist the correct folding of other proteins, and other important functions in the cells. The Hsp90 family is important for protein folding and it assists in preventing protein aggregation. Hsp90 is regulated by several co-chaperones, for example, p23. The p23 is a small acidic protein that regulates the ATPase activity of Hsp90. It has a structured N-terminal beta-sheet and an unstructured C-terminal domain. In addition to the regulatory role, as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of Hsp90, it also has chaperone activity in itself. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate comparatively two p23 identified in the Leishmania braziliensis (Lbp23A and Lbp23B) genome. The proteins were expressed, purified and structurally and functionally characterized. Furthermore, functional assays such as intrinsic chaperone activity and inhibition of ATPase activity of Hsp90 L. braziliensis (LbHsp90) and identifying in vivo by western blotting were developed. The results indicate that these two proteins are structurally similar, however, demonstrated significant differences in chemical and thermal stability. The Lbp23 also differ in relation to chaperone activity and inhibition of ATPase activity of LbHsp90. The in vivo identification revealed the presence of both Lbp23 in extracts of L. braziliensis; besides suggesting possible post-translational modifications in Lbp23B. The results indicate that both Lbp23 are undoubtedly p23, since they show p23-like function and structural signs.
Fenologia de espécies ornitófilas e ornitocóricas em um trecho de Floreta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-03)
Grimaldi, Mariana Castanheira
;
Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8554289165234686
Phenology of Atlantic Forest is still ongoing issue for environmental studies. The goal of our study was to analyze and evaluate the phenology of plants pollinated and dispersed by birds on a stretch of Brazilian Atlantic Forest, in Carlos Botelho State Park (PECB) ( 24 ° 06 ' 55'' , 24 º 14' 41'' S , 47 º 47 ' 18'' and 48 º 07' 17'' W), whose climate has no distinct seasons. We hypothesized that there would be more flowers and fruits in warm period, in every community, and that would be synchrony between individuals of the same guild, regardless of the life-form. We selected five transects totaling 3000 m2, in which were collected phenological data of plant community from October 2012 to December 2013. According plants showed reproductive phenology, these were marked and monitored monthly. The plants were identified and categorized by life forms and dispersal and pollination syndromes. We calculated the diameter at breast height (DBH) and basal area by measuring the circumference at breast height (PAP) of trees, shrubs and palms with reproductive phenological event and all individuals larger than 15 cm DBH. We found 819 individuals with reproductive phonological event, which 68.6% were epiphytes and 23.2 % were small trees, shrubs and palm trees. The most observations of events in trees, small trees, shrubs and palm trees were smaller than 12 cm of DBH, which means high proportion of events in the understory (77,4 % of total of these four life form). Reproductive phenological events were correlated mainly with temperature and day length. Ornithophilous individuals accounted for 43.7 % of total records, and bird-dispersed plants represented 20.7%. The differences of ornithophilous flowers and bird-dispersed plant with ripe fruits between warm and cold periods of the occurrence were not significant for both (p=0,2856 e p=0,1606, respectively). The synchrony index of the occurrence of ornithophilous flowers and ripe fruit in bird-dispersal plants was low for both (Z=0.2684 and Z=0.2430, respectively). This low synchrony can avoid competition and promote pollination and dispersal. It is also noticed that in conservation areas where diversity is high, production of flowers and fruits occurs all year, offering resources any time.
Síntese e estudo das propriedades fotoluminescentes e fotocatalíticas dos cristais de Ag2-2xMxWO4, (M = Mg e Zn)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-03)
Lemos, Pablo Santana
;
Longo, Elson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
;
lattes.cnpq.br/5312788618871270
This study aimed to investigate the photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties of the alpha phase of silver tungstate ( α-Ag2WO4 ) doped with Mg and Zn (where M = Mg or Zn and x = 0; 0,01; 0,02; 0,04 ou 0,08). The crystals were synthesized by precipitation and were later heat treated in a hydrothermal system heated by microwave. The crystals were characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement and by Raman scattering spectroscopy and absorption in the infrared region. From these characterizations was observed the formation of a single phase in all cases even for doping of 8%. The morphology was analyzed by SEM, and it was possible to observe changes in form and average particle size. Concerning the optical properties, these were investigated by ultraviolet- visible (UV-vis) electronic spectroscopy, and photoluminescence measurements at room temperature. In the case of UV-vis spectroscopy was observed that the substitution of Ag+ cations by Mg2+ can cause small changes in the optical band gap energy (Egap) of the materials. With respect to photoluminescence, no significant changes were observed in the profile of the emission band between the pure and doped materials. Finally, photocatalytic experiments were conducted with the crystals in the presence of rhodamine B. The analyzes of this experiment indicated that all samples exhibit photocatalytic activity in decolorization of the Rhodamine B. It might also be noted that all the doped samples showed a higher rate of discoloration of rhodamine B than the pure Ag2WO4. The kinetics for all reactions corresponds to a pseudo first order reaction.
Análise quali-quantitativa dos Sciaenidae na pesca do camarão sete-barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri), litoral de Santa Catarina Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-04)
Monteiro, Herbert Silva
;
Branco, Joaquim Olinto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3241905846920207
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3650202413836300
Trawling with network-of-doors practiced by the artisanal fleet directed to-bobshrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri in central and northern coast of Santa Catarina is an efficient way to capture the target species. However, it has low selectivity and incidentally capture large contingent of demersal and benthic fauna, grouped on the designation of bycatch species, part of this is compounded by the Sciaenidae comprising teleost fish with great commercial importance. Based on this finding, the aim of this work was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative fish species present in the Sciaenidae accompanying fauna in three traditional areas of fishing-bob-shrimp. Seasonally, during the day, from September 2009 to July 2010, drags on traditional shrimp fishing areas in the municipalities of Bal. Barra South and Porto Belo, Santa Catarina, and monthly hauls were performed during the period September 2011 to August 2012 at easel Itapocoroy Penha, Santa Catarina. It appears that the composition of the Sciaenidae of accompanying fauna is dominated by demersal fish, belonging to two genera and three species Stellifer rastrifer, and S. brasiliensis Paralonchurus brasiliensis characterized dominant. The populations show seasonal fluctuations in abundance, with the highest catch rates in summer and lowest in winter. In general, the populations of the three species showed similar results in the evaluated parameters, experiencing a dominance of males in relation to females throughout the sampling period, with a predominance of males in the smaller length classes and the larger female. As the size of the first maturation of these species of approximately 9cm with the occurrence of two clutches per year. Trawling with network-of-doors practiced by the artisanal fleet operates intensely on juvenile population despite large share of the adult population.
Importância relativa da dispersão primária e secundária de sementes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-04)
Camargo, Paulo Henrique Santos Araújo
;
Christianini, Alexander Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2940815662492475
Seed dispersal is a key process in the reproductive cycle of plants. Diplochory is the system in which the seed dispersal is performed by a sequence of two or more stages in which often vertebrates act as primary dispersers and ants as secondary dispersers. In this work, we investigated the relative contribution of primary and secondary seed dispersal by birds and ants, respectively, for the regeneration of Erythroxylum ambiguum, a shrub of the Atlantic Forest that produces ornithochorous fruits. The study was carried out in an Atlantic rain forest in the Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (SP) from August 2012 to April 2014. After 4163.2 hours of focal observations on 21 individuals with ripe fruit, we recorded 12 species of birds feeding on fruits (average duration of 36 s/visit). During visits about 90% of the fruits were swallowed whole and the estimated dispersal distance was 11.4 ± 6.8 m (mean ± SD of distance until the first landing perch after the visit). Comparative experiments showed greater speed and final germination percentage in the seeds removed from the bird droppings Turdus albicollis and T. leucomelas and from refuse dumps of colonies of the ant Pachycondyla striata compared to controls, indicating that these birds and ants positively affect seed germination. On average, each plant (n = 11) produced 381 ± 329 fruits. Birds removed a mean of 26% of the fruits produced, and 74% of the fruits reached the ground below plant crown (57% as ripe fruit). Most of the diaspores fallen to the ground were removed by vertebrate seed predators, while ants removed 27% of total production. Although 20 species of ants interacted with the diaspores in the soil, only five species removed the seed to a distance of 0.91 ± 0.93 m (n = 24). In addition, 60% of the seeds presented in bird feces were removed by ants. Seedlings of Erythroxylum were found more frequently in ant nests compared to controls. Thus, the system of seed dispersal of E. ambiguum is diplochorous. Although we did not found a difference in the quantitative importance between birds and ants, these animals act complementarily in seed dispersal by removing the seed from the vicinity of the parent plant and redistributing the seeds to favorable locations for seedling recruitment, respectively. Furthermore, our results suggest that although most of the fruits of the Atlantic forest are adapted to dispersal by vertebrates, ants may be as important in the dispersal of the seeds and in plant regeneration as vertebrates.
Coleoptera aquáticos associados à macrófita Salvinia Séguier, 1754 em ambientes lênticos no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-05)
Paula, Márcia Cristina de
;
Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1176036882965839
Coleoptera is the largest and most diverse order among the Insecta with approximately 400,000 species, the majority terrest, however about 12 thousand species are aquatic. In order to know the Coleoptera fauna associated with the aquatic macrophytes of the genus Salvinia in lentic environments, this study was conducted in two chapters: the first, Coleoptera associated with Salvinia in four oxbow lakes belonging to two watersheds and the second, the Coleoptera fauna associated with Salvinia auriculata in the dam Beija-Flor. The collects were made monthly over a year in two oxbow lakes to Paranapanema River, in the municipality of Angatuba-SP, in two oxbow lakes to Mogi-Guaçú River and in dam Beija-Flor, in the Ecological Station of Jataí, in the municipality of Luiz Antônio-SP. To collect the macrophytes was used a circular sampler with area 0.07 m² and mesh 0.25 mm aperture. The results indicate that there is greater similarity between the communities of Coleoptera of the lakes that are inserted into the same flood plain and, the connectivity between river and lake is not decisive for the richness and abundance of aquatic Coleoptera fauna. The values of the analysis of the richness and abundance of aquatic Coleoptera typically vary with the species of aquatic macrophytes used by these insects as substrate. The Coleoptera fauna presented several and uniforms during, mainly, the warmer periods of the year. In Brazil, studies on Coleoptera associated with macrophytes in lentic environments is currently scarce, thus, this work contributes to the previous knowledge of the ecology of this fauna in southeastern São Paulo State.
Avaliação da transferência de política do tratamento diretamente observado para tuberculose em Ribeirão Preto/SP: visão dos profissionais de saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-06)
Ramdohr Sobrinho, Ellen Cristine
;
Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572553924234608
Estudo da modulação autonômica cardíaca no processo de envelhecimento e suas relações com a terapia de reposição hormonal, proteína C-reativa e comprimento de telômeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-06)
Perseguini, Natália Maria
;
Catai, Aparecida Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4760699117769332
The aging process affects many systems of the human body, including: autonomic nervous system, which can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV); cellular structures, such as telomere length; and mechanisms of regulation of the inflammatory process, which can be evaluated by inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). The combined analysis of these variables enables the study of the aging process in a multidimensional way. Additionally, the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on HRV are contradictory. In this way, we conducted the study I, which aimed to investigate the effects of HRT on HRV in healthy postmenopausal women. Two groups were evaluated: Group 1 (G1): 20 women who did not use HRT (60 ± 5.89 years) and group 2 (G2): 20 women undergoing HRT (59 ± 5.70 years). The electrocardiogram was recorded in supine position for 10 min. Spectral analysis included low and high frequency in absolute (LF and HF) and normalized (LFnu and HFnu) units. LF/HF ratio was also calculated. Symbolic analysis (0V%, 1V%, 2LV% e 2UV%), Shannon and conditional entropy were calculated. LF, LFnu and LF/HF ratio were higher, whereas HFnu was lower in G2 than in G1. Correlations between complexity indices and HFnu were significant and positive only in G1. We conclude that women undergoing HRT had higher cardiac sympathetic modulation and reduced cardiac vagal modulation compared to women not using HRT. Moreover, the expected positive relationship between cardiac vagal modulation and HRV complexity was found only in the group not undergoing HRT, indicating that vagal modulation in women under therapy drop below a minimum value necessary to the association to become apparent, suggesting an unfavorable cardiac autonomic modulation in spite of HRT. Considering the findings of the study I, we chose to adopt the use of the therapy as an exclusion criterion for the study II. Thus, the study II aimed to examine the aging effect on heart rate variability in supine and standing, on serum hsCRP and leukocyte telomere length, as well as to verify the age at which the changes caused by aging process are accentuated. One hundred and ten volunteers were divided into five groups according to age: G21-30 years, G31-40 years, G41-50 years, G51-60 years, and G61-70 years. Venous blood samples were collected for measurements of serum hsCRP and telomere length. ECG signals were recorded in rest supine and standing (15 min in each posture). HRV was assessed by spectral analysis in low and high frequencies in absolute (LF e HF) and normalized (LFnu e HFnu) units; symbolic analysis (0V%, 1V%, 2LV% e 2UV%); Shannon entropy; and complexity index (CI) and normalized CI (NCI) from conditional entropy. The main results were: 1) HF and 2UV% reduction (vagal modulation) in G51-60, and 0V% increase (sympathetic modulation) and NCI reduction (complexity) in G61-70, in supine; 2) less efficient response to postural change from supine to standing with advancing age; 3) hsCRP increase in G51-60; 4) telomere shortening in G61-70; 5) in supine, HRV indices showed stronger relationship with the principal component of most relevance from the multivariate principal component analysis, compared to hsCRP and telomere length. Considering that HRV indices in supine had a stronger association with the aging process, we can conclude that the decrease in cardiac vagal modulation may have influenced the increase in serum hsCRP (although normal values), in G51-60, since this effect is described by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Decreased cardiac vagal modulation and increased hsCRP may have contributed to the telomere shortening identified in the following decade (G61-70). In this way, we must consider the importance of preventive actions prior to the onset of aging effects, particularly in the 41-50 age range, in an attempt to attenuate the natural effects of senescence.
Estrutura e ecologia trófica da Ictiofauna da microbacia do Córrego Beija-flor, Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-06)
Luiz, Tatiane Ferraz
;
Moura, Evelise Nunes Fragoso de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561803596789261
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
The objective of this study was to analyze the structure, composition, trophic ecology and food items shared by the fish fauna in the stream Beija -Flor, located in Jataí Ecological Station ( 21 ⁰ 36'32 .8 " S 47 ⁰ 48'0 .54 " W ), besides characterizing the trophic ecology of the species Hemigrammus marginatus, one of the most abundant in the Beija-Flor stream. The samples of fish were collected monthly from August 2011 to July 2012, using gill nets, trawl nets and baited traps in five sampling stations distributed along the Beija-Flor stream. The fish were fixed in 10% formalin in the field and in the laboratory were identified and subjected to biometric measurements. The stomachs were weighed and transferred to 70% alcohol and stomach contents were examined under a stereomicroscope to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Forty four fish species belonging to 33 genera, 16 families and 5 orders were collected. Most species were accidental ( 43.18 % ), followed by constant species ( 38.64 % ) and accessory (18.18 % ). The diet of 30 species was analyzed. The main dietary habit was insectivorous, followed by omnivorous habits, herbivorous, piscivorous and detritivore. The dietary overlap was high in several species during periods of dry and flood. Hemigrammus marginatus was classified as an insectivore. Food items of autochthonous origin of the orders Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were more important during the dry season, while the items of allochthonous origin of the order Hymenoptera, were more important in the rainy season. The increase in the quantity and variety of food items during the flooding causes some species of fish to become more generalist and share food resources. Hemigrammus marginatus, Astyanax altiparanae, Metynnis maculatus, Serrapinnus notomelas and Oligosarcus pintoi, have complex of interactions with the food items and can be considered key species for stream Beija- Flor. The results showed that the stream Beija-Flor is a preserved, with high species diversity by being located within the Jataí Ecological Station, but is highly threatened by being surrounded by sugar cane plantations.
Variações da estrutura a termo de taxa de juros e mudanças na imunização de carteiras com análise de componente principal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-06)
Kohatsu, Marcelo Yoshimatsu
;
Cruz Júnior, José César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0086426315229286
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7411142551945421
;
Silva Junior, Geraldo Edmundo
The purpose of this dissertation is investigating changes on the immunized portfolios by the analytic method of principal components analysis from an inversion movement of the term structure of interest rates. In 2012, the one year yield curve had short term's interest rate higher than long term's interest rate, featuring a decrescent profile behavior. In December 2012, the structure shape changed and became firstly flat to become, later, a positively sloped curve. The method of immunization with analysis of principal component uses a structure by retroactive term for the calculation of the facts towards the greatest variance. In this dissertation we verify that the use of a decrescent historic of the structure on term for the calculation of the components did not present inconsistencies in the immunization of the portfolio in the period that the structure on term was becoming itself crescent.
Análise da influência de corpos d'água em microclimas urbanos: estudo de caso em São José do Rio Preto, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-06)
Masiero, Érico
;
Souza, Lea Cristina Lucas de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0083847008256434
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167
This study analyzes the microclimate effects caused by a water body in São José do Rio Preto city, which is located at an Altitute Tropical Climate region in the São Paulo State, Brazil. The main hypothesis stems from the conjunction among the air masses action in the region combined with the evaporative cooling by the water body in the built environment. The study methodology is based on the physical characterization of different environments that make up the urban environment, in determining procedures of gathering data field, in the analysis of macro and meso climatic characteristics of the region, in the treatment of microclimate data by mapping information and the formulation of guide lines for urban space occupation. The monitoring field data campaigns used meteorological measurements at fixed points to record the behavior of temperature, humidity, solar radiation, evapotranspiration, the wind speed and direction in the urban area, both in the rural environment, in the bank of the dam, in the inner city and in the suburbs. Climate general information of the region were collected by Automatic Weather Station of CIIAGRO Center for Integrated Agricultural Weather Information and the CETESB Station Environmental Company of São Paulo State - which were crossed with the data and the satellite images of INPE-CPTEC Prediction Center of Weather and Climate Research. After the field campaigns, climatic data and physical characteristics of the urban environment were processed using geostatistical methods for mapping the microclimate behavior of the studied urban areas. We concluded that the wind action over the water mass may influence the immediate surroundings, reaching approximately 1.000m depending of the topographical characteristics, of the urban occupation and the atmospheric conditions. Humidification of urban air through the water body can reduce the daily temperature peaks at approximately 3°C, however, the significant difference found in the rates of temperature and humidity in the urban canopy layer clarifies that the 9 km² of the water surface are insufficient to influence the farthest outlying areas of the dam under any climatic conditions. The low penetration of humidified air masses suggests that urban space should favor the passive action of evaporative cooling to cause microclimatic effects to mitigate the temperature amplitude in low vegetated areas and in a highly waterproofed city.
O céu que nos protege: a desertificação das relações humanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-09)
Rodrigues, Ana Claudia
;
Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6190989283414190
And the world at full speed, with its re-engineering and mass production, would bring hope to men. It was possible to believe in the prosperity of technique as a compensation for the gap imposed by the Second World War. In a blend of sepia and black and white, reminder of a bygone cinema, the screen is filled as progress, speed and the principle of quantitative values are announced. Industries and factories, cars and trams, dynamism and rush, skyscrapers and neon: here is the synthesis of the universe portraited in the beginning of The sheltering sky (1990), by Bernardo Bertolucci. As colours invade the screen, through a sequence of shots, as they indicate new happenings, the essence of all that excess was made as though it was pulled away with tweezers: Port, Kit and Tunner would lead, starting from that diegetic instant, not only their own peculiarities, but also the universalization they fitted in. Thus, in the face on the mentioned anticipating elements of a leading image for the awake senses of the spectators, we seek to analyze Bertolucci s film in the meanderings of its own historical contextualization in which the characters are inserted, since they would be sharp representation of a recent second post-war, and they saw their own rebuilding in the progress of technique and therefore, through this idealization, they walked forward searching for the compensation of intrinsic gaps. But it is clear that the characters behaviour will not be restricted to the 50s but rather on the contrary, once in earlier circunstances the individuals can be seen in the look for a path, a way out from their loneliness or any other aspect concerning the sense of their existence. In the same way, nowadays , by the means of a visible technology serving a market in constant renovation, anchors reshaped in new disguises are evident, remoulding the idea of new , are evident, and these are constantly committed to the compensation of an existencial void, of a crossing in the quest for a hold for the individual. So, starting from the very genesis of the film precursor tracks common to the creative progress, of which there are no certainties, but intuition, deduction sensitive to the heterogeneous remittance of art, the route narrated in each segment of the film will be establishing itself gradually, always by the light of a methodology fit to outline each character by their own action in order to insert them in the categories given by the diegesis itself, such as travellers, tourist and those who would be in the simultaneity of those determinations, which we can name passengers all of this indicating different manners of seeing the world. Alongside whit those classifications, it is sought to establish the very path of the aesthetic element through the trails of those individuals, first in a fleeting principle, that is, easily falling in forgetfulness, through the linkage of a time in synchrony with the past of tradition, with the present of its fulfillments and with the future pointing at wherever there may be a look of reception. Thus, between the ephemerity of things and the firmness of senses, between men s trends in the front of their supposed arts and of the perennial building of the individual mirroring himself in the immortality of the artistic object, this analysis of the film The sheltering sky begins.
Avaliação da eficiência e modelagem matemática da remoção de material particulado em canal gramado integrante de técnica compensatória construída em escala real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-09)
Felipe, Mayara Caroline
;
Moruzzi, Rodrigo Braga
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408665052901005
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1287505734500290
A math model was applied to describe the removal of particulate matter in lawn canal built in real scale. For this purpose different initial concentrations (Co) of particulate matter were investigated, as following: 65; 131; 196; 262 and 327 mg/L. The investigated rains, containing suspended solids, were discharged on the channel which has 100 m in length and slope of 2 %. Measurements were made of particulate material through the analysis of turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) in 26 locations along the length of the channel. The experimental data were fit to the model using nonlinear regression parameter (kd) and (C*), which correspond to the decay kinetics constant and minimum limiting values the curve removal, respectively. Fractions removed and mathematical adjustment were assessed and performed for each isolated event and also for the result set. On average, the magnitude of the relative error ranged from 0.83% to 5.11%, with the highest average value obtained for the lowest concentration of particulate matter (65 mg L- 1). Regarding the values obtained for the decay constants (kd ), which represent the frequency of removal of particulate matter, it is noted that the same trends to a minimum value for the higher initial concentrations of particles (Co) . This fact indicates that the higher the initial concentration of particulate matter (Co), the greater the extent of travel required for its removal, with a maximum observed at around 80 m, for concentrations above 196 mg.L-1.
Programação das frentes de colheita de cana-de-açúcar: uma modelagem visando o equilíbrio das capacidades de colheita e transporte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-09)
Junqueira, Rogério de Ávila Ribeiro
;
Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
The production of sugar, ethanol and electricity from sugar cane necessarily involves harvesting and transportation of raw materials, which are expensive and complex operations and have significant influence on the quality of the industrial raw material. The literature reports several optimization approaches related to the planning of planting, harvesting and transporting of sugarcane, however the scheduling of harvesting fronts is underexplored. This thesis intends to contribute to the state-of-art of this important issue in the context of the Brazilian agribusiness. Optimization approaches to support scheduling decisions of harvesting fronts considering the balance of harvesting and transportation capacities, as well as good agronomic management are proposed. The approaches are inspired by the representation of the problem as a lot sizing and scheduling model with parallel machines and sequence-dependent setup costs and times, a modelling technique well studied in the production planning and control literature. Three variants of this formulation, based on mathematical programming models, were developed and tested in two real case studies of medium size sugar mills. Heuristic methods based on aggregation procedures and mathematical programming have also been studied and developed to solve large scaled problems found in practice. Among the three variants studied, one presented the best solution quality within the expected execution time. Important scenario analysis were done indicating that the schedule s fulfilment provides reduction of harvesting and transporting complexity to the following season, which can generate significant saves in the cases studied. Besides that, comparing the proposed scheduling method with one of the sector s practice, it can be generated also significant cost reduction in the cases studied. The results were analyzed according to a validation methodology (descriptive facet of tetraedrum) well known in the literature.
Vegetação de cerrado e conservação : relação entre teorias, influência da escala e variação espacial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-09)
Baldoni, Raquel Negrão
;
Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6904975996650586
A community can be defined purely as a group of individuals in a certain area? Since the beginning of ecology as a science, many authors have proposed theories to explain the structure of plant communities and therefore the spatial variation. However, although the accumulated knowledge has advanced to challenge the theories with each other, we have not reached many consensus within the community ecology. Likewise it has not been an easy task to establish physical or functional boundaries between the plant communities in the field, has also not been easy to establish boundaries between theories, approaches and influences of diferents areas of science, such as the biogeografia and evolution. Although some researchers have been working on attempts to establish an integrated theory was not only achieved little success and earned the antipathy of many trends or incited passions in scientific circles. On the one hand, the structure of the plant community may be the result of chance that accumulates over time and space, or by environmental heterogeneity due to specific ecological adaptations of different species. On the other hand, the gradient study indicates recognition of closed communities separated by transitional areas whose influence among communities, such highly dynamic areas, regulate their diversity, as endemic center would be essential for management and maintenance actions. Thus, the thresholds may reflect discontinuities on many different levels, but all kinds of limits can help to draw the line where there is success or failure in the prevalence of survival, growth and reproduction, sufficient to prevent the extinction of a species. In this context, the objective of this work is especially to propose a new old way to look at the structure of plant communities, trying to recognize the principles of the proposed theories from the scale of influence on spatial variation in community composition. Still, considering the current context of environmental changes caused by human activities, we will evaluate the effect of artificial transitions in the structure and diversity of communities. Furthermore, given the important contribution of ecotonal areas as endemic centers, we evaluate the contribution of the occurrence of threatened species in these areas for the Brazilian ecosystems conservation status. In this analysis, greater focus was given to the Cerrado, as the Brazilian Phytogeographic Domain presenting transition areas with almost all other ecosystems, with the exception of Pampa. Our results indicated a greater heterogeneity among the grasslands than in the savanna, but in thin scales both guard similarity close to 1, with a higher similarity between samples than expected by chance. This allows us to consider that the fine-scale continuum theory applies to structuring of communities and its spatial variation. In a coarser scale, communities vary as of continuum, in which the case studied in Itirapina Ecological Station, the continuum is represented by the part of Coutinho's gradient ("Grassland – Savanna - Forest") as Grassland-Forest. However, within a mosaic of ecotones and homogeneous types of vegetation, we find gradients nested with the refinement of the scale. In this case, the influence of the scale in approaches to the structuring of the Cerrado communities could be related to fractals, from the recognition of repeated linked units. Considering the intense fragmentation of the Cerrado vegetation, the invasibility of the communities and the biodiversity loss by invasive alien species, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the effect of artificial transitions in the structure of plant communities and establish 3 effective measures of management of invasive grasses for the focus of established invasion. Still, one must consider the ecosystem conservation status are significantly influenced by the heterogeneity that should be considered in priority actions for conservation.
Composição bioquímica de organismos planctônicos visando à aplicação em aquicultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-09)
Rocha, Giseli Swerts
;
Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9522932409165588
Aquaculture is an activity of great importance in food production, but fish survival in post- larval stages represents a big challenge. Artemia sp. is successfully used as live food, but is expensive and one of the alternatives to reduce costs is to use native species, such as natural zooplankton and fairy shrimp Dendrocephalus brasiliensis, phylogenetically close to A. salina. This study examined how changes in nutritional conditions affect the algae Ankistrodesmus gracilis, and the biochemical composition of D. brasiliensis, Artemia sp. and Daphnia magna. Moreover, we studied how different combinations of food affect the biochemical composition of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The results showed that the availability of phosphorus and copper alter the biochemical composition of algae and affect the production of chlorophyll, growth rates and resistance to metal; D. brasiliensis showed good results in terms of the content of carbohydrates and protein, and a change in the lipid composition according to sex and stage of development of animals; cod showed better results when feed on wild zooplankton added to the cultivated and enriched organisms (rotifers and Artemia) in tanks. Based on these results, we conclude that the environment and nutrient availability in the case of microalgae, affects the biochemical composition and ability to handle contaminants. The biochemical composition of zooplankton can affect higher trophic levels, affecting both the biochemical composition. For these reasons, it is important to know the optimal cultivation conditions in order to achieve the best results in each trophic level.
A família Myrtaceae na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, Iperó, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-10)
Silva, Alan Teixeira da
;
Capelo, Fiorella Fernanda Mazine
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0400014722017129
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8524312847995625
With about 1.000 species and 23 genera occurring in Brazil, Myrtaceae is one of the most important families in floristic surveys, mainly in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest areas. The National Forest of Ipanema is occupied mostly by Atlantic Forest and small areas of Cerrado; it is also possible to observe signs of human exploration in the past in the area. The main objective of this work is to improve the knowledge of Myrtaceae in the National Forest of Ipanema. For this, field trips were made between September 2012 and March 2013 and the collections of the following herbaria were analyzed: CCTS, ESA, IAC, SP, SPSF, UEC. After data analysis 23 species of Myrtaceae and 6 genera were found: Eugenia (10 species), Myrcia (4 species), Psidium (4 species), Campomanesia (3 species), Calyptranthes (1 species) and Plinia (1 species). Descriptions, illustrations, maps of geographical distribution and keys of identification of the species were prepared. After data analyzis C. neriiflora was identified in the IUCN red list of threatened species as vulnerable risk, by the other side, Psidium guajava occurs at high frequency, as it is an invasive species, it could endanger the local biodiversity. All the collected specimens were deposited in CCTS collection.
Evangelho segundo Racionais MC'S: ressignificações religiosas, políticas e estético-musicais nas narrativas do rap
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-10)
Takahashi, Henrique Yagui
;
Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8260631356720463
The present work consists in a study concerning the ressignifications in the narratives of Racionais MC s group of rap about the daily life of the urban peripheries in the city of São Paulo, during the years 1990 to 2000. These ressignifications about the peripheral dayafter- day would be in three aspects: religious a narrative composition of the rappers using the moral and ethical Christian notions, reviving a biblical narrative, more specifically of Livro Êxodo, and Livro Gênesis and the Jesus Christ, thus presenting a relevance of the peripheral pentecostal universe; politic the rap s subversive and critical bias, arising from the American black leaders discourse such as Malcolm X s, the Brazilian re-democratization process with political participation of the popular classes, and the hip-hop as political, cultural and artistic critic movement to the injustices and social inequalities in the urban peripheries engendered by capitalism and racism; and esthetic-musical through the notion of sample, audible clipping of a music or environment sounds (for example a car exhaust s noise), that composed with other musical elements would constitute the sonority while rap s expressivity constitutive elements, using mainly the black aesthetic-musical genres such as: funk, disco, gospel, soul, samba and pagode. Based on the albums Sobrevivendo no inferno [Surviving in Hell] (1997), and Nada como um dia após outro dia [Nothing as One Day after Another Day] (2002), I shall present their songs as narratives that hybridize political, religious and esthetic-musical elements, thus, establishing a Gospel according to Racionais MC s.
Monitoramento e modelagem hidrológica de plano de infiltração construído em escala real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-10)
Tecedor, Natália
;
Barbassa, Ademir Paceli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3526779414947884
The intense urbanization generated from twentieth century and the emergence of large urban centers brought about a considerable change in the use and occupation of land ; this became very waterproof resulting in increased runoff . Problems resulting from the growth of this flow we mention floods , climate change , interference in the hydrological cycle and water balance . This problem , with the passage of time has been improving sustainable urban drainage analyzing the control flow that has to be done at source infiltration , percolation and storage . The importance of this work is to know the compensatory techniques so that they can be applied in the UFSCAR campus - São Carlos - SP . This study aimed to design, build , monitor and model a plan of infiltration, built in real scale, for stormwater management of the building with an area of 3001.3 m². The funds came from Project MCT / FINEP / Action Cross Environmental and Housing 07 /2009 Drainage - MAPLU2 - . Stormwater Management Urban 2 The soil characterization was performed considering their fitness levels , grain size, permeability, degree of compaction and profile this soil. The lifting of water infiltration into the soil testing was conducted with double ring . There was an technical compensatory plan infiltration met the six physical aspects , three urban and infrastructure aspects , environmental aspects and two health and two socioeconomic aspects . The method adopted for the design was the envelope -curve , using a return period of 10 years. Through electronic equipment and measurements of precipitation 32 actual rainfall events were monitored . In this period there were no leakage of the infiltration plan representing these events , an efficiency of 100 % in reducing runoff volume. The modeling technique was using the method of PULS . This model however was considered difficult to apply this technique , that due to uncertainties regarding the areas of infiltration by high initial infiltration capacity of the soil and the fact that the water has preferred areas in infiltration plan.
Sistema multiagente para controle de veículos autônomos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-10)
Branisso, Lucas Binhardi
;
Kato, Edilson Reis Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8517698122676145
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2989288919102233
Vehicle fleets are an important component in several applications, moving materials and people. Examples include material handling in warehouses, factories and port terminals, people transportation as in taxi fleets and emergency services, such as medical assistance, fire-fighters and police. Fleet operation is crucial for these applications: it can mean loss of money and commercial partners in case of industry, os loss of lives in case of emergency services. Controlling the fleet to achieve efficient levels of performance is a difficult problem, though, and becomes even harder as the fleet grows. Research in the area has been linking vehicle fleet operation to Multi-Agent Systems, because vehicle fleets are naturally distributed and Multi-agent System is a convenient abstraction to cope with distributed Artificial Intelligence problems. Therefore, it is proposed a Multi-Agent System to control vehicle fleets, focusing on material handling application in warehouses. The proposed system has three types of agents: Vehicle Agent, Loading Point Agent and Storage Point Agent. Agents interact amongst themselves through messages, trying to efficiently realize the material handling in a warehouse. System implementation is done through a simulation of a warehouse operation, built on top of MASON multi-agent system simulation platform. Task assignment strategies is also an important problem, therefore four strategies are shown and tested using the simulation: CNET, Fuzzy, DynCNET and FiTA. To enable comparison among these strategies, a Genetic Algorithm is employed to systematically search good parameters for each strategy. The proposed system, as well as the simulation, are offered as a framework for development of other vehicle fleets controlling multi-agent systems and/or task assignment strategies.