Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2014-06-04"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2

Importância relativa da dispersão primária e secundária de sementes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-04) Camargo, Paulo Henrique Santos Araújo; Christianini, Alexander Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2940815662492475
Seed dispersal is a key process in the reproductive cycle of plants. Diplochory is the system in which the seed dispersal is performed by a sequence of two or more stages in which often vertebrates act as primary dispersers and ants as secondary dispersers. In this work, we investigated the relative contribution of primary and secondary seed dispersal by birds and ants, respectively, for the regeneration of Erythroxylum ambiguum, a shrub of the Atlantic Forest that produces ornithochorous fruits. The study was carried out in an Atlantic rain forest in the Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (SP) from August 2012 to April 2014. After 4163.2 hours of focal observations on 21 individuals with ripe fruit, we recorded 12 species of birds feeding on fruits (average duration of 36 s/visit). During visits about 90% of the fruits were swallowed whole and the estimated dispersal distance was 11.4 ± 6.8 m (mean ± SD of distance until the first landing perch after the visit). Comparative experiments showed greater speed and final germination percentage in the seeds removed from the bird droppings Turdus albicollis and T. leucomelas and from refuse dumps of colonies of the ant Pachycondyla striata compared to controls, indicating that these birds and ants positively affect seed germination. On average, each plant (n = 11) produced 381 ± 329 fruits. Birds removed a mean of 26% of the fruits produced, and 74% of the fruits reached the ground below plant crown (57% as ripe fruit). Most of the diaspores fallen to the ground were removed by vertebrate seed predators, while ants removed 27% of total production. Although 20 species of ants interacted with the diaspores in the soil, only five species removed the seed to a distance of 0.91 ± 0.93 m (n = 24). In addition, 60% of the seeds presented in bird feces were removed by ants. Seedlings of Erythroxylum were found more frequently in ant nests compared to controls. Thus, the system of seed dispersal of E. ambiguum is diplochorous. Although we did not found a difference in the quantitative importance between birds and ants, these animals act complementarily in seed dispersal by removing the seed from the vicinity of the parent plant and redistributing the seeds to favorable locations for seedling recruitment, respectively. Furthermore, our results suggest that although most of the fruits of the Atlantic forest are adapted to dispersal by vertebrates, ants may be as important in the dispersal of the seeds and in plant regeneration as vertebrates.
Análise quali-quantitativa dos Sciaenidae na pesca do camarão sete-barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri), litoral de Santa Catarina Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-04) Monteiro, Herbert Silva; Branco, Joaquim Olinto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3241905846920207; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3650202413836300
Trawling with network-of-doors practiced by the artisanal fleet directed to-bobshrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri in central and northern coast of Santa Catarina is an efficient way to capture the target species. However, it has low selectivity and incidentally capture large contingent of demersal and benthic fauna, grouped on the designation of bycatch species, part of this is compounded by the Sciaenidae comprising teleost fish with great commercial importance. Based on this finding, the aim of this work was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative fish species present in the Sciaenidae accompanying fauna in three traditional areas of fishing-bob-shrimp. Seasonally, during the day, from September 2009 to July 2010, drags on traditional shrimp fishing areas in the municipalities of Bal. Barra South and Porto Belo, Santa Catarina, and monthly hauls were performed during the period September 2011 to August 2012 at easel Itapocoroy Penha, Santa Catarina. It appears that the composition of the Sciaenidae of accompanying fauna is dominated by demersal fish, belonging to two genera and three species Stellifer rastrifer, and S. brasiliensis Paralonchurus brasiliensis characterized dominant. The populations show seasonal fluctuations in abundance, with the highest catch rates in summer and lowest in winter. In general, the populations of the three species showed similar results in the evaluated parameters, experiencing a dominance of males in relation to females throughout the sampling period, with a predominance of males in the smaller length classes and the larger female. As the size of the first maturation of these species of approximately 9cm with the occurrence of two clutches per year. Trawling with network-of-doors practiced by the artisanal fleet operates intensely on juvenile population despite large share of the adult population.