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Variações da estrutura a termo de taxa de juros e mudanças na imunização de carteiras com análise de componente principal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-06) Kohatsu, Marcelo Yoshimatsu; Cruz Júnior, José César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0086426315229286; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7411142551945421; Silva Junior, Geraldo Edmundo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5138808982229139; Delfino, Denísio Augusto Liberato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2116101538553069
The purpose of this dissertation is investigating changes on the immunized portfolios by the analytic method of principal components analysis from an inversion movement of the term structure of interest rates. In 2012, the one year yield curve had short term's interest rate higher than long term's interest rate, featuring a decrescent profile behavior. In December 2012, the structure shape changed and became firstly flat to become, later, a positively sloped curve. The method of immunization with analysis of principal component uses a structure by retroactive term for the calculation of the facts towards the greatest variance. In this dissertation we verify that the use of a decrescent historic of the structure on term for the calculation of the components did not present inconsistencies in the immunization of the portfolio in the period that the structure on term was becoming itself crescent.
Estudo da modulação autonômica cardíaca no processo de envelhecimento e suas relações com a terapia de reposição hormonal, proteína C-reativa e comprimento de telômeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-06) Perseguini, Natália Maria; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4760699117769332
The aging process affects many systems of the human body, including: autonomic nervous system, which can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV); cellular structures, such as telomere length; and mechanisms of regulation of the inflammatory process, which can be evaluated by inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). The combined analysis of these variables enables the study of the aging process in a multidimensional way. Additionally, the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on HRV are contradictory. In this way, we conducted the study I, which aimed to investigate the effects of HRT on HRV in healthy postmenopausal women. Two groups were evaluated: Group 1 (G1): 20 women who did not use HRT (60 ± 5.89 years) and group 2 (G2): 20 women undergoing HRT (59 ± 5.70 years). The electrocardiogram was recorded in supine position for 10 min. Spectral analysis included low and high frequency in absolute (LF and HF) and normalized (LFnu and HFnu) units. LF/HF ratio was also calculated. Symbolic analysis (0V%, 1V%, 2LV% e 2UV%), Shannon and conditional entropy were calculated. LF, LFnu and LF/HF ratio were higher, whereas HFnu was lower in G2 than in G1. Correlations between complexity indices and HFnu were significant and positive only in G1. We conclude that women undergoing HRT had higher cardiac sympathetic modulation and reduced cardiac vagal modulation compared to women not using HRT. Moreover, the expected positive relationship between cardiac vagal modulation and HRV complexity was found only in the group not undergoing HRT, indicating that vagal modulation in women under therapy drop below a minimum value necessary to the association to become apparent, suggesting an unfavorable cardiac autonomic modulation in spite of HRT. Considering the findings of the study I, we chose to adopt the use of the therapy as an exclusion criterion for the study II. Thus, the study II aimed to examine the aging effect on heart rate variability in supine and standing, on serum hsCRP and leukocyte telomere length, as well as to verify the age at which the changes caused by aging process are accentuated. One hundred and ten volunteers were divided into five groups according to age: G21-30 years, G31-40 years, G41-50 years, G51-60 years, and G61-70 years. Venous blood samples were collected for measurements of serum hsCRP and telomere length. ECG signals were recorded in rest supine and standing (15 min in each posture). HRV was assessed by spectral analysis in low and high frequencies in absolute (LF e HF) and normalized (LFnu e HFnu) units; symbolic analysis (0V%, 1V%, 2LV% e 2UV%); Shannon entropy; and complexity index (CI) and normalized CI (NCI) from conditional entropy. The main results were: 1) HF and 2UV% reduction (vagal modulation) in G51-60, and 0V% increase (sympathetic modulation) and NCI reduction (complexity) in G61-70, in supine; 2) less efficient response to postural change from supine to standing with advancing age; 3) hsCRP increase in G51-60; 4) telomere shortening in G61-70; 5) in supine, HRV indices showed stronger relationship with the principal component of most relevance from the multivariate principal component analysis, compared to hsCRP and telomere length. Considering that HRV indices in supine had a stronger association with the aging process, we can conclude that the decrease in cardiac vagal modulation may have influenced the increase in serum hsCRP (although normal values), in G51-60, since this effect is described by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Decreased cardiac vagal modulation and increased hsCRP may have contributed to the telomere shortening identified in the following decade (G61-70). In this way, we must consider the importance of preventive actions prior to the onset of aging effects, particularly in the 41-50 age range, in an attempt to attenuate the natural effects of senescence.
Estrutura e ecologia trófica da Ictiofauna da microbacia do Córrego Beija-flor, Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-06) Luiz, Tatiane Ferraz; Moura, Evelise Nunes Fragoso de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561803596789261; Peret, Alberto Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4489894880769697
The objective of this study was to analyze the structure, composition, trophic ecology and food items shared by the fish fauna in the stream Beija -Flor, located in Jataí Ecological Station ( 21 ⁰ 36'32 .8 " S 47 ⁰ 48'0 .54 " W ), besides characterizing the trophic ecology of the species Hemigrammus marginatus, one of the most abundant in the Beija-Flor stream. The samples of fish were collected monthly from August 2011 to July 2012, using gill nets, trawl nets and baited traps in five sampling stations distributed along the Beija-Flor stream. The fish were fixed in 10% formalin in the field and in the laboratory were identified and subjected to biometric measurements. The stomachs were weighed and transferred to 70% alcohol and stomach contents were examined under a stereomicroscope to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Forty four fish species belonging to 33 genera, 16 families and 5 orders were collected. Most species were accidental ( 43.18 % ), followed by constant species ( 38.64 % ) and accessory (18.18 % ). The diet of 30 species was analyzed. The main dietary habit was insectivorous, followed by omnivorous habits, herbivorous, piscivorous and detritivore. The dietary overlap was high in several species during periods of dry and flood. Hemigrammus marginatus was classified as an insectivore. Food items of autochthonous origin of the orders Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were more important during the dry season, while the items of allochthonous origin of the order Hymenoptera, were more important in the rainy season. The increase in the quantity and variety of food items during the flooding causes some species of fish to become more generalist and share food resources. Hemigrammus marginatus, Astyanax altiparanae, Metynnis maculatus, Serrapinnus notomelas and Oligosarcus pintoi, have complex of interactions with the food items and can be considered key species for stream Beija- Flor. The results showed that the stream Beija-Flor is a preserved, with high species diversity by being located within the Jataí Ecological Station, but is highly threatened by being surrounded by sugar cane plantations.
Avaliação da transferência de política do tratamento diretamente observado para tuberculose em Ribeirão Preto/SP: visão dos profissionais de saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-06) Ramdohr Sobrinho, Ellen Cristine; Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572553924234608
Análise da influência de corpos d'água em microclimas urbanos: estudo de caso em São José do Rio Preto, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-06-06) Masiero, Érico; Souza, Lea Cristina Lucas de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0083847008256434; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167
This study analyzes the microclimate effects caused by a water body in São José do Rio Preto city, which is located at an Altitute Tropical Climate region in the São Paulo State, Brazil. The main hypothesis stems from the conjunction among the air masses action in the region combined with the evaporative cooling by the water body in the built environment. The study methodology is based on the physical characterization of different environments that make up the urban environment, in determining procedures of gathering data field, in the analysis of macro and meso climatic characteristics of the region, in the treatment of microclimate data by mapping information and the formulation of guide lines for urban space occupation. The monitoring field data campaigns used meteorological measurements at fixed points to record the behavior of temperature, humidity, solar radiation, evapotranspiration, the wind speed and direction in the urban area, both in the rural environment, in the bank of the dam, in the inner city and in the suburbs. Climate general information of the region were collected by Automatic Weather Station of CIIAGRO Center for Integrated Agricultural Weather Information and the CETESB Station Environmental Company of São Paulo State - which were crossed with the data and the satellite images of INPE-CPTEC Prediction Center of Weather and Climate Research. After the field campaigns, climatic data and physical characteristics of the urban environment were processed using geostatistical methods for mapping the microclimate behavior of the studied urban areas. We concluded that the wind action over the water mass may influence the immediate surroundings, reaching approximately 1.000m depending of the topographical characteristics, of the urban occupation and the atmospheric conditions. Humidification of urban air through the water body can reduce the daily temperature peaks at approximately 3°C, however, the significant difference found in the rates of temperature and humidity in the urban canopy layer clarifies that the 9 km² of the water surface are insufficient to influence the farthest outlying areas of the dam under any climatic conditions. The low penetration of humidified air masses suggests that urban space should favor the passive action of evaporative cooling to cause microclimatic effects to mitigate the temperature amplitude in low vegetated areas and in a highly waterproofed city.