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Eletrólito sólido β/β”-alumina para protótipo de bateria sódio-níquel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-07)
Nonemacher, Juliane Franciele
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7479772662719945
Itaipu Binational along with the Swiss company power generation Kraftwerke Oberhasli AG/KWO, are developing a battery of nickel-sodium salt (Na/NiCl2), which uses β/β"-Al2O3 ceramic as solid electrolyte, to apply on electric vehicles and stationary banks. The main challenges in obtaining β/β"-alumina are obtain more content β"-Al2O3 phase, the difficulty in controlling the sodium loss during the sintering and minimize abnormal grain growth which leads to a duplex microstructure which compromises the mechanical strength. This paper aims to: i) develop ceramic solid electrolyte β/β "-alumina using powders prepared by citrate process (CP) and mixed oxides process (MOP) and correlate the microstructure with electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, ii) obtain solid electrolyte tubular using the powder which generated the best samples. The samples obtained with MOP powder were not sensitive to sintering atmosphere. The amount of β” phase was ≈75%, microstructure obtained was duplex form containing larger grains (≈150 μm) dispersed in a matrix of smaller grains (≤5 μm). The higher mechanical resistance value to radial compression was 92 ± 14 MPa and the maximum the electrical conductivity value was 1.03x10-1 S.cm-1 at 300 oC. Citrate process produced nano-powder, which was more sensitive to the samples stowage during sintering and generated a microstructure more thin and homogeneous with grain size about ≤5 μm. Amount of β” phase, electrical conductivity and mechanical strength were lower than those obtained by the MOP. The solid electrolytes tubular were obtained by isostatic pressing with powder prepared via MOP. The pipes have a good mechanical resistance to green body for handling and finishing with good densification after sintering, indicating the viability of manufacturing of tubes for batteries.
Influência da contaminação combinada de dextrana e amido na cristalização do açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-08)
Merheb, Graciela de Amaral
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Giulietti, Marco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7703659740618915
Introduced during the colonial period in Brazil, nowadays sugar cane is one of the main crops of the country's economy, generating more than 2 billion dollars per year in the Brazilian trade balance. Despite the benefits of expanding the sugarcane sector every year, the environmental impacts caused by burning straw cane sugar made the State of São Paulo Government create the Protocol of Agro-Environmental Cooperation in 2007, which aims the total elimination of cane burning by 2017. However, when the sugar cane stops being burned, some components of the plant, which remained in the field due to the burning, will start being in larger quantities in the process, and the effects of this future reality in sugar quality have not been studied In this doctoral thesis, the two components of great impact on the specifications or quality of the sugar were chosen: starch and dextran which were studied in the crystallization unit operation (by controlled cooling and vacuum evaporation), so that the impact on the final product (sugar) were evaluated. This current study used a reponse surface methodology, with 2 levels (309 and 1062 ppm), two factors (dextran and starch), 3 center points (one central point in triplicate) and 4 axial points, totaling 11 trials per type of crystallization. The experiments were conducted with sugar Type 2 solutions contaminated with starch and dextran, in an agitated and jacketed crystallizer (8 liters) in the laboratory. When the crystallization was performed, the matters were centrifuged, the sugars were separated from the honeys, and forwarded to the physico-chemical, textural and optical microscopy analyzes. In relation to the physicochemical analyzes of sugar, starch and dextran contamination interfered directly in the responses: starch, dextran, color, turbidity and alcoholic floc in both crystallization techniques, however, the controlled cooling under the same conditions of contamination (0-2000 ppm), presented sugars to lower rates, which kept the product according to the market specifications. The results of grain size analysis showed frequency curves with accumulation of smaller crystals at the opening of 0.5 mm, according to the increase of dextran in the tests. And the optical microscopy analysis identified the existence of a relationship between the amount of contaminants, and the appearance of agglomerated crystals, besides "needle-like" crystals were not observed. The experimental chosen design collaborated in the identification of starch and dextran agents, in the increase or decrease of the analyzed responses, besides suggesting the collaboration of the combined effect on the quality of sugar. Concerning the product quality, the use of crystallization technique by controlled cooling proved to be the most suitable in the reduction of contaminants in the sugar, particularly in solutions containing 2,000 ppm of dextran and starch. Given the crop of sugarcane in the coming years, and that the contamination of dextran and starch may be higher than those found in syrups of industrial processes currently, this work may contribute to the knowledge of the contaminants and their combined actions in the crystallization and in understanding of the differences in the product quality.
Comportamento e uso de habitat por aves dependentes de áreas úmidas no interior do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-08)
Cunha, Isabella Lacativa Dias
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773651471211732
The human pressures in aquatics ecosystems are very strong and affect all associated fauna. The waterbirds are a major environmental group in these ecosystems. To April / 2013 until April /2014 were collected the foraging efficiency (FE) of birds in three reservoirs of São Paulo, Itirapina. In the first chapter of this study we tested the hypothesis if the occupation and habitat use for foraging by Herons family are influenced by premises of The Optimal Foraging Theory or that species actively seek for greater energy return and avoid unproductive environments. The central hypothesis was accepted: the species exhibited a similar FE in different macro and micro- habitats; FE does not change regardless of foraging strategy; FE does not depend on the length of stay in the environment. We observed that environmental variables such as the depth of the reservoirs and the surrounding vegetation, may limit the occupation of the habitats for this waterbirds, regardless of the presence and availability of food. In the second chapter, we describe a rare foraging behavior, not yet reported in the literature, displayed by Ardea cocoi in restrictive microhabitat for the species.
Investigação do desenvolvimento microestrutural de eletrólito sólido β/β’’-alumina visando sua utilização em bateria ZEBRA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-09)
Rodrigues, Daisy Catharina
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6359278545689980
The ZEBRA battery (Zero Emission Battery Research Activity) is an efficient electrochemical energy storage device with high energy density and high power. This has been considered one of the key technologies for insertion into the economic market of electric vehicles and for stationary energy applications. However, due to high internal resistance of this device causes an intense search for new materials for the reduction of this issue. Na-β -alumina solid electrolytes, due to its high ionic conductivity for sodium ions, are among the most promising oxide ionic conductors for the ZEBRA battery, operating at temperatures of approximately 300 ºC, with high efficiency. However, the greatest difficulty in using Na-β -alumina is related to the instability of this phase at higher sintering temperatures, in excess of 1300 ºC. The critical point of this electrolyte is the ceramic processing, which can influence the final mechanical and electrical properties of the material. In this work, the focus was to balance the mechanical and electrical properties through the reduction of microstructure defects, using processed powders with different raw materials and sintering conditions. The microstructure, electric conductivity and mechanical strength of Na-β -alumina samples were evaluated, produced by changing the sodium (Na2CO3 or NaNO3), lithium (LiNO3 or LiAl5O8) and aluminum source (AlO(OH) or Al2O3). The microstructure, and consequently the electric conductivity and mechanical strength were dependent on the type of raw materials and sintering profile. Electrical conductivity of 10-1 S.cm-1 at 300 °C and fracture strength of ~ 111 MPa were obtained after the processing variables improvement have been reached. These values are in full agreement with data available in the literature.
Incorporando dados espaciais vagos em data warehouses geográficos: a proposta do tipo abstrato de dados vaguegeometry
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-09)
Carniel, Anderson Chaves
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Ciferri, Ricardo Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8382221522817502
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6350698053529179
A data warehouse is a solution for organizing and storing multidimensional data related to decision-making processes in companies, generating a historical, highly voluminous, subject-oriented and nonvolatile database. A geographic data warehouse (GDW) additio¬nally to the conventional data storage (i.e. numeric and alphanumeric data), stores spatial data as attributes in dimension tables or as measures in fact tables, storing data represented by geometries. Points, lines and polygons are examples of spatial data types. While spatial data currently stored in GDWs are crisp, i.e., they have exact location in the space, strict interiors and well-defined boundaries, geographic applications have required the storage of vague spatial data, which have inaccurate location, inexact interiors or uncertain bounda¬ries. This Master s research aims at incorporating vague spatial data to GDWs. More speci¬fically, we propose and implement a new abstract data type (ADT) called VagueGeometry to represent vague spatial data in the Spatial Database Management System (SDBMS) Post- greSQL/PostGIS. The proposal of the ADT VagueGeometry encompasses the issue of phy¬sical storage for vague spatial data, which are complex and can have several disjoint parts. It also focuses on definitions of operations to handle vague spatial objects, such as vague topological predicates and its operators. Experimental evaluations were conducted in order to assess the performance of the ADT VagueGeometry in comparison to available solutions, such as implementation of vague topological predicates utilizing existing operations of the PostGIS. The proposed ADT VagueGeometry shown reductions in query processing with vague topological predicates from 81.63% to 90.34% in spatial databases and reductions from 92.46% a 95.20% in GDW environments. This Master s project, therefore, advances in the state of art in GDWs to study this gap in the literature. Additionally, fuzzy models to represent vague spatial data was also studied, and as a result, a preliminary proposal of a ADT, called as FuzzyGeometry, was also developed.
De que família cuida a saúde da família? Os efeitos de poder nas relações de cuidado entre equipe e famílias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-09)
Ferreira, Luis Henrique Moura
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Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035
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Figueiredo, Wagner dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5780408703746760
This study adopted the Family Health Strategy (FHS) as the locus of research. The FHS is the Brazilian government's response to the organization and execution of Basic Health Care. Analyzes the FHS as a strategical dispositive in the art of governing the population wich adopts the family as a central instrument for developing epidemiological changes, based on the concept of Governamentality, an exercise of power inserted in the relationship between security, population and government. Some effects of this power are normalization of conduct, medicalization of life, imposing lifestyles considered healthy from political technologies that investing on the body, health, the right ways to eat, to live and interact, in sume an entire space of existence. This work has taken as its object FHS care practices, analyzing how they can determine the ways of life and subjectivity of families who receive assistance, for it adopted the theoretical framework of analytical power of Michel Foucaut. From the perspective of Social Constructionism, were analyzed official documents from the Ministry of Health and observed the daily work of a family health team, analyzing the discursive practices in these different fields of research. The process of this investigation resulted in the possibility to analyze and relate the meanings of three discursive practices: Families, Power and Care. In the documentary analysis, three groups of meaning were discussed: (1) as the FHS healthcare model approaches of a Governmentality dispositive; (2) the meanings of family treated in the documents, the highlight occurs in the created norms on families, and as this is an important strategy for the good government of the population; (3) the strategic position that discursive practices of Care and Humanization occupy in the documents and the changes they propel to care practices. In participant observation, we report three situations experienced in the field, it is argued from these reports the main meanings of team care concrete practices and the effects of power in families. In the final considerations discusses the three discursive practices that made up this work: Power, Families and Care, tracing possible ways that contribute to the movement of Clinical and Care Management, and indicating FHS care practices in order to enable a ethical and humane meeting between worker-user which generates autonomy, emancipation growth for these different actors.
Estudo da interação entre borrachas comerciais e misturas de biodiesel/diesel por espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-09)
Silva, Lorena Mara Alexandre e
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Venâncio, Tiago
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438399441102990
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2009574020370399
Nowadays biodiesel has taken steps toward the consolidation as energetic matrices of many countries. Elastomers are one of the most important groups of materials used in engines and the compatibility of these materials with biodiesel is a growing concern. Thus, to correlate important information about compartmentalized phases of rubber/fuel system, low and high field NMR and emerging technologies such as hybrid NMR probe and imaging through mass spectrometry (DESI), were employed. This work permitted, for the first time, to understand the structural and chemical changes that diesel and mainly biodiesel induces in the structure of vulcanized rubber. For natural rubber (NR), the low-field NMR experiments have shown that the damage did not occur at the polymer crosslinking but biodiesel mostly affects the interaction between the filler and rubber. The high resolution NMR also allowed verifying the exudation of the filler and filler aggregates. The use of Comprehensive Multi-Phase NMR applied to NR, nitrilic rubber (NBR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and ethylene-propilene-diene rubber (EPDM), permitted to study the different phases coexisting in the complex fuel/rubber system as well as the interface between these phases. These data indicated that the carbon black aggregates are being exudate and thus, the demand for fillers with higher affinity with the elastomers seems to be one of the most important parameters in the search for materials more compatible with biodiesel. Thus, in molecular level it can be seen that the elastomer less affected by the presence of biodiesel was EPDM, followed by SBR, NR and NBR. Besides it was observed the inclusion of biodiesel molecules into the EPDM structure, in contrast to other data in literature. This finding can infer about the long-term degradation of the elastomeric structure. Furthermore, DESI demonstrated that biodiesel trapped at the EPDM is in the oxidized and unoxidized forms, and probably this oxidation has a greater effect on the structure of the rubber.
Desenvolvimento de processos químicos seguindo os princípios adotados pela química verde: redução e conversão de CO2 usando compostos de Mn(I)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-09)
Casale, Mariana Romano Camilo
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Carlos, Rose Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1588289751421610
Due to its versatile chemistry and ability to stabilize metals with low oxidation states, carbonyl compounds of transition metals play an important role in various fields of organometallic chemistry. In our research group, we have studied carbonyl compounds of manganese (I) over time and investigated their photochemical and spectroscopic properties. We carried out studies in photochemistry, electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry accompanied by UV-Vis and IR) and photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer (ET) reactions (with the electron acceptor MV2+, methylviologen) for the compound fac- [Mn(phen)(CO)3(4MeImH)](SO3CF3) (fac-1) where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, 4MeImH = 4-methyl-imidazol and SO3CF3 = triflate ion, compound already synthesized and processed by the group. fac-1 shows electronic absorption bands in the UV-Vis at 380 (MLCT) and 270 nm (LLCT) in CH3CN and intense bands in IR between 2200 and 1800 cm-1, consistent with the facial arrangement of the three CO ligands in the sphere of coordination of the metal. The complex is stable in solid state and is a mixture of two isomers while in solution, the adjacent (A) and remote (R) isomers relative to the nitrogen atom (N) of the 4MeImH ligand which coordinates to the metal Mn. Encouraged by the results obtained by the group before, in which the compound fac-1 under irradiation of light in aqueous solution and in the absence of oxidizing agents in the reaction medium was able to cleave a molecule of water to produce molecular oxygen (O2) detected by a Clark electrode, we investigated the reduction and conversion of carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) to CO using this compound of Mn in organic solution, by photochemical and electrochemical means in N2 and CO2 atmosphere. Through the development of chemical processes, the petrochemical industry has made great contributions to mankind but at the same time the release of large amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere has harmed the environment. Capturing this gas emitted into the atmosphere primarily by the burning fossil fuels is a necessary strategy to minimize the greenhouse effect. In our photochemical studies, the complex was able to reduce CO2 to CO, product detected by 13C NMR (185 ppm), and the mechanisms of photochemical and electrochemical reactions of fac-1 in the presence of CO2 were checked. We carried out DFT calculations to corroborate experimental data and the results show the agreement of the UV-Vis and IR spectrum for the proposed product. A comparison of results shows the importance of ligand 4MeImH in the multiple photoinduced electron transfer reactions assisted by protons and the great potential of the fac-1 compound to participate in photocatalytic processes of interest, such as the reduction and conversion of CO2 to products of interest to the chemical industry.
Análises de compostos orgânicos não específicos no esgoto sanitário doméstico através das técnicas RMNq e HPLC-(UV/MS)-SPE-ASS-NMR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-10)
Alves Filho, Elenilson de Godoy
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7843055136220699
The growth of industrial deployment and urbanization play a major role in the degradation of global environmental and resource depletion mainly in countries in development such as Brazil. The problems regarding water pollution in Latin America have been well-documented, and there is no evidence of substantive effort to change the situation. There are a large number of organic pollutants that leads several damages to the ecosystem, threatening human health and are flushed to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The WWTPs are responsible for the removal of natural and anthropogenic pollutants from the sewage and, for this, play an important role in protection of human health and the environment. Due to the varying operational conditions, process and quality, the wastewater treatments need to be monitored continuously to ensure a reliable and efficient operation. Therefore, the NMR analyses are widely used in the study of different components of wastewater such as complex organic matter (fulvic and humic acids), sludge and organic contaminants. In the present work, we employed two methods to study wastewater samples: non-targeted 1D (13C and 1H) and 2D NMR spectroscopy analyses to characterize the largest possible number of compounds in urban wastewater; and analysis by HPLC-(UV/MS)-SPE-ASS-NMR to detect and elucidate the non-specific recalcitrant in treated wastewater, sparing the common use of standards. In the non-targeted 1D NMR analysis, we employed also a method to study wastewater samples by chemometric and quantitative analyses to monitor the seasonal variations and identify anomalous discharges in urban wastewater system. The set of data were constituted of several compounds on which the concentration ranges considerably with treatment and seasonality. An anomalous discharge, the influence of storm water on the wastewater composition and recalcitrant compounds (LAS surfactant homologues) in the effluent were further identified. The seasonal variations and abnormality in the composition of organic compounds in sewage indicated that the employed procedure can be useful to identify the pollution source, to follow up the efficiency of WWTPs plants to design preventive actions in order to protect equipment and preserve the environment.
Avaliação esportiva utilizando técnicas multivariadas: construção de indicadores e sistemas online
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-10)
Maiorano, Alexandre Cristovão
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1457616145396499
The main objective of this research is to provide statistical tools that allow the comparison of individuals in a speci ed sports category. Particularly, the present study is focused on the performance evaluation in football using univariate and multivariate methods. The univariate approach is given by Z-CELAFISCS methodology, which was developed with the purpose of identifying talents in the sport. The multivariate approaches are given by the construction of indicators, speci cally by means of principal component analysis, factor analysis and copulas. These indicators allows the reduction of the dimensionality of the data in studying, providing better interpretation of the results and improving comparability between the performance and assortment of individuals. To facilitate the use of the methodology studied here was built an online statistical system called i-Sports.
Modelagem e cômputo de métricas de interesse no contexto de modernização de sistemas legados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-13)
Honda, Raphael Rodrigues
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Camargo, Valter Vieira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6809743774407662
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6224972529068017
Maintaining legacy systems is a complex and expensive activity for many companies. An alternative to this problem is the Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM), proposed by the OMG (Object Management Group). ADM is a set of principles that support the modernization of systems using models. The Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM) is the main ADM metamodel and it is able to represent various characteristics of a system, such as source code, configuration files and GUI. Through a reverse engineering process supported by tools is possible to extract knowledge from legacy source code and store it in KDM metamodel instances. Another metamodel that is important to this project is the Structured Metrics Metamodel (SMM) that allows the specification of metrics and also the representation of the measurements results performed on KDM models. When we decide to modernize a legacy system, an alternative that aims to improve concerns modularization of a system is the Aspect-Oriented Programming. Considering this alternative, the main goal of this project is to present an approach to defining and computing concern metrics in instances of KDM metamodel. This kind of measurement needs a prior concern mining that make notes on system components indicating concerns which it implements. To achieve the project objective, a complete approach to measure concerns using ADM models was developed, this approached is composed by an extension of KDM metamodel for representing Aspect- Oriented Software (AO-KDM), a concern metrics library in SMM format (CCML) developed in order to be parameterized by the Modernization Engineer. Therefore, the metrics defined in this project can be reused in other projects. Furthermore, we have developed a tool (CMEE) capable of handling parameterization annotations (notes about concerns made by the mining tools) that allows that models annotated by different mining tools could be measured by SMM metrics.
Lutando por corações, mentes e credencias: as disputas em torno da regulamentação da profissão de jornalista no Brasil na primeira década do século XXI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-14)
Nascimento, Lerisson Christian
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Bonelli, Maria da Glória
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1739441747281321
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4675493298798128
The aim of this paper is to show how journalism in Brazil - between the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century was the subject of disputes in the academic field and in the scope of professional regulation. We show how these two processes relate through the relationship between the idea of professionalism and the process of building a specific knowledge about journalism in the national academic field.
ACT : uma possibilidade de prevenção universal à violência contra a criança
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-14)
Silva, Jéssica de Assis
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9174144379163311
Aggressive models can be learned during childhood, critical period to children to learn basic skills and whose effects are long lasting. In this sense, prevention programs that emphasize the role of environment in acquisition of non-aggressive repertoires and which highlight the role of the important adults in children's lives, such as their parents and other caregivers, are essential to prevent violence in its many forms. This chapter describes the ACT raising safe kids Program, designed in 2000 by the American Psychological Association (APA) in the United States, and implemented in several countries. It is a universal prevention program that articulates early intervention and training of parenting skills to prevent violence against children. Through a topical review of the literature, it is intended, in this chapter, address the historical aspects of the ACT program, its dissemination and its results in research evaluation and implementation, highlighting the gaps in research and suggesting new research.
O governo de menores de idade em relação à prática da prostituição: os discursos de agentes sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-15)
Molina, Ana Maria Ricci
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Dinis, Nilson Fernandes
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DINIS, N. F.
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6532051682869764
In the field of prostitution children and adolescents can be found, although considered a social practice that violates their rights. Consequently, society has created a social network of care, where the Guardian Council and the Specialized Care Program Families and Individuals to combat this violation. However, it seems that the government held by social agents of these instances denotes security mechanisms and risk management through a series of practices called menoristas and minors in order to resonate the notion of deviance as a facilitator of the violation of rights and the body by the subject. The questioning of such practices points to the tension between the sovereignty of the individual and technical rationality, and also with the moral values concerning sexual absurdity and good social order. At the end, appear the silence of society, the politics of social agents and the resistance of children and adolescents in the face of commercial sexual exploration. This analysis was possible by reading the records of commercial sexual exploration of children and adolescents the existing Guardianship Council (years 1994, 2005 and 2011) PAEFI-Sentinela (2005 and 2011), both the city of Ribeirão Preto / SP, based the genealogical method and the theories about government, sexuality and abnormality presented by Michel Foucault and followers.
Promovendo aplicações multimídia interativas com autoria por incorporação de informações de contexto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-15)
Melo, Erick Lazaro
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Teixeira, Cesar Augusto Camillo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1123376648713853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0531869501074485
Interactive multimedia applications can turn contents into a much more interesting presentation for users, promote more effective transmission of information, hold the user s attention and eventually promote more satisfaction. However, it is observed that the spread of such applications is very timid. Multimedia content, in general, has been summarized to video and hypermedia documents based on images and text. There are few effective initiatives interactivity with content that benefit from media synchronization. The environment of the Interactive Digital TV offers good potential for exploitation of sync media, however we observe numerous obstacles arising from the conservatism of the industry. The few options available to viewers often end up being ignored. Some reasons may explain the low adoption of interactive multimedia applications: (i) the production of such content is complex - existing authoring tools contribute little to simplify this process, keeping away unskilled designers and developers who choose to use content that can be captured in a simple way (usually video); (ii) the presentation of interactive multimedia content may require specific environments or applications not very widespread or require specialized development; (iii) the content consumption should occur on multiple platforms, making it expensive to develop specific applications for each; (iv) there is a lack of applications widely known to the general public that are really attractive and innovative and that stimulate interactivity. It is believed that this scenario can be changed and interactive multimedia applications can contribute to user satisfaction. It has been hypothesized that attractive interactive multimedia applications can be built with automatic or semiautomatic incorporation, to a leading media, of other media related to it. Related media may be the result of human authorship, with facilitators support, capturing context information, mining the collective interaction in presentation sessions with multiple viewers or combinations of these sources. Based on several published articles, authored or co-authored by the author of this thesis and related to projects managed by him, this text presents efforts and results that contribute to the validation of the hypothesis. These are works that address aspects of multimedia authoring, dissemination of multimedia applications on multiple platforms and media synchronization, all inherent to innovative applications with strong potential to captivate users and serve as catalysts for new applications.
Aprendizagem e engajamento como função de consequências para o desempenho de crianças em um programa de ensino individualizado de leitura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-17)
Veiga, Dhayana Inthamoussu
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7411099765109302
The individualized teaching program for elemental reading and writing skills Learning to Read and Write in Small Steps has been systematically developed and improved for the last 25 years. Anecdotal observations suggested a reduction on the engagement of children in the program, indicating need to study motivational‟ variables in this context. The purpose of the present study was to analyze learning and task engagement of children during the application of Module 1 of the Program: 1) in its standard version (Standard-Procedure) and 2) in a token version, where points were added to a counter in correct trials exchanged for video access as supplementary consequences (Token- Procedure). Two experiments were conducted in an elementary public school with 21 children without or with incipient reading repertoire. In the Experiment 1, participants were nine boys and four girls with 8-10 years of age of the 3rd and 4th grade. Some participants were exposed to Standard-Procedure and others to Token-Procedure. Learning measures provided by the program and systematic observational measures (ten seconds partial interval recording) assessed performance. On-Task and Off-Task behaviors (participants‟) and Task Assistance and On-Task Request behaviors (experimenter‟s) were recorded in five sessions per participant. Results showed that all participants had meaningful gains in reading, spelling and equivalence performance, with teaching and recombination words, and the advancement in the procedure occurred within a number of sessions similarly to programmed teaching steps. An overall reduction trend of average latency to perform task along units was observed. The average latency in Token-Procedure was significantly lower than in Standard- Procedure. More promptness to perform task was interpreted as evidence of its greater evocative effectiveness, probably due its correlation with a more effective consequence. It suggests that the effects of standard consequences were supplemented by the introduction of points. All participants systematically engaged in the task during the teaching sessions and Off-Task behaviors occurred more variably and apparently without interfering in task performance, except in some cases. Off-task behaviors appeared to be mostly an artifact of the discrete-trial procedure, in which the task cannot occur continuously. The results of Experiment 1 led to Experiment 2, in which the parameters of point accumulation and of its exchange were adjusted (Token‟- Procedure). Participants were six boys and two girls, with 6-9 years, of 2nd or 3rd grade, with lower initial repertoire and were only partially exposed to Token‟- Procedure. Their performance differ significantly in relation to other participants, such as a higher number of repetitions of teaching steps and less gains of target repertoires, which impaired the observation of possible effects of Token‟-Procedure. Despite of the limitations of this study, its results indicate important directions for future studies on the determinants of task engagement of children in this Program.
O efeito do material concreto e do modelo de barras no processo de aprendizagem significativa do conteúdo curricular de frações pelos alunos de 7º ano do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-17)
Gois, Renata Cláudia
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Baldin, Yuriko Yamamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8785562528979416
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9457234104730410
The dissertation presents a proposal for teaching the content of fractions to a 7th grade classroom of basic education, based on a concrete didactical material, Fraction Case , and the Bar Model inspired in Singapore Mathematics, focused on the conceptual understanding along with basic operation skills. The motivation to this work was the recognition of great difficulty in learning with understanding of rational numbers, shown by the students of basic education across the grades. The learning of rational numbers is of fundamental importance to the accomplishment of the mathematics curriculum of basic education. We adopted the Fraction Case and the Bar Model because they actually offer the possibility of visualizing concrete representation of ideas that underline the subject of fractions. The proposed activities were inspired by the didactical ideas and activities in Baldin & Malagutti (2006), and they aim at the understanding of the concept of equivalent fractions together with the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of fractions, starting from the perspective of the part-whole relationship. We bring out the outcome resulted from the application of activities in three classrooms of 7th grade students of a private school of city of Bauru.
Resolução de problemas da pré-álgebra e álgebra para fundamental II do ensino básico com auxílio do modelo de barras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-17)
Queiroz, Jonas Marques dos Santos
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Baldin, Yuriko Yamamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8785562528979416
The difficulties in learning and teaching of algebra can be detected in the school cycle 4 (8th and 9th grades) of the Elementary School II and throughout High School, such difficulties being present in all Brazilian schools. These difficulties arise from an institutional failure, in others words, in the transition from arithmetic to algebra, in the phase of pre-algebra which occurs at cycle 3 ( 6th and 7th grades) of the Elementary School II. When this transition is unsatisfactory this compromises the subsequent studies making the students feel not motivated in learning the content of algebra. Therefore, in this research project we planned and executed 6 (six) activities based on the methodology of Problem Solving based on the phases proposed by George Polya, along with the methodology of the Bar Model from Singapore Mathematics. The activities were carried out in seventh grade classrooms of Elementary School II of Instituto Educacional Estilo , Campinas, SP. The results of this dissertation suggests to teachers of Elementary School II didactical sequences of activities that they can use and enjoy in classroom practices, so that they can improve also their teaching and learning, contributing to the development of the students. With the objective of achieving a satisfactory transition from arithmetic to algebra, the activities were developed and based on problems solving, and then analyzed critically using the Problem Solving steps. After 6 (six) activities, we applied a diagnostic evaluation in order to analyze the results and to check if the activities contributed to a meaningful learning of algebra. The dissertation presents a theoretical study about teaching and learning algebra as well as a study on the methodologies of Problem Solving in classroom practice and Bar Model from Singapore Mathematics.
Investigação de operadores essenciais de mutação para programas orientados a aspectos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-20)
Lacerda, Jésus Thiago Sousa
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Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0035619364824823
Context: The literature on software testing reports on the application of the Mutation Analysis criterion or mutation testing as a promising approach for revealing faults in aspect-oriented (AO) programs. However, it is widely known that this criterion is highly costly due to the large number of generated mutants and the effort required to identify equivalent mutants. We highlight that little existing research on mutation testing for AO programs focuses on cost reduction strategies. Objective: this work aims at investigating the cost reduction of mutation testing for AO programs. In particular, we intend to reduce the cost of mutation testing by identifying a reduced set of mutation operators that are capable of keeping the effectiveness in guaranteeing the quality of the designed test sets. Method: to achieve the goals, we applied an approach called Sufficient Procedure. Such approach yields sufficient (sets of) mutation operators. Test sets that are adequate with respect to mutants produced by sufficient operators are able to reveal the majority of faults simulated by a whole set of mutants. Results: by applying the Sufficient Procedure, we obtained substantial cost reductions for three groups of AO programs. The cost reduction in the experiments range from 52% to 62%. The final mutation scores yielded by the test sets that are adequate to mutants produced by the sufficient operators range from 92% to 94%. Conclusion: with the achieved results, we conclude that it is possible to reduce the cost of mutation testing applied to AO programs without significant losses with respect to the capacity of revealing prespecified fault types. The Sufficient Procedure has shown to be able to support cost reduction and to maintain the effectiveness of the criterion.
Evidências do efeito da fragmentação da mata atlântica na variabilidade e estruturação genética de Chiroxiphia caudata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-20)
Niero, Leonardo Paes
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4581580635244874
Habitat fragmentation is one of the main threats to biodiversity and one of the main challenges faced by conservation biology. This study assessed the habitat fragmentation effects on the genetic variability of Chiroxiphia caudata, which is an Atlantic Forest endemic bird species. Nine microsatellite loci were used for the analysis of individuals from five Atlantic Forest areas. We found departure from HWE is due to heterozygotes deficit and positive values for the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) for all populations. Private alleles were found in all areas. Fst, Dest, Bayesian and factorial correspondence analyses indicated that populations are genetically structured, but the distance could not explain the differentiation between areas. Apparently, this species did not suffered from a reduction in its variability because of the habitat fragmentation process. The fragmentation and its consequences as the reduction of gene flow may be acting in order to increase the differentiation between areas, including nearby areas that already show evidence of early differentiation.The choice of C. caudata for this study concerning the Atlantic Forest revealed the most fragmented areas played an important role for the specie by sheltering great genetic diversity within itself. Although not considered a very specialized specie as to their habits, the study model based on C. caudata showed that even more generalist species may be affected by fragmentation. When dealing with more specialized species, this scenario can become even worse.